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Background: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is a suitable solution for the treatment of morbid obesity. Investigating an MBS method that has the best outcomes has always been the main concern of physicians. The current study aimed to compare nutritional, anthropometric, and psychological complications of individuals undergoing various MBS Techniques. Methods: A total of 96 subjects, who had been already referred to the obesity clinic of Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran, for MBS, were selected for the study and were followed for one year after MBS. The dietary intakes of the participants were assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) on a daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly basis. The mental health of participants was done via the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised. Furthermore, the In-Body 720 bioelectrical impedance device was used to obtain the body composition of the participants at the beginning and the end of the study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 39.5 ± 9.5 years. All anthropometric indices including weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), protein content, fat mass, and fat mass percentage decreased after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgeries (P < 0.05). After adjustments for confounders, no significant difference was observed in the magnitude of the changes in body composition between the three Techniques (p > 0.05). Energy and carbohydrate intake significantly decreased after surgeries in all three groups (p < 0.05), but comparing the methods no significant difference was revealed (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the results indicated that there was a significant relationship between the mental health of patients before and after surgeries (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, all three methods of surgery contributed to the improvement of the nutritional, anthropometric, and psychological complications. Further complementary studies are needed to determine the least complicated MBS method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to assess the psychological health status of children aged 3–7 years in Wuxi and analyze the correlation between dietary behaviors, lifestyle, and psychological problems. Methods: Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, 3–7-year-old children from 18 kindergartens across Wuxi were selected as the survey subjects. An online survey was conducted to collect demographic information about children and their parents, dietary information, lifestyle data, and family backgrounds. Psychological assessments were conducted using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: A total of 3727 preschool children were included. The average SDQ score was 16.12 ± 4.00, with an abnormal rate of 40.81% (1521/3727). After adjusting for various confounding factors, logistic regression analysis indicated that low dietary diversity (OR = 1.299, 95% CI: 1.131–1.492), daily consumption of ultra-processed foods (OR = 1.202, 95% CI: 1.051–1.376), picky eating behavior or ideas occurring more than twice per week (OR = 1.405, 95% CI: 1.227–1.608), engaging in other activities while eating (such as watching TV or playing with toys) more than twice per week (OR = 1.742, 95% CI: 1.510–2.011), lack of a fixed dining position (OR = 1.222, 95% CI: 1.012–1.476), daily screen time exceeding 1 h (OR = 1.353, 95% CI: 1.152–1.590), and daily sleep duration of less than 9 h or more than 13 h (OR = 1.535, 95% CI: 1.262–1.866) were risk factors for psychological problems. Conclusions: The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions addressing insufficient dietary diversity, distracted eating, excessive screen time, and unhealthy sleep habits to improve the psychological well-being of preschool children. Future studies should explore the effectiveness of tailored health and lifestyle interventions for children and their families to mitigate these risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Social capital is an important resource that enables employees to build trust-based relationships with other individuals and groups in the workplace. Although the evidence reveals the effect of employee empowerment on burnout, the moderator role of social capital in this relationship is still unexplored. However, considering the health employees who have mental health problems and increased dissatisfaction with the COVID-19 epidemic, the importance of determining the antecedent factors that may affect burnout plays an even more critical role. OBJECTIVE: The effect of the epidemic process on the burnout level of health employees was examined. In addition, the effect of employee empowerment on burnout was examined and the moderate role of social capital was evaluated. METHODS: A total of 492 health employee completed the measures of social capital, perceived empowerment, and burnout. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the moderate variable. Dawson slope were used to visualize the results. RESULTS: The burnout levels of health employees were low (2.00±1.34). Social capital had a moderating effect on the negative effect of employee empowerment on burnout (β= 0.191). Apart from that, employee empowerment (β= –0.192) and social capital (β= –0.508) were negatively associated with burnout level (p < 0.05). CONLUSION: These results are expected to provide useful recommendations to management in the health sector to reduce burnout among health employees by focusing on social capital and employee empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is a suitable solution for the treatment of morbid obesity. Investigating an MBS method that has the best outcomes has always been the main concern of physicians. The current study aimed to compare nutritional, anthropometric, and psychological complications of individuals undergoing various MBS Techniques. Methods A total of 96 subjects, who had been already referred to the obesity clinic of Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran, for MBS, were selected for the study and were followed for one year after MBS. The dietary intakes of the participants were assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) on a daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly basis. The mental health of participants was done via the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised. Furthermore, the In-Body 720 bioelectrical impedance device was used to obtain the body composition of the participants at the beginning and the end of the study. Results The mean age of the participants was 39.5 ± 9.5 years. All anthropometric indices including weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), protein content, fat mass, and fat mass percentage decreased after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgeries (P 0.05). Energy and carbohydrate intake significantly decreased after surgeries in all three groups (p 0.05). Furthermore, the results indicated that there was a significant relationship between the mental health of patients before and after surgeries (p

The current study aimed to identify the reality of collaborative practices to facilitate access to mental healthcare by students with disabilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Descriptive survey approach was used to obtain data from 71 teachers and specialists (n = 42 teachers; n = 29 specialists), who were identified using snowball sampling method, on the use of collaboration to support the mental health of such students. Statistical processing was done to obtain (a) the frequencies and percentages for the analysis of the participants' responses, and (b) the means to organize these data. According to the findings, while Saudi teachers and specialists in special education agree on the importance of collaborating to provide these services to those with disabilities, the survey responses indicate that Saudi Arabia lacks clear directives in the form of regulations, laws, incentives, and training that would help facilitate the implementation of these practices as required. Based on these and other findings, a proposal is made on how to increase collaboration among stakeholders to create better access to mental healthcare, when needed, for those in the population of individuals with disabilities receiving special education support in schools in Saudi Arabia. In addition, the respondents indicated they perceive a lack of understanding of the different psychological issues individuals with disabilities may encounter and how these can be treated. The current study develops recommendations based on the findings to address these concerns as well as provides recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: Antecedentes: La adolescencia es un periodo importante del desarrollo en el que pueden aparecer problemas psicológicos, incluyendo conducta suicida. Además, experimentar acontecimientos vitales estresantes (AVEs) puede contribuir a su aparición, aunque el impacto de distintos tipos de AVEs ha sido escasamente examinado. Este estudio pretende analizar asociaciones entre diferentes AVEs, problemas psicológicos, bienestar subjetivo y conducta suicida en adolescentes. Se desarrolló un nuevo instrumento -Stressful Life Events Checklist for Adolescents (SLECA)- donde los AVEs se clasificaron como: leves/graves, dependientes/independientes, interpersonales/no-interpersonales y crónicos/episódicos. Método: Se incluyeron dos oleadas. 5.610 adolescentes participaron en la primera y 2.312 en la segunda. Resultados: Los AVEs graves-dependientes-interpersonales-episódicos se asociaron fuertemente a problemas exteriorizados; los AVEs graves-dependientes-no-interpersonales-episódicos mostraron la más alta relación con problemas de atención e hiperactividad; y los AVEs graves-independientes-crónicos se asociaron tanto a bajo bienestar subjetivo como a problemas interiorizados. Los AVEs académicos y relacionados con problemas con los iguales se relacionaron con problemas psicológicos y bajo bienestar subjetivo. Controlando por variables de salud mental, la conducta suicida se asoció a AVEs graves-independientes-crónicos y los relacionados con la victimización y problemas con la sexualidad. Conclusiones: El SLECA es un instrumento útil para evaluar AVEs en adolescentes, desenredando las interrelaciones entre AVEs, salud mental y conducta suicida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several researchers have found that men who have committed sexual aggression have inadequate coping strategies (e.g., paraphilic sexual fantasies, substance abuse). However, very few researchers have empirically examined the factors potentially associated with the development of these strategies. In 2011, Maniglio hypothesized that the inadequate coping strategies of men who have committed sexual aggression are the result of childhood victimization, mediated by internalized psychological problems. The present study therefore empirically tested this hypothesis in a Canadian sample of 205 men who had committed sexual aggression against women, of whom 37 committed sexual murder. Structural equation modeling (SEM) resulted in the identification of several direct and indirect trajectories leading from childhood victimization (psychological, physical, sexual) to the development of inadequate coping strategies (paraphilic sexual fantasies, alcohol and drug use) mediated by internalized psychological problems (e.g., anxiety, depression, social isolation). The theoretical and clinical implications of these developmental trajectories are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivePrevious studies have indicated a link between screen exposure and children’s mental health, but with the emergence of new screen media and a rise in screen content, uncertainties have grown. Our aim was to investigate the impact of screen use on psychological issues in 2- to 3-year-old children, considering screen time and types of screen media and content.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included participants from Shanghai, China, from February to July 2023. Screen use information was collected from children’s caregivers via online questionnaire. Psychological difficulties of children were reported by parents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).ResultsAmong the interviewed children, 15.9% had an average daily screen time exceeding 1 hour (h). 52.1% of them viewed inappropriate, non-child-directed screen content, 37.6% were mainly exposed to educational content, and 18.9% watched more fast-paced screen content than slow-paced content. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the use of mobile phones (β = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.14, 2.18), virtual reality (VR) devices (β = 2.57, 95% CI: 0.62, 4.53) and computers for more than 30 minutes (min) per day (β = 2.15, 95% CI: 0.99, 3.30) were related to higher SDQ difficulty scores. Watching more fast-paced (β = 1.58, 95% CI: 0.80, 2.35) and more noneducational screen content (β = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.66) were also associated with increased difficulty scores.ConclusionThe amount of time spent using computers, mobile phones and VR devices and the proportion of exposure to noneducational content and fast-paced content were significantly associated with psychological problems among 2- to 3-year-old children.

Although recent research has examined family profiles in younger children, emerging adults have not been examined as extensively despite evidence that families continue to be important to emerging adults. The current study examined family functioning profiles and associated psychological problems of both offspring and parents from the perspective of 585 college-attending emerging adults. Results supported six profiles where lower functioning groups generally had more psychological problems relative to higher functioning groups and with specific maternal and paternal differences. The current study advances family functioning research by demonstrating that family profiles can be identified and associated with psychological problems for both parents and emerging adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: It has been assumed that decentering is one mechanism underlying the health-promoting benefits of mindfulness. This study aimed to investigate the potential mediating role of decentering in the relationship of mindfulness with psychological problems. Moreover, this study examined whether age and clinical status moderated this relationship. Method: This study systematically reviewed prior studies published until May 2023. Data were extracted from survey results in observational studies and from baseline scores in intervention studies. The technique of meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) was applied to analyze the aggregated data. Moderator analyses examined the role of individual characteristics in the relations between (1) mindfulness and decentering, (2) decentering and psychological problems, and (3) mindfulness and psychological problems. Results: The final meta-analysis included 110 effect sizes extracted from 57 studies, with a total number of 18,515 participants. Overall, the MASEM results showed that mindfulness had a positive, large direct effect on decentering (β = 0.42, 95% CI[0.38, 0.47]), and a negative, small-to-medium direct effect on psychological problems (β = − 0.25, 95% CI[− 0.31, − 0.20]). Decentering also had a negative, modest direct effect on psychological problems (β = − 0.24, 95% CI[− 0.29, − 0.19]). Regarding the indirect effect, decentering had a significant, small effect in the association between mindfulness and psychological problems (β = − 0.10, 95% CI[− 0.13, − 0.08]). Moderator analyses suggested that these effects were consistent across age and clinical status. Conclusions: The current results provide preliminary evidence that the correlation between mindfulness and decentering carries over to psychological problems. Understanding this correlation is an essential step towards mapping out the underlying psychological processes moving from mindfulness to psychological outcomes. The cultivation of decentering skills should be embedded in mindfulness-based training to confer benefits on psychological problems. Moreover, secular programs that do not include cultural or spiritual aspects of mindfulness need to expand their current knowledge of what decentering involves and what impedes effective decentering. Preregistration: This study is not preregistered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers in India have gone through many hardships. After the lockdown, many construction sites, factories, and workplaces shut down, and innumerable migrant workers faced a loss of income, shortage of food, and uncertain future. This massive change in their living conditions made them vulnerable to psychological problems. Aim: To screen for depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol dependence, and resilience in migrant workers during the COVID-19 crisis. Materials and Methods: Migrant workers at seven camps in the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Maharashtra, were surveyed with the help of the Depression Anxiety Stress (DASS-21) Scale to assess depression, anxiety, and stress levels, AUDIT C for assessing alcohol use disorders, and Connor--Davidson resilience scale short form (CD RISC) for assessing resilience. Results: A total of 1053 migrant workers were surveyed. It showed that 57.54% of workers had depressive symptoms, 64.96% had anxiety symptoms, and 39.32% had subjective stress. Female migrant workers had more severe depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms as compared to males while male workers were more at risk of alcohol use disorder as compared to females. Migrants without family had more symptoms of severe depression and alcohol use disorder as compared to those with family. Regression analysis showed that levels of anxiety were independently associated with female gender, unmarried status, stress, depression, and alcohol use disorder while resilience negatively predicted anxiety in these migrant workers. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers were at risk of depression, anxiety, stress, and alcohol use disorder. Females and migrants without families came out to be more vulnerable to these psychological problems. Hence during the pandemic situation, identifying this vulnerable population and special preventive or therapeutic programs for them can be of crucial importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Educational Research (22196064) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Providing specialized mental health care to those diagnosed with psychological illness is an emotionally, psychological and physically demanding profession, placing Mental Health Practitioners (MHPs) at risk of being personally affected by the demands of their profession. The present study measured levels of Compassion Fatigue (CF; secondary trauma and burnout), Psychological Problems (PP; depression, anxiety, stress) and Resilience, in women MHPs sample. Research objectives focused on exploring specific Character Strengths that are positively associated with psychological resilience and provide a barrier against Compassion Fatigue and Psychological Problems for the sample. 120 women MHPs (psychiatrist = 30, psychologist = 69, and counselor = 21) were selected as study participants through purposive sampling. Measures of Professional Quality of Life Scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress scale, Brief resilient coping scale, and Character strength rating scale were used for quantitative data collection. The analyses revealed high CF scores associated with significantly high PP scores (p <.01). Furthermore, high score on PP is related to low resilience (p <.01) and poor scores on character strengths, which are significantly positively related to compassion satisfaction. The character strengths of love for learning, capacity to love, gratitude, teamwork, kindness, forgiveness, leadership, curiosity, and religiousness significantly predicted compassion satisfaction. Psychological resilience was positively associated with compassion satisfaction (r =.60, p <.01). Study findings identify the professional significance of personal character strengths of women MHPs. It acknowledges that specific personal choices of women MHPs outside of work, influence their quality of professional capacity as care providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rising quantity of research designates that adolescents’ and students’ psychological problems pose a risk to them and society. Research indicates that students frequently utilize Information and Communications Technology (ICT) services to get informed about mental health, and to resolve their psychological problems. A critical and reflective analysis of the scientific literature, and a critical examination and reflective synthesis, theories, and practice on the use of ICTs and digital media for the treatment of psychological problems have been employed in this study. The study identifies gaps in research theory and practice regarding the use of ICTs and digital services for the prevention and treatment of mental health issues among adolescents and the student population. The article proposes ten preliminary criteria for ICT use in the treatment of psychological problems as a direction for further research.

Background: With its abrupt and huge health and socio-economic consequences, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a uniquely demanding, intensely stressful, and even traumatic period. Healthcare workers (HCW), especially nurses, were exposed to mental health challenges during those challenging times. Objectives: Review the current literature on mental health problems among nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. Methods: This is a narrative review and critical evaluation of relevant publications. Results: Nurses experienced higher levels of stress, burnout, anxiety, depression, frustration, stigma, and depersonalization compared to other HCW. Factors that increased this symptomatology included concerns about infection or infection of family members, inadequate staff protective equipment, extended working hours, insufficient information, a reduced sense of security, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The factors that improved the psychopathology included a general positive attitude, job satisfaction, adequate information and education, harmonious group relationships, post-traumatic development, emotional intelligence, psychological counseling, mindfulness-based stress reduction, stable leadership, guidance, and moral and practical administrative support. Conclusions: Recent studies clearly show that nurses, especially women, are the most vulnerable subgroup among HCW and are particularly prone to mental health impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic. The documented mental health vulnerability of frontline nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic requires preventive nursing management actions to increase resilience and to develop relevant defense mechanisms.

Background: The Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) is a recently developed instrument for assessing the "dark" personality traits of psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and sadism. We aimed to examine the SD4's psychometric properties, adapting it into Spanish and exploring its structure, gender invariance, reliability, concurrent validity, and nomological network. Method: A sample of 668 adults (Mage = 26.36, SD = 10.64, 69.2% females) completed the SD4 and other self-report questionnaires. Results: The results demonstrated sound indices of reliability and concurrent validity, an adequate four-factor structure, and support for gender invariance. Furthermore, most of the findings about the nomological network were in line with prior hypotheses: All four SD4 scales were associated with low levels of agreeableness and antagonism; psychopathy was also related to low conscientiousness, disinhibition and impulse-control problems; narcissism was positively associated with extraversion and negatively associated with internalizing symptoms; Machiavellianism was uncorrelated with impulsivityrelated problems, which made it distinct from the psychopathy profile; finally, sadism showed a similar pattern of associations to psychopathy, albeit less strongly linked to impulsivity problems and externalizing behavior. Conclusions: Overall, the SD4 presents sound psychometric properties, although the overlap between psychopathy and sadism warrants some caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study investigated the potential psychological problems in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to healthy children. Materials and methods: A non-probability sample study was performed on children with SLE, and their peers aged 6 to 18 years. The Child Behaviour Checklist for Ages 6–18 (CBCL 6–18) was completed by the participant’s parents. The questionnaire helps to assess the children’s emotional and psychological issues. In addition, their demographic and clinical information was also gathered. The analysis of CBCL scores was performed using independent t-tests. Results: A total of 111 children were recruited, 41 of whom had SLE. Most of the SLE participants were Malay females aged 13–15 who are attending secondary school. Most of them from low socioeconomic status. The findings revealed that the children with SLE scored substantially higher than the healthy children (the control group) on three CBCL subscales. The subscales mentioned are internalising subscale [mean difference of 3.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.30, 5.95] and P = 0.03], withdrawn subscale [mean difference of 1.50, 95% CI [0.42, 2.60] and P = 0.01], and attention problem [mean difference of 2.14, 95% CI [0.35, 3.94] and P = 0.02]. Besides that, SLE participants’ scores on other subscales, including anxiety and somatic, were also considerably higher than the control group, although these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Children with SLE are perceived to have greater psychological problems especially withdrawn and inattentive as indicated by the CBCL scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging adulthood is a critical period of life that represents the first true independence of many college-aged individuals and a period where psychological problems are prevalent. The aim of the present study was to assess the indirect effects of maternal and paternal psychological control on emerging adults' anxiety, depressive, and antisocial personality problems through emotion regulation difficulties, which were examined across emerging adult women and men. Participants included 546 individuals from a large southern United States university who completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Adult Self-Report to assess depressive, anxious, and antisocial personality problems, and the Domains of Young Adult Discipline Scale to measure maternal and paternal psychological control. Results indicated that paternal psychological control had a significant indirect effect on emerging adult women's and men's anxiety, depressive, and antisocial personality problems via emotion regulation difficulties. Maternal psychological control did not indirectly affect men's psychological problems. Conversely, higher levels of mothers' psychological control directly related to higher psychological problems in women and had an indirect effect by means of emotion regulation difficulties. Finally, daily parental contact hours were analyzed by gender and applied to the relevant dyadic discussion as a possible explanation for findings. This study is among the first to examine these relations in the context of emerging adulthood. Limitations and implications are discussed. Highlights: Though the relation between parental psychological control and psychological problems has been studied in children, emerging adults are not represented as well. Maternal psychological control relates significantly to their daughters' anxiety, depressive, and antisocial personality problems. Maternal psychological control did not have a direct or indirect association via emotion regulation difficulties on their sons' psychological problems. Difficulties in emotion regulation were significantly associated with psychological problems in all analyses. Paternal psychological control displayed an indirect association with both genders' psychological problems via emotion regulation difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rising quantity of research designates that adolescents' and students' psychological problems pose a risk to them and society. Research indicates that students frequently utilize Information and Communications Technology (ICT) services to get informed about mental health, and to resolve their psychological problems. A critical and reflective analysis of the scientific literature, and a critical examination and reflective synthesis, theories, and practice on the use of ICTs and digital media for the treatment of psychological problems have been employed in this study. The study identifies gaps in research theory and practice regarding the use of ICTs and digital services for the prevention and treatment of mental health issues among adolescents and the student population. The article proposes ten preliminary criteria for ICT use in the treatment of psychological problems as a direction for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Enuresis is a common disorder in the school-age period, and is often associated with a variety of behavioral, psychological, and social problems. While early studies suggested an association between enuresis and delinquent behavior, there has been no recent research assessing the prevalence of enuresis and its comorbid psychopathology in young offenders. The aim of this study was to therefore assess the prevalence of enuresis and its associated psychiatric comorbidity in incarcerated young offenders. Methods: The prevalence of past and current enuresis and comorbid psychopathology was assessed using a semi-structured psychiatric interview and self-reports from 366 incarcerated male young offenders [age 14 to 19 years (mean age = 16.4)] from Northern Russia. Results: Seventy-three (20.0%) adolescents reported a previous history of enuresis, and in addition almost 10% of the youth reported current enuresis symptoms. Delinquent youth with enuresis did not significantly differ from other youth in the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses when assessed by a clinical diagnostic interview, but had significantly higher levels of self-reported mental health problems, and suicidal ideation and attempts. Conclusion: Problems with enuresis are common among delinquent youth and may be associated with increased mental health problems. Given the potentially increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behavior in young offenders with enuresis, comprehensive mental health screening of those who are detected with this condition should be considered in the juvenile justice system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder primarily affecting children and adolescents. Disorders of the gut–brain interaction (DGBIs) have gained recognition as significant symptoms in individuals with AN. However, limited studies have explored GI symptoms in pediatric populations with AN using age-specific diagnostic tools. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of DGBIs, their associated psychopathological aspects and their potential correlations with ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption among pediatric AN patients. The study included AN patients who were under the care of a specialized multidisciplinary team. We assessed DGBI-related symptoms using the Rome IV Pediatric Diagnostic Questionnaire on Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (R4PDQ) and conducted psychological evaluations. Dietary intake and UPF consumption were evaluated. Among 56 AN patients, we observed a lower prevalence of DGBIs (functional constipation: 61%; functional dyspepsia: 54%; irritable bowel syndrome: 25%) compared to the existing literature. The psychological assessments revealed high rates of depression (72%) and anxiety (70%). UPF consumption was inversely related to depression levels (p = 0.01) but positively correlated with functional constipation (p = 0.046). This study highlights the importance of using age-specific diagnostic tools and emphasizes the crucial role of a specialized multidisciplinary team in the treatment of AN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychological problems of college students are the focus of social concern since they are a group about to set foot in society. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of positive psychology-based literary therapy on college students' happiness. This study adopts a mixed method. Participants did a Subject Well-Being (SWB) questionnaire. Participants were divided into two groups. There are three ways to classify. The first is based on the frequency of keeping a diary, the second is based on gender, and the third is based on grade. Independent sample T-test and likelihood ratio test were used to compare and analyze the experimental group and control group. Some interviews were also conducted in this study. The results of this study are that literary therapy based on positive psychology is effective in improving the happiness of college students. This provides a new way for solving college students' psychological problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological problems are prevalent among adolescents, and previous studies have robustly demonstrated that individual and family factors play a role in the formation and maintenance of these problems. On the other hand, not all adolescents show the same characteristics in terms of these factors and can be categorized into different groups. Identifying this heterogeneity is also important in intervention for psychological problems. Thus, this study aimed to identify patterns of parental attitudes, basic psychological needs, self‐regulation, and alexithymia, using latent class analysis (LCA), and investigated how different patterns of these individual and family factors are associated with psychological problems. Participants included a sample of 331 volunteer Turkish adolescents (140 male [42.3%], 191 female [57.7%]). LCA indicated a two‐class solution fit the current data well and 65% of the participants were classified into the first latent class which was labeled as "positive individual and family context" (PIFC). The PIFC were found to have higher levels of parental sensitivity and autonomy support, need satisfaction and self‐regulation, but lower levels of mother's psychological and behavioral control and father's behavioral control, need frustration, and alexithymia. The second latent class, labeled as "negative individual and family context" (NIFC), included 35% of the adolescents. Adolescents in NIFC had low levels of parental sensitivity, autonomy support, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and self‐regulation, but high levels of mother's psychological and behavioral control, father's behavioral control, frustration of basic psychological needs, and alexithymia. Moreover, after controlling gender and age, adolescents classified in the NIFC displayed significantly higher levels of psychological problems than those classified in the PIFC. These findings support the idea that individual and familial factors interact to affect adolescents' mental health and suggest that clinicians and helping professionals would benefit from including these factors in intervention processes. Practitioner points: Adolescents were assigned to "positive individual and family context" and "negative individual and family context" latent profiles.Adolescents in the "negative individual and family context" profile were characterized by low levels of positive parenting attitudes, psychological need satisfaction, and self‐regulation, but high levels of negative parenting attitudes, psychological need frustration, and alexithymia.Adolescents in the "negative individual and family context" displayed more psychological problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers in India have gone through many hardships. After the lockdown, many construction sites, factories, and workplaces shut down, and innumerable migrant workers faced a loss of income, shortage of food, and uncertain future. This massive change in their living conditions made them vulnerable to psychological problems. Aim: To screen for depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol dependence, and resilience in migrant workers during the COVID-19 crisis. Materials and Methods: Migrant workers at seven camps in the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Maharashtra, were surveyed with the help of the Depression Anxiety Stress (DASS-21) Scale to assess depression, anxiety, and stress levels, AUDIT C for assessing alcohol use disorders, and Connor–Davidson resilience scale short form (CD RISC) for assessing resilience. Results: A total of 1053 migrant workers were surveyed. It showed that 57.54% of workers had depressive symptoms, 64.96% had anxiety symptoms, and 39.32% had subjective stress. Female migrant workers had more severe depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms as compared to males while male workers were more at risk of alcohol use disorder as compared to females. Migrants without family had more symptoms of severe depression and alcohol use disorder as compared to those with family. Regression analysis showed that levels of anxiety were independently associated with female gender, unmarried status, stress, depression, and alcohol use disorder while resilience negatively predicted anxiety in these migrant workers. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers were at risk of depression, anxiety, stress, and alcohol use disorder. Females and migrants without families came out to be more vulnerable to these psychological problems. Hence during the pandemic situation, identifying this vulnerable population and special preventive or therapeutic programs for them can be of crucial importance.

The study's significance lies in the multitude of challenges facing individuals today, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, military conflicts like the war in Ukraine, and the escalating rates of cancer morbidity and mortality. These factors contribute to the onset of anxiety and depressive disorders, disrupting various aspects of individuals' mental functioning and social interactions. Addressing these disorders effectively necessitates a comprehensive approach, combining pharmacological interventions with psychotherapeutic strategies under the guidance of specialized professionals. In this regard, the study is aimed at identifying aspects and features of the development of psychological problems and personality disorders in the modern world filled with various stressors. The leading methods of studying this problem are analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, experiment and systematisation of approaches that will help determine a wide range of mental disorders. Theoretical methods were used to analyze the literature and summarize theoretical material on anxiety and depressive disorders. Diagnostic methods were used to assess the psychological state of the study population. The study examines significant clinical syndromes and vegetative disorders that disrupt normal lifestyle, hinder daily activities, and impede professional growth. It evaluates the roles of psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers in assisting individuals with anxiety disorders. It outlines preventive measures for anxiety and depression, while also delving into various types of anxiety disorders. The research proposes diverse methods to prevent emotional anxiety and instability. It underscores the importance of devising novel strategies for diagnosis and therapy, emphasizing a comprehensive approach involving psychotherapeutic support, medical intervention, and adaptive behavioral techniques. The findings of the study hold both practical and theoretical significance for professionals in psychology, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, and sociology who provide support for individuals with anxiety and depressive disorders. Furthermore, the insights provided may be pertinent to researchers and scholars investigating the psychological well-being of contemporary society amidst adverse external circumstances.

Objective: With this study, it was aimed to determine the reasons and results of young adults who apply with psychological problems in a primary care institution of a university and to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics. Method: The descriptive and retrospective study was conducted in Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Sıhhiye Health Center. All students between the ages of 18-35, who were registered in the specified date range in our study, and who came to a psychologist interview at least 3 times at regular intervals were evaluated. In our study, the data of the patients were collected by examining the data forms recorded by the psychologist. The personal data of the patient was not used in the data form. Results: In the study, 276 applications were evaluated retrospectively. It was observed that 83.3% of the applicants were women, and the mean age was 20.99±2.176. When evaluated in terms of application reasons; it was determined that 35.5% of them applied due to anxiety, stress, obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD] problems, 35.9% of them had communication problems and psychosocial problems. For the treatment of 65.2%, it was decided to follow up with a psychologist [who did not require referral to a psychiatrist]. When the relationship between the outcome of the applications and the reasons for the application is evaluated; 54.8% of mood problems were referred to a psychiatrist and were followed up by a psychologist after the medication was started; it was determined that 51.1% of the patients who applied with communication and psychosocial problems were followed up by a psychologist without the need for referral to a psychiatrist. Conclusion: As a result, university students have high levels of anxiety, stress, OCD problems, communication problems, and psychosocial problems; it was found that women, those living in dormitories and those with a diagnosis of psychiatric illness applied more frequently. Students should be encouraged to benefit from the health centers, which are created for them, where primary care preventive health care is at the forefront.

ObjectivesThis study aims to test the psychometric proprieties of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ) applied to younger (13-16 years) and older (17-20 years) Italian adolescents examining (1) the factorial structure of RFQ; (2) its invariance across age and sex; (3) correlations between RFQ subscale scores, as well as the associations of the RFQ with (4) psychological problems and alexithymia dimensions.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 593 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 20 years old recruited from the community within Italy. These participants completed the RFQ, Symptom Checklist-90, and Toronto Alexithymia Scale.ResultsThe two-factor structure of the RFQ was confirmed. However, higher internal consistency of RFQ was obtained by removing two items that seemed problematic within this sample. Using a six-item version of RFQ, the two-factor structure was invariant across adolescent age and sex. Significant correlations among RFQ subscale scores, and between RFQ subscales with both psychological problems and alexithymia dimensions were found.ConclusionsPreliminary results reveal a short version of RFQ (six-item) is a suitable measure to assess mentalizing in adolescents in the Italian context.

BackgroundEnuresis is a common disorder in the school-age period, and is often associated with a variety of behavioral, psychological, and social problems. While early studies suggested an association between enuresis and delinquent behavior, there has been no recent research assessing the prevalence of enuresis and its comorbid psychopathology in young offenders. The aim of this study was to therefore assess the prevalence of enuresis and its associated psychiatric comorbidity in incarcerated young offenders.MethodsThe prevalence of past and current enuresis and comorbid psychopathology was assessed using a semi-structured psychiatric interview and self-reports from 366 incarcerated male young offenders [age 14 to 19 years (mean age = 16.4)] from Northern Russia.ResultsSeventy-three (20.0%) adolescents reported a previous history of enuresis, and in addition almost 10% of the youth reported current enuresis symptoms. Delinquent youth with enuresis did not significantly differ from other youth in the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses when assessed by a clinical diagnostic interview, but had significantly higher levels of self-reported mental health problems, and suicidal ideation and attempts.ConclusionProblems with enuresis are common among delinquent youth and may be associated with increased mental health problems. Given the potentially increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behavior in young offenders with enuresis, comprehensive mental health screening of those who are detected with this condition should be considered in the juvenile justice system.

Background: In 2023, wildfires led to widespread destruction of property and displacement of residents in Alberta and Nova Scotia, Canada. Previous research suggests that wildfires increase the psychological burden of impacted communities, necessitating population-level interventions. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based text message interventions, Text4HopeAB and Text4HopeNS, were launched in Alberta and Nova Scotia, respectively, during the 2023 wildfire season to support the mental health of impacted individuals. Objectives: The study examines the effectiveness of Text4HopeNS and Text4HopeAB in alleviating psychological symptoms and improving wellbeing among subscribers. Methods: The study involved longitudinal and naturalistic controlled trial designs. The longitudinal study comprised subscribers who completed program surveys at baseline and six weeks post-enrolment, while the naturalistic controlled study compared psychological symptoms in subscribers who had received daily supportive text messages for six weeks (intervention group) and new subscribers who had enrolled in the program during the same period but had not yet received any text messages (control group). The severity of low resilience, poor mental wellbeing, likely Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), likely Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), likely Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation were measured on the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the World Health Organization-5 Wellbeing Index (WHO-5), Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) scale, PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL-C), and the ninth question on the PHQ-9, respectively. The paired and independent sample t-tests were employed in data analysis. Results: The results from the longitudinal study indicated a significant reduction in the mean scores on the PHQ-9 (−12.3%), GAD-7 (−14.8%), and the PCL-C (−5.8%), and an increase in the mean score on the WHO-5, but not on the BRS, from baseline to six weeks. In the naturalistic controlled study, the intervention group had a significantly lower mean score on the PHQ-9 (−30.1%), GAD-7 (−29.4%), PCL-C (−17.5%), and the ninth question on the PHQ-9 (−60.0%) which measures the intensity of suicidal ideation, and an increase in the mean score on the WHO-5 (+24.7%), but not on the BRS, from baseline to six weeks compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggests that the Text4Hope program is an effective intervention for mitigating psychological symptoms in subscribers during wildfires. This CBT-based text messaging program can be adapted to provide effective support for individuals' mental health, especially in the context of traumatic events and adverse experiences such as those induced by climate change. Policymakers and mental health professionals should consider these findings when shaping strategies for future disaster response efforts, emphasizing the value of scalable and culturally sensitive mental health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the psychological impact of quarantine on international travelers during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically focusing on those quarantined in Thailand. While some studies suggest that enforced quarantine does not significantly increase the risk of mental health issues, others report symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts. Loneliness experienced during quarantine can be similar to the emotions felt by stranded travelers. The study found that a significant percentage of participants exhibited depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and thoughts of self-harm or suicide during quarantine. Factors such as gender, occupation, residence in heavily affected areas, and access to reliable internet were associated with these symptoms. The study recommends implementing strategies such as ensuring reliable internet access and raising awareness to support travelers during quarantine, and further research on this topic is encouraged. [Extracted from the article]

One of the important complications related to surgery and anesthesia is cognitive disorders, it is necessary to think about such complications before the surgery and anesthesia and put the necessary preparations on the agenda. Lack of accuracy and lack of awareness of the factors that cause these problems can be the main cause of these problems. The purpose of this review article is to examine the causes and factors that cause cognitive problems around surgery so that by providing solutions, they can be prevented from spreading and appearing after surgery. In this study, various appropriate articles related to the topic were used, which were published between 1990 and 2022 in the field of causes of cognitive problems and prevention strategies. References for this review article are from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were obtained. The authors used keywords including cognitive problems, psychological problems during anesthesia, after anesthesia, and surgery in these sites. In this study, the things that should be considered in anesthesia and surgery to prevent the occurrence of cognitive problems were investigated. These include: the use of neuroprotectants, psychoactive drugs, anticholinergic system, anesthesia depth, pediatrics and occurrence of problems, circadian and sleep disorders, patient privacy, blood sugar, patient's spiritual rituals, hemoglobin, electrolytes, blood pressure, capnography and oxygenation, patient position and posture, emboli, drug interactions, cardiac function, platelet activity, stress and pain, hypothermia and hyperthermia, delay in discharge, ileus and antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With its abrupt and huge health and socio-economic consequences, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a uniquely demanding, intensely stressful, and even traumatic period. Healthcare workers (HCW), especially nurses, were exposed to mental health challenges during those challenging times. Objectives: Review the current literature on mental health problems among nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. Methods: This is a narrative review and critical evaluation of relevant publications. Results: Nurses experienced higher levels of stress, burnout, anxiety, depression, frustration, stigma, and depersonalization compared to other HCW. Factors that increased this symptomatology included concerns about infection or infection of family members, inadequate staff protective equipment, extended working hours, insufficient information, a reduced sense of security, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The factors that improved the psychopathology included a general positive attitude, job satisfaction, adequate information and education, harmonious group relationships, post-traumatic development, emotional intelligence, psychological counseling, mindfulness-based stress reduction, stable leadership, guidance, and moral and practical administrative support. Conclusions: Recent studies clearly show that nurses, especially women, are the most vulnerable subgroup among HCW and are particularly prone to mental health impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic. The documented mental health vulnerability of frontline nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic requires preventive nursing management actions to increase resilience and to develop relevant defense mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental health stigma is a relevant phenomenon with implications for the people who suffer from it. Despite its importance, no studies have been carried out in Spain at national level with a representative sample of the population. Aims: The aim of this research is to analyze the stigma associated with MHPs in a representative sample of the Spanish population for the first time. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive study was carried out with a representative sample of the population (N = 2746). Descriptive analyses and regressions are carried out on the different dimensions of stigma such as attitude, attribution and intention of social distance. Results: Medium levels of stigma are obtained in stigmatizing attitudes and attributions, and medium-low levels in the intention of social distance. The best predictors of stigma in its different dimensions are attitudes, attributions and intention of social distance themselves. Progressive political ideology is related to less stigma in all dimensions. Knowing someone with mental health problems and talking openly about it together with higher education are also relevant protectors. Mixed results are obtained regarding age, gender and help-seeking. Conclusion: National programs and campaigns focused on attitudes, attributions and behavioral intentions are necessary to reduce the stigma still present in Spanish society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People in the deep south region of Thailand have experienced civil unrest since 2004, and widows from the conflict have been severely stressed and faced various psychological problems. This study aims to investigate psychological problems and examine factors affecting the psychological problems among these widows. The psychological problems are post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), complicated grief (CG), and depression. The study's sample consisted of 350 widows who voluntarily participated in the interviews and completed the questionnaires. PTSD symptom scale-interview version assesses posttraumatic stress disorder, and the complicated grief is measured using the inventory of the complicated grief, and the depression is evaluated with the Hamilton rating scale for depression (Thai version). The results indicate that the respondents had a high post-traumatic stress disorder state (M = 21, SD = 13.8), a high complicated grief state (M = 28.56, SD = 19.69), but a low depression state (M = 5.48, SD = 5.70). Thirty-two percent of the samples fulfilled the criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder, 48% for complicated grief, and 26.6% for depression. The factors significantly affecting post-traumatic stress disorder, complicated grief, and depression are low resilience, high external stressors, and the quality of life. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the risk of biases of the sensitive nature of the study. Therefore, to better understand the risks and protective factors of post-traumatic stress disorder, complicated grief, and depression of the bereaved widows, significantly different factors should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peter Muris,1,2 Henry Otgaar1,3 1Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; 2Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; 3Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law and Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumCorrespondence: Peter Muris, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands, Email peter.muris@maastrichtuniversity.nlAbstract: The present review addressed the relationship between two self-related concepts that are assumed to play a role in human resilience and well-being: self-esteem and self-compassion. Besides a theoretical exploration of both concepts, a meta-analysis (k = 76, N = 35,537 participants) was conducted to examine the magnitude of the relation between self-esteem and self-compassion and their links to indices of well-being and psychological problems. The average correlation between self-esteem and self-compassion was strong (r = 0.65, effect size = 0.71), suggesting that – despite some distinct features – the overlap between both self-related constructs is considerable. Self-esteem and self-compassion displayed relations of a similar magnitude to measures of well-being and psychological problems, and both concepts accounted for unique variance in these measures once controlling for their shared variance. Self-esteem and self-compassion can best be seen as complementary concepts and we invite researchers to look more at their joint protective role within a context of well-being and mental health as well as to their additive value in the treatment of people with psychological problems.Keywords: self-esteem, self-compassion, resilience, well-being, psychological problems, interventions