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This volume highlights the importance of diverse voices and perspectives in understanding the history and heritage of psychiatry. Exploring the complex interrelations between psychiatry, heritage and power, Narrating the Heritage of Psychiatry complicates the pervasive biomedical narrative of progress in which the history of psychiatry is usually framed. By examining multiple perspectives, including those of users/survivors of mental health services, the collection sheds light on neglected narratives and aims to broaden our understanding of psychiatric history and current practices. In doing so, it also considers the role of art, activism, and community narratives in reimagining and recontextualizing psychiatric heritage. This volume brings into conversation perspectives from practitioners, patients/users and scholars from the humanities and social sciences.

Jacques Lacan se interesó desde sus comienzos por el problema clínico que el pasaje al acto comporta. Sin embargo, hubo que esperar más de treinta años para que, en su seminario sobre la angustia, produzca y formalice el concepto psicoanalítico que rompe con la tradición psiquiátrica francesa que había hecho de la expresión passage à l'acte una categoría meramente descriptiva, cargada de referencias morales, criminológicas y despojada de valor teórico. Producción laboriosa, sinuosa por momentos, cuyas fases siguen el ritmo con que avanza su enseñanza en psicoanálisis. El rigor de su proceder, tanto en sus apreciaciones clínicas como en su elaboración teórica, hace posible que el psicoanálisis, frente al problema que el pasaje al acto conlleva en esos ámbitos, no naufrague frente a los mismos impasses ante los que fracasó la psiquiatría. Rigor que encuentra, en la construcción de un concepto adecuado de estructura, la distinción de los tres registros y la invención del objeto a, la balsa teórica que evitó el naufragio, el de recaer en clasificaciones imaginarias, puramente fenoménicas, que llevarían al psicoanálisis a diagnósticos descriptivos que lo distancian de la clínica concebida como demostrativa de lo radical del sujeto del inconsciente, inaprehensible por una clasificación. La fascinación que provoca encontrarse en la práctica con el pasaje al acto en su variedad clínica y sus consecuencias ha sido motivación más que suficiente para emprender este estudio. Quizá sea el agujero en lo real que produce lo que convoca a estudiar, leer y finalmente escribir. De allí los interrogantes clínicos, para pensar la práctica y las alternativas, casi nulas a veces, ante las que nos sitúa lo real de nuestra experiencia. Aún así, casi parafraseando a Lacan, avanzar en este estudio conlleva un no retroceder ante lo interpelante del pasaje al acto.

This book offers a general introduction to historical sources in the history of psychiatry, delving into the range of sources that can be used to investigate this dynamic and exciting field.The chapters in this volume deal with physical sources that might be encountered in the archive, such as asylum casebooks, artwork, material artefacts, post-mortem records, more general types of source including medical journals, literature, public enquiries, and key themes within the field such as feminist sources, activist and survivor sources. Offering practical advice and examples for the novice, as well as insightful suggestions for the experienced scholar, the authors provide worked-through examples of how various source types can be used and exploited and reflect productively on the limits and constraints of different kinds of source material. In so doing it presents readers with a comprehensive guide on how to ‘read'such sources to research and write the history of psychiatry.Methodically rigorous, clear and accessible, this is a vital reference for students just starting out within the field through to more experienced scholars experimenting with new and unfamiliar sources in the history of medicine and history of psychiatry more specifically.Chapters 4, 8, 9, 10, and 13 of this book are available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. They have been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

This book was the end product of life experiences, thoughts and intellectual wanderings of the author, who through his career and for the last twenty years was always serving all the three aspects of a Psychiatrist: He is a clinician, a researcher and an academic teacher. The book includes a comprehensive history of Psychiatry since antiquity and until today, with an emphasis not only on main events but also specifically and with much detail and explanations, on the chain of events that led to a particular development. At the center of this work is the question ‘What is mental illness?'and ‘Does free will exist?'. These are questions which tantalize Psychiatrists, neuroscientists, psychologists, philosophers, patients and their families and the sensitive and educated lay persons alike. Thus, the book includes a comprehensive review and systematic elaboration on the definition and the concept of mental illness, a detailed discussion on the issue of free will as well as the state ofthe art of contemporary Psychiatry and the socio-political currents it has provoked.Finally the book includes a description of the academic, social and professional status of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists and a view of future needs and possible developments. A last moment addition was the chapter on conspiracy theories, as a consequence of the experience with the social media and the public response to the COVID-19 outbreak which coincided with the final stage of the preparation of the book. Their study is an excellent opportunity to dig deep into the relation among human psychology, mental health, the society and politics and to swim in intellectually dangerous waters.

La psychiatrie vit son pire déclin, d'une ampleur inégalée depuis ses origines. Les raisons de ce désastre ne relèvent pas seulement d'une actualité socio-économique défavorable, souvent incriminée. Car, de manière beaucoup plus inattendue, elles sont aussi à rechercher dans les soubassements même de l'édifice institutionnel inventé par Philippe Pinel. L'humanisme porté par le « traitement moral » et « l'abolition des chaînes » fut une mythologie qui a forgé un idéal professionnel, mais qui n'est jamais parvenue à s'imposer face à l'option scientifique voulue par son fondateur. Il sera ici mis à jour, dans les plis de son œuvre et de sa personnalité, l'ambiguïté fondamentale qui conduira à ce que la psychiatrie soit aujourd'hui désemparée. Engagée dans une surenchère scientiste, elle ira jusqu'aux portes du transhumanisme, mais pour se confronter à une civilisation du numérique qui refuse cet héritage.

Der Historiker Steffen Dörre hat im Rahmen eines Forschungsauftrags der DGPPN die Geschichte der psychiatrischen Fachgesellschaften in der Bundesrepublik und der DDR aufgearbeitet. Ausgehend von einer umfangreichen Quellenbasis widmet er sich den Nachwirkungen des Nationalsozialismus in der organisierten deutschen Psychiatrie. Die Studie lädt zur innerfachlichen Debatte ein und bietet eine fundierte Grundlage, zu der historischen Verantwortung der Fachgesellschaft informiert Stellung zu beziehen. Sie regt zur Diskussion über moralische Normen in der Psychiatrie an und stellt eine lehrreiche und spannende Lektüre für all jene dar, die sich angesichts aktueller gesellschaftlicher Reformprozesse mit den Erfahrungen der Vergangenheit auseinandersetzen möchten.

La salud mental en general, y la psiquiatría en particular, parecen encontrarse en situaciones de crisis. La situación de muchas personas con problemas de salud mental se reduce, muchas veces, a una etiqueta diagnóstica de sus síntomas, presuntamente derivados de imprecisas alteraciones cerebrales. Pretender ayudar a estas personas mediante la simple exploración de unos síntomas genéricos, y la consecuente aplicación de uno o más fármacos, no puede ser lo que, en términos profesionales y humanos, se ofrezca a la población desde los servicios de salud mental. En el campo de la psiquiatría, se han producido muchos intentos de mejorar la situación de los pacientes, con variables resultados y numerosos vaivenes. Recordar el pasado parece ser una condición necesaria, aunque no suficiente, para tratar de no repetir errores. En este libro, el psiquiatra Marcelino López plantea distintos aspectos del campo de la salud mental, abarcando temas teóricos y operativos, y centrándose en movimientos y tendencias especialmente relevantes. El autor pone de manifiesto la necesidad de ofrecer alternativas a la deficiente situación de las actuales estructuras de atención y al modelo hoy por hoy dominante en la práctica profesional de la psiquiatría.

El encuentro con los nombres de Dios en el islam puede ser hoy de suma importancia. Ocuparse con estos nombres desde una actitud llena de veneración es expresión de una disposición al entendimiento. Y, ¿qué podría ser más necesario hoy que eso? Para el hermano David Steindl-Rast, la riqueza de la existencia comienza cuando descubrimos que, a cada momento, la vida nos es regalada de nuevo en toda su diversidad. En este libro, este místico mundialmente reconocido se aproxima a los «99 bellos nombres», Asma'ul Husna, con los que la tradición islámica circunscribe la esencia de Dios. Tanto los nombres más familiares como los menos conocidos nos invitan a un fascinante viaje de descubrimiento: el que Libera, el que Guarda, el que Abre, el Sutil… En este texto, el autor elucida la significación que adquieren estos atributos divinos en nuestra vida diaria. Los 99 nombres de Dios realiza una indagación poética única sobre un tema espiritual que hasta ahora apenas había recibido atención en el ámbito cristiano. El texto se presenta acompañado de una serie de caligrafías artísticas que han sido creadas expresamente para este libro.

This text critically examines the shortcomings of psychiatry; the flawed development of the diagnostic system, including the DSM-5; and the failure to advance the effectiveness of antipsychotics and antidepressants. Starting with an overview of the evolution of psychiatry, Dean explores the creation, use, and misuse of medications, a process largely driven by drug companies. Other chapters describe the benefits and risks of medications, the problems associated with rational prescribing, and the embrace of so-called novel therapies including hallucinogenic drugs and opioids. Chapters end with a set of clinical notes that provide specific recommendations to clinicians, families, patients, and other providers, emphasizing the risks and benefits of treatment with medications but also stressing alternative approaches.This book will challenge clinicians to think critically about the DSM-5 and the current systems of diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses in the hopes of ultimately improving the lives of people with mental illnesses.

The first comprehensive history of'psychiatry's bible'—the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.Over the past seventy years, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, has evolved from a virtually unknown and little-used pamphlet to an imposing and comprehensive compendium of mental disorder. Its nearly 300 conditions have become the touchstones for the diagnoses that patients receive, students are taught, researchers study, insurers reimburse, and drug companies promote. Although the manual is portrayed as an authoritative corpus of psychiatric knowledge, it is a product of intense political conflicts, dissension, and factionalism. The manual results from struggles among psychiatric researchers and clinicians, different mental health professions, and a variety of patient, familial, feminist, gay, and veterans'interest groups. The DSM is fundamentally a social document that both reflects and shapes the professional, economic, and cultural forces associated with its use.In DSM, Allan V. Horwitz examines how the manual, known colloquially as'psychiatry's bible,'has been at the center of thinking about mental health in the United States since its original publication in 1952. The first book to examine its entire history, this volume draws on both archival sources and the literature on modern psychiatry to show how the history of the DSM is more a story of the growing social importance of psychiatric diagnoses than of increasing knowledge about the nature of mental disorder. Despite attempts to replace it, Horwitz argues that the DSM persists because its diagnostic entities are closely intertwined with too many interests that benefit from them. This comprehensive treatment should appeal to not only specialists but also anyone who is interested in how diagnoses of mental illness have evolved over the past seven decades—from unwanted and often imposed labels to resources that lead to valued mental health treatments and social services.

Realizar a arqueologia do domínio da desrazão e narrar, de forma crítica, as mudanças de estatuto dos loucos na sociedade desde a Idade Média, para explicitar como operam as técnicas de exclusão fazem desta uma obra de atualidade indiscutível. Pois não foi a medicina quem definiu as fronteiras entre a razão e a loucura, embora os médicos tenham se encarregado de vigiar essa fronteira há já dois séculos, afixando-lhe o rótulo'doença mental', indicação que vale como interdição e maldição. Esta edição, revista aumentada do livro, inclui réplica a Jacques Derrida às críticas que este fizera ao seu conteúdo. Ao traçar uma história dos limites'pelos quais uma cultura rejeita algo que será para ela o Exterior', o autor põe em questão a racionalidade e, assim, os próprios fundamentos de nossa época. Crítico da razão ensimesmada e da loucura encarcerada, este clássico da filosofia moderna mantém-se tão vivo quanto a controvérsia que desencadeou.

This book is about the psycho-political visions and programmes in early-twentieth century Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Amidst the political and social unrest that followed the First World War, psychiatrists attempted to use their clinical insights to understand, diagnose, and treat society at large. The book uses a variety of published and unpublished sources to retrace major debates, protagonists, and networks involved in the redrawing of the boundaries of psychiatry's sphere of authority. The book is based on three interconnected case studies: the overt pathologisation of the 1918/19 revolution led by right-wing German psychiatrists; the project of medical expansionism under the label of ‘applied psychiatry'in inter-war Vienna; and the attempt to unite and implement different approaches to psychiatric prophylaxis in the movement for mental hygiene. By exploring these histories, the book also sheds light on the emergence of ideas that still shape the field to the present day and shows the close connection between utopian promises and the worst abuses of psychiatry.

Social Order/Mental Disorder represents a provocative and exciting exploration of social response to madness in England and the United States from the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries. Scull, who is well-known for his previous work in this area, examines a range of issues, including the changing social meanings of madness, the emergence and consolidation of the psychiatric profession, the often troubled relationship between psychiatry and the law, the linkages between sex and madness, and the constitution, character, and collapse of the asylum as our standard response to the problems posed by mental disorder.This book is emphatically not part of the venerable tradition of hagiography that has celebrated psychiatric history as a long struggle in which the steady application of rational-scientific principles has produced irregular but unmistakable evidence of progress toward humane treatments for the mentally ill. In fact, Scull contends that traditional mental hospitals, for much of their existence, resembled cemeteries for the still breathing, medical hubris having at times served to license dangerous, mutilating, even life-threatening experiments on the dead souls confined therein. He argues that only the sociologically blind would deny that psychiatrists are deeply involved in the definition and identification of what constitutes madness in our world – hence, claims that mental illness is a purely naturalistic category, somehow devoid of contamination by the social, are taken to be patently absurd. Scull points out, however, that the commitment to examine psychiatry and its ministrations with a critical eye by no means entails the romantic idea that the problems it deals with are purely the invention of the professional mind, or the Manichean notion that all psychiatric interventions are malevolent and ill-conceived. It is the task of unromantic criticism that is attempted in this book.

A founder of the field of evolutionary medicine uses his decades of experience as a psychiatrist to provide a much-needed new framework for making sense of mental illness.Why do I feel bad? There is real power in understanding our bad feelings. With his classic Why We Get Sick, Dr. Randolph Nesse helped to establish the field of evolutionary medicine. Now he returns with a book that transforms our understanding of mental disorders by exploring a fundamentally new question. Instead of asking why certain people suffer from mental illness, Nesse asks why natural selection has left us all with fragile minds. Drawing on revealing stories from his own clinical practice and insights from evolutionary biology, Nesse shows how negative emotions are useful in certain situations, yet can become overwhelming. Anxiety protects us from harm in the face of danger, but false alarms are inevitable. Low moods prevent us from wasting effort in pursuit of unreachable goals, but they often escalate into pathological depression. Other mental disorders, such as addiction and anorexia, result from the mismatch between modern environment and our ancient human past. And there are good evolutionary reasons for sexual disorders and for why genes for schizophrenia persist. Taken together, these and many more insights help to explain the pervasiveness of human suffering, and show us new paths for relieving it by understanding individuals as individuals.

Die Autoren zeichnen im vorliegenden Band in einem Bogen von 130 Jahren die Entwicklungsgeschichte von der ersten Irrenheilanstalt über die Universitätsnervenklinik bis hin zur aktuellen Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie in Marburg nach. Dabei wird unter einer Verschränkung von neuerer Ideengeschichte und Sozialgeschichte dem Wandel psychiatrischer Konzepte nachgegangen. Modernisierungsbestrebungen oder Reformen einerseits und konservative Beharrungskräfte der Psychiatrie andererseits konnten spannungsgeladen nebeneinander bestehen. Insgesamt zeichnet sich der universitäre Psychiatriestandort durch einen traditionellen Pragmatismus von naturwissenschaftlich-biologischen über psychotherapeutischen bis hin zu philosophischen Ansätzen aus. Das Wechselspiel dieser Kräfte war in Marburg über alle politischen Systemwechsel hinweg prägend. The historical outline of the volume at hand leads through almost 130 years of psychiatric care in asylums as well as clinics at the Philipps-University of Marburg. An entangled intellectual and social history attempt aims at understanding the change of psychiatric conceptualizations within its socio-political ramifications. Progressive movements partly coexisted with reluctant and conservative forces within the discipline which at the same time documents also harsh generational conflicts in the middle of the 19th and in the second half of the 20th century. Marburg and its psychiatric and neurological facilities, however, remained pragmatic in terms of the swing of pendulum between'evidence'based biological psychiatry, psychotherapy or even'philosophically'based medicine.

Im Februar 1917 litt James Loeb unter der bis dahin schwersten manischen Episode seiner Bipolarstörung. Über die Behandlung durch Emil Kraepelin und den Verlauf wurden Krankenberichte angefertigt, die von Antonia von Hirsch kritisch analysiert werden. Dieses einmalige Dokument der „Krankheitsberichte des Herrn J. Loeb“ spiegelt die lege-artis-Behandlung eines hochmanischen Patienten in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jhd. wider. Zudem kann die Autorin anhand dessen und in Zusammenhang mit anderen Textdokumenten erstmals eine Diagnose für James Loeb stellen, dessen eigene Leiderfahrung Anlass zur Stiftung des Forschungsinstituts für Psychiatrie war.​Die Autorin:Antonia von Hirsch hat an der Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität mit dieser Schrift promoviert.

What are the real disease entities in psychiatry? This is a question that has bedeviled the study of the mind for more than a century yet it is low on the research agenda of psychiatry. Basic science issues such as neuroimaging, neurochemistry, and genetics carry the day instead. There is nothing wrong with basic science research, but before studying the role of brain circuits or cerebral chemistry, shouldn't we be able to specify how the various diseases present clinically? Catatonia is a human behavioral syndrome that for almost a century was buried in the poorly designated psychiatric concept of schizophrenia. Its symptoms are well-know, and some of them are serious. Catatonic patients may die as their temperatures accelerate; they become dehydrated because they refuse to drink; they risk inanition because they refuse to eat or move. Autistic children with catatonia may hit themselves repeatedly in the head. We don't really know what catatonia is, in the sense that we know what pneumonia is. But we can identify it, and it is eminently treatable. Clinicians can make these patients better on a reliable basis. There are few other disease entities in psychiatry of which this is true. So why has there been so little psychiatric interest in catatonia? Why is it simply not on the radar of most clinicians? Catatonia actually occurs in a number of other medical illnesses as well, but it is certainly not on the radar of most internists or emergency physicians. In The Madness of Fear, Drs. Shorter and Fink seek to understand why this'vast field of ignorance'exists. In the history of catatonia, they see a remarkable story about how medicine flounders, and then seems to find its way. And it may help doctors, and the public, to recognize catatonia as one of the core illnesses in psychiatry.

Critical Psychiatry outlines the history of a group of thinkers that has come to be known as the anti-psychiatry movement. Though it has been called a movement, the individual thinkers'and authors'ideas were often in conflict but what they share is a critical perspective on psychiatry as a discipline and institutionalised modes of care. The current crisis in mental health services means that it is time to examine once again the key themes of critical psychiatry. The excesses of the 1960s radicalism have meant that these themes - with an emphasis on the individual dignity of all those involved in mental health services - have been lost. These need to be rediscovered as part of a solution to current difficulties but also as the starting point for a new model of service provision. Critical Psychiatry is a history of ideas. It provides a critical evaluation of key thinkers and the application of their work to contemporary mental health service settings.

The Organizational Life of Psychoanalysis is a wide-ranging exploration and examination of the organizational conflicts and dilemmas that have troubled psychoanalysis since its inception. Kenneth Eisold provides a unique, detailed, and closely reasoned account of the systems needed to carry out the tasks of training, quality control, community building, and relationships with the larger professional community. He explores how the freedom to innovate and explore can be sustained in a context where the culture has insisted on certain standards being set and enforced, standards that have little to do with providing effective pathways to cure. Each chapter in this collection addresses a specific dilemma faced by the profession, including: Who is to be in charge of training and who will determine those who succeed the existing leadership? Which theories and practices are to be approved and which proscribed and censored? How is the competition with alternative methods, including psychotherapy informed by psychoanalysis, to be managed? Several chapters are devoted to exploring the reciprocal influence of Freudian psychoanalysis and Jungian Analytical Psychology. Others explore the specific dilemmas and difficulties affecting the field currently, stemming from the massive restructuring of the health care industry and the changes affecting all professions, as they are reshaped into massive organizations no longer marked by personal relationships and individual control.The Organizational Life of Psychoanalysis will be essential reading for psychoanalysts, psychoanalytic psychotherapists, and anyone interested in the future of psychoanalysis as a profession. It will appeal greatly to anyone who has assumed full or partial responsibility for the management of a psychoanalytic institute or association.

The Routledge History of Madness and Mental Health explores the history and historiography of madness from the ancient and medieval worlds to the present day. Global in scope, it includes case studies from Africa, Asia, and South America as well as Europe and North America, drawing together the latest scholarship and source material in this growing field and allowing for fresh comparisons to be made across time and space.Thematically organised and written by leading academics, chapters discuss broad topics such as the representation of madness in literature and the visual arts, the material culture of madness, the perpetual difficulty of creating a classification system for madness and mental health, madness within life histories, the increased globalisation of knowledge and treatment practices, and the persistence of spiritual and supernatural conceptualisations of experiences associated with madness. This volume also examines the challenges involved in analysing primary sources in this area and how key themes such as class, gender, and race have influenced the treatment and diagnosis of madness throughout history.Chronologically and geographically wide-ranging, and providing a fascinating overview of the current state of the field, this is essential reading for all students of the history of madness, mental health, psychiatry, and medicine.

Ausgehend von seiner umfangreichen persönlichen Erfahrung als Psychoanalytiker in der Medizin, Psychiatrie, Psychosomatischen Medizin sowie in der stationären Psychotherapie rekapituliert Paul Janssen im vorliegenden Buch die Geschichte der Institutionalisierung der Psychosomatischen Medizin und Psychotherapie im Kanon der Medizin, an der er selbst unter anderem als Gründungsvorsitzender der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychosomatische Medizin und ärztliche Psychotherapie mitgewirkt hat. Anliegen Janssens ist es dabei, praktizierenden ÄrztInnen und DiplompsychologInnen die Wurzeln des Faches bewusst zu machen. Janssen beschreibt berufs- und fachpolitische Ereignisse und Konflikte der letzen 50 Jahre, schildert Konflikte bei der Anwendung der Psychoanalyse und Gruppenanalyse in der stationären Psychotherapie und Psychiatrie und setzt sich mit der Institutionalisierung der Psychoanalyse und der psychoanalytischen Ausbildung auseinander. Ergänzt wird sein autobiografischer Bericht um Verweise auf gesundheitspolitische Aspekte sowie Kasuistiken und Fallbeispiele.

Reveals the history of the individuals who worked to make psychiatry more available to Harlem's black community in the early Civil Rights Era.Toward the middle of the twentieth century, African Americans in New York City began to receive increased access to mental health care in some facilities within the city's mental health system. This study documents how and why this important change in public health-and in public opinion on race-occurred. Drawing on records from New York's children's courts, Harlem's public schools, Columbia University, and the Department of Hospitals, Dennis Doyle tells here the story of the American psychiatrists and civil servants who helped codify in New York's mental health policies the view that blacks and whites are psychological equals. The book examines in particular the events through which these racial liberals working in Harlem gained a foothold within New York's public institutions, creating inclusive public policies and ostensibly race-neutral standards of care. Psychiatry and Racial Liberalism in Harlem, 1936-1968 not only contributes to the growing body of historiography on race and medical institutions in the civil rights era but, more importantly, shows how inveterate racial prejudices within public policy can be overcome.Dennis A. Doyle is assistant professor of history at the Saint Louis College of Pharmacy.

La práctica psiquiátrica ha sido objeto de controversia desde distintos puntos de vista. La medicina la ha considerado una especialidad rezagada e inaccesible; la psicología la ha acusado de negligencia en el estudio de la vida psíquica normal; la sociología ha señalado su desarrollo descontextualizado y sus efectos discriminadores, y la biología ha contado muy poco con ella para el estudio del funcionamiento del cerebro. Por añadidura, la ideología y la política también la han zarandeado a conveniencia, en ocasiones usando partituras de cierta pobreza intelectual. Son pocas las instancias culturales que no se han pronunciado en algún momento sobre la naturaleza de las alteraciones psiquiátricas, inevitablemente presentes en la historia de la epopeya humana. Los psiquiatras no pueden permanecer callados, por muy exhaustos que estén de tanto discutir con unos y con otros. Es por ello que en este libro, ganador de la primera edición del Premio Staccato de Ensayo en Psiquiatría, se hace un (breve) análisis crítico de la historia de la psiquiatría como especialidad médica, y se propone un desarrollo alternativo, fundamentado en los progresos de la biología, en la incorporación de nuevas áreas de conocimiento biomédico y en una epistemología rigurosa que deje el menor margen posible a la mera opinión.

The book relates the history of post-war psychiatry, focusing on deinstitutionalisation, namely the shift from asylum to community in the second part of the twentieth century.After the Second World War, psychiatry and mental health care were reshaped by deinstitutionalisation. But what exactly was involved in this process? What were the origins of deinstitutionalisation and what did it mean to those who experienced it? What were the ramifications, both positive and negative, of such a fundamental shift in psychiatric care? Post-War Psychiatry in the Western World: Deinstitutionalisation and After seeks to answer these questions by exploring this momentous change in mental health care from 1945 to the present in a wide range of geographical settings. The book articulates a nuanced account of the history of deinstitutionalisation, highlighting the constraints and inconsistencies inherent in treating the mentally ill outside of the asylum, while seeking to inform current debates about how to help the most vulnerable members of society.

Madness: A History is a thorough and accessible account of madness from antiquity to modern times, offering a large-scale yet nuanced picture of mental illness and its varieties in western civilization. The book opens by considering perceptions and experiences of madness starting in Biblical times, Ancient history and Hippocratic medicine to the Age of Enlightenment, before moving on to developments from the late 18th century to the late 20th century and the Cold War era. Petteri Pietikäinen looks at issues such as 18th century asylums, the rise of psychiatry, the history of diagnoses, the experiences of mental health patients, the emergence of neuroses, the impact of eugenics, the development of different treatments, and the late 20th century emergence of anti-psychiatry and the modern malaise of the worried well. The book examines the history of madness at the different levels of micro-, meso- and macro: the social and cultural forces shaping the medical and lay perspectives on madness, the invention and development of diagnoses as well as the theories and treatment methods by physicians, and the patient experiences inside and outside of the mental institution. Drawing extensively from primary records written by psychiatrists and accounts by mental health patients themselves, it also gives readers a thorough grounding in the secondary literature addressing the history of madness. An essential read for all students of the history of mental illness, medicine and society more broadly.

A beautifully illustrated history of the human encounter with unreasonThe loss of reason, a sense of alienation from the commonsense world we all like to imagine we inhabit, the shattering emotional turmoil that seizes hold and won't let go—these are some of the traits we associate with madness. Today, mental disturbance is most commonly viewed through a medical lens, but societies have also sought to make sense of it through religion or the supernatural, or by constructing psychological or social explanations in an effort to tame the demons of unreason. Madness in Civilization traces the long and complex history of this affliction and our attempts to treat it.Beautifully illustrated throughout, Madness in Civilization takes readers from antiquity to today, painting a vivid and often harrowing portrait of the different ways that cultures around the world have interpreted and responded to the seemingly irrational, psychotic, and insane. From the Bible to Sigmund Freud, from exorcism to mesmerism, from Bedlam to Victorian asylums, from the theory of humors to modern pharmacology, the book explores the manifestations and meanings of madness, its challenges and consequences, and our varied responses to it. It also looks at how insanity has haunted the imaginations of artists and writers and describes the profound influence it has had on the arts, from drama, opera, and the novel to drawing, painting, and sculpture.Written by one of the world's preeminent historians of psychiatry, Madness in Civilization is a panoramic history of the human encounter with unreason.

In what will be a tour de force in the field of psychiatry in all its complexity and depth, this important new volume explores the essential paradox of psychiatry—and offers a balanced understanding of its history and development in the medical world. Much is written about psychiatry, but very little that describes psychiatry itself. Why should there be such a need? For good or ill, psychiatry is a polemical battleground, criticized on the one hand as an instrument of social control, while on the other the latest developments in neuroscience are trumpeted as lasting solutions to mental illness.Which of these strikingly contrasting positions should we believe? This is the first attempt in a generation to explain the whole subject of psychiatry. In this deeply thoughtful, descriptive, and sympathetic book, Tom Burns reviews the historical development of psychiatry, throughout alert to where psychiatry helps, and where it is imperfect. What is clear is that mental illnesses are intimately tied to what makes us human in the first place. And the drive to relieve the suffering they cause is even more human.Psychiatry, for all its flaws, currently represents our best attempt to discharge this most human of impulses. It is not something we can just ignore. It is our necessary shadow.

Psychoanalysis and neurological medicine have promoted contrasting and seemingly irreconcilable notions of the modern self. Since Freud, psychoanalysts have relied on the spoken word in a therapeutic practice that has revolutionized our understanding of the mind. Neurologists and neurosurgeons, meanwhile, have used material apparatus—the scalpel, the electrode—to probe the workings of the nervous system, and in so doing have radically reshaped our understanding of the brain. Both operate in vastly different institutional and cultural contexts. Given these differences, it is remarkable that both fields found resources for their development in the same tradition of late nineteenth-century German medicine: neuropsychiatry. In Localization and Its Discontents, Katja Guenther investigates the significance of this common history, drawing on extensive archival research in seven countries, institutional analysis, and close examination of the practical conditions of scientific and clinical work. Her remarkable accomplishment not only reframes the history of psychoanalysis and the neuro disciplines, but also offers us new ways of thinking about their future.

Based on extensive research, this book is a fundamental critique of psychiatry that examines the foundations of psychiatry, refutes its basic tenets, and traces the workings of the industry through medical research and in-depth interviews.

Choice Recommended ReadWhat Psychiatry Left Out of the DSM-5: Historical Mental Disorders Today covers the diagnoses that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) failed to include, along with diagnoses that should not have been included, but were. Psychiatry as a field is over two centuries old and over that time has gathered great wisdom about mental illnesses. Today, much of that knowledge has been ignored and we have diagnoses such as'schizophrenia'and'bipolar disorder'that do not correspond to the diseases found in nature; we have also left out disease labels that on a historical basis may be real. Edward Shorter proposes a history-driven alternative to the DSM.

The inspiration for the PBS series Mysterious of Mental Illness, Shrinks brilliantly tells the'astonishing'story of psychiatry's origins, demise, and redemption (Siddhartha Mukherjee). Psychiatry has come a long way since the days of chaining'lunatics'in cold cells and parading them as freakish marvels before a gaping public.But, as Jeffrey Lieberman, MD, the former president of the American Psychiatric Association, reveals in his extraordinary and eye-opening book, the path to legitimacy for'the black sheep of medicine'has been anything but smooth.In Shrinks, Dr. Lieberman traces the field from its birth as a mystic pseudo-science through its adolescence as a cult of'shrinks'to its late blooming maturity — beginning after World War II — as a science-driven profession that saves lives. With fascinating case studies and portraits of the luminaries of the field — from Sigmund Freud to Eric Kandel — Shrinks is a gripping and illuminating read, and an urgent call-to-arms to dispel the stigma of mental illnesses by treating them as diseases rather than unfortunate states of mind.“A lucid popular history...At once skeptical and triumphalist. It shows just how far psychiatry has come.” —Julia M. Klein, Boston Globe

This collection examines psychiatric medicine in China across the early modern and modern periods. Essays focus on the diagnosis, treatment and cultural implications of madness and mental illness and explore the complex trajectory of the medicalization of the mind in shifting political contexts of Chinese history.

Ninguna enfermedad existe hasta que no se percibe, se nombra y se define. La locura, la transgresión por excelencia, no es una excepción. A lo largo de la historia siempre se ha explicado en función de las creencias, las normas y las ideas dominantes en cada tipo de sociedad; es decir, es la colectividad la que fabrica su significado, la que determina qué conductas son “cuerdas” y cuáles no. Se crea así un proceso con unas dinámicas que, sobrepasando los límites de la medicina, llegan a impregnar los mitos, la filosofía, la religión o el arte. Partiendo de esta concepción de la locura como una construcción socio-cultural, en este libro se describe el origen de muchos de los estigmas que continúan alimentando nuestro imaginario sobre los trastornos mentales. Un recorrido que explora los vínculos que se han establecido entre la locura y la genialidad, la maldad, la sexualidad o la pobreza, para ofrecer una visión de las distintas maneras de comprenderla, y de actuar sobre ella, a través de los siglos. Pero entender qué significa la locura exige una visión amplia que, además, tenga en cuenta el componente eminentemente humano de semejante experiencia, por lo que esta obra es una llamada de atención sobre la necesidad de modular nuestra propia actitud hacia las personas con un diagnóstico psiquiátrico y de superar el estigma que conlleva.

Psychiatry: Past, Present, and Prospect brings together perspectives from a group of highly respected psychiatrists, each with decades of experience in clinical practice. The topics covered range from scientific discoveries of all kinds, advances in treatment, and conceptual breakthroughs. The highlights are countered by the field's negative sides: perennial indecisiveness about the boundaries of psychiatry; the limitations of a narrow approach to human suffering; the retreat from the hope of a de-institutionalised, community-based psychiatry; the divide between biological treatments and psychotherapy; the technical and ethical complexities of psychiatric research; and the low priority given to psychiatry, especially but far from exclusively in less developed countries. The result is a text full of collected wisdom which will promote the curiosity of mental health professionals about key developments in psychiatry over the past half century; sensitize the next generation of mental health professionals to the role they might play in advancing the state of knowledge about mental illness and its treatment during the course of their careers; and serve as a valuable archival resource for scholars. This collection of viewpoints from very experienced leaders in the field of psychiatry will prove fascinating reading for psychiatrists and allied mental health professionals, such as psychologists, psychiatric social workers, psychiatric nurses and occupational therapists, both trained and in training. It will also offer the interested laity a balanced account of psychiatry's evolution since the 1950s, and its likely prospects in the 21st century.

Henri F. Ellenberger, the Swiss medical historian, is best remembered today as the author of The Discovery of the Unconscious (1970), a brilliant, encyclopedic study of psychiatric theory and therapy from primitive times to the mid-twentieth century. However, in addition to this well-known work, Ellenberger has written over thirty essays in the history of the mental sciences. This collection unites fourteen of Ellenberger's most interesting and methodologically innovative historical essays, many of which draw on new and rich bodies of primary materials. Several of the articles appear here in English translation for the first time.The essays deal with subjects such as the intellectual origins of psycho-analysis, the work of the French psychological school of Jean-Martin Charcot and Pierre Janet, the role of the'great patients'in the history of psychiatry, and the cultural history of psychiatry. The publication of these writings, which corresponds with the opening in Paris of the Institut Henri Ellenberger, truly establishes Ellenberger as the founding figure of the historiography of psychiatry. Accompanying the essays are an extensive interpretive introduction and a detailed bibliographical essay by the editor.Originally published in 1993.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The author applies modified versions of pre-modern philosophy (including Aristotle and Aquinas) to psychiatry, arguing that the work of the Aristotelian philosopher, Christian and former Marxist, Alasdair MacIntyre is ideally placed to bring about a transformation of psychiatry from its current captivity to the modern scientific technical paradigm.

In these three volumes, a team of scholars provides a thoughtful history of abnormal psychology, demonstrating how concepts regarding disordered mental states, their causes, and their treatments developed and evolved across the ages.Compiling current thought from some of the best minds in the field, Abnormal Psychology across the Ages provides essays that reflect on multiple dimensions of abnormal behavior. These experts present biological, psychological, social, cultural, and supernatural perspectives throughout human history on a range of disorders, as well as the global influences on scientific thinking. A fascinating read for anyone in the field of abnormal psychology, from undergraduate students to clinicians, counselors, psychologists, and psychiatrists, this three-volume work addresses questions such as: What is'abnormal'psychology and thinking? What are the causes, how have we treated it, and how do we treat it now? And how does the culture of the times affect what we perceive as'abnormality'?

Here translated for the first time are a series of shocking texts from the 19th century German psychiatric literature, which, while almost completely unknown to modern readers, have had a devastating influence on attitudes toward women and children in the 20th century. The articles on the sexual'lies'and sexual'fantasies'of children were seminal, brutal, and still resonate in today's literature, having taken a terrible toll on the intellectual ideas of modern psychiatry. The articles document brutal treatment for masturbation, hysteria, and vaginismus, as well as incidences of the so-called fabricated sexual abuse of'prematurely perverted'children. Though by no means an'easy read,'Masson's collection of these nine articles exposes a point in the history of the practice of psychology that proves ignorance and negative attitudes towards women created a dark science that modern psychiatrists struggle to overcome.

While much has been written on the history of psychiatry, remarkably little has been written about psychiatric collections or curating. Exhibiting Madness in Museums offers a comparative history of independent and institutional collections of psychiatric objects in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United Kingdom. Leading scholars in the field investigate collectors, collections, their display, and the reactions to exhibitions of the history of insanity. Linked to the study of medical museums this work broadens the study of the history of psychiatry by investigating the significance and importance of the role of twentieth-century psychiatric communities in the preservation, interpretation and representation of the history of mental health through the practice of collecting. In remembering the asylum and its different communities in the twentieth century, individuals who lived and worked inside an institution have struggled to preserve the physical character of their world. This collection of essays considers the way that collections of objects from the former psychiatric institution have played a role in constructions of its history. It historicises the very act of collecting, and also examines ethical problems and practices which arise from these activities for curators and exhibitions.

This book offers something new in the history of psychiatry. Within a transnational research framework, it presents original historical case studies and conceptual reflections on comparative and related methodologies. Systematic comparison and transfer studies as well as aspects of entangled history are employed in relation to themes such as different cultural meanings pertaining to the same term; transfer of treatment practices and institutional regimes; localised practices and (re)-emerging forms of patient care; circulation of early anti-psychiatrists'views; impact of war and politics on patients'welfare and on psychiatric discourse; and diversification of psychotherapeutic and physical practices. The book includes chapters on the history and historiography of psychiatry and psychotherapy in different geo-cultural regions in South America, Asia, the Pacific and Europe. The contributors present multilayered interpretations, emphasising commonalities and interconnections as well as contrasts and discontinuities. With its wide-ranging geographical focus and attention to conceptual issues, this collection will assist to integrate and reconfigure the historiography of psychiatry.

From Madness to Mental Health neither glorifies nor denigrates the contributions of psychiatry, clinical psychology, and psychotherapy, but rather considers how mental disorders have historically challenged the ways in which human beings have understood and valued their bodies, minds, and souls. Greg Eghigian has compiled a unique anthology of readings, from ancient times to the present, that includes Hippocrates; Julian of Norwich's Revelations of Divine Love, penned in the 1390s; Dorothea Dix; Aaron T. Beck; Carl Rogers; and others, culled from religious texts, clinical case studies, memoirs, academic lectures, hospital and government records, legal and medical treatises, and art collections. Incorporating historical experiences of medical practitioners and those deemed mentally ill, From Madness to Mental Health also includes an updated bibliography of first-person narratives on mental illness compiled by Gail A. Hornstein.

Most of the prefatory issues are extensively elaborated upon in the Prolegomenon, which also contains the complete references to the texts and authors discussed below. Nevertheless, the “Preface” would be grossly incomplete without touching on some of these issues, books, and scholars. Too, many of this book's chapters (e. g., Mora's, Marx's, D. B. Weiner's) examine and “reference” important earlier, as well as contemporary, general histories of psychiatry and specialized monographs; in German, French, Italian, and Spanish. Also, in his 1968 Short History of Psychiatry, d- cussed below, Ackerknecht (pp. xi–xii) references important nineteenth and earlier-twentieth century psychiatric histories in English, French, and German. Such citations will of course not be repeated here. Finally, thanks to several publishers're-editions of dozens of classical psychiatric texts; one can consult their bibliographies as well. See “Prolegomenon” for references to these splendid series. In a rough-and-ready sense, medical history began in classical Greece—for example, On Ancient Medicine. While traditionally included in the Hippocratic corpus, this text seems more likely to have been written by a non- or even anti-Hippocratic doctor. Moreover, the Hippocratic and other schools were hardly as secular as we now suppose. On Epilepsy, for example, does not so much declare the prevalent denotation of it as the “sacred disease” erroneous as it does that it is no more nor less sacred than any other disease.

'Psychiatry and Empire'brings together scholars in the History of Medicine and Colonialism to explore questions of race, gender and power relations in former colonial states across Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and the Pacific. The volume advances our understanding of the rise of modern psychiatry as it collided with the psychology of colonial rule.

Understanding the history of psychiatry requires an accurate view of its function and purpose. In this provocative new study, Szasz challenges conventional beliefs about psychiatry. He asserts that, in fact, psychiatrists are not concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of bona fide illnesses. Psychiatric tradition, social expectation, and the law make it clear that coercion is the profession's determining characteristic.Psychiatrists may'diagnose'or'treat'people without their consent or even against their clearly expressed wishes, and these involuntary psychiatric interventions are as different as are sexual relations between consenting adults and the sexual violence we call'rape.'But the point is not merely the difference between coerced and consensual psychiatry, but to contrast them. The term'psychiatry'ought to be applied to one or the other, but not both. As long as psychiatrists and society refuse to recognize this, there can be no real psychiatric historiography.The coercive character of psychiatry was more apparent in the past than it is now. Then, insanity was synonymous with unfitness for liberty. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, a new type of psychiatric relationship developed, when people experiencing so-called'nervous symptoms,'sought help. This led to a distinction between two kinds of mental diseases: neuroses and psychoses. Persons who complained about their own behavior were classified as neurotic, whereas persons about whose behavior others complained were classified as psychotic. The legal, medical, psychiatric, and social denial of this simple distinction and its far-reaching implications undergirds the house of cards that is modern psychiatry. Coercion as Cure is the most important book by Szasz since his landmark The Myth of Mental Illness.

This compelling book brings together many of the major papers published by Andrew Scull in the history of psychiatry over the past decade and a half. Examining some of the major substantive debates in the field from the eighteenth century to the present, the historiographic essays provide a critical perspective on such major figures as Michel Foucault, Roy Porter and Edward Shorter.Chapters on psychiatric therapeutics and on the shifting social responses to madness over a period of almost three centuries add to a comprehensive assessment of Anglo-American confrontations with madness in this period, and make the book invaluable for those concerned to understand the psychiatric enterprise.The Insanity of Place/The Place of Insanity will be of interest to students and professionals of the history of medicine and of psychiatry, as well as sociologists concerned with deviance and social control, the sociology of mental illness and the sociology of the professions.

When it was first published in France in 1961 as Folie et Déraison: Histoire de la Folie à l'âge Classique, few had heard of a thirty-four year old philosopher by the name of Michel Foucault. By the time an abridged English edition was published in 1967 as Madness and Civilization, Michel Foucault had shaken the intellectual world. This translation is the first English edition of the complete French texts of the first and second edition, including all prefaces and appendices, some of them unavailable in the existing French edition. History of Madness begins in the Middle Ages with vivid descriptions of the exclusion and confinement of lepers. Why, Foucault asks, when the leper houses were emptied at the end of the Middle Ages, were they turned into places of confinement for the mad? Why, within the space of several months in 1656, was one out of every hundred people in Paris confined?Shifting brilliantly from Descartes and early Enlightenment thought to the founding of the Hôpital Général in Paris and the work of early psychiatrists Philippe Pinel and Samuel Tuke, Foucault focuses throughout, not only on scientific and medical analyses of madness, but also on the philosophical and cultural values attached to the mad. He also urges us to recognize the creative and liberating forces that madness represents, brilliantly drawing on examples from Goya, Nietzsche, Van Gogh and Artaud.The History of Madness is an inspiring and classic work that challenges us to understand madness, reason and power and the forces that shape them.

Offers overviews of various national psychiatric cultures and explores new research subjects.

This is a collection of essays on the history of Psychiatry. Volume I of three, offers works around people and ideas including those of Samuel Johnson, Jon Conolly, Descartes, Freud, Darwin and Hamlet. Most of the papers in these volumes arose from a seminar series on the history of psychiatry and a one-day seminar on the same theme held at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, London, during the academic year 1982-83.