Search

Tumour associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) is a peptide that is a marker for several tumours. TATI may also behave as an acute phase reactant in severe inflammatory disease. Overexpression of TATI predicts an unfavourable outcome for many cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of pre- and postoperative concentration of TATI in serum (S-TATI) of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).S-TATI was determined by time resolved immunofluorometric assay in preoperative and postoperative samples that were collected from 132 RCC patients, who underwent partial or complete nephrectomy in Helsinki University Hospital from May 2005 to July 2010.Preoperative S-TATI was significantly associated with tumour stage, lymph-node involvement, metastatic stage, Chronic Kidney Disease Stage (CKD grade), and preoperative C-reactive protein level (Our data suggest that elevated postoperative S-TATI may be associated with adverse prognosis in RCC patients.

The published data indicate that the bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms) shows a notably low degree of intraspecific variation, and most of the molecular diagnostic methods could differentiate among subspecies groups but lacked the resolution to detect genetic diversity within subspecies. The present study describes effective differentiation of 50 isolates of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus by the PCR MP method using five restriction enzymes (ApaI, PstI, BamHI, XmaI, HindIII). By analysing the electrophoretic patterns obtained by the PCR MP method performed with the applied restriction enzymes, each of the 50 tested isolates could be identified and distinguished from the remaining isolates. The PCR MP method of bacterial strain identification can be used in epidemiological studies, particularly for excluding the isolates of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus as a source of primary infection.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de Ataş Petrol Terminali'nde yağla kirlenmiş yüzey toprağından on dokuz farklı Streptomyces suşu izole edilmiştir. İzolatların seçiminde Biyobozunma ve Restriksiyon Parça Uzunluk Polimorfizmi (RFLP) testleri kullanılmıştır. Streptomyces cinsine ait izolatlar, 16S rDNA analizi ile doğrulanmıştır. 16S rDNA geni amplifikasyonu ve dizilemesi için 1592r, 1492r, 800r, 518f ve 27f primerleri seçilmiştir. Ardından fenotipik, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal özellikleri belirlemek için 93 birimlik karakterler kullanılmıştır. Tüm suşlar Tween 80, kazein, jelatin, hipoksantin, RNA, L-tirozin, elastin'i parçalayabilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, EL039, EL045 ve EL060 toprak izolatlarının, on bir bozunma testine de pozitif sonuç verdiğinden daha iyi bozunma potansiyellerine sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre EL037, EL039, EL060 sırasıyla S. albogriseolus, S. rochei, S. mutabilis'in bir üyesi olabilir ve filogenetik ağaç ve karakterizasyon testleri özellikle EL038, EL045, EL057'nin yeni üye olabileceğini göstermiştir. Streptomyces cinsine aittir. Streptomyces izolatlarının degradasyon enzim potansiyelleri sayesinde biyoteknolojik çalışmalara fayda sağlayacağı kanaatindeyiz., In this study, nineteen different Streptomyces strains were isolated from oil-contaminated surface soil at Ataş Oil Terminal in Turkey. Biodegradation and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism tests (RFLP) were used for selecting isolates. The isolates belonging to the genus Streptomyces were confirmed by 16S rDNA analysis. 1592r, 1492r, 800r, 518f, and 27f primers were chosen for the 16S rDNA gene amplifying and sequencing. Then 93-unit characters were used to determine phenotypic, physiological, and biochemical properties. All strains can degrade Tween 80, casein, gelatin, hypoxanthine, RNA, L-Tyrosine, elastin. Nevertheless, EL039, EL045, and EL060 soil isolates have better degradation potentials because of gave positive results to eleven degradation tests. According to the obtained results, EL037, EL039, EL060 could be a member of S. albogriseolus, S. rochei, S. mutabilis, respectively, and the phylogenetic tree and characterization tests indicated that especially, EL038, EL045, EL057 could be new members of Streptomyces genus. We perceive that the Streptomyces isolates would benefit biotechnological studies thanks to the degradation enzyme potentials.

This study was conducted to determine the polymorphisms of the POU1F1 gene and their relationships with milk yield and components, litter size, birth weight, and weaning weight in goats. For this purpose, a total of 108 Saanen goats from two different farms (Bornova and Manisa) were used as animal materials. Polymorphisms at the exon 6 and the 3′ flanking region of the POU1F1 gene were determined by using PCR-RFLP with PstI and AluI restriction enzymes and DNA sequencing analyses. Two alleles and three genotypes were identified by AluI or PstI digestions of the POU1F1 gene. The genotypes frequencies of TT, TC, and CC were 64.8 %, 31.5 % and 3.7 % for the PstI locus; 54.6 %, 31.5 % and 13.9 % for the AluI locus, respectively. T allele frequencies (0.56 and 0.88 for the AluI locus, 0.80 and 0.81 for the PstI locus, respectively) were predominant in both loci at the Bornova and Manisa farms. In terms of POU1F1-AluI and POU1F1-PstI loci, two populations were found to be in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. In the POU1F1-AluI locus, significant associations were found between genotypes and lactation milk yield and litter size. Similarly, a significant relationship between genotypes and birth weight in the POU1F1-PstI locus (p

This system designed by website-based with service quality method which providing display online questionnaire that can be access by students of PSTI Unram. Students objectively fill the questionnaire, then the result will be displayed on page of Head Master, Lecturer and Operator PSTI Unram. There three ways in testing the application, Black Box, System, and Mean Opinion Score. Black Box shows that all the features run well. System shows the result of the system servqual score calculation is accordance with manual calculation. MOS administred 40 respondence of PSTI Unram Students, the result as much as 4,15. This shows that the system has been done well and accordance with the expected. Concluded that with this system, studens able to give the evaluation towards service provided during teaching and learning process, and PSTI Unram can receive the information about the analysis result of students satisfaction level towards the quality of service given. And for PSTI Unram can improve performance to provide an excellent services in the future.

In this study, the κ-casein (CSN3) and lactoferrin (LTF) genes which were found in association with milk production traits in different animal species were studied firstly in Turkish donkey populations. A total of 108 donkeys from different regions of Turkey were used in order to reveal the different genotypes of CSN3 and LTF genes by using polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing methods. To determine the genetic polymorphism, we attempted to digest a fragment of 235 bp of the CSN3 gene and a fragment of 751 bp of the LTF gene using PstI, and DraII, EagI and MboI restriction enzymes, respectively. Neither the CSN3 gene nor the LTF gene had enzyme recognition sites with the PstI, DraII and MboI restriction enzymes in all of the studied samples. However, the LTF gene was only distinguished with the EagI restriction enzyme. Three genotypes were identified in the LTF gene with the EagI restriction enzyme: GG homozygotes (667, 84 bp), AG heterozygotes (751; 667, 84 bp) and AA homozygotes (751 bp). The transition from guanine to adenine in 89 bp of the LTF gene lacks the restriction site and different genotypes are obtained. This novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been firstly detected in donkeys. According to the results, the G allele was predominant in the LTF-EagI gene in the studied Turkish donkey populations. In this study, all the genotype distributions of LTF-EagI were not found in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P

The objectives of this study were to detect the rice blast resistance gene, Pik, in Thai rice germplasm and to identify their alleles. Rice blast resistance gene specific primers were designed and used to screen for the presence of the Pik resistance gene in 373 Thai rice varieties. The results showed that 29 out of the 373 Thai rice varieties contained the Pik gene. All 29 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were digested by the PstI restriction enzyme. PCR products from 25 rice varieties could be digested by the PstI enzyme, indicating that they contained the Pikp resistance group, which has a narrow disease spectrum. The PCR products from four rice varieties could not be digested by the PstI enzyme, suggesting that they contained the desirable Pikm resistance group, which has a broad disease spectrum. The nucleotide sequences of these four rice varieties in the Pikm resistance group revealed that the Khaw reng rice variety had the Pikm allele and the other three rice varieties had the Piks allele. Khaw reng can be used as an elite resistant donor in conventional and molecular breeding programs for blast disease resistance in Thailand. Keywords: DNA marker, Rice blast fungus, Rice blast disease

It is crucial to detect multiple tumor markers (TMs) for cancer diagnosis. In the study, an endonuclease-linked multiplex immunoassay for TMs detection, with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) as models, was developed using microfluidic chip electrophoresis (MCE) for DNA analysis as platform. Firstly, three endonuclease (EDOs) labels were prepared by labeling secondary antibodies of TMs with EDOs (BamHI, PstI, EcoRI), respectively. Then, the primary antibodies of TMs were co-immobilized on the bottoms of 96-pore plate. Finally, the TMs and labels were simultaneously incubated in the pore to form various sandwich immunocomplexes. The EDOs on them can cut their corresponding DNA substrate strands into half fragments which can be separated and detected by MCE. The signal ratio (Ih/Is) of half fragments (Ih) and substrate (Is) was proportional to logarithm of TMs concentrations from 1 pg mL−1 to 10 ng mL−1 (U mL−1 for CA199) with detection limits of 0.35, 0.3 pg mL−1 for AFP, CEA and 0.36 U mL−1 for CA199. The multiplex immunoassay was successfully employed in human serums. More importantly, based on the signal conversion mode, MCE for DNA analysis can be easily extended to detect many diagnosis markers and has applicable value in clinics.

We previously reported a distinct methylome between the two Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145:H28 strains linked to the 2010 U.S. lettuce-associated outbreak (RM13514) and the 2007 Belgium ice cream-associated outbreak (RM13516), respectively. This difference was thought to be attributed to a prophage encoded type II restriction-modification system (PstI R-M) in RM13514. Here, we characterized this PstI R-M system in comparison to DNA adenine methylase (Dam), a highly conserved enzyme in γ proteobacteria, by functional genomics. Deficiency in Dam led to a differential expression of over 1000 genes in RM13514, whereas deficiency in PstI R-M only impacted a few genes transcriptionally. Dam regulated genes involved in diverse functions, whereas PstI R-M regulated genes mostly encoding transporters and adhesins. Dam regulated a large number of genes located on prophages, pathogenicity islands, and plasmids, including Shiga toxin genes, type III secretion system (TTSS) genes, and enterohemolysin genes. Production of Stx2 in dam mutant was significantly higher than in RM13514, supporting a role of Dam in maintaining lysogeny of Stx2-prophage. However, following mitomycin C treatment, Stx2 in RM13514 was significantly higher than that of dam or PstI R-M deletion mutant, implying that both Dam and PstI R-M contributed to maximum Stx2 production.

Objective Tumour associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) is a peptide that is a marker for several tumours. TATI may also behave as an acute phase reactant in severe inflammatory disease. Overexpression of TATI predicts an unfavourable outcome for many cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of pre- and postoperative concentration of TATI in serum (S-TATI) of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and methods S-TATI was determined by time resolved immunofluorometric assay in preoperative and postoperative samples that were collected from 132 RCC patients, who underwent partial or complete nephrectomy in Helsinki University Hospital from May 2005 to July 2010. Results Preoperative S-TATI was significantly associated with tumour stage, lymph-node involvement, metastatic stage, Chronic Kidney Disease Stage (CKD grade), and preoperative C-reactive protein level (p?

Telomere length is measured using Southern blotting of the chromosomal terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) released by endonuclease digestion in cells from yeast to human. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, XhoI or PstI is applied to cut the subtelomere Y' element and release TRFs from the 17 subtelomeres. However, telomeres from other 15 X-element-only subtelomeres are omitted from analysis. Here, we report a method for measuring all 32 telomeres in S. cerevisiae using the endonuclease MmeI. Based on analyses of the endonuclease cleavage sites, we found that the TRFs generated by MmeI displayed two distinguishable bands in the sizes of ~500 and ~700 bp comprising telomeres (300 bp) and subtelomeres (200-400 bp). The modified MmeI-restricted TRF (mTRF) method recapitulated telomere shortening and lengthening caused by deficiencies of YKu and Rif1 respectively in S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, we found that mTRF was also applicable to telomere length analysis in S. paradoxus strains. These results demonstrate a useful tool for simultaneous detection of telomeres from all chromosomal ends with both X-element-only and Y'-element subtelomeres in S. cerevisiae species.

The focus of the review is on roles of autophagy and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI), an endogenous trypsin inhibitor, in trypsinogen activation in acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis is a disease in which tissues in and around the pancreas are autodigested by pancreatic digestive enzymes. This reaction is triggered by the intrapancreatic activation of trypsinogen. Autophagy causes trypsinogen and cathepsin B, a trypsinogen activator, to colocalize within the autolysosomes. Consequently, if the resultant trypsin activity exceeds the inhibitory activity of PSTI, the pancreatic digestive enzymes are activated, and they cause autodigestion of the acinar cells. Thus, autophagy and PSTI play important roles in the development and suppression of acute pancreatitis, respectively.

Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs during transplantation, mesenteric arterial occlusion, trauma and shock, causing systemic inflammation, multiple organ dysfunction and high mortality. Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI), a serine protease inhibitor expressed in gut mucosa may function as a mucosal protective/repair peptide. We examined whether PSTI affected mesenteric I/R-induced injury. Hypoxia/normoxia (H/N) caused 50% drop in cell viability of AGS, RIE1 and Caco-2 cells but PSTI (10 μg/ml) given prior- or during-hypoxic period improved survival by 50% (p

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and posterior sub-tenon triamcinolone injections (PSTI) on the basis of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) patterns in diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods We retrospectively reviewed 73 eyes of 73 patients with DME. Based on the presence of serous retinal detachment (SRD), eyes were categorized into two groups, and either IVB or PSTI treatment was performed. Central macular thickness (CMT) and the degree of SRD were assessed preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively. The severity of intraretinal edema was approximated based on the distance from the external limiting membrane to the internal limiting membrane. Results In eyes with SRD, reduction of SRD was greater with IVB than with PSTI. Moreover, reduction of intraretinal edema was greater with PSTI than with IVB. In eyes without SRD, PSTI achieved greater CMT reduction, compared with IVB. Conclusions In DME patients with SRD, IVB achieved greater reduction of SRD, compared with PSTI; however, intraretinal edema responded more favorably to PSTI, regardless of the presence of SRD. Our results suggest that the classification of DME based on OCT findings may be useful to predict responses to IVB or PSTI treatments.

Parent skills training interventions (PSTIs) are considered first-line treatment for ADHD. We describe development and effectiveness of a culturally-contextualised PSTI for Indian families.Forty-one families divided into 5 groups, each group with 6-10 families received group PSTI comprising of 10 weekly sessions using multi-point videoconferencing as an adjunct to routine care in the non-randomized pre-post intervention study.Thirty-six families attended more than 3 sessions. RM ANOVA revealed significant improvements in parent-rated measures of inattention (p0.001), hyperactivity/ impulsivity (p = 0.007), conduct problems (p = 0.002), academic performance (p = 0.001) and classroom behavior (p = 0.001). Mixed ANOVA analysis did not reveal significant differences between those who received PSTI with medication and those who received PSTI on any VADPRS domains except depression/ anxiety scores, wherein former group performed better (p = 0.008). More than 60 % parents perceived that PSTI was helpful in increasing awareness, reducing guilt/ blame, improving parent-child relation and decreasing stress. Difficulty in sustaining with the strategies was reported by 50 % of parents.Findings suggest that PSTI is effective and helpful for Indian families dealing with ADHD.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strain RM13514 is a clinical isolate linked to the 2010 romaine lettuce-associated outbreak in the U.S. The genes encoding a type II restriction and modification system, PstI R-M, are located in a prophage genome that is also encoding Shiga toxin. In-frame deletion of the PstI R-M genes or dam, encoding a DNA adenine methylase, in strain RM13514 were generated, resulting in two mutant strains MQC599 and MQC602, respectively. The mutant strain MQC599 exhibited a similar growth rate as the wild-type (WT) strain RM13514 when grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth at 37 °C. In contrast, the growth of mutant strain MQC602 was significantly slower than either RM13514 or MQC599. Genes transcriptionally regulated by the PstI R-M system or by Dam were examined by the RNA-Seq based comparative transcriptomics. The total RNA was extracted from cells of each strain grown in LB broth at exponential and stationary phases. Three biological replicates were collected for each strain. After removal of ribosomal RNA, the mRNAs were converted to cDNAs followed by Illumina sequence library construction. For strains RM13514 and MQC599, six libraires were generated for each, three from the cells in the exponential growth phase and three from the cells in the stationary phase. For strain MQC602, three additional libraries were constructed from the cells in the early exponential growth phase. The resulting 21 libraries were combined in equal amounts and sequenced on an Illumina HighSeq 2000 instrument with the Paired End 100 bp (PE100) read format, generating a total of 45.83 Gbp sequence reads. This set of sequence data is available in the NCBI SRA database under the BioProject accession number PRJNA684587 . This set of transcriptomic data provides information on methylation-mediated epigenetic regulation in STEC, an important foodborne pathogen that is frequently associated with large epidemic outbreaks and can cause life-threatening disease in humans [1] . This set of data will be useful for researchers who are interested in physiology and pathogenicity of foodborne pathogens or in the fundamental mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in bacteria.

İnsülin benzeri büyüme faktörü-I (IGF-I) ve nöropeptid Y (NPY) tavuklarda üreme özellikleri ile ilişkili aday genlerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Ankara Tavukçuluk Araştırma Enstitüsü‘nde yetiştirilen yumurtacı saf hatlarda IGF-I ve NPY genlerindeki polimorfizmlerin PCR-RFLP yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla IGF-I (5' untranslated region) ve NPY genleri için sırasıyla 621 ve 248 bç büyüklüğündeki bantlar çoğaltılmıştır. PCR ürünleri IGF-I ve NPY genleri üzerindeki tek nükleotid polimorfizmlerini (SNP) belirlemek için sırasıyla PstI ve DraI restriksiyon enzimleri ile kesildi. IGF-I geni için Brown ve D-229 dışındaki tüm hatlar polimorfik bulunmuştur. Kahverengi yumurtacı saf hatlarda IGF-I geni için A allelinin frekansı 0,344 (COL) ile 0,906 (RIRII) aralığında değişirken, beyaz yumurtacı saf hatlarda 0,781 (Maroon) ile 1,000 (D-229, Brown) aralığında bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada NPY geni için tüm kahverengi yumurtacı saf hatlar polimorfik iken, beyaz yumurtacı tavuk hatlarında sadece Maroon hattı monomorfik bulunmuştur. NPY geni için T allelinin frekansı kahverengi yumurtacılarda 0,200 (BARI) ile 0,985 (COL), beyaz yumurtacılarda ise 0,397 (D-229) ile 1,000 (Maroon) aralığında değişmiştir. Uygulanan ki-kare testine (χ2) göre polimorfik populasyonlarda Hardy-Weinberg dengesinden sapma gözlenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak Ankara Tavukçuluk Araştırma Enstitüsü‘nde yetiştirilen yumurtacı saf hatlarda IGF-I ve NPY genlerindeki polimorfizmler ilk kez gösterilmiştir.

Background SPINK1 p.N34S gene variation is one of the endogenous factors which seem to be associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP). However, in literature there is no clear agreement regarding its contribution in different ethnicity and CP etiologies. Aim To investigate the role of SPINK1 p.N34S gene variation in CP patients with European origin by means of meta-analysis. Methods Literature search was conducted and case–control studies evaluating Caucasian population, published between May 2007 and May 2015, were included. We also included Caucasian selected studies analyzed in previous meta-analysis. We carried out meta-analysis including all selected studies. After that, we performed two additional meta-analyses considering the incidence of SPINK1 p.N34S gene variation in alcoholic or in idiopathic CP patients vs control group. Results Twenty-five studies were included and the total number of subjects was 8800 (2981 cases and 5819 controls). The presence of p.N34S variation increased nine times the overall CP risk in population of European origin [OR 9.695 (CI 95% 7.931–11.851)]. Also, the contribution of SPINK1 in idiopathic pancreatitis [OR 13.640 (CI 95% 8.858–21.002)] was found to be higher than in alcoholic CP [5.283 (CI 95% 3.449–8.092)]. Conclusion The association between SPINK1 p.N34S gene variation and CP is confirmed. Also, we confirmed that the idiopathic etiology needs a better definition by means of genetic analysis.

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of posterior sub-Tenon’s triamcinolone acetonide injection (PSTI) in conjunction with intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of persistent diabetic macular edema (DME). Patients and methods In a prospective, nonrandomized, interventional study, 30 eyes of phakic diabetic patients were diagnosed with persistent DME after being treated with at least two intravitreal bevacizumab injections. Eyes with a residual central macular thickness more than 300 µm were administered PSTI of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide in conjunction with intravitreal bevacizumab. Best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and foveal thickness were measured. Results Significant improvements in the mean central macular thickness measurements were observed at the 1-month and 3-month follow-up visits. Best-corrected visual acuity improvement in eyes with extrafoveal hard exudates (83.3%) was significant at the follow-up intervals of 1 and 3 months, although it was insignificant in eyes with subfoveal hard exudates (16.7%). Conclusion The combined use of intravitreal bevacizumab and PSTI of triamcinolone acetonide was effective in treating persistent DME.

The present study contributes to a growing line of research exploring the role of post sex communication in building and sustaining romantic relationships. More specifically, this study explores the use of relational maintenance strategies during the post sex time interval (PSTI). One-hundred and fifty-two individuals completed surveys after sexual activity and indicated the relational maintenance strategies they enacted during the PSTI. Results revealed that individuals enact the strategies of positivity and assurances to the greatest degree during the PSTI. Furthermore, extending the post sex disclosures model, results revealed that orgasm predicted differences in the use of assurances during the PSTI and that the strategy of assurances mediated the association between orgasm and several relationship outcomes (i.e., liking, commitment, control mutuality, and satisfaction). These findings suggest that individuals may use the PSTI as a time to reinforce their commitments to their partners, and that such b...

Background: North of Iran is amongst high incidence rate areas of gastric carcinoma where environmental carcinogenic compounds especially agricultural pesticides are massively used. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) enzyme metabolically activates a large number of low molecular mass xenobiotics. The polymorphic nature of cyp2E1 gene control elements is associated with interindividual differences for toxicity of its substrates and may be responsible for increased gastric cancer susceptibility. The current study investigated the allelic frequencies of cyp2E1 gene RsaI/PstI polymorphisms and its association with gastric cancer risk in north of Iran. Materials and Methods: This case-control study comprised of 120 gastric cancer patients and a group of 135 healthy individuals as control. Genotyping of cyp2E1 gene PstI/RsaI polymorphisms were carried out by PCR-RFLP method. Statistical analyzes were performed by Logistic regression model and P

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) and the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Reviews databases were searched through April 2019.Eligibility criteriaWe included case-control or cohort studies investigating an association between NAT2, CYP2E1, GST or SLCO1B1 polymorphisms and the ATDILI risk in patients with tuberculosis.Data extraction and synthesisThree authors screened articles, extracted data and assessed study quality. The strength of association was evaluated for each gene using the pooled OR with a 95% CI based on the fixed-effects or random-effects model. Sensitivity analysis was performed to confirm the reliability and robustness of the results.ResultsFifty-four studies were included in this analysis (n=26 for CYP2E1, n=35 for NAT2, n=19 for GST, n=4 for SLCO1B1). The risk of ATDILI was significantly increased with the following genotypes: CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI c1/c1 (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.83), NAT2 slow acetylator (OR=3.30, 95% CI 2.65 to 4.11) and GSTM1 null (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.52). No significant association with ATDILI was found for the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1 DraI, GSTT1, GSTM1/GSTT1, SLCO1B1 388A>G and SLCO1B1 521T>C (p>0.05).ConclusionsATDILI is more likely to occur in patients with NAT2 slow acetylator genotype, CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI c1/c1 genotype and GSTM1 null genotype. Close monitoring may be warranted for patients with these genotypes.

Aim: The varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox and zoster infections. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of VZV genotypes among Iranian patients. Materials & methods: From 2010 to 2015, 244 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, 45 of whom were positive for VZV DNA. Both direct sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay were performed for 19 positive specimens. SPSS v.20 was used for statistics. Results: The predominant VZV genotype was M1 (84.2%) followed by genotype E (10.5%) and genotype J (5.3%). Restriction fragment length polymorphism demonstrated that 17 strains were PstI+ BglI+ (M1 and/or J genotypes) and 2 were PstI+ BglI- (E genotype). Conclusion: This research is a prelim study on VZV genotyping. Further investigations will help to confirm the VZV genotype prevalence reported here.

BACKGROUNDTumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) was originally isolated from the urine of a patient with ovarian cancer. It was later shown to be produced by many other tumors and several normal tissues. It had earlier been isolated from the pancreas and was hence called pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI). It belongs to a family of protease inhibitors presently called serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type (SPINK). In the SPINK family TATI/PSTI is SPINK1, which is the name used in this review.CONTENTIn addition to being a protease inhibitor, SPINK1 also acts as an acute-phase reactant and a growth factor. Furthermore, it has been shown to modulate apoptosis. Overexpression of SPINK1 predicts an unfavorable outcome in several cancers and determination of SPINK1 in serum can be used to identify patients at increased risk of aggressive disease. Thus serum SPINK1 can be used as a prognostic tumor marker. Because SPINK1 acts as a growth factor and an inhibitor of apoptosis in some cancers, it has also been suggested that it can be a therapeutic target in cancer. However, because SPINK1 is the major physiological inhibitor of trypsin, inhibition of SPINK1 may increase the risk of pancreatitis.SUMMARYTaking into account the many functions of SPINK1, assessing the role of SPINK1 in cancer has several potentially important clinical applications ranging from a biomarker to a potential new target for cancer therapy.

Lakor goat is a domestic animal from Lakor island in South West Maluku Regency. They successfully survive and reproduce with limited water, grass and high temperature. Growth traits is an economic trait which important for breeding strategy (productivity improvement). Pituitary Specific Transcription Factor 1 (POU1F1) is otherwise known as PIT1 gene plays a role of growth and carcass traits. The objective of this study was to identify the POU1F1 gene in Lakor goat from Lakor island in Southwest Maluku Regency. Sixty-three samples of hair tail were collected from three different locations: Ketti Letpey (18), Werwawan Jamluli (26) and Letoda (19). DNA was extracted by DNA isolation kit. POU1FI gene was amplified using PCR technique while genotyping used PCR-RFLP with PstI restriction enzyme. Result showed that only one genotype (TT) was found and monomorphic. It may be caused remote area and limited of ram that indicated inbreeding has occurred. Inbreeding rate or coefficient study and introgression of ram from out of Lakor island by Artificial Insemination (AI) or natural mating is needed.

Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes major economic and public health problems. It is one of the most important diseases in humans and domestic animals. Hence, the exact identification of Brucella spp. is important for strategies of treatment and control. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) is one of the molecular techniques characterized by amplification of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence and restriction enzyme digestion. Objectives: This study aimed at identifying genetic polymorphisms of omp2a genes among 90 Brucella isolated from humans and animals, using the PCR-RFLP method. Methods: Ninety Brucella spp. isolated from humans and animals in two different regions of Iran were used in this study. Biochemical tests and the Brucella omp2a (1100 bp) gene-PCR was used for identification of Brucella isolates. Polymerase Chain Reaction products were digested by restriction endonuclease enzyme pstI and gene sequencing analysis was carried out for molecular typing of Brucella strains. Therefore, genetic relatedness was revealed by a dendrogram. Results: Analysis of the 90 Brucella strains by biochemical tests, PCR, and PCR-RFLP methods with PstI enzyme and omp2a sequencing showed four unique RFLP Profiles (P1-P4). Seventy-nine (87.8%) of the Brucella isolates belonged to B. melitensis strain 20236. From 30 animal isolates, nine (30%) belonged to B. melitensis biovare1 and two (6.6%) to B. abortus strain. According to the RFLP dendrogram, group 1 and 2 had higher genetic relatedness similarity. Conclusions: The results showed B. melitensis strain 20236 was the predominant strain among human and animal Brucella isolates. Likewise, according to dendrogram results, the PCR-RFLP technique was not able to separate human and animal species of B. melitensis from B. abortus.

Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is a key enzyme in the metabolic activation of many carcinogens, but the roles of CYP2E1 polymorphisms in cervical neoplasia (CN) are inconclusive. Published case-control cohort studies from the Pubmed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were retrieved. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Seven studies examining 1097 cases and 1117 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled effect size showed no association between CYP2E1 RsaI and DraI polymorphisms and CN risk in a codominant model. However, using a recessive model, an association between the PstI polymorphism and CN risk was observed (odds ratio: 2.10, 95% confidence interval: 0.96-4.62, P = 0.06), indicating that individuals with the homozygous rare genotype have a higher risk of developing CN compared to those with homozygous wild-type and heterozygous genotypes. When stratified by ethnicity, the PstI polymorphism was significantly correlated with CN susceptibility in non-Asians (odds ratio: 3.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-12.43, P = 0.03). This meta-analysis suggests that the CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism increases the risk of CN in non-Asians.

Polymorphisms in genes encoding P450 cytochrome enzymes may increase the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC). Here we investigated the association between SCRC and CYP2E1 (PstI) and CYP1A1 (MspI) polymorphisms in a case-control study. Moreover, we sought to determine any possible associations between this disease and the sociodemographic factors. We included 273 individuals (74 patients and 199 controls); the gender, age, tobacco usage, and alcohol consumption of the included subjects, and the clinico-histopathological parameters of the tumors, were analyzed. Molecular analyses were performed using PCR-RFLP. The effect of polymorphisms on SCRC development, and the association between this disease and sociodemographic factors were determined by multiple-logistic regression analyses. The combined genotype was also evaluated. Statistically significant differences between the patients and controls regarding the male gender (odds ratio, OR = 0.19, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.08-0.46; P ≤ 0.05) and age ≥44 years (median = 44; OR = 96.84, 95%CI = 21.78-430.49; P ≤ 0.05) were observed. The evaluated polymorphisms were not associated with SCRC (PstI-CYP2E1: OR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.30-2.85; P = 0.897; MspI-CYP1A1: OR = 0.75, 95%CI = 0.35-1.61; P = 0.463); the combined genotypes were not associated with the risk of disease. Thus, individuals aged ≥44 years are more sensitive to SCRC, while men are less susceptible. Additionally, polymorphisms in CYP2E1 (PstI) and CYP1A1 (MspI) were not associated with SCRC in the evaluated Brazilian population.