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This study aimed to elucidate the potential of Pseudomonas species to degrade furfuryl alcohol (FA), a widely used furanic compound. FA-based resins and biopolymers have applications in various sectors, leading to the gradual discharge of FA into the environment through industrial wastewater. The objective was to find an eco-friendly solution for removing FA residues from industrial effluents, thereby eliminating the hazardous effects of FA. Pseudomonas species have emerged as potential bacterial genera for biodegradation of aromatic compounds; therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of Pseudomonas putida MTCC 1194 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 1034 for FA degradation. Significant shifts in the fingerprint regions were observed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, providing evidence of successful FA degradation. A more than 50% reduction in FA content was observed by both strains, even at high concentrations (500 mgl− 1), as determined by spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identified the metabolite as 2-furoic acid (113 m/z). Both bacterial cultures followed substrate inhibition kinetics, and the specific growth rate best fit the Aiba and Haldane models for P. putida and the Haldane and Edwards models for P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, immobilized bacterial cells maintained approximately 50% FA degradation (300 mgl− 1) over five degradation cycles, highlighting their stability and reusability. The phytotoxicity bioassay demonstrated the non-hazardous nature of the metabolites formed after FA biodegradation. These findings underscore the potential of these strains for effective FA bioremediation, paving the way for their use in industrial effluent treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under typical physiological conditions, arginine plays a crucial function in the cell development and proliferation of healthy cells. Arginase has recently caught the attention of numerous researchers as a potential therapy option for auxotrophic cancer. Using standard morphological and biochemical methods, this paper isolates and characterize Arginase producing bacteria from soil compost sites collected from Ogwa community, Edo State, Nigeria. Enzymatic and physicochemical activities were assessed. The species identified to be present include Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtlis. The enzyme was active throughout a wide pH range, from 2 to 12. The optimal pH for the activity was found to be 9, and the ideal temperature was 70 °C. Km values for Arginine and Guanidine hydrochloride were 0.21 mM and 0.25 mM, respectively, in terms of substrates. Studies on the enzyme with different cations showed that the activity of the enzyme was affected by Sn2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Na2+, and K+. This study shows the therapeutically significant arginase enzyme is present in the isolated bacteria from various compost sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudomonas sp. SBMCH11 was newly isolated from maritime soil samples which was identified by morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The isolated Pseudomonas sp. SBMCH11 had significant antibacterial activity against clinical bacterial strains including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Subsequently, high concentrations of antibacterial substances were achieved by optimizing the following parameters: pH (7.0), carbon (1 %), nitrogen sources (casein 0.2 %), NaCl (10 %), and incubation time (120 hrs). Furthermore, the extracted component from the Pseudomonas sp. SBMCH11 was shown to have a significant inhibitory effect on tested clinical pathogens. On the other hand, the extracted compound was confirmed as 2,4 di-tertbutylphenol (2,4 DTBP) by GC–MS with a molecular weight of 206.5 Daltons. Based on these findings, the isolated 2,4 DTBP could be recognized as a promising bioactive molecule for further antibacterial medication development. Compounds identified in the maritime environment from microorganisms, especially Pseudomonas sp. SBMCH11 could be regarded as a potential bio-factory for the synthesis of antibacterial compounds to suppress large numbers of pathogenic bacteria in the natural environment.

Under typical physiological conditions, arginine plays a crucial function in the cell development and proliferation of healthy cells. Arginase has recently caught the attention of numerous researchers as a potential therapy option for auxotrophic cancer. Using standard morphological and biochemical methods, this paper isolates and characterize Arginase producing bacteria from soil compost sites collected from Ogwa community, Edo State, Nigeria. Enzymatic and physicochemical activities were assessed. The species identified to be present include Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtlis. The enzyme was active throughout a wide pH range, from 2 to 12. The optimal pH for the activity was found to be 9, and the ideal temperature was 70 °C. Km values for Arginine and Guanidine hydrochloride were 0.21 mM and 0.25 mM, respectively, in terms of substrates. Studies on the enzyme with different cations showed that the activity of the enzyme was affected by Sn2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Na2+, and K+. This study shows the therapeutically significant arginase enzyme is present in the isolated bacteria from various compost sites.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the wound site infection and the factors that may cause this infection in patients who underwent Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in our hospital. Materials and methods: Our study included patients who underwent PEG between July 2022 and December 2022 in the adult intensive care unit and palliative care center of a secondary state hospital. Demographic data, comorbidities, growth agents and blood tests were recorded. Differences between patients with and without wound site infection were analyzed. Results: A total of 85 patients underwent PEG procedure in our study. Fifty-five (64.71%) of the patients were female. Twenty-two (25.9%) patients developed wound site infection. The most common symptoms were discharge and erythema, and the most common causative agent grown in tissue cultures was pseudomonas species. Patients with wound site infections had lower serum albumin levels, higher serum urea levels and lower age. Conclusion: Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy is a reliable route for enteral nutrition. In our study, there were no significant differences between the results obtained and the complications seen in the literature. PEG infections are thought to be multifactorial. It is a simple, safe, practical, effective method with low infection and other complication rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restoring forests in areas where they once stood is an important step towards increasing carbon sequestration. However, reforestation requires an increase in current levels of seedling production in the tree nurseries. The purpose of this work was to study the effectiveness of preparations based on bacteria and humic substances (HSs) to stimulate the growth of tree seedlings in a nursery. Two selected strains of Pseudomonas and humic substances were used to treat pine and poplar plants. The treatment of seedlings was carried out during their transplantation and after it, and the effects of treatment on shoot elongation, shoot and root mass were evaluated. Treatments with both bacterial strains enhanced the growth of poplar and pine shoots and roots, which was explained by their ability to synthesize auxins. P. protegens DA1.2 proved to be more effective than P. sp. 4CH. The treatment of plants with humic substances increased the nitrogen balance index and the content of chlorophyll in the leaves of poplar seedlings, which can elevate carbon storage due to the higher rate of photosynthesis. In addition, the combination of humic substances with P. protegens DA1.2 increased shoot biomass accumulation in newly transplanted pine plants, which indicates the possibility of using this combination in plant transplantation. The increase in length and weight of shoots and roots serves as an indicator of the improvement in the quality of planting material, which is necessary for successful reforestation to increase capture of carbon dioxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: A recent report indicated that 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-encoding Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibited Arabidopsis germination. The aim of this study was to understand the role of ACC deaminase in germination arrest and evaluate the potential of ACC deaminase-encoding rhizobacteria for grass and weed control. Methods: The effect of ACC deaminase-encoding Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (1 × 107 to 5 × 109 cells/mL) on 'Nipponbare' rice germination was evaluated. In addition, the ability of KT2440 to arrest grass and weed germination was assessed in vitro and in plant-soil system. Results: KT2440 inhibited rice germination at high concentrations (> 1 × 108 cells/mL). The synthesis of the hormone ethylene was downregulated in rice seeds, whereas genes involved in the abscisic acid signaling pathway were upregulated. The mutant KT2440 formed by deleting the ACC deaminase gene had no inhibitory effect. KT2440 also inhibited the germination of crabgrass, quackgrass and Striga asiatica, among other plants studied. Crabgrass germination was reduced by 43% when KT2440 was applied in plant-soil system. Conclusions: This study provides new insights regarding the role of ACC deaminase on rhizobacteria-seed interactions. Additionally, this study reveals a new strategy for grass and weed control that may be used in particular cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas are pathogens in both humans and animals. The most prevalent nosocomial pathogen is P. aeruginosa, particularly strains with elevated antibiotic resistance. In this study, a total of eighteen previously identified Pseudomonas species strains, were isolated from chicken. These strains were screened for biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. In addition, we evaluated clove oil's effectiveness against Pseudomonas isolates as an antibiofilm agent. The results showed that Pseudomonas species isolates were resistant to most antibiotics tested, particularly those from the β-lactamase family. A significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the development of multidrug-resistant isolates and biofilms is too informal. After amplifying the AmpC-plasmid-mediated genes (blaCMY, blaMIR, DHA, and FOX) and biofilm-related genes (psld, rhlA, and pelA) in most of our isolates, PCR confirmed this relationship. Clove oil has a potent antibiofilm effect against Pseudomonas isolates, and may provide a treatment for bacteria that form biofilms and are resistant to antimicrobials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tunneled central venous catheter (tCVCs) is a vascular access frequently employed in hemodialysis patients. Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are potentially life-threatening complications., Methods: We performed a retrospective survey regarding tCVCs prevalence as well as the CRBSI incidence and management within five hospitals in the Brescia province belonging to the "East Lombardy Nephrological Network"; this study was based upon 18 queries regarding the years 2020 and 2021., Results: The data collected refer to an overall hemodialysis population of 736 patients in 2020 and 745 patients in 2021. The prevalence of tCVCs was respectively 22.1% and 24.2% with the initial placement being performed with fluoroscopy support in 80% of the centers. CRBSI incidence was respectively 0.88 and 0.77 episodes per 1000 days of tCVC use. When the CRBI was caused by Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) or Pseudomonas, differently from the recommendation of the KDOQI guidelines, the removal or the substitution of the tCVC did not occur immediately at the time of the diagnosis of the infection but only when the specific antibiotic therapy failed. A nose swab aimed at identifying SA carriers was performed in 60% of centers. The policy regarding the referral to other specialists (infectious disease specialist and microbiologist) was heterogenous across the centers according to their specific logistics., Conclusions: This retrospective survey performed by the "East Lombardy Nephrological Network" within the Brescia province describes the prevalence of tCVCs use as well as the incidence and management of CRBSIs in the hemodialysis patients of this area. The clinical impact of the differences in terms of clinical approach detected compared to the KDOQI guidelines will need to be clarified ideally in prospective studies., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Biosynthesis of sodorifen with a unique C 16 -bicyclo[3.2.1]octene framework requires an S-adenosyl methionine-dependent methyltransferase SodC and terpene cyclase SodD. While bioinformatic analyses reveal a wide distribution of the sodCD genes organization in bacteria, their functional diversity remains largely unknown. Herein, two sodorifen-type gene clusters, pcch and pcau, from Pseudomonas sp. are heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, leading to the discovery of two C 16 terpenoids. Enzymatic synthesis of these compounds is achieved using the two (SodCD-like) pathway-specific enzymes. Enzyme assays using different combinations of methyltransferases and terpene synthases across the pcch, pcau, and sod pathways reveal a unifying biosynthetic mechanism: all three SodC-like enzymes methylate farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) with subsequent cyclization to a common intermediate, pre-sodorifen pyrophosphate. Structural diversification of this joint precursor solely occurs by the subsequently acting individual terpene synthases. Our findings expand basic biosynthetic understanding and structural diversity of unusual C 16 -terpenoids., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: This study was aimed to isolate and identify the biosurfactant producing marine bacteria from petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated sediments by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Methods: Soil sample was enriched with diesel (2%) as the sole source of carbon in minimal salt medium for 3 weeks at 28 °C ± 2. Enriched sample was plated on nutrient agar and the organisms are selected based on the colony morphology. Biosurfactant producing efficiency of the isolates was assessed using blood haemolysis, oil displacement test, microplate assay (drop collapse test) and emulsification activity. Identification of the efficient biosurfactant producing isolate was done by gram staining and biochemical tests. Molecular characterization was done using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Totally seven isolates were selected based on colony morphology and among them, the isolate ADY2b was able to reduce surface tension significantly in the oil displacement test and also formed a stable emulsion. The emulsification index (E24) had shown a promising result of 58.33%. The isolate ADY2b was a motile, gram negative rod shaped bacterium and positive for catalase and oxidase. Sequence alignment of the 16S rRNA of the ADY2b strain and database search revealed 98% similarity to Pseudomonas mendocina by BLAST analysis. Conclusion: Seven bacteria were isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sediments. Strain ADY2b had shown promising results on the production of biosurfactants and it is capable of increasing the bioavailability of poorly soluble petroleum hydrocarbons. The isolate Pseudomonas mendocina ADY2b obtained in the study had potential to be used in oil degradation purposes.

Objectives: Pseudomonas is a Gram-negative bacterial genus with numerous member species. In this study, using whole-genome sequencing, we characterized a novel Pseudomonas sp. strain TUM18999, isolated as a pathogen from a human patient. Methods: The TUM18999 strain was isolated from a patient’s burn wound. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the broth microdilution method. The whole-genome sequence was obtained using Miseq and MinION, and we conducted phylogenetic analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms of the core genome. Results: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed a high ceftazidime MIC (32 mg/L). Moreover, carbapenemase production was confirmed using the modified carbapenem inactivation method. We found that the complete genome of TUM18999 was 6,826,062 bp long, with 6175 coding sequences (CDS) and a DNA G+C content (non-plasmid) of 66.4 mol%. Consistent with the high similarities with the 16S rRNA sequences of P. otitidis MCC10330 (98.6%) and P. alcaligenes NBRC 14159 (99.2%), similarities (

Coffee wastewater contains a high amount of caffeine, which causes adverse effects on the environment. Current treatment strategies focus majorly on overall chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and do not focus on caffeine degradation in wastewater. Though several techniques are available to degrade caffeine, biological methods are preferred as they are economical and eco-friendly. In this study, Pseudomonas strain NCIM 5235 was evaluated for its potential to degrade caffeine in synthetic coffee wastewater. Uninduced cells degraded caffeine completely in 36 h. Sucrose in the medium did not affect caffeine degradation and remain unconsumed by the bacteria. Under optimal cell loading of 10 × 1011 CFU/L, complete degradation of caffeine was achieved in 2 h. Traces of theaflavin and thearubigin were degraded, whereas other polyphenols remain unaffected and were monitored by UV-visible spectrophotometer. Induced cells also displayed the ability of simultaneous degradation of theobromine present in wastewater. Results showed that caffeine degradation is unaffected at adverse pH, indicating its effectiveness in industrial waste treatment where complete reduction of caffeine and its metabolite theobromine can be achieved by induced cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas are pathogens in both humans and animals. The most prevalent nosocomial pathogen is P. aeruginosa, particularly strains with elevated antibiotic resistance. In this study, a total of eighteen previously identified Pseudomonas species strains, were isolated from chicken. These strains were screened for biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. In addition, we evaluated clove oil’s effectiveness against Pseudomonas isolates as an antibiofilm agent. The results showed that Pseudomonas species isolates were resistant to most antibiotics tested, particularly those from the β-lactamase family. A significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the development of multidrug-resistant isolates and biofilms is too informal. After amplifying the AmpC-plasmid-mediated genes (blaCMY, blaMIR, DHA, and FOX) and biofilm-related genes (psld, rhlA, and pelA) in most of our isolates, PCR confirmed this relationship. Clove oil has a potent antibiofilm effect against Pseudomonas isolates, and may provide a treatment for bacteria that form biofilms and are resistant to antimicrobials.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in microbial biotechnology for the production of value-added compounds from renewable resources. Pseudomonas species have been proposed as a suitable workhorse for high-value secondary metabolite production because of their unique characteristics for fast growth on sustainable carbon sources, a clear inherited background, versatile intrinsic metabolism with diverse enzymatic capacities, and their robustness in an extreme environment. It has also been demonstrated that metabolically engineered Pseudomonas strains can produce several industrially valuable aromatic chemicals and natural products such as phenazines, polyhydroxyalkanoates, rhamnolipids, and insecticidal proteins from renewable feedstocks with remarkably high yields suitable for commercial application. In this review, we summarize cell factory construction in Pseudomonas for the biosynthesis of native and non-native bioactive compounds in P. putida, P. chlororaphis, P. aeruginosa, as well as pharmaceutical proteins production by P. fluorescens. Additionally, some novel strategies together with metabolic engineering strategies in order to improve the biosynthetic abilities of Pseudomonas as an ideal chassis are discussed. Finally, we proposed emerging opportunities, challenges, and essential strategies to enable the successful development of Pseudomonas as versatile microbial cell factories for the bioproduction of diverse bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in livestock contributes to emergence of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens co-habiting the gastro-intestinal tract of animals. This study was to determine the Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo-Beta-Lactamase (MBL) production in Pseudomonas species from cattle fecal samples. Cattle dungs were collected from the University of Ibadan Cattle Ranch and the Pseudomonas species isolated using Pseudomonas Base Agar with Pseudomonas CN Selective Supplement were identified using standard tests. Phenotypic detection of ESBL and MBL was by double disk synergy test and Ethylene Di-amine Tetra Acetic Acid Combined Disk Test respectively. Antibiotics susceptibility tests was done using the disc diffusion technique against ten antibiotics. A total of 144 Pseudomonas species were isolated and identified as P. aeruginosa (71.5%), P. fluorescens (19.4%) and P. stutzeri (9.1%) and 19 (37.1%) produced ESBL including P. aeruginosa (15), P. fluorescens (2) and P. stutzeri (2) while, one (6.7%) ESBL P. aeruginosa produced MBL. All the ESBL producers were resistant to cefotaxime and trimethoprim; resistance of P. aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin was 93.3% and to ceftazidime was 80.0%, while it was 13.3% (colistin) and 6.7% (imipenem). The ESBL producing P. fluorescens were resistant to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim, likewise, the ESBL producing P. stutzeri showed resistance to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim. The production of ESBL and MBL observed among the Pseudomonas species in this study with high level of resistance to some antibiotics portend public health risk, hence a need for caution in the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3630802

Tomato bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the devastating soil-borne diseases of tomato plants in Nigeria. We investigated the potentiality of indigenous Pseudomonas species in controlling bacterial wilt of tomato. Seven Pseudomonas species were isolated and identified from the rhizosphere of tomato plants. The isolates were screened for enzyme production, and in vitro antimicrobial activity against pathogenic R. solanacearum using dual plate culture method. The biocontrol and growth-promoting efficacy of the Pseudomonas species were studied in the screenhouse using a completely randomised design. P. aeruginosa, P. syringae and P. fluorescens produced lipase, protease and α-amylase enzymes. All the Pseudomonas isolates except P. aureofaciens inhibited the growth of R. solanacearum. Since the tested species reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt and promoted the growth of the tested tomato genotypes, the indigenous Pseudomonas strain could be used to develop active biocontrol agents of tomato bacterial wilt in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in livestock contributes to emergence of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens co-habiting the gastro-intestinal tract of animals. This study was to determine the Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo-Beta-Lactamase (MBL) production in Pseudomonas species from cattle fecal samples. Cattle dungs were collected from the University of Ibadan Cattle Ranch and the Pseudomonas species isolated using Pseudomonas Base Agar with Pseudomonas CN Selective Supplement were identified using standard tests. Phenotypic detection of ESBL and MBL was by double disk synergy test and Ethylene Di-amine Tetra Acetic Acid Combined Disk Test respectively. Antibiotics susceptibility tests was done using the disc diffusion technique against ten antibiotics. A total of 144 Pseudomonas species were isolated and identified as P. aeruginosa (71.5%), P. fluorescens (19.4%) and P. stutzeri (9.1%) and 19 (37.1%) produced ESBL including P. aeruginosa (15), P. fluorescens (2) and P. stutzeri (2) while, one (6.7%) ESBL P. aeruginosa produced MBL. All the ESBL producers were resistant to cefotaxime and trimethoprim; resistance of P. aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin was 93.3% and to ceftazidime was 80.0%, while it was 13.3% (colistin) and 6.7% (imipenem). The ESBL producing P. fluorescens were resistant to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim, likewise, the ESBL producing P. stutzeri showed resistance to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim. The production of ESBL and MBL observed among the Pseudomonas species in this study with high level of resistance to some antibiotics portend public health risk, hence a need for caution in the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White line-inducing principle (WLIP, 1 ), together with two new cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) WLIPβ ( 2 ) and WLIPγ ( 3 ), were characterized from the supernatant of Pseudomonas canadensis Q3-1 via precursor-directed biosynthesis (PDB) in the current study. They were purified from the supernatant of P. canadensis Q3-1 by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and their structures were mainly determined via bioinformatic analyses, spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques, as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). These WLIPs share ( R )-3-hydroxydecanoic acid (HDA), but they differ from each other in the composition of peptidic sequences. In addition, these CLPs showed biocontrol activities against Phytophthora blight (caused by Phytophthora capsici ) in peppers. Collectively, this study has shown that PDB could be used for generating new CLPs in Pseudomonas spp. Moreover, we have confirmed that WLIP, WLIPβ, and WLIPγ could be used as lead agrochemicals to control Phytophthora blight in peppers.

Graphical abstract Highlights • Production of PHA from synthetic oily bilge water using novel isolates was effective. • Pseudomonas sp. showed high PHA production at a lower substrate concentration. • The maximum PHA production ability of MBC was 81% of its CDM. • Integration of organic removal with PHA production reduces treatment cost of OBW. Abstract Synthetic oily bilge water (OBW) treatment and subsequent production of biopolymer were studied by using a sequential batch reactor (SBR). The effect of various influencing parameters such as solids retention time (SRT), cycle time (CT), substrate concentration, pH level on the organic removal and synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) was examined by novel soil bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated site near Karaikal port, India. The isolates were identified as Pseudomonas tuomuerensis and Pseudomonas nitroreducens using 16S rRNA. Sudan Black B staining was performed to visualize the presence of PHA. The experimental results showed that a decrease in substrate concentration to 5000 mg/L of soluble COD (CODs) showed maximum organic removal (81%) and maximum PHA yields of its cell dry mass (81%). The PHA yield was maximum at SRT of 5 d, pH = 7 and CT of 24 h. The produced PHA was characterized by using FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the difference of the clinical features, bacteremia severity, and outcome of patient with community-onset bacteremic pneumonia between Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and other causative microorganisms, the total 278 adults with community-onset monomicrobial bacteremic pneumonia were studied in a retrospective cohort. Klebsiella (61 patients, 21.9%) and Pseudomonas (22, 7.9%) species was the leading and the fifth common pathogen, respectively. More patients having initial presentation with critical illness (a Pitt bacteremia score ≥ 4) and a fatal comorbidity (McCabe classification) as well as a higher short- (30-day) or long-term (90-day) mortality rate was evidenced in patients infected with Klebsiella or Pseudomonas species, compared to other causative microorganisms. Compared to patients in the Klebsiella group, more frequencies of recent chemotherapy and an initial presentation of febrile neutropenia, and less proportions of diabetes mellitus were disclosed among those in the Pseudomonas group. Of importance, a significantly differential survival curve between Klebsiella or Pseudomonas species and other species during 30-day or 90-day period after bacteremia onset but a similarity of Pseudomonas and Klebsiella species was evidenced, using the Cox-regression after adjusting the independent predictors of 30-day mortality. Conclusively, of pathogens causing community-onset bacteremic pneumonia, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas species should be recognized as the highly virulent pathogens and resulted in poor short- and long-term prognoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biodegradation of furfuryl alcohol (FA) in shake flask experiments using a pure culture of Pseudomonas putida (MTCC 1194) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1034) was studied at 30 °C and pH 7.0. Experiments were performed at different FA concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 mg/l. Before carrying out the biodegradation studies, the bacterial strains were acclimatized to the concentration of 500 mg/l of FA by gradually raising 100 mg/l of FA in each step. The well acclimatized culture of P. putida and P. aeruginosa degraded about 80 and 66% of 50 mg/l FA, respectively. At higher concentration of FA, the percentage of FA degradation decreased. The purpose of this study was to determine the kinetics of biodegradation of FA by measuring biomass growth rates and concentration of FA as a function of time. Substrate inhibition was calculated from experimental growth parameters using the Haldane equation. Data for P. putida were determined as µ = 0.23 h, K = 23.93 mg/l and K = 217.1 mg/l and for P. aeruginosa were determined as µ = 0.13 h, K = 21.3 mg/l and K = 284.9 mg/l. The experimental data were fitted in Haldane, Aiba and Edwards inhibition models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mediastinal lymphadenopathy due to various infective agents such as Mycobacterium and fungus, due to sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and metastasis is often seen. Ordinary bacteria have rarely been reported to cause necrotizing, usually suppurative granulomatous reactions. We report a case of mediastinal lymphadenopathy due to Pseudomonas infection, in a patient of chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis, who presented with fever, breathlessness, and low blood pressure.

Using of biosurfactant producing microorganisms for pipeline cleaning, bioremediation, enhanced oil recovery, etc. is a much soughed approach of petroleum industry. Although, many alternatives are available to serve these purposes, being ecofriendly and economic, microbial application is considered superior than most of the alternatives. This paper presents a comprehensive study on effectiveness of bacterial strain isolated from oil contaminated soil sample of Lakwa oilfield for required purposes. Its temperature sustainability and surfactant production capability was studied. Further characteristics of the produced biosurfactant were assessed through Emulsification Index measurement, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra, Drop Collapse Test, Contact Angle and Viscosity measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed low-temperature cultivation of soil samples in Tokyo, Japan, and isolated 30 bacterial strains that formed colonies at 4°C. All the culture supernatants of these bacteria exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The 16S rDNA sequences of 29 strains showed similarity to that of the Pseudomonas genus, whereas the 16S rDNA sequence of one strain showed similarity to that of the Janthinobacterium genus. We classified the 29 strains into 10 groups according to the 16S rDNA sequence similarities, and performed two phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rDNA and rpoD gene sequences. Four groups formed a unique branch within Pseudomonas species in both phylogenetic analyses. Four other groups were closely related to the Pseudomonas species, but the most closely related species differed between the two phylogenic tree analyses. These results suggest that low-temperature cultivation of temperate soil is effective for isolating new bacterial sources for producing antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze recent epidemiologic trend of adult bacterial meningitis (ABM) in Taiwan. The clinical features, laboratory data and therapeutic outcomes of 157 patients with ABM from 2006–2015 were analyzed. The results were compared with those of our previous two epidemiologic studies of ABM (1st study: 202 cases, January 1986–June 1999; 2nd study: 181 cases, July 1999–December 2005). Of the 157 patients with ABM, 96 were men and 61 women, and 68.2% (107/157) of them had a postneurosurgical state as the underlying condition. Monomicrobial infections and mixed infections were found in 92.4% (145/157) and 7.6% (12/145) of the cases, respectively. Of the implicated pathogens of monomicrobial infections, staphylococcal species were the most common, accounting for 27.6% (40/145) of them and Klebsiella species were the second common accounting for 13.8% (20/145) of them. The other common Gram-negative pathogens were Pseudomonas species and Acinetobacter species, accounting for 10.3% (15/145) and 7.6% (11/145), respectively. The overall mortality rate was 25.5% (40/157), and septic shock and liver cirrhosis were significant prognostic factors. This study revealed a change in the epidemiologic trend of ABM and the study results may offer important information for clinicians managing patients with ABM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial populations which are resistant to antibiotics are an emerging environmental concern with potentially serious implications for public health. Thus, there is a growing concern in exploring the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the environment with no limitations to the factors that contribute to their emergence. The aquatic environment is considered to be a hot-spot for the acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance due to pollution with emerging contaminants derived from anthropogenic activities. In this study, we report on the isolation and characterization of 141 Pseudomonas spp. from aquatic sediments receiving partially (un)treated hospital and communal effluents from three distinct geographical locations: Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), India (IN), and Switzerland (CH). P. putida (42%) and P. aeruginosa (39%) were the dominant Pseudomonas species. The highest frequency of antibiotic resistance against eight anti-pseudomonas agents was found among IN isolates (35–60%), followed by DRC (18–50%) and CH (12–54%). CTX-M was the most frequent β-lactamase found in CH (47% of isolates), while VIM-1 was dominant in isolates from DRC (61%) and IN (29%). NDM-1 was found in 29% of the total IN isolates and surprisingly also in 6% of CH isolates. Chromosomally-encoded efflux mechanisms were overexpressed in P. aeruginosa isolates from all three geographic locations. In vitro conjugative transfers of antibiotic resistance plasmids occurred more frequently under tropical temperatures (30 and 37 °C) than under temperate conditions (10 °C). The presence of Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and Metallo β-lactamases (MBLs) in the isolates from environmental samples has important implications for humans who depend on public water supply and sanitation facilities. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a comparison between treated/untreated effluents from urban and hospital settings as a source of microbial resistance by evaluating the aquatic ecosystems sediments from tropical and temperate climate conditions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistance in aquatic ecosystems sediments receiving untreated/treated wastewater and how these contemporary sources of contamination, contribute to the spread of microbial resistance in the aquatic environment. This research presents also useful tools to evaluate sediment quality in the receiving river/reservoir systems which can be applied to similar environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disinfection of hot water systems is critical in reducing the incidence of disease outbreaks caused by pathogenic bacteria. Electrochemical disinfection (ED) has been identified as an economical, low-maintenance, and chemical-free alternative in the fight against waterborne pathogenic microorganisms. It also provides the residual disinfection needed to inactivate the planktonic bacteria released by the biofilm. The work presented here includes fundamental small-scale laboratory optimization experiments in a flask where platinum-coated electrodes were immersed in 3.5 L of tap water contaminated with Escherichia coli (NCT10418) with an initial population density between 3 × 105 and 1.6 × 105 colony forming units=mL (CFU=mL) or Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (NCTC12821) ranging from 180 to 244 CFU=mL. Voltage, electrode area, interelectrode distance, spiking time, volume of contaminated water, and mixer speed were varied to determine the optimal geometrical and operational requirements needed to kill bacteria. Experimental results indicate ED to be an effective control method, with a >4-log inactivation of E. coli and a >5-log inactivation of Legionella in 10 and 45 min, respectively, at a current density of ≈4 mA=cm2. The findings of the flask experiments were translated into real-world conditions by evaluating the long-term performance of an optimized ED prototype device installed in the hot water recirculation system of a small-size healthcare center building. The results showed that ED is effective at minimizing pathogen contamination of the hot water distribution system from initial values, with total bacteria levels and Pseudomonas species being reduced in all of the samples over a 15-month period following activation of the ED device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The KPC K-SeT immunochromatographic test (Coris BioConcept®, Gembloux, Belgium) has been widely used for detection of KPC in Enterobacteriaceae with reported sensitivities and specificities of 100%. However, to our knowledge, there are no reports of its use in KPC-positive Pseudomonas species. We evaluated the KPC K-SeT test in 36 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae (21 KPC-positive and 15 KPC-negative) and 20 Pseudomonas species (5 KPC-positive and 15 KPC-negative) using conventional PCR for carbapenemase genes as the reference method. The KPC K-SeT test detected 25 out of 26 KPC-positive isolates (96.1%). The undetected isolate was 1 P. aeruginosa bearing the mutation D179Y in the omega loop region of KPC-2 carbapenemase. This mutation was already reported in Enterobacteriaceae as conferring resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam. To our knowledge, this is the first report of evaluation of KPC K-SeT test in KPC-positive P. aeruginosa isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]