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A menippid crab Myomenippe hardwickii (Gray, 1831) was obtained in the macrobenthic collections from Hukitola, a mangrove-associated Bay located south of Bhitarkanika, Odisha, on the east coast of India. Although the crab was reported from the coastal waters adjoining Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal, documentation of the species from Odisha remained elusive until the current study. Therefore, species diagnosis with suitable illustrations and ecological details are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease. Neuropathological hallmarks of AD are amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The biomarkers used in the diagnosis of AD are mostly invasive. Established methods are available to identify biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. β-amyloid (1-42) [Aβ (1-42)], total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (Ptau) are the three biomarkers present in CSF as well as plasma. Increased level of these three biomarkers is associated with AD. These biomarkers in CSF can be measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but measuring these biomarkers in blood need more sensitive and specific assays. Dendritic proteins like neurogranin, synaptosomal associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and synaptotagmin-1 (SYT1) in CSF can also be used as biomarkers as their level is decreased in AD. Neurofilament light (NFL) level (increased) in both CSF and plasma can serve as a biomarker for AD. Collection of CSF by lumbar puncture is a measure drawback which limits its use as a diagnostic tool. Biomarkers in non-invasive samples such as urine, saliva, hair and nail are under development and can be used in near future. Level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and isoprostane in urine, cortisol level in saliva, concentration of trace elements in hair and nail can be used as biomarkers in AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to chronic stress is an important factor of neurodegeneration. Forced swimming test is a common model for chronic stress which needs validation in terms of duration of exposure and correlation of behavioural, histological and anti-oxidant status. Adult wistar albino rats (150-200 g) of both sexes were divided into two groups. Group I treated as control and Group II animals were subjected to forced swimming test for 30 minutes daily. On different days (0, 3,7,15 and 30) effect on behavioural, histological and anti-oxidant status was evaluated. Swimming stress of 30 minutes daily for 15 days significantly (p<0.05) decreased the time of fall in rotarod, locomotor activity in actophotometer, number of correct entries in radial maze, superoxide dismutase (SOD) level and significantly (p<0.05) increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content along with prominent tissue degeneration in brain, heart, liver and kidney. The present study reveals that 30 minutes exposure to forced swimming for 15 days can be a novel model of chronic stress as it results in significant alterations in behavioural, histological and antioxidant status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt was made to evaluate the energy supplements for horses by gas production technique by taking 6 commonly available feeds. In the study NDF% was highest in pearl millet (32.24) and oats (32.07), followed by barley (17.93). ADF ranged from 3.42 (maize grain) to 16.45% (pearl millet); similarly maximum amount of cellulose was in pearl millet (13.90) and minimum in maize (2.88%). ADL content ranged from 0.24 (maize) to 2.98% (oats); and hemicellulos e content was highest in oats (18.27) and pearl millet (15.79). AIA content was lowest in sweet potato tuber, oats, maize, wheat and pearl millet. EE% of DM ranged from 1.73% in pearl millet to 4.03% in maize. Total ash (TA) content was highest in oats (2.83) and lowest in pearl millet (1.97). Starch% of NSC, ranged from 89.80% (wheat) to 99.43% (pearl millet). DE (Mcal/kg) varied from 3.17 (pearl millet) to 3.88 (maize). H owever, the NSC (%DM) was highest in wheat (70.17%) and l owest oats (52.78%). CP% DM varied from 24.36% (sweet potato) to 9.46% (barley). NDICP% of CP ranged from 4.16% (wheat) to 15.72% (maize). ADICP% of CP ranged from 2.05% (wheat) to 6.88% (pearl millet). SOLP % of CP was hig hest in oats (53.03), whereas lowest was in maize (13.88%). However, NPN% of SOLP was maximum in pearl millet grain (98.39%) and minimum in oats grain (20.94). In vitro true dry matter digestibility (%) was highest in sweet potato (83.94%) followed by pearl millet (83.23%), wheat grain (82.04%) and lowest in oats grain (70.44%). IVOMD followed the similar pattern as in IVDMD (%). CH4 production (g/ kg DM incubated) ranged from 6.30 (oats grain) to 12.6 (wheat). Highest methane production (g/kg TDMD and g/kg TOMD) was observed in wheat grain (14.54 and 15.30) and lowest in oats grain (10.10 and 10.62). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keeping horses in mind, six legume and two non legume fodders were evaluated on the basis of CNCPS. The total CHO (%DM) was highest in berseem, moth and groundnut haulm (64.09, 69.1 and 66.81, respectively). CA fraction was highest in mustard (37.42%) and lowest fractions of CB1 and CB2 were found in cowpea straw (6.18%) and mustard (10.59%), whereas, highest fractions of both were found in lucerne (20.96% and 33.29%). The CHO (%DM) of non-legumes ranged from 73.44% (oats) to 70.58% (maize). CB1 fractions (%CHO) ranged from 17.30% (oats) to 22.73% (maize). CB2 fraction (%CHO) ranged from 53.60% in maize to 60.07% (oats). Fraction PA (%CP) was highest in lucerne, groundnut and mustard (17.75, 15.11 and 16.98, respectively) and lowest factions PB2 was found in moth bean straw and groundnut, respectively. PB3 fractions (%CP) were maximum in groundnut haulm (31.80%) and minimum in mustard fodder and lucerne. The PC fraction (%CP) ranged from 8.73% in berseem to 15.21% in groundnut haulm. The PA fraction (%CP) was maximum in maize (25.32%) and minimum in oats (14.19%). The fraction PB1 (%CP) ranged from 7.30% in maize to 25.92% in oats. The PB3 fraction (%CP) was highest in maize (13.09%) and lowest in oats (10.39) and lucerne (15.05 %). The PC fraction (%CP) ranged from 11.12 in oats to 15.47% in maize. In the present study, lucerne can be regarded as superior, as it has higher CP and bypass protein content and lower unavailable protein fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was compare the gas production and digestibility of ten forages, using rumen liquor and equine faecal liquor as the inoculum sources. The forages were lucerne, sewan hay, hedge lucerne, para grass, moth bean fodder, heteropogon, setaria grass, sugarcane tops, groundnut haulm and paddy straw. The forages were first pretreated with pepsin and amylase for 2 hr and 4 hr, respectively before incubating with equine faecal liquor for 48 hr, while the rumen liquor was directly inoculated with forages for 48 hr. The lowest IVDMD% and IVOMD% for both the species were found in case of paddy straw. The highest amount of net gas production (mM/0.2gDM) was observed in groundnut haulm by the rumen liquor, whereas lucerne produced highest net gas by equine faecal liquor and lowest net gas was recorded in hedge lucerne for both the species. Methane produced as percentage of total gas was highest in hedge lucerne in cattle, whereas lucerne produced highest methane in horses. Methane produced (g/kg DM digested) by the rumen liquor inoculation was found to be highest in lucerne and lowest was observed in moth bean straw, whereas, sugarcane tops produced the highest methane and lowest in hedge lucerne by the equine faecal liquor inoculation. The trial revealed that equines can digest low fibrous forages at par with cattle, while high fibrous forages with 90% efficiency of cattle. Moreover, the methane productions by the horses are about 1/ 3rd of that of cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three cases of aortic regurgitation acquired as the result of bacterial endocarditis complicating Fallot's tetralogy and pulmonary atresia have been described. One also had mitral regurgitation from a 'jet lesion' of the anterior cusp of the mitral valve. Surgical treatment of all abnormalities with aortic valve repair or replacement was undertaken in each patient and was successful in two. Difficulties in diagnosis and surgical treatment are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The surgical treatment of cyanotic heart disease in the adult poses some technical difficulties in correcting severe anatomical deformities and compromised physiological states over a wide range of conditions. Various abnormalities and their surgical management have been reviewed. Forty-six patients over the age of 18 years have been operated with 10 operative deaths. Of the survivors, 63% have had excellent clinical result; 69.5% of the total group had an excellent or good result following surgery. It is concluded that the age of the patient is not a bar to the complete repair of these deformities, and all cases of adult cyanotic heart disease should be investigated with a view to surgical correction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

, , 617-623. Since 1966 a conduit of homograft ascending aorta with its valve has been used for reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow. This technique has been applied to 123 operations for pulmonary autograft replacement of the aortic valve, 48 operations for correction of severe Fallot's tetralogy or pulmonary atresia, five operations for truncus arteriosus, two operations for transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect, and six operations for tricuspid atresia or common ventricle. Ease of insertion and satisfactory function have encouraged us in the use of this form of conduit. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]