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Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were raised against porin proteins of encapsulated and unencapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae. Three mAbs, P2-17, P2-18 and P2-19 were found to react with the epitopes of both types of strains. P2-18 reacted to P2 epitopes common to all strains of the pathogen while P2-17 and P2-19 mAbs failed to react with epitopes in 70-100% of the strains screened. The domain of the P2-specific epitope was within the N-terminal region (residues 1 to 14), while the P2-17 and P2-19-specific epitopes were localized between residues 28 and 55, and 101 and 129, respectively.

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This article reviews the literature concerning addiction to benzodiazepine (BZD) in the elderly population of 65 and over. While the negative consequences related to a prolonged use of BZD are well known, much less is known on the phenomenon of dependency to these substances in this population. There is still no consensus on the definition of the problem. The continuous use of BZD may be more problematic in the elderly for whom tolerance to chemical agents diminishes with age. The risk factors involved in the chronic use are an interactive combination between the characteristics of the elderly as well as the physicians who prescribe such medication. Paths of research to support a paradigmatic change are presented in order to improve the research in this field.