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The paper addresses the importance of using aluminum for the production of drill pipes. It also discusses one of the problems associated with the production of drill pipes having a protective thickening (central upset), such as the formation of a "streak delamination" type defect in the protector formation zone. Pipes with internal end and central upsets made of alloy D16T were selected as study objects. The extrusion process was performed under the following two experimental conditions: workpiece metal temperature—440 °C, punch travel speed—1.4 mm/s (option 1) and workpiece metal temperature—4 00 °C, punch travel speed—0.9 mm/s (option 2). It has been experimentally established that lowering the workpiece metal temperature by 40 °C and punch travel speed by 0.5 m/s during the extrusion process promotes the formation of a homogeneous macrostructure. By simulating the described experimental options of the processes, it was found that a 40 °C decrease in the workpiece metal temperature and a 0.5 m/s decrease in the punch travel speed during the extrusion process lead to a 50% reduction in the maximum deformation rate in the deformation zone, and to a 14% reduction in the degree of deformation. By calculating the stress condition parameter in the deformation zone, it became possible to show that performing the process according to option 2 results in a more favorable stress condition of the metal compared to option 1, which could also contribute to the reduction in the number of "streak delamination" type defects in the protector zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key to psychodynamic and psychoanalytic work is an observing ego and the capacity to reflect on conscious and unconscious dynamics. Supervision frequently requires us to think the unthinkable and consider and reflect on material that might be shame inducing or provoke anxiety. However, this requires the ego to allow unconscious thoughts and feelings to surface and not be inhibited by the superego. The superego affects us in many ways. It sometimes acts as a censor determining what can be consciously thought in order to manage anxiety and inhibit unwanted thoughts and affects entering consciousness. It can persecute us with shoulds and oughts but it can also protect through consideration of what is appropriate and ethical. In this paper I explore the impact of the superego on supervisory and clinical work in terms of being a censor, a persecutor and protector. The paper interweaves theory with clinical examples and examines how the superego can inhibit the exploration of clinical material and the development of a reflective and psychodynamic understanding of the client's internal world. In addition I consider how the superego is a factor that ensures good practice and that the work of the clinician is fit for purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message Ectopia cordis is a rare condition with expected low survival rate based on past studies. We encountered a case of a preterm and low birth weight infant with ectopia cordis. When the infant cried, the prolapse of the heart, liver, and intestinal tract worsened. A pressure‐applying protector was used to protect the organs and reduce the prolapse. Upon application, the infant's tachypnea and desaturation worsened. Fluoroscopic examination suggested that the pressure from the prolapsed regions was impeding pulmonary expansion and negatively affecting circulation. It is essential to carefully design a protector that accommodates the infant's growth.

In the letters of St. Ambrose of Milan, one can find many interesting theological topics, including motifs related to angelology. According to the bishop, angels were sent by God. They serve God and people, if only for the reason that man is the most important work of the Creator. Angels play an important role as guardians and protectors of people. Although the angelology contained in the letters of the Bishop of Milan is not one of his key topics, it reveals how he perceived the world of angels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Ectopia cordis is a rare condition with expected low survival rate based on past studies. We encountered a case of a preterm and low birth weight infant with ectopia cordis. When the infant cried, the prolapse of the heart, liver, and intestinal tract worsened. A pressure‐applying protector was used to protect the organs and reduce the prolapse. Upon application, the infant's tachypnea and desaturation worsened. Fluoroscopic examination suggested that the pressure from the prolapsed regions was impeding pulmonary expansion and negatively affecting circulation. It is essential to carefully design a protector that accommodates the infant's growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial secondary metabolites are a valuable source of various molecules that have antibacterial and anticancer activity. In this study, ten endosymbiotic bacteria of aphids, aphid predators and ants were isolated. Bacterial strains were identified according to the 16S rRNA gene. Ethyl acetate fractions of methanol extract (EA-ME) were prepared from each isolated bacterium and tested for their antibacterial activities using the disk diffusion method. The EA-ME of three bacterial species, Planococcus sp., Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterococcus avium, from the pomegranate aphids Aphis punicae, Chrysoperia carnea, and Tapinoma magnum, respectively, exhibited elevated antibacterial activity against one or several of the five pathogenic bacteria tested. The inhibition zones ranged from 10.00 ± 0.13 to 20.00 ± 1.11 mm, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.156 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL. The most notable antibacterial activity was found in the EA-ME of K. aerogenes against Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli, with an MIC value of 0.156 mg/mL. The cytotoxic activity of EA-ME was dependent on the cell line tested. The most significant cytotoxicity effect was observed for extracts of K. aerogenes and E. avium, at 12.5 µg/mL, against the epithelial cells of lung carcinoma (A549), with a cell reduction of 79.4% and 67.2%, respectively. For the EA-ME of K. aerogenes and Pantoea agglomerans at 12.5 µg/mL, 69.4% and 67.8% cell reduction were observed against human colon cancer (Hct116), respectively. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of three EA-ME revealed the presence of several bioactive secondary metabolites that have been reported previously to possess antibacterial and anticancer properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the biological activities of endosymbiotic bacteria in aphids, aphid predators and ants. The promising data presented in this study may pave the way for alternative drugs to overcome the continued emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and find alternative drugs to conventional cancer therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the previous time, unmanned aircrafts (drones) are being used in fields such as agriculture, logistics, and disaster response. Therefore, it is expected as a machine that creates new technologies and services in the 4th Industrial Revolution. In recent years, there has been a demand for the practical application of drones equipped with a fuel cell as a power source, which enables longer-distance flight. However, in order to operate a fuel cell drone, it is necessary to develop a protector that protects the high-pressure hydrogen tank from the impact of a crash. Therefore, the authors focused on carbon fiber as a protector for hydrogen tanks. Then, in this research, protectors for hydrogen tanks with 6 different layers and weaves were manufactured. And collision tests of these protectors were performed. Based on results obtained in collision tests, energy absorption qualities of protectors were compared and evaluated. As a result, it was clarified that the quality of energy absorption varies depending on the specifications, such as the direction of fibers and the presence or absence of plain weave sheets, even in protectors made from carbon fiber. In particular, the authors clarified the following. In the case of the Carbon Fiber Uni Direction (CFUD) sheet, in which the directional angle of the fibers is the same as the directional angle of the wedge-shaped projections or an angle with a small difference (90 degrees or 72 degrees)., the energy absorption of the protector made of this sheet alone is not good. In addition, a composite sheet that combines a CFUD sheet and a plain weave sheet has better energy absorption than a plain weave sheet alone. After clarifying the foregoing, the authors evaluated protectors with a three-stage evaluation test based on the guideline of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. Then, it was confirmed that the "Safety requirements for high-pressure hydrogen gas storage containers (tanks) to be mounted on drones" were satisfied by equipped carbon fiber protectors.

Copyright of Bitig Journal of Turkology Research is the property of Bitig Journal of Turkology Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plants usually keep resistance (R) proteins in a static state under normal conditions to avoid autoimmunity and save energy for growth, but R proteins can be rapidly activated upon perceiving pathogen invasion. Pib , the first cloned blast disease R gene in rice, encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein, mediates resistance to the blast fungal (Magnaporthe oryzae) isolates carrying the avirulence gene AvrPib. However, the molecular mechanisms about how Pib recognizes AvrPib and how it is inactivated and activated remain largely unclear. In this study, through map-based cloning and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we proved that Pib contributes to the blast disease resistance of rice cultivar Yunyin (YY). Furthermore, an SH3 domain-containing protein, SH3P2, was found to associate with Pib mainly at clathrin-coated vesicles in rice cells, via direct binding with the coiled-coil (CC) domain of Pib. Interestingly, overexpression of SH3P2 in YY compromised Pib -mediated resistance to M. oryzae isolates carrying AvrPib and Pib-AvrPib recognition-induced cell death. SH3P2 competitively inhibits the self-association of the Pib CC domain in vitro , suggesting that binding of SH3P2 with Pib undermines its homodimerization. Moreover, SH3P2 can also interact with AvrPib and displays higher affinity to AvrPib than to Pib, which leads to dissociation of SH3P2 from Pib in the presence of AvrPib. Taken together, our results suggest that SH3P2 functions as a "protector" to keep Pib in a static state by direct interaction during normal growth but could be triggered off by the invasion of AvrPib -carrying M. oryzae isolates. Our study reveals a new mechanism about how an NLR protein is inactivated under normal conditions but is activated upon pathogen infection. Plants usually keep resistance (R) proteins in a static state under normal conditions to avoid autoimmunity and save energy for growth, but R proteins can be rapidly activated upon perceiving pathogen invasion. In this study, the authors find that SH3P2, an SH3 domain-containing protein that interacts with both Pib and AvrPib, suppresses effector-triggered, Pib-mediated immunity in rice, revealing a new mechanism in which an NLR protein is inactivated under normal conditions but is activated upon pathogen infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilayer metal composite materials are used in the chemical industry, particularly nuclear power engineering, and enable to increase the robustness and durability of steel structures while reducing their metal consumption. These materials are made of stainless steel, alternating with commercial quality steels, and have increased corrosion resistance, several times greater than the resistance of stainless steel in the material structure. In this work, the structure formation of the transition layer of a layered metal composite material obtained via explosion welding was studied through the transmission electron microscopy method. A high concentration of dislocations in the transition layer was established. After the blast exposition, the material retained its crystalline structure and acquired a directional texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background In Taekwondo competitions, the rule is that points are scored when the impact of the kick reaches a predetermined threshold of strength. This study aimed to explore the adequacy of the protector and scoring system (PSS) designed to determine taekwondo body scoring based on a reference group model (RGM). Specifically, the kicking impact of the PSS was calculated using data from 188 matches fought during of 2018 Jakarta Asian Games. The RGM was designed based on empirical data by classifying the victory and defeat groups by gender and weight class, and the scoring method was set according to these criteria. Result The result of this study are as follows. First, there was no difference in the average impact of kicks of taekwondo players by weight class. Second, result of setting up the kick scoring impact standards of taekwondo PSS by classifying the winning and non-winning groups, the kick scoring impact set by the WT was found to be high in all weight classes except 58 kg. Lastly, result of comparing the settings of impact to score according to weight classes, the kick scoring impact standard set by the WT was higher in heavyweight (men's: under 80 kg, + 80 kg, women's: under 67 kg, over 67 kg) than in the lightweight (men's: under 58 kg, under 63 kg, under 68 kg, women's: under 49 kg, under 53 kg, under 57 kg). Conclusion The kick scoring impact set by the WT was found to be high in all weight classes except for the under 58 kg class defining kick scoring impact based on the standards of WT-certified PSS by classifying the matches into winning and non-winning groups. Finally, as a result of comparing the scoring impact settings according to weight class, the kick scoring impact standard set by the WT was higher for the heavier weight classes than for the lighter weight classes.

The legal figure of the protector has its roots in the Roman Empire; it was taken up by the Christianity associated with the concept of charity and recovered in modern Europe in its triple aspect of guardian, mediator and defender. In the Spanish administration, the figure of the protector of the indians is the best known, thanks to the numerous studies on the legal status of the indigenous. The «Protector of Foreigners», on the other hand, is virtually unknown. This contribution examines its evolution and the practice of protection. It argues that the «Protector of Foreigners» could have contributed to the management of an otherness that moved, in a short time frame, from a reduced peninsular space to a global dimension. The practice of protection, however, was channelled by such a complex, technical list of subsidies, and such a broad set of non-institutionalised social mechanisms, that there was, in fact, an abundance of figures acting as protectors.

The 1620 re-edition of the statutes of Magnifica Patria allows the observation of the dynamics among the Brescia Riviera, the city of Brescia, of whose territory the Riviera was part, and the dominant Venice. Based on an analysis of the documents preserved at the archives of Salò it was possible to reconstruct the process of re-edition and confirmation of the new statutes, both from an institutional point of view and in terms of the underlying informal relations. Two topics emerged from this: protection, the fulcrum of which was the Provveditore sent to Salò, and friendship, the cultural reference of the fundamental informal relations essential for obtaining the confirmation of the statutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The echogram of an ultrasonic pulsed flaw detector with the contact testing technique has been considered as a convolution when a transducer with a protector matching the couplant receives an acoustic pulse emitted by the same transducer through the couplant into the load and reflected from this load and from this transducer. A method is proposed for calculating echograms for products, transducers, and couplants made of any materials with any size of the contact layer, provided that the acoustic impedances of the materials used are known. A method is proposed for compensating interfering reflections for a transducer matched to the couplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays, almost every malware file comes obfuscated and prepacked preferably with an unknown algorithm. Antivirus programs are taught to deal with these kinds of obstacles with the help of signature databases and heuristic engines. AV systems and their tools are professionally and carefully developed by experts; however, they are not flawless either. They tend to react to any threats that are identified by already-known malicious patterns and bad behaviours. Therefore, malware has to evolve and use new methods to pass these defences. In this paper, the internal components of AV programs and well-known packing techniques are briefly explained while in addition they are tested against each other. This work provides an initial insight into the complex subject of antivirus protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The important water conservation area of the Yellow River, as the output area of water conservation service benefit of alpine grassland, provides sustainable water resources for the mainstream of the Yellow River and plays an important role in maintaining the water security of the Yellow River Basin. In order to ensure the continuous output of the benefits of alpine grassland water conservation services, coordinate and resolve the contradictions and conflicts in the protection contribution between regions and protectors, and at the same time provide a basis for the allocation of compensation funds, a cross-regional level-by-level voluntary consultation platform and level had been built, and the related behavior of negotiation and game among stakeholders was analyzed. The results show that the consultation on the contribution of protection should take into account the economic and social development level of administrative units at all levels, the importance of the ecological function and degradation of alpine grasslands, and the actual production and life of the protector; the four-level vertical management and horizontal consultations of watershed, province（region), prefecture（city）and county are established based on a level-by-level voluntary negotiation operation mode. The entire negotiation and integration process is divided into two stages of “from bottom to top” and “from top to bottom”; in order to ensure the efficiency of negotiation, the entire negotiation process is set up through arbitration institutions, with their coercive force, both sides of the negotiation game are constrained to delay time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Taekwondo competitions, the rule is that points are scored when the impact of the kick reaches a predetermined threshold of strength. This study aimed to explore the adequacy of the protector and scoring system (PSS) designed to determine taekwondo body scoring based on a reference group model (RGM). Specifically, the kicking impact of the PSS was calculated using data from 188 matches fought during of 2018 Jakarta Asian Games. The RGM was designed based on empirical data by classifying the victory and defeat groups by gender and weight class, and the scoring method was set according to these criteria. Result: The result of this study are as follows. First, there was no difference in the average impact of kicks of taekwondo players by weight class. Second, result of setting up the kick scoring impact standards of taekwondo PSS by classifying the winning and non-winning groups, the kick scoring impact set by the WT was found to be high in all weight classes except 58 kg. Lastly, result of comparing the settings of impact to score according to weight classes, the kick scoring impact standard set by the WT was higher in heavyweight (men's: under 80 kg, + 80 kg, women's: under 67 kg, over 67 kg) than in the lightweight (men's: under 58 kg, under 63 kg, under 68 kg, women's: under 49 kg, under 53 kg, under 57 kg). Conclusion: The kick scoring impact set by the WT was found to be high in all weight classes except for the under 58 kg class defining kick scoring impact based on the standards of WT-certified PSS by classifying the matches into winning and non-winning groups. Finally, as a result of comparing the scoring impact settings according to weight class, the kick scoring impact standard set by the WT was higher for the heavier weight classes than for the lighter weight classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The system for protector cooling (protective rubber strip) in the tyre industry is presented in this paper. The analysis of compensation of protector compression coefficients influence on the protector length change between two neighbor transporters is done. Also, the compensation of protector compression coefficients influence on all transporters velocities is analyzed. Modelling and simulation of transportation system is performed in Matlab/Simulink.

By inventing initiatory melodrama, by constructing a perfect gaze and by telling different love trajectories (be they perfect or imperfect), Lost embodies two things simultaneously for its spectator. Through the motif of the eye, the series puts us in the contemplative place of Jacob as protector of the series; through the hand, it attempts to make us experience an anamnesis based on great affection and the love we feel for the series’ characters. In the end, the love that the characters feel for one another is also the love they feel for us and that we feel for them.

Liability arising from acts of animals has been raised in human societies from old times. Although some assumptions of this responsibility, which is one of the forms of liability for objects, have been mentioned in certain laws in Iran, it has not been the subject of a separate investigation up to now. Owing to the usage of animals in urban and rural communities, this article, through a comparative approach, aims to study the foundation of liability in Islamic jurisprudence, legal systems of certain Islamic states, and that of France and England. Furthermore, certain examples of the liability arising from acts of animals such as escape and getting lost are not foreseen in Iranian law. Accordingly, through referring to Islamic jurisprudence and comparative law, it is attempted to determine the responsible in these assumptions. The result obtained is that this responsibility is not always based on the fault of the owner or the possessor of the animal and other bases such as absolute responsibility and obligation to safety are governing the civil liability for the acts of animals as well. Additionally, in damages resulting from acts of animals in cities or villages, the documentation on the responsibility of municipality and rural municipality is presented and the suggestion for distributing the responsibility among the responsible individuals "jointly" is offered in some assumptions.

Herein, we used polypyrrole (PPy), a conducting polymer, to decorate on CuWO 4 to boost its photocatalytic activity. Then, the synthesized PPy decorated on CuWO 4 (PPy/CuWO 4) materials were applied to photocatalytically split water to produce hydrogen. The study investigated that the used PPy effectively served as a spring-board (sensitizer) to improve charge (e− and h+) separation of the CuWO 4 photocatalyst. The used PPy also effectively increased Fermi level of these separated e− of the CuWO 4. Thus, the PPy/CuWO 4 generated large available and strong charges, which effectively split water to generate hydrogen. The optimal PPy decorating content for the highest water splitting efficiency is shown to be 4 wt%. Above the optimal decorating content, these excess PPy covered more CuWO 4 surface preventing incident irradiation reaching to the material leading to decrease in photocatalytic efficiency. The H 2 generation from photocatalytic water splitting by the 4PPy/CuWO 4 were 365 (μmol. g−1cat. h−1). It is further observed that the used PPy, which completely covered the CuWO 4 particles, effectively assisted charge transfer for their rapid travel to the polymer surface. Thus, the used PPy successfully prevented contact between charges and CuWO 4 to protect the material from self-photocorrosion through water splitting process. Image 1 • Successfully decorated PPy on CuWO 4 to enhance its photocatalytic performance. • PPy effectively served as a sensitizer to improve charge separation of the CuWO 4. • PPy also effectively increased Fermi level of these separated e- of the CuWO 4. • PPy/CuWO 4 exhibited novel photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production. • Optimal PPy decorating content for the highest water splitting efficiency was 4 wt%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As displacement and forced migration continue to exhibit global growth trends, new and surviving generations of children are being born and spending their formative years in host countries. Refugee children who have not been exposed to traumatic events may still be at risk for adverse developmental and mental health outcomes via intergenerational trauma transmission. Objective: To identify and synthesize potential mechanisms of intergenerational trauma transmission in forcibly displaced families where parents have experienced direct war-related trauma exposure, but children have no history of direct trauma exposure. Methods: PRISMA systematic review guidelines were adhered to. Searches were conducted across seven major databases and included quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods literature from 1945 to 2019. The search resulted in 752 citations and 8 studies (n = 1,684) met review inclusion criteria. Results: Findings suggest that parental trauma exposure and trauma sequelae indirectly affect child well-being via potential mechanisms of insecure attachment; maladaptive parenting styles; diminished parental emotional availability; decreased family functioning; accumulation of family stressors; dysfunctional intra-family communication styles and severity of parental symptomology. Conclusion: Further research is needed to assess independent intergenerational effects and mechanisms of trauma transmission in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease with the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the motor cortex and lower motor neurons in the spinal cord and the brain stem. The etiology and pathogenesis of ALS are being actively studied, but there is still no single concept. The study of ALS risk factors can help to understand the mechanism of this disease development and, possibly, slow down the rate of its progression in patients and also reduce the risk of its development in people with a predisposition toward familial ALS. The interest of researchers and clinicians in the protective role of nutrients in the development of ALS has been increasing in recent years. However, the role of some of them is not well-understood or disputed. The objective of this review is to analyze studies on the role of nutrients as environmental factors affecting the risk of developing ALS and the rate of motor neuron degeneration progression. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Springer, Clinical keys, Google Scholar, and E-Library databases for publications using keywords and their combinations. We analyzed all the available studies published in 2010–2020. Discussion: We analyzed 39 studies, including randomized clinical trials, clinical cases, and meta-analyses, involving ALS patients and studies on animal models of ALS. This review demonstrated that the following vitamins are the most significant protectors of ALS development: vitamin B12, vitamin E > vitamin C > vitamin B1, vitamin B9 > vitamin D > vitamin B2, vitamin B6 > vitamin A, and vitamin B7. In addition, this review indicates that the role of foods with a high content of cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids, urates, and purines plays a big part in ALS development. Conclusion: The inclusion of vitamins and a ketogenic diet in disease-modifying ALS therapy can reduce the progression rate of motor neuron degeneration and slow the rate of disease progression, but the approach to nutrient selection must be personalized. The roles of vitamins C, D, and B7 as ALS protectors need further study.

The article presents the results of practical testing of the developed compositions of protectors for proofing of low-carbon alloys used in the automotive industry and made from melting stocks of secondary aluminum raw materials. The results of the study of the effectiveness of the proofing of the developed protectors are presented.

Abstract In the study, we used two conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy), to sensitize Ta 3 N 5 , thereby enhancing its photocatalytic activity, and then applied this novel photocatalyst to overall water splitting to produce hydrogen and oxygen even under visible light irradiation. The two polymers increased the charge transfer efficiency, prevented the recombination of the generated electrons and holes of the Ta 3 N 5 photocatalyst, and thereby enhanced its electron-hole separation efficiency and improved its photocatalytic activity for efficient visible light water splitting. The two polymers completely covering the Ta 3 N 5 particles facilitated charge transfer for quick migration of the generated electrons and holes to the polymer surface and thus prevented contact between the holes and nitride of Ta 3 N 5. Therefore, these conducting polymers also protected the Ta 3 N 5 particles from self-photocorrosion during long-term water splitting. Because of the existence of the protonated nitrogen (-N+) state in PPy, the electric conductivity of PPy was lower than that of PANI, which lowered the sensitizing ability of PPy compared to that of PANI. Thus, the water splitting efficiency of Ta 3 N 5 /PANI was higher than that of Ta 3 N 5 /PPy. The production rates of H 2 and O 2 generated from water splitting of Ta 3 N 5 /PANI were 60.5 and 30.2 (μmol. g−1cat. h−1), respectively. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Polymer sensitizers enhanced the separation of e−/h+ pairs and prolonged the Ta 3 N 5 lifetime. • Polymer cover protected Ta 3 N 5 from self-photocorrosion (oxidation of generated holes). • Ta 3 N 5 /polymers greatly exhibited overall photocatalytic water splitting. • Lower electric conductivity lowered the sensitizing ability of the polymer. • PANI was better than PPy for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of Ta 3 N 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of borax (BX) against heavy metal exposure on the transcriptional and biochemical reaction in vivo and alleviating effect on gill and liver tissues of rainbow trout. Due to this aim, fish were fed with different level of BX and/or copper (Cu) (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg of BX; 500 and 1000 mg/kg of Cu) for 21·days in pre- and co-treatment options. The transcriptional parameters [(heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70), and cytochromes P450 (cyp1a), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT))], antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT and GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and caspase-3 levels were investigated in different tissues samples of treated and control fish. Our results revealed that antioxidant enzyme activity was increased and levels of 8-OHdG, Caspase-3 and MDA were decreased in the BX and BX combined groups as compared to the copper combination group and to copper-only application during pre- and co-treatment (p < 0.05). Similarly, hsp70 and cyp1a gene expressions were decreased after treatment with BX. As conclusion, we suggest that borax itself is not an antioxidant it supportes antioxidant defense mechanism of fish disrupted by heavy metals. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Polyaniline (PANI) and polythiophene (PTh) conducting polymers have been used to sensitize Tantalum Nitride (Ta 3 N 5) to enhance its photocatalytic activity. The synthesized materials exhibited novel photocatalytic activity for overall water splitting to produce hydrogen and oxygen even excited by visible light irradiation. The used PANI and PTh sensitizers enhanced the charge transfer efficiency and minimized the high recombination rate of the photo-excited electrons (e-) and holes (h+) of the Ta 3 N 5 photocatalyst (enhanced e-/h+ separation efficiency of the Ta 3 N 5) leading to increase in its photocatalytic activity for efficient visible light water splitting. We also investigated that the used PANI and PTh completely covering the Ta 3 N 5 particles could acted as charge acceptors for quick migration of the produced h+ to their surface and thus minimizing contact between the nitride of the Ta 3 N 5 and the produced h+, which could oxidize the nitride. It means that the used conducting polymers also protected the Ta 3 N 5 particles from self-photocorrosion. Therefore, the synthesized tantalum nitride sensitized/protected by PANI or PTh could be applied for long-term water splitting. The production rates of H 2 and O 2 generated from water splitting of Ta 3 N 5 /PANI were higher than that of the Ta 3 N 5 /PTh because the electric conductivity of the PANI was higher than that of the PTh. Graphical abstract Sensitizing and protecting mechanism of used conducting polymers. fx1 Highlights • PANI and PTh enhanced the e- and h+ separation efficiency of the Ta 3 N 5. • PANI and PTh also protected Ta 3 N 5 from self-photocorrosion (oxidation of produced h+). • Ta 3 N 5 /polymers showed superior overall photocatalytic water splitting. • The electric conductivity positive related to sensitizing ability of the polymer. • The photocatalytic activity of the Ta 3 N 5 /PANI was better than that of the Ta 3 N 5 /PTh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We successfully synthesized niobium-doped tantalum nitride sensitized/protected by polypyrrole (Nb Ta 3 N 5 /PPy) for efficient overall photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen and oxygen under visible light. Niobium as a dopant was incorporated into the Ta 3 N 5 lattice to act as an intermediate band between the valence band (VB) and the conduction band (CB) of Ta 3 N 5 to enhance the electron-hole pair separation efficiency, thereby enhancing its photocatalytic activity. PPy, a conducting polymer with an extended π-π* conjugated electron system, was used as a sensitizer to enhance the charge transfer efficiency for migration of the photogenerated electrons and holes to its surface to prevent the recombination of the pairs and thus increase their lifetime. The migration of the photogenerated holes to the PPy surface also prevented the self photocorrosion of Ta 3 N 5 (via reaction between the generated holes and nitrides in Ta 3 N 5 ) in the electrolyte solution and thus enhanced its stability. Therefore, the synthesized Nb Ta 3 N 5 /PPy photocatalyst exhibited very high photocatalytic activity and stability for overall water splitting to produce H 2 and O 2 even under visible light at production rates of 65.1 and 32.8 μmol g −1 cat. h −1 , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the association between saturated fatty acids (FA) and bone cells has received a high level of attention. Previous studies have shown that palmitate (PA), a common saturated FA, can cause apoptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, whether PA can induce autophagy, an important intracellular protection mechanism that is closely associated with apoptosis, in BMSCs is still unknown; the association between autophagy and apoptosis is also unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether PA can induce autophagy in BMSCs. When BMSCs were treated with PA for >18 h, p62 began to accumulate, indicating that autophagic flux was impaired by prolonged exposure to PA. In addition, the proportion of apoptotic cells was increased when autophagy was inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3‑methyladenine. Furthermore, inducing autophagy by pretreating cells with rapamycin, a known inducer of autophagy, markedly reduced PA‑induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy may serve a protective role in PA‑induced apoptosis in BMSCs. PA also increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which was decreased by the antioxidant N‑Acetyl‑cysteine, and promoted the activation of c‑Jun N‑terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK). The addition of JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitors substantially reduced autophagy. Therefore, the results indicated that PA can induce autophagy in BMSCs and protect cells from PA‑induced apoptosis through the ROS‑JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways. These results may improve the general understanding of the mechanisms through which BMSCs adapt to PA‑induced apoptosis. The present study also provides a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of PA‑induced lipotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1860 and 1911, a total of 152,641 Indian indentured workers arrived in the then British Colony of Natal. The first group of workers who returned home in 1871 complained of ill-treatment and abuse by employers and the Indian government refused to sanction further allotments of labourers until the Natal government investigated their complaints. The ensuing Coolie Commission of 1872 called for the appointment of a Protector of Indian Immigrants, as one of several recommendations. The Natal Government duly complied as the Colony was desperate for labour. Such officials were also appointed in other colonial contexts around this time. Instances of worker abuse, however, continued throughout the period of indenture in Natal, notwithstanding some observers' claim that the appointment of a Protector was a watershed moment for bonded labour. It appears that the vastness of the area under the Protector's jurisdiction and the enormous power of planters made it difficult for Protectors to balance the needs of workers and employers. But workers found creative ways to use the office of the Protector to resist the system; and, on occasion, the abuse was so great that the Protector was forced to intervene publicly to safeguard the rights of workers and the integrity of his office. In focusing on the Protector, this article makes a contribution to the emerging literature on empire that focuses on connections and networks across colonies and the agency and actions of ordinary people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Ottoman literature Padishah and top bureaucrats carried out patronage mechanism by protecting artists with moral and material support. This mechanism became a tradition by the time and continued for years. Ottoman poets essayed to get in contact with top mentors in an effort to attain moral and material support by earning respect at society. Ottoman Padishah were interested in poetry and also some of the wrote poesies enough to fix up e divan. As a result of their interest to poetry they patronised poets and artists. Bayezid II as a poet wrote poesies with the name of Adlî patronized many of the poets, artists and scholars; supported them by moral and material aspects who lived in his period. Gaybî is a poet lived in Bayezid II's period, wrote a work named as Terbiyet-nâme for the purpose of attaining Padishah's patronage and his support. We have no informaton about his life and also the only work that belong to the poet is Terbiyet-nâme. In this article, formerly we presented some information about patronage mechanism in Ottoman literature. And then we made some determination about the Bayezid II period poet Gaybî and his only known work which is named as Terbiyet-nâme is examined by its form and content features. At the last we transmitted the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article’s purpose is the analysis of the evolution process and all its main aspects in the history of Moscow Slavonic-greek-latin Academy of the specified period. At the beginning of the XVIII century Moscow Academy was found on a basis of European «pre-classical» university pattern and became the first higher institute for all social estates in Russia. After the Peter’s the Great death the Academy experiences reduction of material security and contraction of the students’ social estate. Another tendency is also observed - the penetration of European university modernization ideas in Russia provokes the start of several national university projects. During the Catherine’s the Second reign these ideas influence on the evolution of the Academy as well as already generated Academy educational tradition influences the specified university projects. This reciprocal effect leads the creation of separate higher educational systems: secular, under the Ministry of National Enlightenment, and theological, under the Holy Synod. The sources allow tracking the participation of higher state and church fi gures working together on both structures. As a result Moscow Academy served as a sample for other theological academies and thus has become the foundation of the whole theological education system

An energy-saving durability experimental platform was designed according to the characteristics of the automobile starter with protector. The requirements for the starter protector to realize its function was analyzed. The hardware structure and enable logic of the starter durability experiment platform were optimized. The typical fault logic in the test program was analyzed. As ensuring the durability test of the starter，the energy of the engine was recycled with an electric generator. Finally， the practical results show that the design is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Near East University Islamic Research Center / Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi İslam Tetkikleri Merkezi Dergisi is the property of Journal of Near East University Islamic Research Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Protection of contemporary murals to reduce paint fading caused by exposure to sunlight is currently under study due to a general demand. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of a commercial protective acrylic finish applied to concrete and brick mock-ups previously painted with different coloured (red and yellow) paints for outdoor and indoor uses. The mock-ups were exposed to an accelerated aging test, with artificial UV irradiation for 3630 h. UV radiation is the most threatening sunlight portion to the paints used in these artworks, inducing mainly fading. Colorimetric measurements were made on the surfaces every 15 days. At the end, aged samples and the respective controls (not subjected to the aging test) were evaluated by stereomicroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Application of the protective finish modified the surface of the paintwork, but generally reduced the rate at which the colour changed. In the mock-ups painted with paint for indoor use without the protective finish, the paintwork degraded faster on brick than on concrete. The findings highlight the need for appropriate selection of paints depending on where they will be applied and the suitability of using a protective finish depending on the composition of each paint. • Exterior paints were found to be more suitable for creating contemporary murals. • The substrate influences the colour changes of the paints depending on their use. • Application of a protective coating may slow down the colour changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was aimed to evaluate protective and therapeutic effects of a specific mixture, containing vitamin C, lysine, proline, epigallocatechin gallate and zinc, as well as alpha-1-antitrypsin protein on lung tumorigenesis induced by benzo(a) pyrene [B(a)P] in mice. Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice were divided into two main experiments, experiment (1) the mice were injected with 100 mg/kg B(a)P and lasted for 28 weeks, while experiment (2) the mice were injected with 8 doses each of 50 mg/kg B(a)P and lasted for 16 weeks. Each experiment (1 and 2) divided into five groups, group (I) received vehicle, group (II) received the protector mixture, group (III) received the carcinogen B(a)P, group (IV) received the protector together with the carcinogen (simultaneously) and group (V) received the carcinogen then the protector (consecutively). Results: Total sialic acid, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, vascular epithelial growth factor, hydroxyproline levels, as well as elastase and gelatinase activities showed significant elevation in group (III) in the two experiments comparing to control group (P < 0.001). These biochemical alterations were associated with histopathological changes. Administration of the protector in group IV and group V causes significant decrease in such parameters with improvement in histopathological alterations with improvement in histopathological alterations when compared with group III in the two experiments (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The present protector mixture has the ability to suppress neoplastic alteration and restore the biochemical and histopathological parameters towards normal on lung carcinogenesis induced by benzo(a) pyrene in mice. Furthermore, the present mixture have more protective rather than therapeutic action.

By inventing initiatory melodrama, by constructing a perfect gaze and by telling different love trajectories (be they perfect or imperfect), Lost embodies two things simultaneously for its spectator. Through the motif of the eye, the series puts us in the contemplative place of Jacob as protector of the series; through the hand, it attempts to make us experience an anamnesis based on great affection and the love we feel for the series’ characters. In the end, the love that the characters feel for one another is also the love they feel for us and that we feel for them.

Este ensayo está dedicado a la reforma constitucional del 2011 de los derechos Humanos, enfocado en la educación y socialización de los mismo en México, considerando que es a través de la educación se fortalecen, concientizan y ciudadanizan los derechos humanos.