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The transplantation of European legal systems in the periphery often occurred via semi‐colonial institutions, where Europeans were subject to their own jurisdictions that placed them outside the reach of local courts. In nineteenth‐century Egypt, the option of extraterritoriality was extended to local non‐Muslims. Drawing on Egypt's population censuses in 1848 and 1868, we show that locals did not seek extraterritoriality to place themselves under more efficient jurisdictions. Rather, legal protection mitigated uncertainty about which law would apply to any contractual relationship in an environment where multiple legal systems co‐existed and overlapped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Necmettin Erbakan University School of Law Review is the property of Necmettin Erbakan University School of Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article introduces an ontology of a Bulgarian Dance Folklore. There are a lot of specific performances (popular in Bulgaria as ‘horá ’), but our experimental focus is on some Professor Dzhenev’s works. An ontology classifying traditional dances according to several characteristics will be considered.

Temporal information plays a crucial role in historical research, as it enables scholars to gain insights into the events and processes that have shaped the past. However, the complexity and diversity of temporal descriptions found in Chinese historical texts pose significant challenges for analyzing and interpreting this information. This article addresses these challenges by introducing the traditional Chinese time ontology (TCT Ontology), which integrates relevant concepts and different timing methods into an ontology. The TCT Ontology comprises four classes, including the TCT Record class, Chinese Calendar class, Historical Interval class, and Person class, to represent time descriptions in Chinese texts. By separating time records and the traditional Chinese calendar, the ontology provides a reference model for understanding time information in Chinese historical archives and serves as a basis for converting those time records to the Gregorian calendar. This accurate conversion is critical for humanistic research in Chinese history, as it enables scholars to engage in meaningful reading, studying, and research of the historical record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the practice of scientific research in Higher Education centers in Peru is of vital importance for the scientific, economic, social, and educational development, among other aspects of the country. In the 21st century, the use of AI in daily life has increased in quantity and quality. In addition, the development of a country without the use of these technologies is inconceivable. But as in other contemporary aspects, AI and scientific research deepen the gap between developing countries with respect to developed ones. This article proposes a model based on descriptive logics, which allows the representation and evaluation of knowledge around the use of AI and research in state universities in Peru. The represented knowledge can be refined, socialized and enriched by specialists. It can also be represented in the form of ontologies, which can be materialized with the help of the famous Protégé software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) menyediakan fasilitas bagi mahasiswa untuk mengalihkan kredit dari aktivitas kerja ke mata kuliah tertentu. Untuk mendukung proses ini, penelitian ini menggunakan teknologi Semantik Web dengan mengintegrasikan ontologi yang dibangun menggunakan alat Protégé. Melalui penggunaan bahasa query SPARQL, teknologi Semantik Web memungkinkan pencarian yang efisien dan akurat antara deskripsi aktivitas dan mata kuliah berdasarkan konteks dan arti semantik data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penelitian ini dapat mengambil informasi yang diperlukan secara efisien dan akurat dari ontologi yang telah dikembangkan.

Following recent trends in information management systems, conventional word-based information retrieval methods are changing to concept-based approaches by means of the broad application of ontologies. More specifically, the use of ontologies for knowledge management is significant in the medical sciences and human disease domains due to the diversity and necessity of information sharing between numerous data repositories such as medical records, health record systems, and so on. Furthermore, ontologies make natural language processing approaches more feasible by reducing semantic ambiguity and making concepts comprehensible to computer-based deductions. In this research, a semi-automated approach for ontology development is proposed, which assists in identifying structural components of an ontology and determining possible relations between them based on scientific text records. The proposed approach, in a general view, includes the gathering of a large volume of technical data in text format, processing, and extraction of results with a minimal contribution of humanbased supervision. The processing stage is coded in Matlab code named TmbOnt_Alfa and applies two main techniques including word frequency and Lexico-Synactic patterns analysis, to identify concepts and relations, respectively. The role of the human supervisor is narrowed to entering target terms, eliminating unnecessary outputs, and finalizing the ontology structure. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method, a case study for ontological development in the field of glaucoma has been conducted, and results are compared with medical subject headings of MESH descriptors, the Persian medical thesaurus, ontology of diseases, and Bioassay ontology (BAO). According to results, the developed ontology, when compared by Glaucoma entry, covered 80% of the medical titles in Mesh, 100% of the medical terms developed in the Persian Medical Thesaurus, and 100% of the Persian medical descriptors. Moreover, the resultant ontology structure is compatible with more than 90% of the same ontology represented in Bioassay and 57% of the ontology of diseases (DO). It also proposed an average of 30% more terms for existing ontological structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social & Technology / Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi (SOSTECH) is the property of Green Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ordnance Industry Automation is the property of Editorial Board for Ordnance Industry Automation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways of the lungs caused by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. Asthma patients are sometimes misdiagnosed because of the similarity of asthma symptoms to other respiratory diseases. This leads to administering inappropriate medications, and thus the patient's condition worsens. In this search, we propose a new approach based on ontology, the aiming this method is that to develop a system that can diagnose asthma and suggest the appropriate treatment for each patient. The proposed approach consists of three steps: the knowledge base, four modules that act as mediators between the user interface and ontology, and the web application that act as an interface to the approach. Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) was used for asthma diagnosis. The proposed system was tested using several patients previously diagnosed with asthma. The obtained results showed that the approach could diagnose the disease and recommend treatments. It diagnosed 56 out of 59 (accuracy rate of 94.91%) and correctly recommended treatment for 20 out of 22 patients (accuracy rate of 90.9%). The approach also showed good speed in the previous two procedures, as it took 3.6 seconds to diagnose and 15.4 seconds to recommend the appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing literature recognizes the benefits associated with mentorship. Less well understood, however, are the mechanisms that explain why informal mentoring relationships are more positively associated with protégé career outcomes than formal mentoring relationships. Using an experimental vignette method, we examine how the source of mentorship initiation (mentor-initiated vs. organization-initiated) influences protégés' reflected appraisal of their mentoring relationships. Participants (N = 392) in mentor-initiated relationships anticipated mentors to be more genuinely interested in their development than protégés in organization-initiated relationships. Subsequent analyses demonstrated the source of mentorship initiation indirectly predicted mentoring expectations (i.e., anticipated vocational and psychosocial mentoring functions) through genuine interest. An important boundary condition for this finding, however, was that the source of mentorship initiation mattered more when there was uncertainty surrounding mentors' abilities and intentions. That is, mentors described with high levels of interpersonal responsiveness were perceived as genuine regardless of how the relationship was initiated. Our results provide insight into the way that the initiation phase of mentoring relationships shapes initial perceptions and expectancies of a mentor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work describes the development of a conceptual representation model of the domain of the theory of formal grammars and abstract machines through ontological modeling. The main goal is to develop an ontology capable of deriving new knowledge about the mood of an Alzheimer's patient in the categories of wandering, nervous, depressed, disoriented or bored. The patients are from elderly care centers in Ambato Canton-Ecuador. The population consists of 147 individuals of both sexes, diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, with ages ranging from 75 to 89 years. The methods used are the taxonomic levels, the semantic categories and the ontological primitives. All these aspects allow the computational generation of an ontological structure, in addition to the use of the proprietary tool Pellet Reasoner as well as Apache NetBeans from Java for process completion. As a result, an ontological model is generated using its instances and Pellet Reasoner to identify the expected effect. It is noted that the ontologies come from the artificial intelligence domain. In this case, they are represented by aspects of real-world context that relate to common vocabularies for humans and applications working in a domain or area of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentorship is a key part of the development of knowledge and skills in orthopedics. Mentorship at each of these different phases is important to preparing and enabling a competent, knowledgeable, and well-rounded surgeon. Although the mentor is generally the one in a senior position, experienced in their field, the mentee is the protégé or the trainee engaged in a relationship with the person with expertise. There should be mutual responsibility on both sides to develop a collaborative relationship in order to optimize value in the relationship for both parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although mentoring often confers valuable benefits to the protégé, mentoring may also entail costs (e.g., time, effort, ego threat), resulting in added stressors and strain. Drawing on the job demands-resources model, the present quantitative review examines how mentoring influences protégé stressors and strains. We reviewed 90 published and unpublished studies with at least one mentoring variable and one stressor or strain measure to identify commonly studied relationships to analyze (e.g., mentoring functions received and role conflict). Due largely to heterogeneity in the operationalization of mentoring, only 18 samples representing six effects could be aggregated. Results indicate that mentoring may have both positive and negative relationships with stressors and strains. This is consistent with the job demands-resources theory, which suggests that job demands induce strain, but these job demands may be mitigated by resources that may be available via characteristics of the mentoring relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La falta de precisión y exhaustividad en los resultados obtenidos al realizar una búsqueda de información es un fenómeno que ocurre con mucha frecuencia. El desarrollo de servicios más efectivos propicia el logro de mejores resultados en las búsquedas de información. Una de las posibilidades que brinda la Web 3.0 son las ontologías y con ellas el surgimiento de servicios basados en ontologías de dominio. Los servicios basados en ontologías de dominio comprenden una estandarización de sus contenidos, así como su interrelación directa con otras informaciones contenidas en la Web. El trabajo tiene como objetivo el diseño de AGROS: servicio de búsqueda de información basado en una ontología de dominio agropecuario. El desarrollo de dicho servicio comprende la modelación de una ontología en Prótegé, de modo que facilita la búsqueda y recuperación de información de relevancia semántica en este dominio de conocimiento. El servicio utiliza consultas SPARQL para mostrar información relevante y generar recomendaciones de forma automática. El alcance del servicio podría ampliarse, para ello se podrían integrar otros recursos de información y fuentes de datos agropecuarios adicionales.

In our dynamic world, knowledge is linked to data and information that already exists, and knowledge management can be shared and linked. In a broader scope, it can be used to structure ontology. Using ontology helps users understand structure easier and faster. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing and building an ontology for many fields. However, relatively few works related to the religious aspect were conducted, especially regarding the pilgrimage and its rituals. This research paper was proposed given the importance of this field in Islam and the knowledge and exchange of everything related to it. Therefore, the proposed field was represented in ontology by showing the relationships between the categories that make up this field, which was organized hierarchically. When the relationship is already defined, the structure of the ontology can be modeled in the field of knowledge (pilgrimage and its rituals), and an appropriate methodology has been used for this work, which we will explain later. This paper proposes to perform a hierarchical classification of pilgrimage rituals using an ontology file generated using the Protégé tool for modeling the ontology structure. This ontology structure will help share knowledge about Hajj and its rituals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of searching for a particular course on e-learning platforms, it is required to browse through different platforms, and it becomes a time-consuming process. To resolve the issue, an ontology has been developed that can provide single-point access to all the e-learning platforms. The modelled ONline Course Ontology (ONCO) is based on YAMO, METHONTOLOGY and IDEF5 and built on the Protégé ontology editing tool. ONCO is integrated with sample data and later evaluated using pre-defined competency questions. Complex SPARQL queries are executed to identify the effectiveness of the constructed ontology. The modelled ontology is able to retrieve all the sampled queries. The ONCO has been developed for the efficient retrieval of similar courses from massive open online course (MOOC) platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mentorship can have a profound impact on the success and happiness of a mentee while also providing a sense of fulfillment and enrichment for the mentor. Both officially designated and spontaneously chosen mentors can be useful for protégés as they navigate through their training and professional work environment while striving to obtain the optimal work–life balance. Different genders can have variable experiences, in both their personal lives managing family obligations and their professional lives as dermatologists, which may affect the advice and guidance offered. Objective: We studied the impact of gender on the mentor–mentee relationship for both official and spontaneous mentorships through a voluntary survey with a focus on reported outcomes from the perspective of the mentee. Methods: Participants were selected through e-mail invitation via the Women's Dermatologic Society and program directors of the Association of Professors of Dermatology membership lists and given a link to the anonymous survey tool. The survey included 13 questions looking at official and spontaneous mentorships, the role of gender, and success in the dermatology field. Results: Of the 288 respondents, 202 (69.9%) were women, 86 (29.8%) were men, and one identified as other. Of the survey participants, 81% had official mentors and 91% had spontaneous mentors, with the overlap indicating that there may have been a history of multiple mentors per individual. Mentoring had an overall significant positive impact, and 98.5% of those in the spontaneous-mentor group rated the mentor as helpful compared with 87.6% in the official-mentor cohort. For official mentorships, 60.1% involved gender-similar mentors, and of those who had officially designated mentors of any type, 55% indicated a preference for mentors of the same gender. When specifically looking at respondents who participated in same-gender official mentorships, 65.5% preferred this type; of those who had a gender-dissimilar equivalent, only 36.7% indicated a preference for gender similarity in a mentor. Comparably, 59% of protégés with spontaneous mentors had a gender-similar one, and of those who had spontaneous mentors of any type, 59.2% preferred gender similarity. When considering only those in gender-similar spontaneous mentorships, 74.5% favored a same-gender pairing compared with 32.9% of those in the gender-dissimilar group. For female–female official mentorships, 75% preferred a female mentor, similar to 80.5% of the spontaneous-mentor cohort. Conclusion: Spontaneous mentors may provide a greater benefit than officially designated ones. For the majority of the categories, there was no statistical difference between female same-gender mentorships and gender-dissimilar relationships, which is in contrast with previously published literature. Overall, based on the feedback provided, the respondents believed that the quality of the relationship was the most important defining factor, but some noted that same-gender mentorships can provide additional benefit geared toward similar interests and experiences in life.

The lack of precision and exhaustiveness in the results obtained when searching for information is a phenomenon that occurs very frequently. The development of more effective services encourages the achievement of better results in information searches. One of the possibilities offered by Web 3.0 are ontologies and with them the emergence of services based on domain ontologies. Services based on domain ontologies include a standardization of their contents, as well as their direct interrelation with other information contained on the Web. The objective of this work is the design of AGROS: an information search service based on an ontology of the agricultural domain. The development of this service includes the modeling of an ontology in Prótegé, so that it facilitates the search and retrieval of information of semantic relevance in this domain of knowledge. The service uses SPARQL queries to display relevant information and automatically generate recommendations. The scope of the service could be expanded, for which other information resources and additional agricultural data sources could be integrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]