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In this work, the effect of liposomes consisting of tetraoleyl cardiolipin and dioleyl phosphatidylcholine (1: 1, mol/mol) on the rate of three more reactions of Cyt c heme with H2O2 was studied: (i) Cyt c (Fe2+) oxidation to Cyt c (Fe3+), (ii) Fe···S(Met80) bond breaking, and (iii) heme porphyrin ring decomposition. It was revealed that the rates of all those reactions increased greatly in the presence of liposomes containing cardiolipin and not of those consisting of only phosphatidylcholine, and approximately to the same extent as peroxidase activity. These data suggest that cardiolipin activates specifically Cyt c peroxidase activity not only because it promotes Fe···S(Met80) bond breaking but also facilitates H2O2 penetration to the reaction center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal lensing was used for the characterization of adsorption on laboratory glassware at a nanogram concentration level in solution. Sorption kinetics was studied, the sorption capacity of the glass for test substances was characterized, which was found to be several ng cm[SUP-2]. Factors affecting adsorption were discussed. A procedure for handling laboratory glassware for eliminating sorption effects in determining nanogram amounts of iron in aqueous solutions was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal lensing and electron-probe microanalysis were used for studying surfaces of quartz glass samples with chemically bonded Reactivrot B5A organic dye. The possibility of using both methods and a combination of them to characterize glass surfaces and bonded dye properties is discussed. Thermal lensing was used for determining the thermal stability of dye covers. The limit of detection of bonded Reactivrot B5A on a glass surface by thermal lensing is 1.63 × 10[SUP-10] mol cm[SUP-2]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the correlation between the blood plasma antioxidant profile and the transcriptional activity of the Nrf2 gene in acute psychosis in patients with schizophrenia and alcoholism., Material and Methods: The study included 40 patients with the first episode of the paranoid form of schizophrenia, 33 patients with schizophrenic psychosis who had previously received therapy, 22 patients with first-time acute alcohol psychosis, and 25 healthy volunteers. The level of Nrf2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was estimated by flow cytometry, and the antioxidant profile of blood plasma was estimated with chemiluminometry., Results: The total and «thiol» antioxidant capacity were reduced in patients with initially diagnosed schizophrenic psychosis and alcoholic psychosis. In patients after treatment, the total antioxidant capacity was higher compared to previously untreated patients. The level of Nrf2 protein in mononuclear cells in patients with the first psychotic episode was significantly lower than in patients with alcoholism and lower than in the control group. In patients with alcoholic psychosis, Nrf2 level was correlated with both the total antioxidant capacity due to uric acid and the «thiol» antioxidant capacity; in patients with psychosis in schizophrenia, Nrf2 level was correlated only with the «thiol» antioxidant capacity., Conclusions: The correlation between the total and «thiol» antioxidant capacity and the level of Nrf2 in mononuclear cells of patients with alcohol delirium indicates the undamaged state of the regulation. The absence of a correlation between the total antioxidant capacity and the level of Nrf2 in patients with schizophrenia indicates a disturbance of the activation of the Nrf2 pathway due to, possibly, a part associated with the participation of uric acid.

Objective: To evaluate the radical-producing function of neutrophils in paranoid schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease., Material and Methods: The study included 40 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 22 with Alzheimer's disease. To assess the functional activity of neutrophils, whole blood samples were analyzed using the chemiluminescent method with two-step cell stimulation. Indicators of radical-producing activity of neutrophils in patients were compared to those in age-matched healthy people., Results: The quantitative indicators of radical-producing activity of neutrophils in the paranoid schizophrenia group and in the Alzheimer's disease group correspond to reference intervals of healthy donors, however almost one third of patients with paranoid schizophrenia had an altered shape of the chemiluminescent curve., Conclusion: The neutrophil immune response might be involved in the pathogenesis of paranoid schizophrenia only in some cases.

Objective: To study the antioxidant profile of blood plasma in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease (AD)., Material and Methods: Thirty-three patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 18 patients with AD were included in the study. Patients with schizophrenia were stratified into two subgroups by response to therapy. The indicators of the antioxidant profile were determined using methods based on chemiluminometry and spectrofluorimetry., Results: Systemic oxidative stress due to insufficiency of low molecular weight plasma antioxidants is not determined neither in AD nor in treatment resistant schizophrenia. At the same time, a «thiol» oxidative stress, which indirectly indicates a deficiency of the glutathione system, is present in both groups. In patients with paranoid schizophrenia responsive to treatment, systemic oxidative stress is more pronounced and «thiol» oxidative stress is less significant. Among the antipsychotics studied, haloperidol, zuclopenthixol, risperidone and ziprasidone do not exhibit antioxidant properties, but periciazine, clozapine and especially chlorpromazine exhibit strong antioxidant properties, but they unlikely affect the antioxidant potential of blood plasma., Conclusions: The glutathione part of the antioxidant system is mostly affected, but systemic oxidative stress is not significant in patients with treatment resistant paranoid schizophrenia and AD. Oxidative disorders are more pronounced in treatment responsive paranoid schizophrenia.

Objective: Assessment of leukocyte activity as the main source of ROS in seminal fluid of patients with normospermia and pathospermia using an original protocol based on the kinetic chemiluminescence method and adapted for semen analysis., Materials and Methods: A prospective study was attended by 95 men of reproductive age who applied to the Research Center of Medical Genetics (Moscow) for semen analysis. The material for the study were samples of native ejaculate. Chemiluminescent measurements were performed on a Lum-1200 chemiluminometer (DISoft, Russia) using the original method., Results: Both in amplitude of basal and stimulated response, between the "normozoospermia", "pathozoospermia" and "pathozoospermia + leucospermia" groups, significant differences were obtained in the level of ROS production by leukocytes (p<0.05): the median level of basal chemiluminescence, normalized on the count of leukocytes was 0.13, 0.71 and 1.78, respectively; the median level of stimulated chemiluminescence normalized to the number of leukocytes was 0.62, 2.14, 5.94, respectively. The level of stimulated response did not exceed 0.5 arb. units in normozoospermic samples. In pathospermic groups, the level of stimulated response was low in about a third of semen samples, it was moderate in one third of patients, and high in one third of patients., Conclusions: A protocol previously developed for blood analysis was adapted to analyze the total ROS level produced by leukocytes in seminal fluid. In the groups of "pathozoospermia", "pathozoospermia + leucospermia", the level of basal ROS production by leukocytes was about 5 and 15 times higher than in the "normozoospermia" group, the level of stimulated ROS production was 3.5 and 9.5 times; this indicates oxidative stress, including with a normal number of leukocytes.

Aim: to evaluate antioxidant properties of dietary supplements Nefradoz, as well as its role in the prevention of calcium oxalate stones., Materials and Methods: Our study consisted of two parts, clinical and experimental. In the clinical trial a total of 80 patients with recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis of various localization were included. All patients were divided into 2 groups. In treatment group (n=45) patients received Nefradoz 1 capsule 2 times a day. In control group (n=35) no treatment was prescribed. In all patients a biomarkers level (bikunin, osteopontin, nephrocalcin) in urine was determined by ELISA. In addition, Litos-test was performed. Follow-up duration was 6 months. In the experimental part of the study, the antioxidant properties of Nefradoz were evaluated using chemiluminescence method., Results: The antioxidant activity of resveratrol, which is contained in 300 mg Nefradoz (1 capsule), was 23.66+/-1.18, which corresponds to the moderate activity. After 6 months of therapy a level of bikunin and osteopontin did not significantly changed, which indicates a minimal risk of stone recurrence. According to the Litos-test, the activity of stone formation in Nefradoz group significantly decreased to minimal values in 42 out 45 patients (p<0.05). In the control group an excretion of biomarkers was minimal, which significantly increased the risk of stone formation., Conclusion: Dietary supplement NefraDoz can be used for prevention of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in case of increased stone formation according to the Litos-test. The antispasmodic, uroseptic and diuretic effects allow to maintain the effective level of biomarkers which is required for a recurrence-free course of urolithiasis compared to the control. The antioxidant activity, primarily determined by the resveratrol, can sufficiently compensate for oxidative stress and prevent the development of calcium oxalate stone. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.

Oxidative stress is a pathogenetic factor of many diseases. The control of its level is important for early diagnosis and therapy adjustment. In this work, antioxidant status was estimated in blood plasma. In the system of 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride-luminol a set of chemiluminescence kinetic curve parameters is proposed for oxidative stress level estimation (the latent period τ(lat) and the increasing of analytical signal ΔI(CL)). Uric acid and albumin were shown as the main components that responsible for changes in chemiluminescence kinetic curve of plasma. Serum albumin undergoes oxidative modification in dose-depend manner under the action of UV irradiation, it causes the enhancement of antioxidant properties. Changes in plasma chemiluminescence kinetics are proposed as a measure of oxidative stress in human body.

The accumulation of UV photolysis products of amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan, which possess an antioxidant activity, has been studied by the method of luminol-activated chemiluminescence. The amount of antioxidant products was judged by the value of the total antioxidant potential of a UV-irradiated solution, the measure of which was the distance between the peaks of the chemiluminescence curve in the system 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane)hydrochloride + luminol in a UV-irradiated and an unirradiated samples (induction period, tau(i)). Simultaneously, the absorption and fluorescence spectra of unirradiared and UV-irradiated amino acid solutions were recorded. It was shown that, upon the exposure of a tryptophan solution to radiation, the accumulation of the fluorescent product N-formyl kynurenine (lambda(em) = 325 nm, lambda(max) = 440 nm) occures, and the curve of its accumulation was similar to the curve of growth of tau(i) photoproducts produced during UV-radiation. When a tyrosine solution was irradiated, the main fluorescent product was dityrosine (lambda(em) = 310 nm, lambda(max) = 415 nm). Nevertheless, the dose dependencies of the formation of dityrosine, and the total antioxidant potential (tau(i)) were completely different. It was found that another product of tyrosine UV-photolysis, dioxyphenylalanine, possessed a pronounced antioxidant activity. It was concluded that the main antioxidants produced under UV-irradiation of tryptophan is formyl kynurenine, and under the irradiation of tyrosine, dioxyphenylalanine.