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Five species of bivalves and two species of gastropods are described from late Selandian to earliest Thanetian wood-fall communities from the Katsuhira Formation in Urahoro Town, eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan. Three bivalves and two gastropods are new to science:Thyasira(Thyasira)oliveriAmano and Jenkins, new species,Astarte(Astarte)paleocenicaAmano and Jenkins, new species,Poromya katsuhiraensisAmano and Jenkins, new species,Neverita majimaiAmano and Jenkins, new species, andBiplica paleocenicaAmano and Jenkins, new species.Poromya katsuhiraensisn. sp. andNeverita majimain. sp. are the earliest records of their genus.Astarte paleocenican. sp. is the last species before the genus disappeared from the northern Pacific region during the Eocene, only to reappear with the opening of the Bering Strait during the latest Miocene. Moreover, two bivalve species and one gastropod genus are Cretaceous relict forms:Propeamussium yubarense(Yabe and Nagao, 1928),Myrtea ezoensis(Nagao, 1938), andBiplicaPopenoe, 1957. These species and other relict protobranch bivalves had wide geographical ranges in the deep sea during the Cretaceous, which helped them to survive the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. The chemosynthesis-based speciesBathyacmaea? sp.,Myrtea ezoensis, andThyasira oliverin. sp. were recovered, but small bathymodioline mussels have not been found. This confirms that the small deep-sea mussels did not appear in the wood-fall communities at least by the earliest Thanetian.UUID:http://zoobank.org/125bd4ab-b172-43d9-80b9-57b75a805150

Twenty species of Pectinoidea (12 Propeamussiidae, three Cyclochlamydidae, five Pectinidae) are herein listed. Six new species of Pectinoidea (three Propeamussiidae, three Cyclochlamydidae) are from littoral and bathyal depths of the western and southwestern Pacific, sampled by various expeditions and cruises to Papua New Guinea and the South China Sea, viz. Propeamussium regillum n. sp. from the bathyal Bismarck and Solomon Seas, Parvamussium minusculum n. sp. from the lower bathyal South China Sea, Cyclopecten inoculatus n. sp. from the bathyal Bismarck Sea, Cyclochlamys corrugata n. sp., Cyclochlamys barbatula n. sp. and Micropecten reticulatus n. sp. from shallow coastal waters of Papua New Guinea. Fourteen species of Pectinoidea (nine Propeamussiidae, five Pectinidae) are new records for the Bismarck Sea (five), for the Solomon Sea (four), and for the South China Sea (seven).

Twenty-five species of Pectinoidea (24 Propeamussiidae, 1 Cyclochlamydidae) are herein listed from the Mozambique Channel, northwestern and southern Madagascar, and northeastern South Africa. New species: Propeamussium rosadoi, Parvamussium catillus, Parvamussium kilburni, Parvamussium puillandrei, Parvamussium strongae, Cyclopecten cassiculus, Cyclopecten kantori, Cyclochlamys bacachorda. New synonym: Amussium sewelli Knudsen, 1967 = Propeamussium watsoni (E.A. Smith, 1885). New records for the Mozambique Channel and northwestern Madagascar: Propeamussium andamanicum, Propeamussium arabicum, Propeamussium caducum, Propeamussium jeffreysii, Propeamussium sibogai, Propeamussium watsoni, Parvamussium formosum, Parvamussium scitulum, Parvamussium torresi, Parvamussium vesiculatum, Cyclopecten kapalae, Similipecten eous. New records for southern Madagascar: Propeamussium jeffreysii, Propeamussium sibogai, Propeamussium watsoni, Parvamussium formosum, Parvamussium scitulum, Parvamussium thyrideum, Par...

Genus Propeamussium de Gregorio, 1884 Propeamussium de Gregorio, 1884: 119. TYPE SPECIES (OD). — Pecten (Propeamussium) ceciliae de Gregorio, 1884 (Miocene, Sicily, Italy)., Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Maestrati, Philippe, 2017, New species and new records of littoral and bathyal living Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae, Pectinidae) from the western and southwestern Pacific, pp. 473-485 in Zoosystema 39 (4) on page 474, DOI: 10.5252/z2017n4a3, http://zenodo.org/record/4578634, {"references":["GREGORIO A. DE 1884. - Nota intorno ad alcune nuove Conchiglie mioceniche di Sicilia. Naturalista Siciliano 3: 119 - 120."]}

Carnivory is unusual among bivalve molluscs and is limited to a few families in the distantly related orders Pectinida, Mytilida and Anomalodesmata. Despite the significance of dietary shifts in the evolution of the bivalves, the anatomy of the alimentary system, and of the gastric chamber in particular, has been described in detail for only a few carnivorous species. Here we describe the anatomy of the gastric chamber in a pectinid, Propeamussium jeffreysii, and an anomalodesmatan, Bathyneaera demistriata, expanding the known morphological disparity of the alimentary system in both groups. We found the stomachs of both to be modified to varying degrees for a carnivorous habit, with thickened, muscular walls, extensive cuticular linings, and reduced sorting areas and gastric chamber compartments (i.e. the dorsal hood, the left pouch and the food-sorting caecum). Despite some superficial similarity, each retains distinct hallmarks of their ancestry among filter-feeding relatives, allowing precise homology assessment of individual characters to differentiate between them. In addition, we found that the gastric chamber of P. jeffreysii represents an intermediate morphology between previously described P. lucidum and filter-feeding pectinids. Consequently, variation in the anatomy of the gastric chamber in Pectinida parallels a previously identified trend towards greater specialization for carnivory in the Anomalodesmata. Our results indicate that the current classification scheme of stomach types does not reflect phylogenetic affinity across the Bivalvia and highlight the need for accurate homology assessment of individual characters of the gastric chamber for inferring evolutionary relationships.

Propeamussium sibogai (Dautzenberg & Bavay, 1904) Fig. 1I, J Amussium sibogai Dautzenberg & BavaY, 1904: 207, figs 1–4; Dautzenberg & BavaY 1912: 31, pl. 28, figs 1–4. Type locality: Indonesia, Bali Sea (7°15'S 115°15'E), - 289 m, live, mud and broken shells, 14.iii.1899 (Siboga, stn 12). Propeamussium sibogai: Knudsen 1967: 272, pl. 1, figs 23–24; Dijkstra 1995: 23, figs 19–22; 2001: 81; 2013: 14, pl. 1, figs 4a–d, pl. 4, fig. 4; Dijkstra & Kastoro 1997: 253, figs 24–29.; Dijkstra & Marshall 1997: 79, pl. 3, figs 1–3.; 2008: 5, figs 1, 3H–J; Wang 2002: 151, pl. 5, fig. 7; Dijkstra & Maestrati 2008: 84; 2013: 470. Amussium cf. sibogai: Barnard 1969: 655, pl. 1, figs a–d. Description: Shell fragile, up to 65 mm in height (most specimens smaller up to 40– 50 mm), hyaline, almost circular, inequivalve, somewhat inequilateral, slightly oblique, left valve more inflated than right valve, laterallY gaping rather stronglY, auricles small and equal in size, umbonal angle 120°–125°. Left valve creamy brown, right valve creamy. Prodissoconch 220 µm high. Left valve covered with a few delicate commarginal growth lines; a few minute commarginal lamellae present near ventral margin of some specimens. Delicate radial lirae developed near posterior margin. Auricles smooth, somewhat raised on lateral margins. Right valve with widely spaced commarginal lirae, weaker at periphery, and microscopic interstitial granules. Marginal apron lacking from most specimens due to the verY thin laYer of prismatic calcite (HaYami 1988: fig. 4). Auricles smooth. Hinge line straight. Internal costae 7 in most specimens, deep brown on left valve, white and broader on right valve. Marginal costae with 4 or 5 small nodules, visible through lateral gape. Resilifer triangular, elongate. No byssal notch. Type material examined: Holotype (pr) ZMA Moll. 304001. Other material examined: NW MADAGASCAR: Between Nosy-Bé and Banc du Leven (12°38'S 48°14'E), - 420–436 m, live, campaign Miriky, stn CP3183, 26.vi.2009 (MNHN); Northwest region, between Nosy-Bé and Banc du Leven (12°40'S 48°12'E), - 492–524 m, live, campaign Miriky, stn CP3184, 26.vi.2009 (MNHN); Northwest region, between Nosy-Bé and Banc du Leven (12°30'S 48°18'E), - 346–376 m, dead, campaign Miriky, stn CP3189, 27.vi.2009 (MNHN); Northwest region, between Nosy-Bé and Banc du Leven (12°31'S 48°15'E), - 415–416 m, dead, campaign Miriky, stn CP3190, 27.vi.2009 (MNHN); Northwest region, between Nosy-Bé and Banc du Leven (12°44'S 48°12'E), - 442–491 m, live, campaign Miriky, stn CP3210, 29.vi.2009 (MNHN); Northwest region, between Nosy-Bé and Banc du Leven (12°33'S 47°56'E), - 391–438 m, live, campaign Miriky, stn DW3217, 30.vi.2009 (MNHN); Northwest region, between Nosy-Bé and Banc du Leven (12°46'S 48°11'E), - 430–488 m, live, campaign Miriky, stn CP3223, 02.vii.2009 (MNHN); Mahajamba Bay (14°50'S 46°57'E), - 340–446 m, live, campaign Miriky, stn CP3248, 07.vii.2009 (MNHN); Majunga (15°22'S 46°00'E), - 493–750 m, live, campaign Miriky, stn CP3250, 08.vii.2009 (MNHN); in front of Narendry Bay (14°29'S 47°26'E), - 409–425 m, live, campaign Miriky, stn CP3290, 14.vii.2009 (MNHN). S MADAGASCAR: Between Lokaro and Sainte Luce (24°53'S 47°28'E), - 184–203 m, dead, expedition Atimo Vatae, stn DW3515, 30.iv.2010 (MNHN). MOZAMBIQUE CHANNEL: Maputo transect (25°12'S 35°17'E), - 503–505 m, dead, campaign Mainbaza, stn CP3136, 10.iv.2009 (MNHN); Maputo transect (23°31'S 35°50'E), - 446–475 m, live, campaign Mainbaza, stn CP3142, 11.iv.2009 (MNHN). MOZAMBIQUE: E of Inhaca Island, - 457 m, live, don. Mrs K. Eastwood (NMSA 5294, 1 pr); Bazaruto Island, - 549 m, live, ex colln K. Eastwood (NMSA J5095). SOUTH AFRICA: Zululand: Off Matigulu River mouth (29°22.3'S 31°57.7'E), - 400 m, dead, mud, NMDP stn ZR12, dredged RV Meiring Naudé, 16.vi.1989 (NMSA E8820). KwaZulu­Natal: Off Durban (29°55.8'S 31°13.0'E), - 337–346 m, live, stn B3.1, trawled ORI, 20.ii.2006 (NMSA W8601); Off Durban, - 366 m, live, don. R. Kilburn, 01.ix.1969 (NMSA 4492). Distribution and habitat: Propeamussium sibogai is recorded throughout the tropical Indo-West Pacific from southern Japan (HaYami 2000), southwards to the Philippines and Indonesia (Dautzenberg & Bavay 1912; Knudsen 1967; Dijkstra & Kastoro 1997; Dijkstra 2013), eastwards to the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu Archipelago, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna Islands, Fiji, Tonga, and Kermadec Islands (Dijkstra 1995; 2001; Dijkstra & Maestrati 2008; 2013; Dijkstra & Marshall 2008), and westwards only recorded from off Durban, South Africa (Knudsen 1967). Now also from the Mozambique Channel and northwestern and southern Madagascar (new record). Propeamussium sibogai is living on soft substrata of mud or muddy sand at a bathyal depth of - 90–750 m (Dijkstra 2013; present records).Present material live at - 340– 750 m. Remarks: All morphological characters of the present material are identical to the holotype from the Bali Sea, Indonesia. These characters are rather constant and can slightly vary in number of the internal ribs. Occasionally on one or both sides the lateral rib is divided into two separated ribs. The southwestern Indian Ocean morph does not have divided lateral ribs and thus only 6 internal ribs (typically 7). Propeamussium sibogai is the type species of Luteamussium Oyama, 1951: 82, which was treated by Hertlein (1969: N350) as a junior synonym of Propeamussium, subsequently followed in literature by most authors (see references). Descriptions of the soft parts, reproduction and diet are given by Knudsen (1967: 272)., Published as part of Dijkstra, H. H. & Maestrati, P., 2015, Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae and Cyclochlamydidae) from the southwestern Indian Ocean, pp. 585 in African Invertebrates 56 (3) on pages 594-595, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0307, http://zenodo.org/record/7914533, {"references":["DAUTZENBERG, P. & BAVAY, A. 1904. Description d'un Amussium drague par le \" Siboga \" dans la mer de Celebes. Journal de Conchyliologie 52: 207 - 211.","KNUDSEN, J. 1967. The deep-sea Bivalvia. In: The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34. Scientific Reports 11 (3). London: British Museum (Natural History), pp. 237 - 343.","DIJKSTRA, H. H. & KASTORO, W. W. 1997. Mollusca Bivalvia: Pectinoidea (Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae) from eastern Indonesia. In: Crosnier, A. & Bouchet, P., eds, Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 16. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Zoologie 172: 245 - 285.","DIJKSTRA, H. H. & MARSHALL, B. A. 1997. Pectinoidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae: Pectinidae) of Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands. Molluscan Research 18: 73 - 114.","WANG, Z. 2002. Fauna Sinica. Invertebrata 31. Mollusca. Bivalvia. Pteriina. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)","DIJKSTRA, H. H. & MAESTRATI, P. 2008. New species and new records of deep-water Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the South Pacific. In: Heros, V., Cowie, R. H. & Bouchet, P., eds, Tropical Deep - Sea Benthos, 25. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 196: 77 - 113.","HAYAMI, I. 1988. Functional and taxonomic implications of internal ribs of Propeamussium. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series 150: 476 - 490.","DIJKSTRA, H. H. & JANSSEN, R. 2013. Bathyal and abyssal Pectinoidea from the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae, Pectinidae). Archiv fur Molluskenkunde 142: 181 - 214.","OYAMA, K. 1951. Amusiinae in Japan. List of marine molluscan genera, subgenera and sections (Tertiary of Recent) established by Japanese authors (1925 - 1949), 4. In: Kuroda, T., ed., Illustrated catalogue of Japanese shells 1 (13): 85 - 86.","HERTLEIN, L. G. 1969. FamilY Pectinidae Rafinesque, 1815. In: Moore, R. C., ed., Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part N, Vol. 1, Mollusca 6, Bivalvia. Boulder, Colorado: The University of Kansas, Lawrence and The Geological Society of America, pp. N 348 - N 372."]}

This paper addresses the systematics of Pectinoidea collected in the northeast Atlantic on the Lusitanian seamounts, on Galicia Bank, and on the Meteor group seamounts. There are 21 species recorded, of which three (Parvamussium intuslaevis, Cyclopecten cincinnatus, Cyclopecten vimineus from the Meteor group seamounts) are described as new. A lectotype is designated for Propeamussium lucidum (Jeffreys in Thomson, 1873). Cyclopecten antiquatus (Philippi, 1844) is for the first time recorded alive at 805–1160 m on the Meteor group and Galicia seamounts, and distinguished from the Mediterranean–eastern Atlantic species C. hoskynsi (Forbes, 1844). Bathypecten Schein‐Fatton, 1985, is placed in synonymy of Catillopecten Iredale, 1939, and the relevant North Atlantic species accordingly named Catillopecten eucymatus (Dall, 1898) (comb. nov.). The character regarding the development of internal ribs, traditionally considered to diagnose Parvamussium and Cyclopecten, is here shown to conflict with characters of th...

Propeamussium meridionale (Smith, 1885) Amussium meridionale Smith, 1885: 316, pl. 24, figs 1-1a. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Southern Indian Ocean. 50°01’S, 123°00’E, 3292 m (“ Challenger ” stn 158), lectotype spm (NMHUK 1887.2.9.337), designated by Dijkstra (1995: 19). Solomon Islands. SALOMON 2, stn CP 2182, 08°47’S, 159°38’E, 762-1060 m, 1 lv. — Stn CP 2249, 07°31’S, 156°18’E, 782-884 m, 5 lv. — Stn CP 2250, 07°29’S, 156°17’E, 845-970 m, 51 spms, 2 lv, 2 rv. DISTRIBUTION. — See Dijkstra & Maestrati (2008: 83). Now also Solomon Islands, live in 845- 970 m., Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Maestrati, Philippe, 2013, New species and new records of bathyal living Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae: Pectinidae) from the Southwest Pacific, pp. 469-478 in Zoosystema 35 (4) on page 470, DOI: 10.5252/z2013n4a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5165280, {"references":["SMITH E. A. 1885. - Report on the Lamellibranchiata collected by H. M. S. \" Challenger \" during the years 1873 - 76, in Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Zoology 13 (35): 1 - 341.","DIJKSTRA H. H. 1995. - Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae: Entoliidae, Pectinidae) from New Caledonia and adjacent areas, in BOUCHET P. (ed.), Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM, volume 14. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 167: 9 - 73.","DIJKSTRA H. H. & MAESTRATI P. 2008. - New species and new records of deep-water Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the South Pacific, in HEROS V, COWIE R. H. & BOUCHET P. (eds), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos 25. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 196: 77 - 113."]}

Propeamussium investigatoris (Smith, 1906) Amussium investigatoris Smith, 1906: 255. Propeamussium investigatoris – Dijkstra & Kastoro 1997: 248, figs 11-15 (synonymy, references, type data, description, distribution). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — India. W of Travancore, 410- 519 m, lectotype spm (ZSI M835/1), designated by Dijkstra & Kastoro (1997: 250). Vanuatu. SANTO 2006, stn AT19, 15°40.8’S, 167°00.5’E, 503-600 m, 3 spms. — Stn AT70, 15°40.7’S, 167°00.5’E, 517-614 m, 2 lv. — Stn AT72, 15°44.1’S, 167°03.3’E, 618-722 m, 1 spm. — Stn AT73, 15°40.8’S, 167°00.5’E, 514-636 m, 2 spms, 1 lv. DISTRIBUTION. — Northern Indian Ocean, Indonesia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, Kermadec Islands, alive in 176-688 m (Dijkstra & Maestrati 2008: 82)., Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Maestrati, Philippe, 2012, Pectinoidea (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae n. fam., Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the Vanuatu Archipelago, pp. 389-408 in Zoosystema 34 (2) on page 391, DOI: 10.5252/z2012n2a12, http://zenodo.org/record/5165513, {"references":["SMITH E. A. 1906. - Natural history notes from H. M. Indian Marine Survey Steamer \" Investigator \", series 3 (10). On Mollusca from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 18: 157 - 175, 245 - 264.","DIJKSTRA H. H. & KASTORO W. W. 1997. - Mollusca Bivalvia: Pectinoidea (Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae) from eastern Indonesia, in CROSNIER A. & BOUCHET P. (eds), Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM, volume 16. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle 172: 245 - 285.","DIJKSTRA H. H. & MAESTRATI P. 2008. - New species and new records of deep-water Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the South Pacific, in HEROS V., COWIE R. H. & BOUCHET P. (eds), Tropical deep-sea benthos, volume 25. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 196: 77 - 113."]}

Propeamussium rubrotinctum (Oyama, 1951) Parvamussium (Parvamussium) rubrotinctum Oyama, 1951: 81, pl. 13, figs 8-10. Propeamussium rubrotinctum – Dijkstra 1995b: 21, figs 23-26 (synonymy, references, type data, description, distribution). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Japan. Gulf of Tosa, off Shikoku, depth not recorded, type material untraceable, not in the Tosa Museum and Aquarium (Dr K. Oyama, pers.comm.). Vanuatu. SANTO 2006, stn AT58, 15°33.0’S, 167°19.3’E, 364-390 m, 1 spm. DISTRIBUTION. — Japan, South China Sea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Wallis and Futuna, Tonga, in 210-869 m (Dijkstra & Maestrati 2008: 84)., Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Maestrati, Philippe, 2012, Pectinoidea (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae n. fam., Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the Vanuatu Archipelago, pp. 389-408 in Zoosystema 34 (2) on pages 391-392, DOI: 10.5252/z2012n2a12, http://zenodo.org/record/5165513, {"references":["OYAMA K. 1951. - Amusiinae in Japan, in KURODA T. (ed.), Illustrated Catalogue of Japanese Shells 13: 79 - 89.","DIJKSTRA H. H. 1995 b. - Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae: Entoliidae, Pectinidae) from New Caledonia and adjacent areas, in BOUCHET P. (ed.), Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM, volume 14. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 167: 9 - 73.","DIJKSTRA H. H. & MAESTRATI P. 2008. - New species and new records of deep-water Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the South Pacific, in HEROS V., COWIE R. H. & BOUCHET P. (eds), Tropical deep-sea benthos, volume 25. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 196: 77 - 113."]}

A correlation of bivalve biostratigraphic units recognized in different regions around the Pacific is attempted. Thesame bivalve groups and frequently the same genera are used in both northern and southern regions, involving monotaceans and pectinaceans for the Lower Jurassic and inoceramids for the Middle Jurassic. Five Lower Jurassic assemblage zones have been recognized in Argentina. A Meleagrinella faunule is found in Toarcian-Aalenian deposits and a Propeamussium andium Assemblage Zone spans the lowest Bajocian. One faunule and four assemblage zones are proposed for the Bajocian-Callovian of Argentina based on the distribution of inoceramid faunas: Retroceramus cf. inconditus faunule; Parainoceramus? westermanni, R. marwicki, R. patagonicus and R. stehni Assemblage Zones. All of them are accurately calibrated against the local ammonite zonation. Relation of these bivalve assemblages with Northeast and Far-East Russia bivalve zonations shows approximately equivalent distributions in time for similar groups, though most South American assemblages consistently seem to be somewhat younger than their Boreal counterparts. The comparison shows that direct correlation between bivalve zones is possible, especially between relatively close regions. Furthermore, knowledge obtained from Andean faunas can be applied to adjust the age of local units based on bivalves, such as the New Zealand stages.

Propeamussium watsoni (Smith, 1885) Amussium watsoni Smith, 1885: 309, pl. 22, figs 8-8c. Propeamussium watsoni – Dijkstra 1995a: 24, figs 27-30, 123, 124 (synonymy, references, type data, distribution, description). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Guinea. NE, 1957 m, lectotype spm (BMNH 1887.2.9.3307, designated by Dijkstra [1995a: 24]). Rapa. BENTHAUS, stn CP 1911, 27°38’S, 144°15’W, 900-1300 m, 1 lv, 1 rv. DISTRIBUTION. — Northern Indian Ocean, southern Japan, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu (Dijkstra 2001: 82). Depth range 650-1300 m (alive). Now also Austral Islands (new record), only single valves at 900 m depth. REMARKS The left and right valves are similar to the type material, although the commarginal lamellae on the left valve are somewhat more closely arranged (intermediate lamellar space is variable). Other shell characters are identical to the type material., Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Maestrati, Philippe, 2010, Pectinoidea (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the Austral Islands (French Polynesia), pp. 333-358 in Zoosystema 32 (2) on pages 334-335, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n2a6, http://zenodo.org/record/4521132, {"references":["SMITH E. A. 1885. - Report on the Lamellibranchiata collected by H. M. S. \" Challenger \" during the years 1873 - 1876, in Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. \" Challenger \" During the Years 1873 - 1876. Zoology 13 (35): 1 - 341.","DIJKSTRA H. H. 1995 a. - Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae: Entoliidae, Pectinidae) from New Caledonia and adjacent areas, in BOUCHET P. (ed.), Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM, volume 14. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 167: 9 - 73."]}

Propeamussium caducum (Smith, 1885) Amussium caducum Smith, 1885: 309, pl. 23, figs 1-1c. Propeamussium caducum – Dijkstra 1995b: 15, figs 9, 10, 129-132 (synonymy, references, type data, description, distribution). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Philippines. W of Luzon, 1280 m, lectotype spm (NHMUK 1887.2.9.3310), designated by Dijkstra (1995b: 17). Vanuatu. SANTO 2006, stn AT19, 15°40.8’S, 167°00.5’E, 503-600 m, 5 spms, 1 lv. — Stn AT59, 15°31.5’S, 167°21.9’E, 759-985 m, 3 spms. — Stn AT70, 15°40.7’S, 167°00.5’E, 517-614 m, 1 spm. — Stn AT72, 15°44.1’S, 167°03.3’E, 618-722 m, 1 spm. — Stn AT73, 15°40.8’S, 167°00.5’E, 514-636 m, 3 spms, 4 lv. — Stn AT107, 14°58.6’S, 166°52.5’E, 807-844 m, 1 spm, 1 lv, 1 rv. — Stn AT110, 15°01.6’S, 166°55.0’E, 567 m, 1 spm. DISTRIBUTION. — Zanzibar area, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia. Bathymetric range: formerly recorded from 176 to 688 m (Dijkstra & Maestrati 2008: 82), here extended to 807 m., Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Maestrati, Philippe, 2012, Pectinoidea (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae n. fam., Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the Vanuatu Archipelago, pp. 389-408 in Zoosystema 34 (2) on page 391, DOI: 10.5252/z2012n2a12, http://zenodo.org/record/5165513, {"references":["SMITH E. A. 1885. - Report on the Lamellibranchiata collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology 13 (35): 1 - 341.","DIJKSTRA H. H. 1995 b. - Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae: Entoliidae, Pectinidae) from New Caledonia and adjacent areas, in BOUCHET P. (ed.), Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM, volume 14. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 167: 9 - 73.","DIJKSTRA H. H. & MAESTRATI P. 2008. - New species and new records of deep-water Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the South Pacific, in HEROS V., COWIE R. H. & BOUCHET P. (eds), Tropical deep-sea benthos, volume 25. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 196: 77 - 113."]}

Propeamussium alcocki (Smith, 1894) Amussium alcocki Smith, 1894: 172, pl. 5, figs 15-16. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — The type material (see Dijkstra 1995: 33 spms; stn CP 1415, 16˚31’S, 179˚00’W, 670-682 m, 1 spm; 13, figs 133-137). stn CP 1460, 18˚47’S, 178˚47’W, 750-767 m, 2 spms; stn CP Solomon. SALOMON 1: stn CP 1750, 09°15.6’S, 159°54.6’E, 1491, 18˚50’S, 178˚27’W, 777-787 m, 2 spms; stn CP 1502, 693- 696 m, 3 lv; stn CP 1751, 09°10.4’S, 159°53.0’E, 749-799 18˚21’S, 178˚27’W, 640-660 m, 2 spms; stn CP 1504, 18˚13’S, m, 1 lv; stn CP 1753, 09°02.7’S, 159°49.4’E, 1001-1012 m, 178˚34’W, 427-440 m, 1 spm. 4 spms. Tonga. BORDAU 2: stn CP 1625, 23˚28’S, 176˚22’W, 824 m, Fiji. BORDAU 1: stn CP 1413, 16˚10’S, 179˚24’W, 669-676 m, 6 spms. DISTRIBUTION. — Gulf of Aden, Laccadive Sea, Bay of Bengal, Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands (Dijkstra 1995: 13), Indonesia (Dijkstra & Kastoro 1997: 247), Norfolk Island (Dijkstra & Marshall 1997: 74), Wallis and Futuna and Vanuatu (Dijkstra 2001: 74); live in 750-1353 m. New records for the Solomon Islands, Fiji and Tonga. Present material live in 440-1001 m. REMARKS. — The present material is similar to the type specimens, although somewhat darker in colour (brownish, whitish is typical) and slightly more elongate (type specimens nearly circular)., Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Maestrati, Philippe, 2008, New species and new records of deep-water Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the South Pacific, pp. 77-114 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196 on pages 78-79, {"references":["DIJKSTRA H. H. 1995. - Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae: regions. Nature and Culture 1: 3 - 25. Tokyo.","DIJKSTRA H. H. 2001. - Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Lawrence: 348 - 373."]}

Propeamussium siratama (Oyama, 1951) Ctenamusium (Micramussium) siratama Oyama, 1951: 80, pl. 13, figs 5-7. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — The type material (see Dijkstra & 159°59’E, 364-402 m, 1 lv; stn CP 1749, 09°21’S, 159°56’E, Kastoro 1997: 253). 582-594 m, 13 spms; stn CP 1783, 08°33’S, 160°42’E, Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10: stn DW 1308, 17˚33’S, 178˚53’E, 893- 399-700 m, 3 spms; stn CP 1786, 09°21’S, 160°25’E, 387 897 m, 2 lv, 3 rv; stn CP 1309, 17˚32’S, 178˚53’E, 843-887 m, m, 1 spm; stn CP 1792, 09°15’S, 160°09’E, 477-505 m, 1 1 lv; stn CP 1353, 17˚31’S, 178˚53’E, 879-897 m, 7 spms, 7 lv, lv; stn CP 1795, 09°19’S, 160°23’E, 442-451 m, 1 rv; stn 8 rv; stn CP 1354, 17˚43’S, 178˚55’E, 959-963 m, 3 lv, 4 rv; stn CP 1801, 09°25’S, 160°26’E, 264-273 m, 1 spm; stn CP DW 1383, 18˚18’S, 178˚03’E, 230-251 m, 1 lv. — BORDAU 1: 1804, 09°32’S, 160°37’E, 309-328 m, 2 lv, 1 rv; stn CP stn CP 1400, 16˚28’S, 179˚50’W, 1004-1012 m, 2 spms. 1805, 09°35’S, 160°43’E, 367-500 m, 1 spm; stn CP 1808, Solomon Islands. SALOMON 1: stn CP 1747, 09°22’S, 09°46’S, 160°53’E, 611-636 m, 1 spm. DISTRIBUTION. — Japan, Philippines, Indonesia (Dijkstra & Kastoro 1997: 253) and New Caledonia (Dijkstra 2001: 82); live in 283-533 m. New records for the Solomon Islands and Fiji. Present material live in 273-1004 m. The specimens are from remarkably deeper water than previous records. REMARKS. — The present material matches the original description closely and is very similar to studied material from Japan (Dijkstra 2001: 82), but differs in having a few more internal ribs (10 rather then the typical 8)., Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Maestrati, Philippe, 2008, New species and new records of deep-water Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the South Pacific, pp. 77-114 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196 on page 85, {"references":["DIJKSTRA H. H. 2001. - Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Lawrence: 348 - 373."]}

Propeamussium andamanicum (Smith, 1894) Amussium andamanicum Smith, 1894: 172, pl. 5, figs 13-14. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — The type material (see Dijkstra 1995: m, 38 spms. — BORDAU 1: stn CP 1398, 16˚22’S, 179˚56’W, 15, figs 138-142). 907-912 m, 3 spms; stn CP 1458, 17˚22’S, 179˚28’W, 1216- Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10: stn CP 1354, 17˚42.6’S, 178˚55.0’E, 959- 1226 m, 21 spms. 963 m, 85 spms; stn CP 1361, 18˚00.0’S, 178˚53.7’E, 1058-1091 DISTRIBUTION. — Zanzibar area, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, Laccadive Sea, Andaman Sea, New Caledonia (Dijkstra 1995: 15), Wallis and Futuna and Vanuatu (Dijkstra 2001: 75); live in 956-2000 m. New record for Fiji. Present material live in 912-1216 m. This species seems to occur rather abundantly around Fiji, in contrast to other known localities in the southwestern Pacific. REMARKS. — The present material is almost identical to the type specimens, except that the commarginal lirae on the left valve are more delicate and more closely spaced., Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Maestrati, Philippe, 2008, New species and new records of deep-water Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the South Pacific, pp. 77-114 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196 on page 79, {"references":["DIJKSTRA H. H. 1995. - Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae: regions. Nature and Culture 1: 3 - 25. Tokyo.","DIJKSTRA H. H. 2001. - Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Lawrence: 348 - 373."]}

Propeamussium jeffreysii (Smith, 1885) Amussium jeffreysii Smith, 1885: 310, pl. 23, figs 2-2c. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — The type material (see Dijkstra 2001: m, 15 spms. — BORDAU 1: stn CP 1392, 16˚49’S, 179˚54’E, 76). 545-651 m, 1 lv; stn CP 1396, 16˚39’S, 179˚57’W, 591-596 m, Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10: stn CP 1312, 17˚25’S, 178˚34’E, 660- 7 spms, 4 lv, 2 rv; stn DW 1408, 16˚02’S, 179˚30’W, 550-561 666 m, 16 spms, 10 lv, 12 rv; stn CP 1335, 16˚53’S, 178˚03’E, m, 3 rv. 729-753 m, 1 spm; stn CP 1346, 17˚20’S, 178˚32’E, 673-683 DISTRIBUTION. — Southeast Africa, Gulf of Aden, Maldive Islands, Japan and Philippines (Knudsen 1967: 277), Wallis and Futuna and Vanuatu (Dijkstra 2001: 78); live in 290- 797 m. New record for Fiji. Present material live in 596- 729 m. REMARKS. — The present material is similar to the type specimens, although somewhat more circular in shape (type specimens are more elongate and slightly posteriorly oblique), the sculpture on the left valve is slightly more prominent (type specimens with weaker commarginal sculpture) and the internal ribs are more numerous (present material 11-12 with numerous rudimentary interstitial riblets; type specimens 10 with one or two rudimentary riblets)., Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Maestrati, Philippe, 2008, New species and new records of deep-water Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the South Pacific, pp. 77-114 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196 on page 83, {"references":["DIJKSTRA H. H. 2001. - Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Lawrence: 348 - 373.","KNUDSEN J. 1967. - The deep-sea Bivalvia., The John Murray Expedition WAGNER H. P. 1988. - A new scallop species (Mollusca; Bivalvia; Pectinidae) 1933 - 34, Scientific Reports 11 (3): 237 - 343. from the southern Philippines. Basteria 52: 37 - 39."]}

Propeamussium sibogai (Dautzenberg & Bavay, 1904) Amussium sibogai Dautzenberg & Bavay, 1904: 207, figs 1-4. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — The type material (see Dijkstra 1995: 178 ˚27’W, 777-787 m, 1 lv; stn DW 1493, 18˚43’S, 178˚24’W, 23). 429-440 m, 6 spms; stn DW 1496, 18˚43’S, 178˚23’W, 392- Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10: stn CP 1360, 18˚00’S, 178˚48’E, 402- 407 m, 1 spm; stn CP 1505, 18˚12’S, 178˚37’W, 420-450 m, 444 m, 2 spms. — BORDAU 1: stn CP 1395, 16˚45’S, 179˚59’E, 2 spms. 423-500 m, 2 spms; stn CP 1411, 16˚05’S, 179˚28’W, 390-403 Tonga. BORDAU 2: stn CP 1613, 23˚03’S, 175˚47’W, 331-352 m, 1 lv; stn CP 1412, 16˚06’S, 179˚28’W, 400-407 m, 1 spm; stn m, 1 lv; stn DW 1614, 23˚02’S, 175˚51’W, 429-549 m, 5 lv, 3 DW 1421, 17˚08’S, 178˚59’W, 403-406 m, 1 spm; stn CP 1468, rv. 18˚16’S, 178˚41’W, 478-500 m, 1 rv; stn CP 1481, 20˚57’S, Solomon. SALOMON 1: stn DW 1835, 10°10’S, 161°24’E, 464- 178˚45’W, 441-506 m, 1 spm, 1 lv; stn CP 1491, 18˚50’S, 482 m, 1 lv. DISTRIBUTION. — Southeast Africa, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, northwest Australia, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands (Dijkstra 1995: 23), Kermadec Islands (Dijkstra & Marshall 1997: 79), Wallis and Futuna and Vanuatu (Dijkstra 2001: 81); live in 183- 710 m. New records for the Solomon Islands, Fiji and Tonga. Present material live in 406- 441 m. REMARKS. — The present material is similar to the holotype, although the shells are more fragile and transparent whitish with white internal ribs, whereas the holotype is generally pale brownish with dark brownish ribs., Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Maestrati, Philippe, 2008, New species and new records of deep-water Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the South Pacific, pp. 77-114 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196 on pages 84-85, {"references":["DIJKSTRA H. H. 1995. - Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae: regions. Nature and Culture 1: 3 - 25. Tokyo.","DIJKSTRA H. H. 2001. - Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Lawrence: 348 - 373."]}

Propeamussium(Parvamussium)holzensen. sp. andPropeamussium(Parvamussium)robinsonensen. sp. are described from the Upper Cretaceous Holz Shale Member of the Ladd Formation, Santa Ana Mountains, southern California. These species occur withBostrychoceras elongatum(Whiteaves),Glyptoxoceras subcompressum(Forbes), andInoceramus orientalus(Sokolow), which are indicative of a late medial Santonian age (Bostrychoceras elongatumBiochron).Propeamussium(Parvamussium)cowperi(Waring), from the Campanian Chatsworth Formation of the Simi Hills, southern California, is also redescribed and reillustrated for comparative purposes.

Stratigraphic and paleontologic data on the Pleistocene marine transgressions make it possible to establish biogeographic regions and subregions in the late glacial (interstadial), ultimate, and penultimate interglacial stages. Morphologic stability of species suggests that the ecology was unchanged, and that the zoogeographical units established recently by Z. A. Filatova can be used for reconstruction. In nearshore zones of Mindel-Riss sea basins (Stor, Holstein, North, Kolvin-Padymey, Sanchugovka, Pinakul seas), the northern limit of the Atlantic middle boreal subregion was near Denmark, the high boreal subregion was in the eastern part of the "Pechora Land," and the low arctic boundary was on the right tributaries of the Yenisey River. The Pacific boreal region extended to the west coast of Bering Strait. Open shelves were inhabited by low arctic mollusks on the western side of Eurasia; east from the Kanin Peninsula there lived high arctic species now distributed in the Eurasian marine province (fauna with Propeamussium groenlandicum, Bathyarca, and Cuspidaria). In the Riss-Wurm (Eem, Boreal, Kazantzevo, Val'katlen) seas, the boundaries of the Atlantic middle boreal and high boreal subregions were in the North Dvina River basin and on the Pyasina River, respectively. The Atlantic low arctic subregion was connected with the Pacific. A province with a Portlandia fauna was present in the eastern Baltic. In the Bolling-Allerod stage, middle boreal mollusks were distributed as far north as Bergen; high boreal mollusks reached Tromso and the Danish Straits. Pacific low arctic species were displaced to 175°W long. The Mindel, Riss, and Wurm seas were inhabited by arctic mollusks along the entire coast. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2510