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The biological synthesis of nanoparticles with copper, silver, and zinc (Cu, Ag, Zn) is reported in this study, adopting a greener, safe, reliable, and eco-friendly approach by using an aqueous leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus. The synthesised trimetallic nanoparticles were characterised using different characterisation techniques. The UV–visible spectroscopic technique was initially used to assess nanoparticle formation, in which absorption bands were observed at 220, 270, and 370 nm for Cu, Zn, and Ag nanocomposites, respectively. XRD revealed that the average crystalline size of the nanocomposites was 34.67 nm. The roles of reducing and capping/stabilising agents in the synthesis of Cu/Ag/Zn nanoparticles were confirmed by FTIR analysis, and the successful biosynthesis of the same was also confirmed by X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Potential applications of these synthesised trimetallic nanoparticles were evaluated by assessing their antioxidant and catalytic dye degradation activities. The antioxidant activity of the synthesised nanomaterial was studied using the DPPH assay. The catalytic breakdown of the harmful dyes phenol red and eosin yellow was examined using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The results showed that the nanomaterial’s radical scavenging capacity at 1000 ug/mL was 75.76% and the degradation of these dyes was up to 78% in the presence of NaBH4. Furthermore, the biogenic trimetallic nanomaterial exhibited effective catalytic degradation activity against methyl red and phenol red dyes.

AMedicinal plants always play an important role in pharmaceutical applications. Swertia chirayita is one of the chief plants of the Gentianeace family. It is a potent drug used in Ayurveda, Siddha, and Homoeopathy in many formulations and is efficient in the healing of a range of diseases. The foremost emphasis of this assessment is in the direction of evaluating the versatile, multi-potential medicinal use of Swertia chirayita and updating information about pharmacognostical, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies. Swertia chirayitais has extensive types of characteristics, such as antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, antioxidant activity, etc. The current scenario and condition of this plant show that the prevailing number of these species is ebbing at a very great proportion. So, there must be different efficient conservation and sustentation strategies that can be put into effect for the preservation of this plant in its natural ecosystem. If felicitous methods are not augmented and employed, the extinction of these species cannot be ruled out anytime soon in the future. So, at this critical stage, there must be some urgent and active conservation strategies to be implemented at the earliest possible date. Keywords: Swertia chirayita, Gentianaceae, Chemical composition, Amarogentine, Pharmacological.

Data analysis involves the deployment of sophisticated approaches from data mining methods, information theory, and artificial intelligence in various fields like tourism, hospitality, and so on for the extraction of knowledge from the gathered and preprocessed data. In tourism, pattern analysis or data analysis using classification is significant for finding the patterns that represent new and potentially useful information or knowledge about the destination and other data. Several data mining techniques are introduced for the classification of data or patterns. However, overfitting, less accuracy, local minima, sensitive to noise are the drawbacks in some existing data mining classification methods. To overcome these challenges, Support vector machine with Red deer optimization (SVM-RDO) based data mining strategy is proposed in this article. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is utilized in the first phase, i.e., data cleaning to remove the noise and missing values from the input data. Mantaray foraging algorithm (MaFA) is used in the data selection phase, in which the significant data are selected for the further process to reduce the computational complexity. The final phase is the classification, in which SVM-RDO is proposed to access the useful pattern from the selected data. PYTHON is the implementation tool used for the experiment of the proposed model. The experimental analysis is done to show the efficacy of the proposed work. From the experimental results, the proposed SVM-RDO achieved better accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score than the existing methods for the tourism dataset. Thus, it is showed the effectiveness of the proposed SVM-RDO for pattern analysis.

Nanoscale complexes of Mn(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) with 6,15-diamino-1,4,9,12-tetraazacyclohexadecane-5,8,13,16-tetraone were synthesized by ultrasonic sonication method. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen elemental (CHN) analysis, mass spectrometry (MS), and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy were used to identify and suggest the structure of the synthesized nanocomplexes. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) revealed that the size of the synthesized nanocomplexes was 44–58 nm. Based on these studies, hexagonal, monoclinic, and cubic unit cell structure has been proposed for the synthesized Mn(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II), respectively. The theoretical calculations of the synthesized nanocomplexes were carried out by a GAUSSIAN 09 program involving geometry optimization and bond parameters using the B3LYP method. Moreover, binding energy, HOMO, and LUMO have been calculated. In addition, hardness, softness, chemical potential, and dipole moment were calculated for ligand and its metal nanocomplexes. The biological efficacy of the synthesized nanocomplexes was examined and found to be better and highly effective drug delivery system (DDS) for the antimicrobial and antioxidative agent.

A simple synchronous fluorescent chemosensor 3-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (3-HC) has been synthesized for the selective analysis of Al3+. On the addition of Al3+, 3-HC displayed a redshift with a change in wavelength of emission maximum from 436 to 465 nm along with enhancement in fluorescence intensity, which formed the basis for its sensitive detection. Under optimized conditions, 3-HC was applied for the determination of Al3+ in the concentration range of 1 × 10-7-1 × 10-6 M. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were found out to be 1.69 × 10-8 and 5.07 × 10-8 M respectively. Further, the developed method was applied for the analysis of Al3+ in real water samples (tap water, bottled water, and tube well water) which showed good recovery values in the range of 95-99.7% with RSD less than 4%.

A simple pyrazoline-based ‘‘turn off’’ fluorescent sensor 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (PFM) was synthesized and well characterized by different techniques such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry. The synthesized sensor PFM was utilized for the detection of Fe3+ ions. Fluorescence emission selectively quenched by Fe3+ ions compared to other metal ions (Mn2+, Al3+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ ) via paramagnetic fluorescence quenching and showed good anti-interference ability over the existence of other tested metals. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity of sensor quenched by Fe3+ in the range of 0 to 3 μM with detection limit of 0.12 μM. Binding of Fe3+ ions to PFM solution was studied by fluorescent titration, revealed formation of 1:1 PFM-Fe metal complex and binding constant of complex was found to be of 1.3 × 105 M−1. Further, the fluorescent sensor has been potentially used for the detection of Fe3+ in environmental samples (river water, tap water, and sewage waste water) with satisfactory recovery values of 99-101%.

Aphids and beetles are known to be the most destructive house hold pests. The insecticides used against these pests are known to be toxic and harmful for plants, animals and human beings. Weeds are...

The fruits of Trapa bispinosa (TB) and seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum (TF) are used for their nutraceutical properties in various systems of traditional medicine practiced in India. In this stu...

A simple fluorescent chemosensor 5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-1-phenyl-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (PY) has been synthesized for the detection of Cd

A simple synchronous fluorescent chemosensor 3-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (3-HC) has been synthesized for the selective analysis of Al

Due to continuing migration of people in Dehradun city from neighborhood areas such as Uttar Pradesh, Tehri Garhwal and many more, the many problems have been faced by people living in the city. Due to increase in population blast in the Dehradun city, it is difficult to provide good living condition to each and every citizen. The city is converting from green to grey. The Dehradun which is famous for basmati rice, litchi and mangoes and exporting throughout the world now not enough growth to feed Dehradun people itself. All the old rivers of city Rispana, Kalsi, Swaha, Bindal converted into Slums. To overcome of that condition, we construct smart city. Smart city means growth of city in all the dimensions such as social, economic, infrastructural, environmental and quality of growth. Smart city as the solution of urbanization as well as construct green building for the good living condition of human health. The research paper aim is to improve the performance of environment and save energy. Objective of writing this paper is to study the transformation of Dehradun city from old traditional to New look i.e., smart intelligent city. Second objective of this research paper is comparing the Dehradun Prime location centrally located Ashley Hall, Gandhi park, a part of Nashville road has been chosen as project boundary for analysis metrics with leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED) checklist. LEED is an international recognized green building certification. The work is carried out by researcher focusing thorough study of smart city project, comparison of old and present Dehradun city and then certification will be done by providing award points the major areas covered are sustainable sites, water efficiency, atmosphere energy efficiency, Material and resources, Indoor healthy environment and innovative design process all seven parameters are checked and awarded with points. This paper focusses on the smart cities design factors which are critical for the success of the smart design.

As we crawl into the second decade of the twenty-first century, economy of several countries has hit rock bottom due to widespread of the pandemic “COVID-19”. It is crucial to understand and comprehend that architecture is a powerful visual and objective tool that influences the economy of a region. Hence this research paper’s objective is to unfold the impact of COVID-19 on architectural education and industry. To achieve this objective, a survey was conducted among more than 100 architecture students, academicians and professionals focusing on various factors such as finances, mental health, technology etc. In this paper, the relation between two variables is measured by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The survey result depicts the major reasons recorded affecting the architectural/construction industry that were lack of labor, coordination issues, unfavorable government policies, and unavailability of material. Architectural students and academicians both strongly believed that education should not continue via online mode. It was noted that majority were affected by mental health issues/depression due to unemployment and financial losses.

This paper presents different Data Mining Algorithms to be used to access data patterns in Tourism Industry and their applications using Data Mining Tool like WEKA which is a popular software, and useful patterns can be found efficiently. Data Mining, as the name implies is the science by which hidden and interesting information can be found from large datasets analogous to Gold Miners who extract precious metal sieving through a lot of raw material. Normal day to day business operations create huge voluminous data which is needed to be utilized properly to find information to make efficient, effective, and prompt decisions otherwise businesses can not sustain in competitive environment. There are some techniques and algorithms used in data mining for determining interesting hidden patterns. data mining algorithms are becoming popular day by day in various applications like Travel and Tourism. Nowadays, a number of data mining applications are available for Public use. Therefore, we have to judge which particular algorithm or application suits a problem domain. The idea behind applying data mining is very straight forward, it is similar to a human being becoming intelligent from learning by examples and experience. Similarly, in data mining the behavior of given system (training dataset) is learned by application, and certain rules are developed. Then these rules are used to evaluate the behavior/result for the given situation (test dataset). The overall goal of this paper is to classify some data mining algorithms and applications, draw a comparative study that which one is better for tourism industry and under what circumstances.

A blacksmith is a person who forges, or shapes, metal by first heating it until it is red-hot, then uses tools like chisels and hammers to force the metal into the shape he desires. Blacksmiths usually work standing up and have to bend over to work on pieces of metal. The work can involve heavy lifting, use of power tools such as power hammers, drills, air chisels and hydraulic presses. However, use of such power tools and poor body posture lead to MSDs. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common health problem throughout the world and a major cause of disability in the workplace. MSDs are found due to Inappropriate and poor working postures, lack of task variation, poor ergonomic design of work places, and poor design of plant layout, long working hours, low salaries and awkward schedules are all areas where relatively simple intervention can significantly reduce the rate of exposure to MSDs. They also deal with extremely hot objects and face a constant worry about fire and heat. The blacksmiths perform repetitive hammering jobs that give shape to the instruments. This type of job not only requires skill but is also time consuming. Hammering jobs are responsible for most of the incidents. In Iron & Steel and other manufacturing industries, foundries and forges produce a lots of pollutants in the environment – both working and ambient environment. In these processes, metals are extracted and produced from ores by various metallurgical processes and processes for moulding, melting and castings etc. are accompanied by evolution of heat, noise, dust fines, fly-ash, oxides of Nitrogen, Sulphur and metals. Particulate matters are generated in large quantities when preparing mould core sands and moulds melting metals, pouring metal, knocking out poured moulds and loading and unloading raw materials. Here metals are given a specific shape by metal castings for various engineering purposes. Gaseous matters like gases, vapours, fumes and smoke are produced during melting and pouring operations. The major pollutants are emitted from various work areas in Foundry i.e. Pattern shop, Sand preparation, moulding and core making, mould drying and ladle heating, cupola, electric arc furnace, pouring and mould cooling, knockout, fettling, heat treatment etc. In addition, various air pollutants and noise pollutants (Davis, 2002) are produced from forge shops and other manufacturing industrial units. So keeping all these factors in mind, a study was conducted to assess the risks involved among forging workers of Uttrakhand state of India. For this purpose 120 workers were taken through snowball technique. The data revealed that the most common problem faced by the workers was improper working posture and inappropriate working environment. Due to poorly designed work place, working environment, and working tools, workers physiological and psychological cost of work was high they reported to have health problems like back ache, shoulder ache and difficulty in movement of hands while in operation. Workers were also observed to be found irritated and restless.

The present study was conducted in mountain region of Uttarakhand, a hilly state of India. The objective of the study was to find the injury and accidents data due to poor lighting. It was assumed that injuries and accidents among hill people occur due to poor lighting. For this purpose descriptive research design was used. In Uttarakhand state, districts i.e Almora and Nainital were selected purposively from which purposive selection of 4 villages was done. From each village, 30 families were selected by simple random sampling technique without replacement to make a total sample of 120 families. The data was collected through interview schedule and observation. Descriptive and statistical analysis of data was done with the help of frequency, per cent and chi-square test respectively. The records focused that main accidents and injuries in last 10 years due to poor lighting were fall and slip outside the house, catching of fire during cooking and burning of finger while lighting kerosene lamp and cutting finger during vegetable cutting, animal/snake bite, attack of wild animate, catching fire to the cattle and burning of cattle with the use of kerosene lamp. The results were found to be significant at p

Women have long occupied a central place in agriculture production in developing countries, ensuring food security for their household and communities, but this role is not performed without adverse consequences for health. The major consequences include health risks owing due to women’s use and exposure to hazardous agro-chemicals/pesticides, farm-related accidents or physical injuries and exposure to hazardous solid fuel in the interior house. Developing countries like India have many polluting sources that produce high level of human exposure. Indoor air pollution in developing countries from biomass smoke is considered to be a significant source of public health hazard, particularly to the poor and vulnerable women and children. Women and children face the greatest exposure to the harmful health effects of pollution. Women traditionally carry out most household chores and spend a considerable part of their time indoors. The pollution also affects young children under their mothers’ care. Another source of high risk of ill health in rural India is exposure to spray of pesticides in the fields. In India, 70% of the population is farmers and they are the target group to be affected by the hazards of pesticide applications. In India, 70% of the population is farmers and they are the target group to be affected by the hazards of pesticide applications. Moreover, in developing countries the users are rather careless in handling pesticides. The high risk groups exposed to pesticides include the production workers, formulators, sprayers, mixers, loaders and agricultural farm workers. During manufacture and formulation, the possibility of hazards may be more because the processes involved are not risk free. In India, 70% of the population is farmers and they are the target group to be affected by the hazards of pesticide applications. Moreover, in developing countries the users are rather careless in handling pesticides. All pesticides in a given chemical group generally affect the human body in the same way; however, severity of the effects varies depending on the formulation, concentration, toxicity and route of exposure of the pesticide. Descriptive cum experimental research design was chosen for the study. The study was carried out in two districts Udham Singh Nagar and Nainital. Purposive cum Random sampling design was used to select the study area. Total sample size was comprised of 240 women from rural areas of Uttarakhand state in India. Experimental data was recorded through various scientific instruments and descriptive data was collected through interview schedule, awareness scales, and observation sheet. On the basis of anthropometric measurements the 5th, 50th and 95th percentile was calculated for the designing of personal protective equipments (gloves and coverall) through CAD for reducing the hazards of pesticide spraying and designing of chimney for minimizing the hazards of smoke originated by traditional cooking source. It was found from investigation that indoor air pollution and pesticide hazards were almost same for the families of hill region but sufferings related to indoor air pollution and pesticide hazards were more in the plain region as compare to hill region. The healthy and natural environmental conditions in the hill region and less dense housing of this region were the cause of less suffering from cooking smoke and pesticide spraying conditions. Taking the above fact into account the chances of diseases, risks and hazards were less for families of hill region.

Multiple studies in India have found elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in target populations. However the data have not yet been evaluated to understand population-wide exposure levels. We used arithmetic mean blood lead data published from 2010 to 2018 on Indian populations to calculate the average BLLs for multiple subgroups. We then calculated the attributable disease burden in IQ decrement and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Our Pubmed search yielded 1066 articles. Of these, 31 studies representing the BLLs of 5472 people in 9 states met our study criteria. Evaluating these, we found a mean BLL of 6.86 μg/dL (95% CI: 4.38–9.35) in children and 7.52 μg/dL (95% CI: 5.28–9.76) in non-occupationally exposed adults. We calculated that these exposures resulted in 4.9 million DALYs (95% CI: 3.9–5.6) in the states we evaluated. Population-wide BLLs in India remain elevated despite regulatory action to eliminate leaded petrol, the most significant historical source. The estimated attributable disease burden is larger than previously calculated, particularly with regard to associated intellectual disability outcomes in children. Larger population-wide BLL studies are required to inform future calculations. Policy responses need to be developed to mitigate the worst exposures. Keywords: Blood, Lead, India, Meta-analysis, DALYs, Contamination

Slip, trip and falls continue to be significant occupational safety concern, and causes of occupational injuries and fatalities in the workplace and daily activities. This paper shows the results of a comparative study done in the hill region of India. It explored the slip, trip and fall injuries in terms of activities leading to them and impact o f such injuries among the hill women of different age groups: young adults, middle aged and elderly. It was found that most of the slip, trip and falls were faced during the activity of carrying fodder (52.78 %), carrying firewood (49.44 %), collecting fodder (47.78 %), collecting firewood (43.89 %) and collecting dung (40.56 %). Most of the slip acci-dents were reported by elderly age group as compared to middle aged and young adults. Majority of the respond-ents got hurt their back and/or they suffered from back pain (76.67 %), faced general pain (72.22 %) and fractures (45.00 %). Most of the respondents reported the possible perceived reason for slip, trip and falls as slippery terrain (82.78 %), followed by 80.00 % of respondents who reported carrying excess load as the major reason. Other reasons reported were being rushed at work (77.77 %), awkward or unusual working posture (76.66 %).This study brings in light the dangerous working conditions of hill women, who often suffers from many injuries including slip, trip and falls even just for meeting her daily family needs such as water, fuel, fodder.

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Often when we imagine the kind of workers who get workplace injuries, we think of those who need to exert a lot of physical energy on the job. It is true that employees in these work environments may be at greater risk for injury, but office workers are also at risk. Front Office work is rapidly changing, as new developments in computer technology come along which can make our jobs easier, but which also can present new problems for both management and employees. There is enough information contained here to allow a single employee to set up their own workstation to suit the way they work. This paper provides with the information and tools necessary to analyze office jobs related health problems. A descriptive research enumerates the existing conditions in which the researcher has no control over the variables and can report only actual conditions. The interview schedule was found to be an appropriate tool, which would adequately gather information pertaining to research work. Considering the objective of the study, research was carried out at Pancham Hotel of Bareilly. A sample size is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. Total sample sizes of 30 were selected. Many office injuries are caused by the repetitive tasks that put strain on our muscles and joints. There are several health related problems faced by office workers which affect their daily working schedule such as chronic back pain, gastric bronchial, asthma, diabetes, depression, arthritis, anaemia and headache. Sixty percent respondents quite seldom suffered from digestion difficulties whereas 12 percent respondents quite often and only 16 percent respondent almost always suffered from digestion difficulties. Several research studies reveals that gastrointestinal complaints of gastric upset, gas, constipation, poor eating etc. are strongly correlated with front office work.

Hill terrains have always posed enormous challenges for human habitation. India, being a vast subcontinent, has an extensive area of hilly terrain. This paper highlights the challenges faced and the need of improving the occupational safety of hill population. For the present investigation data was collected purposively from Bageshwar and Almora districts of the Uttarakhand state in India. t was reported that hill women performed various tasks including on farm activities like harvesting, weeding, land preparation, transplanting, sowing. The main off farm activities performed by them include making firewood, making fodder, carrying firewood, carrying fodder, carrying milk/food. The domestic activities performed by them include cooking, washing, mopping, milking, collecting dung. It was found that almost 96 per cent of these tasks were found to be performed by women only while men did just the 4 per cent of these tasks. While performing these tasks the hazards reported by the respondents were attack of wild animal, slip/trip/falls, fog, flood, temperature extremities, torrential rain, earthquake, thunderstorm, snowfall, landslide, road accidents, and forest fire.

Nursing, the profession of caring for the sick and the convalescent, the disabled and the helpless, is one of the noblest professions throughout the world. From the general ward to the operation theatre in the hospital, nursing is the most important component of patient care. The process of restoring patients to normal health depends as much, if not more, on nurses as on doctors or surgeons. In fact, the availability of effective nursing services is an indicator of the health of a country's medicare system. Stress in the nursing profession is an ongoing worldwide problem. Of all health care professionals, nurses have been found to have especially high levels of stress. A study among a large sample of Swedish nurses revealed that more than 80 per cent of the nurses reported high or very high job strain. Job stress in the nursing profession has been associated with decreased job satisfaction, increased psychological and physical complaints and absenteeism. Work conditions that have been associated with stress outcomes are inappropriate levels of formalization of work procedures (too much or too little formalization of work procedures), lack of adequate communication within the organization, and organizational politic. On the whole, it was observed that 40 per cent of nurses were suffering from headache and few nurses i.e. 17.5 per cent having back pain. The individual observation of government nurses (27.14 per cent) reported headache from the job which were temporary in nature. However, skin rashes and allergy was reported by 17.14 per cent. Further, 17.14 per cent government nurses suffered from temporary cough and cold due to other sources then their work. Occurrence of common illness among private nurses reveals that maximum of 42 per cent nurses were suffering from temporary back pain from job and only 8 per cent reported skin rashes and allergy which was due to their job. Temporary cough, cold and fever were reported by 24 per cent of private nurses from other sources. Most prevalent chronic illness was anemia among 19.17 per cent nurses. A very few of 1.67 per cent of nurses were having thyroid problem. The prevalence of chronic illness among government nurses indicates that 8.57 per cent nurses suffering from temporary respiratory disease. Anemia due to other sources (apart from job) which was temporary in nature was reported by 15.17 per cent nurses. Continuous problem of blood pressure was prevalent among 17.14 per cent government nurses which were originated due to long hours of job. Again a few proportion of government nurses (15.71 per cent) reported problem of diabetes mellitus. In case of private nurses, each of 12 percent nurses reported problems of anemia and gastrointestinal disorder. Only, 4 per cent nurses were suffered from temporary respiratory diseases. However, 8 per cent nurses reported continuous problem of diabetes mellitus and blood pressure.

Introduction India being mainly an agricultural country, economy and further its growth purely depends on farming, making agriculture as most preferred occupation nationwide. The exposure of farm workers to this extreme weather condition especially during the summer months (March-June) is just hampering their health. Worsening of health is more prominent because most of farm activities are carried out manually under direct heat exposure and lack of awareness among the farm workers regarding the health hazards and even the un-availability of the protective methods. The combination of manual farm activities and heat exposure is a health, environmental and occupational issue, which need serious concern. The study focused on finding out the adaptive methods adopted by the farm workers. Methods The study was undertaken to find out the adaptive methods adopted by the farm workers while accomplishing the farm activities during month of March to June and develop PPE to protect them from heat stress. Results It was revealed that 98.9 percent of the farmers increased daily water intake, whereas, 27.8 percent increased liquid diet in their daily food intake. Regular intake of the herbal coolant was also very prominent among them, such as jal jeera , mint, cucumber, onion garlic, lemon water, curd, etc., as these coolants were easily available to farmers. With reference to clothing habit wearing loose cloth was only adopted by 47 percent. The data regarding the protective methods to be adopted while performing the farm activities, it was revealed that sunglass, hat, gloves, umbrella scarf etc. were least adopted by them due to their poor feasibility while performing the task. Conclusion Thus, with the pace with which global average temperature is rising, emergency preparedness is very important among outdoor workers in order to keep themselves protected from heat stress. Creating awareness and developing PPE to safeguard is important.

Introduction India is primarily an agrarian economy as farming is one of the most important occupations in country. However numbers of studies have classified farming as a risky and hazardous job because of the nature of farm work. Farm workers are particularly at higher risk of developing health problems. The drastic change in the world wide climate has created too much problems among farmers. Most of farm operations in India are still accomplished manually under direct sunshine. These entire factors, makes farm operation quite dangerous. The exposure to hot occupational environment remains a persistent impediment to improve productivity and problems affecting health. Health problems that result from heat stress are known as heat disorders. Methods The study was undertaken to find out the health problems experienced by farmers and to design, develop and disseminate PPE to safe guard farmers from the impact of excessive heat. Results It was revealed that majority of farmers were working for more than 7 hours in squatting and bending position under direct sunshine which was promoting heat disorders resulting from heavy physical work leading to loss of fluid and salt resulting in heat cramp, heat exhaustion,etc,. Prevalence of above factors is more common among farmers due to unawareness and lack of knowledge about associated heat exposure risks, leading to poor adaption of preventive and protective measures. Further , incidence of MSDs among the farmers was reported by majority. The long working hours and posture adopted resulted more in body pain/discomfort. While disseminating the PPE, the acceptability among the farm workers was reported to be very high. Conclusion The pace with which global average temperature is rising, there arise a need to protect the outdoor workers from heat-related illnesses. Creating awareness and developing of PPE to safeguard has now become a matter of concern worldwide.

Hospitality industry has brought tremendous growth to the global economy by providing services ranging from accommodation, sightseeing as well as other services related to the tourism industry. It not only provides employment but also plays a vital role in the economic returns of a country in the form of foreign exchange. Also the interaction with people from different cultures, thus educating people, is brought about by the hospitality industry. Hence, Hospitality industry plays a major role in the development of economies. The complexity of the sector makes it difficult to present an exhaustive view of the situation. The hotels sector employs more than 7.8 million people in the India and is characterized by high job demands and high physical workload. Non-permanent employment patterns, in particular seasonal work, are prevalent (Kristensen et al. , 2005). The sector also employs a high proportion of young workers and migrant workers. This sector covers a wide range of workplaces, more than just hotels. In a study, research design is needed because it facilitates the smooth sailing of the various research operations in a systematic manner. In order to achieve the objectives of the study descriptive design was planned. Some specific health problems to the workers of different departments (front office, housekeeping, food production unit, food service unit and tours and travel unit) of hospitality industry and these health problems were arising due to their service time. When comparison was made between hotel workers in different departments it was observed that in the front office department maximum 56.7 per cent workers respond that they were quite often suffering with the visual fatigue problem due to service while in the department of housekeeping they said that they quite often suffered with the slips, trips/falls problem. On the other hand, it was found that highly 68.9 per cent workers who were working in the food production department reported that they were almost never suffering with ischemic heart disease and 62.9 per cent food service department workers’ said that they almost always suffered with manual handling problem. At the end of the comparison, tours and travel department workers’ felt that 57.9 per cent were quite often suffering with the respiratory infection health problems due to service.

Aging is defined as a progressive deterioration of physiological functions with age. It brings about a number of physiological changes. It not only affects a person’s looks, but also becomes a cause of physical deterioration. This study was undertaken to understand the health risk of elderly people and to gather some information about their perceived health needs in the village ecosystem of Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand, India. The present study is descriptive in nature. Herein, an attempt is made to describe the situation and major health problems faced by the elderly from 140 samples of aged 60 and above in seven rural communes of Udham Singh Nagar. Findings reveal that majority of the elderly, both male and female, are unhealthy. The most common health problems aged people face include eye sight, joint pains, weakness, digestion complaints and others. More health problems were reported by female compared to male.