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A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate, it was closely related to the genus Promicromonospora , but formed of a novel lineage within the family Promicromonosporaceae . The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava , with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The isoprenoid quinone systems were menaquinones MK-9(H2), MK-9(H0) and MK-9(H4). The predominant cellular fatty acids for the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and lysine, with the last named being the diagnostic diamino acid. The cell-wall acyl type was acetyl. The major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. Whole-cell sugars of the isolate were galactose, glucose and ribose. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.2 mol%. Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA–DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae , for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Krasilnikoviella muralis is T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T). The reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. nov. is also proposed with the emended description of this species.

A Gram-positive, non-spore-forming actinomycete, designated strain CC 0387(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from the Baltic Sea, Germany. Classification using a polyphasic approach and comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that strain CC 0387(T) belonged to the genus Promicromonospora and displayed more than 3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence divergence from all Promicromonospora species with validly published names. Strain CC 0387(T) did not produce aerial mycelium. Substrate mycelia were yellowish white to pale orange-yellow and fragmented into bacillary or coccoid elements. The cell wall contained lysine and alanine. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, rhamnose and ribose. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H(4)) (86 %). The G+C content of the DNA was 71.87 mol%. Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genetic characteristics, strain CC 0387(T) (=CCTCC AA208024(T)=DSM 21481(T)) represents a novel species, for which the name Promicromonospora flava sp. nov. is proposed.

A Gram-positive, yellow-pigmented, branched-hyphae-forming micro-organism, strain 09-Be-007T, was isolated from the wall of an indoor environment. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain 09-Be-007T belonged to the genus Promicromonospora. The novel isolate showed sequence similarities of 98.8 % to Promicromonospora aerolata V54AT, 98.9 % to Promicromonospora vindobonensis V45T, 98.1 % to Promicromonospora sukumoe DSM 44121T, 98.2 % to Promicromonospora kroppenstedtii RS16T, 96.7 % to Promicromonospora flava CC 0387T and 97.8 % to Promicromonospora citrea DSM 43110T, the type strain of the type species of this genus. Cell wall sugars of strain 09-Be-007T were galactose, rhamnose and glucose. The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was lysine. The major menaquinones detected were MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H6). Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. Major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0; moderate amounts of anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 were also found. All these data supported the affiliation of strain 09-Be-007T to the genus Promicromonospora. DNA–DNA hybridization values and physiological and biochemical data enabled strain 09-Be-007T to be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the six recognized species of the genus Promicromonospora. For these reasons, strain 09-Be-007T represents a novel species, for which the name Promicromonospora umidemergens sp. nov. is proposed, with 09-Be-007T (=DSM 22081T=CCM 7634T) as the type strain.