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An unusual case is presented of an unsuspected orbital metallic foreign body (sewing needle) in a dog. The skin entrance wound injury was undetected during two clinical examinations, likely due to the quick skin healing and punctiform nature of the wound in the skin/muscles/orbit. The most unusual characteristic of this case is the cause of the wound. The metallic foreign body could have penetrated the cornea through an oblique limbal/scleral pathway at the moment of injury, leaving no obvious signs of corneal injury in the first clinical examination. Secondly, the corneal injury perhaps occurred due to the dog rubbing its head on the floor between the initial examination and the first follow-up examination after seven days. At first, the case presented as anterior uveitis with an unknown cause. Due to quick scar formation of wounds in dogs and the fact that punctiform wounds can be difficult to detect, an orbital foreign body was not initially suspected. However, seven days afterwards, a new sign of triangular limbus-based corneal opacification appeared. This led to suspicion of a previous corneal injury and the nearby (orbital) presence of a foreign body. This diagnosis was confirmed by radiography and the intraorbital sewing needle was extracted by surgery. Lack of sophisticated techniques did not prevent an adequate diagnosis and an excellent surgical outcome., Neobičan slučaj neočekivanog metalnog stranog tela u orbiti psa, prisutnog kao posledica punktiformne povrede na koži iglom koja nije uočena usled brzog zarastanja i kretanja kroz kožu, mišiće i orbitu. Najneobičnija karakteristika ovog slučaja je strano telo (šivaća igla) koje je penetriralo rožnjaču prolazeći kroz limbus i beonjaču pod kosim uglom, a u momentu povređivanja, kao i na prvom pregledu nije bilo znakova koji bi ukazivali na to ili je povreda rožnjače nastala češanjem glave o pod između prvog i drugog pregleda u razmaku od sedam dana. Na početku, slučaj je izgledao kao anteriorni uveitis nepoznatog uzroka i sedam dana kasnije se pojavilo trouglasto zamućenje rožnjače sa bazom prema limbusu što nas je dovelo u sumnju da je prethodna povreda rožnjače povezana sa orbitalnim stranim telom. Usled brzog zarastanja rana i formiranja ožiljka kod pasa i nedovoljno jasnih kliničkih znakova punktiformnih rana orbitalno strano telo nije bilo očekivano. Penetrantna rana na rožnjači je mogla nastati pre prvog pregleda ili u vremenu između prvog i drugog pregleda trljanjem glave. Nedostatak sofisticirane tehnike ne sprečava postavljanje tačne dijagnoze i primene adekvatne hirurgije.

This paper presents the results of the research on renal blood vessels of the mink. The main goal of this research is to provide a unique insight in renal vessel constellation and thereby contributes to the amount and quality of the available data on the cardiovascular system of the mink, since the data found in the available literature regarding this specific field is rather poorly documented. Blood vessels of the mink kidney were studied by dissection and corrosion injection technique. The renal artery and its branches, and the lobar, interlobar and interlobular arteries are terminal arteries and they do not anastomose between each other. The arterial system is characterized by two independent vascular areas, supplied by the dorsal and ventral lobar artery. Lobar arteries divide the kidney horizontally into a dorsal and ventral half, while lobar veins divide it vertically into the cranial and caudal half. The renal vein is formed from the cranial and caudal lobar vein. The obtained results are compared with relevant literature findings on renal blood supply of a dog and other sympatric carnivores.

Introduction Direct pulp capping is an important therapeutic method that has goal to provide formation of dentin bridge and healing process of the pulp. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of new nanostructural materials based on calcium silicate systems and hydroxyapatite on exposed dental pulp in Vietnamese pigs. Material and Methods The study was conducted on 30 teeth of two Vietnamese pigs (Sus scrofa verus). On buccal surfaces of incisors, canines and first premolars, class V cavities were prepared with a small round bur and pulp horn was exposed. In the first experimental group (10 teeth) the perforation was covered with new nanostructural material based on calcium silicate systems (CS). In the second experimental group, the perforation was covered with compound of calcium silicate systems and hydroxyapatite (HA-CS) (10 teeth). In the control group, exposed pulp was covered with Pro Root MTA® (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN, USA) (10 teeth). All cavities were restored with glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji VIII, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Observation period was 28 days. After sacrificing the animals, histological preparations were done to analyze the presence of dentin bridge, inflammatory reaction of the pulp, pulp tissue reorganization and the presence of bacteria. Results Dentin bridge was observed in all teeth (experimental and control groups). Inflammation of the pulp was mild to moderate in all groups. Neoangiogenesis and many odontoblast like cells responsible for dentin bridge formation were detected. Necrosis was not observed in any case, neither the presence of Gram-positive bacteria in the pulp. Conclusion Histological analysis indicated favorable therapeutic effects of new nanostructural materials based on calcium silicate systems and hydroxyapatite for direct pulp capping in teeth of Vietnamese pigs., Uvod Direktno prekrivanje pulpe je važan terapijski postupak koji ima zadatak da obezbedi zatvaranje pulpne komore i omogući proces zarastanja. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita efekat novih nanostrukturnih materijala na bazi kalcijum-silikatnih sistema i hidroksiapatita na eksponiranu pulpu zuba vijetnamskih svinja. Materijal i metode rada Istraživanje je sprovedeno na 30 zuba kod dve vijetnamske svinje (Sus scrofa verus). Na vestibularnim površinama sekutića, očnjaka i prvih premolara urađene su preparacije kaviteta V klase, pri čemu je malim okruglim svrdlom napravljena namerna eksploracija komore pulpe. U prvoj eksperimentalnoj grupi (10 zuba) perforacija je prekrivana novim nanostrukturnim materijalom na bazi kalcijum-silikatnih sistema (CS). U drugoj eksperimentalnoj grupi (10 zuba) perforacija je prekrivana smešom kalcijum-silikatnog sistema i hidroksiapatita (HA-CS). U kontrolnoj grupi (10 zuba) perforacija je prekrivana sa MTA® (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Džonson Siti, Tenesi, SAD). Svi kaviteti su restaurirani glas-jonomer cementom (GC Fuji VIII, GC Corporation, Tokio, Japan). Opservacioni period iznosio je 28 dana. Nakon žrtvovanja životinja napravljeni su histološki preparati na kojima su analizirani postojanje dentinskog mostića, inflamatorna reakcija pulpe, reorganizacija pulpnog tkiva i prisustvo bakterija. Rezultati Na svim zubima eksperimentalnih grupa i kontrolne grupe zabeleženo je stvaranje dentinskog mostića. Zapaljenje pulpe je bilo blago do umereno i u eksperimentalnim i u kontrolnoj grupi. Uočeni su znaci neoangiogeneze i mnoštvo ćelija sličnih odontoblastima koje su odgovorne za stvaranje dentinskog mostića. Nekroza nije zabeležena ni u jednom slučaju, kao ni prisustvo gram-pozitivnih bakterija u pulpi. Zaključak Histološka analiza je ukazala na povoljne terapijske efekte novih nanostrukturnih materijala na bazi kalcijum-silikatnih sistema i hidroksiapatita u direktnom prekrivanju pulpe zuba vijetnamskih svinja.

Background/Aim. The mechanism of impaired bone healing in diabetes mellitus includes different tissue and cellular level activities due to micro- and macrovascular changes. As a chronic metabolic disease with vascular complications, diabetes affects a process of bone regeneration as well. The therapeutic approach in bone regeneration is based on the use of osteoinductive autogenous grafts as well as osteoconductive synthetic material, like a β-tricalcium phosphate. The aim of the study was to determine the quality and quantity of new bone formation after the use of autogenous bone and β-tricalcium phosphate in the model of calvarial critical-sized defect in rabbits with induced diabetes mellitus type I. Methods. The study included eight 4-month-old Chincilla rabbits with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus type I. In all animals, there were surgically created two calvarial bilateral defects (diameter 12 mm), which were grafted with autogenous bone and β-tricalcium phosphate (n = 4) or served as unfilled controls (n = 4). After 4 weeks of healing, animals were sacrificed and calvarial bone blocks were taken for histologic and histomorphometric analysis. Beside descriptive histologic evaluation, the percentage of new bone formation, connective tissue and residual graft were calculated. All parameters were statistically evaluated by Friedman Test and post hock Wilcoxon Singed Ranks Test with a significance of p lt 0.05. Results. Histology revealed active new bone formation peripherally with centrally located connective tissue, newly formed woven bone and well incorporated residual grafts in all treated defects. Control samples showed no bone bridging of defects. There was a significantly more new bone in autogeonous graft (53%) compared with β-tricalcium phosphate (30%), (p lt 0.030) and control (7%), (p lt 0.000) groups. A significant difference was also recorded between β-tricalcium phosphate and control groups (p lt 0.008). Conclusion. In the present study on the rabb, Uvod/Cilj. Mehanizam otežanog zarastanja tkiva kod dijabetesa melitusa zasnovan je na različitim promenama funkcije na tkivnom i ćelijskom nivou, usled prisutnih mikro- i makrovaskularnih promena. Kao hronično metaboličko oboljenje sa vaskularnim komplikacijama, dijabetes melitus zahvata i proces koštane regeneracije. Terapijski postupci u okviru regeneracije kosti obuhvataju primenu autotransplantata sa oseoinduktivnim delovanjem i sintetskih osteokonduktivnih materijala, kao što je i β-trikalcijum fosfat. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se ispita kvantitet i kvalitet novoformiranog koštanog tkiva posle korišćenja autotransplantata kosti i β-trikalcijum fosfata, na modelu kritičnog defekta kalvarije kunića sa eksperimentalno izazvanim dijabetesom melitusom tipa I. Metode. U ovo istraživanje bilo je uključeno 8 kunića (soj Činičila), starosti 4 meseca, kod kojih je dijabetes melitus tipa I bio izazvan aloksanom. Kod svih životinja hirurški je urađen defekt kritičneveličine na kosti kalvarije (prečnika 12 mm), koji je popunjen autotransplantatom kosti i β-trikalcijum fosfatom (n = 4) ili je ostavljen da spontano zarasta kao kontrolni defekt (n = 4). Posle 4 nedelje, sve životinje su bile žrtvovane i koštani uzorci uzeti za histološku i histomorfometrijsku analizu. Pored deskriptivne histološke analize, urađena je i kvantitativna analiza novoformirane kosti, vezivnog tkiva i materijala za koštanu regeneraciju. Statistička analiza vršena je primenom Friedmanovog testa i post hock Vilkoksonovog neparametrijskog testa sa stepenom značajnosti od p lt 0,05. Rezultati. Histološka analiza uzoraka kosti pokazala je prisustvo novoformirane kosti na periferiji defekta, dok je u centralom delu bilo prisutno vezivno tkivo, nezrelo koštano tkivo i dobro sjedinjeni neresorbovani materijal za regeneraciju kosti. Kontrolni uzorci nisu pokazali koštano zarastanje defekata. Značajno više novoformirane kosti bilo je prisutno u defektima regenerisanim autotransplantatom (53%) u poređenju sa kon

Kunić, kao eksperimentalna životinja, je veoma čest model u raznovrsnim biomedicinskim istraživanjima, zahvaljujući sličnosti u morfološkim i kliničkim osobinama sa ljudskim, kao i lakoći odgajivanja, držanja i posmatranja. Za izbor modela u bimedicinskim istraživanjima, neophodno je dobro poznavati anatomsku građu, morfološke i fiziološke karakteristike eksperimentalnih životinja. Kunić, kao životinja sa indukovanom ovulacijom, je model kod koga se precizno može utvrditi vreme ovulacije, a po sličnosti fetalnog i embrionalnog razvića sa ljudskim, predstavlja model, koji u ispitivanjima iz oblasti reprodukcije ima prednost nad drugim eksperimentalnim životinjama. Uzimajući u obzir da vrsta kunića, pol, starost, kao i način držanja utiču na neke morfološke i fiziološke karakteristike ove vrste, ova ispitivanja izvedena su na Kalifornijskom kuniću, sa ciljem da se utvrde i upotpune podaci o topografiji ženskih polnih organa Kalifornijskog kunića (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus), njihovoj vaskularizaciji, histološkim promenama u ženskom reproduktivnom traktu kunića, tokom različitih faza polnog ciklusa, kao i njegovoj imunološkoj reaktivnosti tokom ovih faza. Ispitivanja su vršena na 30 polno zrelih ženki, prosečne starosti 5-7 meseci, telesne mase oko 3200-4000 g, koje su parene prvi put, ili su bile u graviditetu po prvi put. Anatomskim metodama rada izvršena su topografska ispitivanja ženskih reproduktivnih organa kunića, pelvimetrija i vaskularizacija, za koju je korišćena i rendgenografija. Isečci tkiva jajnika, jajovoda, materice, rodnice i usmine bojeni su hematoksilin eozinom, Gomori metodom i metodom po Gordon-Sweet-u, za histološka ispitivanja. Kriostatski isečci materice i vagine bojeni su metodom peroksidaznog obelezavanja ćelija, radi ispitivanja imunoloških karakteristika ovih organa. Po svojim topografskim i morfološkim osobinama, reproduktivni ograni ženki kunića su slični reproduktivnim organima ženki karnivora i činčile. A. ovarica i a. uterina su g, Rabbit, as an experimental model at various biomedical investigations, thanks to its similarity in many morphological and clinical performances with humans, associated with its breeding facilities, carriage and observation. Knowledge of anatomic, morphologic and physiologic characteristics of experimental animal is necessary for the model selection at biomedical researches. Rabbit, as an induced ovulator, is model with precisely defined time of ovulation; its similarities in fetal and embryo development with humans, give an advantage to rabbit as reproductive model. Considering that breed, gender, age, different way of housing, affect some morphological and physiological performance at certain breed, those investigation was carried out on Californian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus), with an aim to determine and fulfill the data about topography of rabbit female reproductive tract, vascularization, histological changes during the different phases of reproductive cycle and immunological reactivity during the cycle. The investigation was taken at 30 sexually mature females, age about 5-7 months, body weight about 3200-4000 g, mated for the first time, or at first pregnancy. Standard anatomical methods were used for study in topography, pelvimetry and vascularization that is examined also with rendgenography. Tissue samples of ovarium, Falopian tube, uterus and vagina were stained with haematoksylin eosin, Gomori’s method and Gordon-Sweet’s method, for histological examination. Cryosections of different anatomical parts of uterus and vagina, were stained by peroxidase labbeling the cells, to evaluate the immunological status of those tissues. Similirities with females of Carnivora and Chinchilla, in topography and morphology of reproductive tract were found. The principal blood vessels of rabbit female genital tract are a. ovarica and a. uterina. Histological and immunological changes during the different phases of reproductive cycle were evident. T-cells and

In this work there was investigated the effect of two nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetylsalicylic acid or aspirin (nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor - COX1 i COX2) and meloxicam (selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor - COX2) on certain hematological parameters in rats. The objective of the work was to determine whether (and to which extent), these drugs, after multiple peroral application, influence erythrocyte number, concentration of hemoglobin, hematological indices (mean corpuscular value - MCV; mean concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes - MCH; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration - MCHC), hematocrit, number of platelets, leukocytes, neutrophilic leukocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. The experiment was conducted in vivo conditions on 70 clinically healthy Wistar strain male rats, 10 to 12 weeks of age and body weight 250 to 300 g. The rats were divided into seven groups and they were daily perorally (by probe) given aspirin (ASCOPIR) at doses of 30, 40 and 80 mg/kg b.m. (I, II and III groups), or meloxicam (METACAM) at doses of 100, 125 and 250 μg/kg b.m. (IV, V and VI groups), for seven days. The seventh group was a control one and they were given only saline. The obtained results showed that: acetylsalicylic acid in maximum dose tested (80 mg/kg b.m.) statistically significantly reduced the number of platelets (p lt 0,05), the number of leukocytes (p lt 0,05), the number of lymphocytes (p lt 0,05) and the number of monocytes (p lt 0,05), while on the other side, meloxicam in maximum dose tested (250 μg/kg), statis­tically significantly reduced the mean corpuscular value (MCV), and increased the number of platelets (p lt 0,05), relative to the control value., U ovom radu je ispitivan uticaj dva nesteroidna antiinflamatorna leka (NSAIL), acetilsalicilne kiseline ili aspirina (neselektivni inhibitor ciklooksigenaze - COX1 i COX2) i meloksikama (selektivnog inhibitora ciklooksigenaze - COX2) na određene hematološke parametre kod pacova. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi da li (i u kom stepenu) navedeni lekovi posle višekratne peroralne aplikacije, imaju uticaja na broj eritrocita, koncentraciju hemoglobina, hematološke indekse (prosečnu zapreminu eritrocita - MCV; prosečnu količinu hemoglobina u eritrocitima - MCH; prosečnu koncentraciju hemoglobina u eritrocitima - MCHC), hematokrit, broj trombocita, broj leukocita, neutrofilnih leukocita, limfocita i monocita. Ogled je izveden u in vivo uslovima na 70 kliničkih zdravih pacova, soja Wistar, muškog pola, starosti od 10 do 12 nedelja i telesne mase od 250 do 300 g. Pacovi su podeljeni u sedam grupa i njima je svakodnevno peroralno (uz pomoć sonde), u toku 7 dana primenjivan aspirin (ASCOPIR) u dozama od 30, 40 i 80 mg/kg t.m./ dnevno (I, II i III grupa), odnosno meloksikam (METACAM) u dozama od 100, 125 i 250 μg/kg t.m.(IV, V i VI grupa). Sedma grupa je služila kao kontrola i njoj je aplikovan samo fiziološki rastvor. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da je: acetilsalicilna kiselina u najvećoj testiranoj dozi (80 mg/kg t.m.), statistički značajno smanjila broj trombocita (p lt 0,05), broj leukocita (p lt 0,05), broj limfocita (p lt 0,05) i broj monocita (p lt 0,05), dok je meloksikam u najvećoj testiranoj dozi (250 μg/kg), statistički značajno smanjio zapreminu eritrocita (MCV), a povećao broj trombocita (p lt 0,05) u odnosu na kontrolnu vrednost.

Introduction Direct pulp capping procedure is a therapeutic application of a drug on exposed tooth pulp in order to ensure the closure of the pulp chamber and to allow the healing process to take place. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the histological effects of Emdogain® on exposed tooth pulp of a Vietnamese pig (Sus scrofa verus). Methods The study comprised 20 teeth of a Vietnamese pig. After class V preparation on the buccal surfaces of incisors, canines and first premolars, pulp was exposed. In the experimental group, the perforations were capped with Emdogain® (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland), while in the control group pulp capping was performed with MTA® (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN, USA). All cavities were restored with glass-ionomer cement (GC Fuji VIII, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The observational period was 28 days, after which the animal was sacrificed and histological preparations were made. A light microscope was used to analyze dentin bridge formation, tissue reorganization and inflammation, and the presence of bacteria in the pulp. Results The formation of dentin bridge was observed in the experimental and control groups. Inflammation of the pulp was mild to moderate in both groups. Angiogenesis and many odontoblast-like cells, responsible for dentin bridge formation, were observed. Necrosis was not observed in any case, nor were bacteria present in the pulp. Conclusion Histological analysis indicated a favorable therapeutic effect of Emdogain® Gel in direct pulp capping of Vietnamese pigs. Pulp reaction was similar to that of MTA®., Uvod Direktno prekrivanje pulpe je važan terapijski postupak primene leka na eksponiranu pulpu zuba, čiji je cilj da obezbedi zatvaranje pulpne komore i omogući proces zarastanja. Cilj rada Cilj ovog rada je bio da se histološki ispita efekat gleđnog emdogaina na eksponiranu pulpu zuba vijetnamske svinje (Sus scrofa domesticus). Metode rada Istraživanje je urađeno na 20 zuba vijetnamske svinje. Na vestibularnim površinama sekutića, očnjaka i prvih premolara urađene su preparacije kaviteta V klase s eksponiranjem komora pulpe. U eksperimentalnoj grupi perforacija je prekrivana proizvodom Emdogain® (Straumann, Bazel, Švajcarska), a u kontrolnoj sa MTA® (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Džonson Siti, Tenesi, SAD). Svi kaviteti su restaurirani glasjonomer-cementom (GC Fuji VIII, GC Corporation, Tokio, Japan). Period posmatranja trajao je 28 dana, a nakon žrtvovanja životinja, napravljeni su histološki preparati na kojima su analizirani postojanje dentinskog mostića, zapaljenjska reakcija pulpe, reorganizacija pulpnog tkiva i postojanje bakterija. Rezultati Na svim zubima eksperimentalne i kontrolne grupe uočeno je stvaranje dentinskog mostića. Upala pulpe je bila blaga do umerena i u eksperimentalnoj i u kontrolnoj grupi. Uočeni su znaci neoangiogeneze i mnoštvo ćelija sličnih odontoblastima koje su odgovorne za stvaranje dentinskog mostića. Nekroza nije zabeležena ni u jednom slučaju, kao ni prisustvo bakterija u pulpi. Zaključak Histološka analiza je ukazala na povoljne terapijske efekte emdogaina u direktnom prekrivanju pulpe zuba vijetnamskih svinja. Reakcija pulpe bila je slična onima koje je izazvao MTA.

Concomitant injuries of bone and soft tissues of the upper and lower jaws are classified as multiple trauma symptoms associated with early complications, such as shock, disordered breathing, bleeding, pain, deformity and facial asymmetry, abnormal jaw movement, crepitation, palsy-paralysis of traumatized soft tissue regions and languages. The goal of this work is to present polytraumatised rehabilitation of upper and lower jaws by the system of endodontic treatment of upper canines in cats. Primary approach to stabilization polytraumatised cats is highlighted, also as procedures to be undertaken in animal in shock, injury of the maxilla and mandible, and the order of diagnostic procedures. Mandibular prognation and incorrect occlusion with consequent damage of mandibular gingiva with maxilla kaninus are complications which were resolved in our case with endodontic treatment of upper canines of the cat. This paper presents a detailed approach to the reduction of dental caninus maxilla and establishing proper bite in the molar region of the maxila and mandible., Istovremene povrede kostnog i mekog tkiva gornje i donje vilice klasifikujú se kao politraume koje prate simptomi ranih komplikacija, kao što su: stanje šoka, poremećeno disanje, krvarenje, bol, deformacja i asimetričnost lica, abnormalna pokretljivost donje vilice, krepitacije, pareza - paraliza traumatizovanih mekotkivnih regija i jezika. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se prikaže sanacija politraumatizovane gornje i donje vilice po sistemu endodontske terapije gornjih očnjaka mačke. Istaknut je primarni pristup stabilizaciji politraumatizovane mačke, postupci koje je potrebno sprovesti kod životinje u šoku i sa povredama maksile i mandibule, kao i redosled dijagnostičkih procedura. Prognacija, nepravilna okluzija sa posledičnim oštećenjem gingive mandibule od strane kaninusa maksile, su komplikacje koje su u ovom slučaju rešene, endodontskom terapijom gornjih očnjaka mačke. U radu je dat detaljan stomatološki pristup skraćenju kaninusa maksile i uspostavljanju pravilnog zagrižaja u predelu molara gornje i donje vilice.

Introduction Direct pulp capping is therapeutic method of applying medication on exposed pulp in order to allow bridge formation and healing process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Biodentine on exposed dental pulp of Vietnamese pigs. Material and Methods The study was conducted on 20 teeth of Vietnamese pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus). On buccal surfaces of incisors, canines and first premolars, class V cavities were prepared and pulp was exposed. In the experimental group (six incisors, two canines and two premolars) the perforation was covered with BiodentineR (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses, France). In the control group, the perforation was covered with MTAR (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN, USA). All cavities were restored with glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji VIII, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Observation period was 28 days. After sacrificing the animals, histological preparations were done to analyze the presence of dentin bridge, an inflammatory reaction of the pulp, pulp tissue reorganization and the presence of bacteria. Results Dentin bridge was observed in all teeth (experimental and control groups). Inflammation of the pulp was mild to moderate in both groups. Neoangiogenesis and many odontoblast like cells responsible for dentin bridge formation were detected. Necrosis was not observed in any case, neither the presence of Gram-positive bacteria in the pulp. Conclusion Histological analysis indicated favorable therapeutic effects of Biodentine for direct pulp capping in teeth of Vietnamese pigs. Findings were similar with Biodentine and MTA., Uvod Direktno prekrivanje pulpe je terapijski postupak primene leka na eksponiranu pulpu zuba radi zatvaranja pulpne komore i omogućavanja procesa zarastanja. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita efekat biodentina na eksponiranu pulpu zuba vijetnamske svinje. Materijal i metode rada Istraživanje je izvršeno na 20 zuba vijetnamske svinje (Sus scrofa domesticus). Na vestibularnim površinama sekutića, očnjaka i prvih premolara urađene su preparacije kaviteta V klase, pri čemu je napravljena namerna eksploracija komora pulpe. U eksperimentalnoj grupi (šest sekutića, dva očnjaka i dva premolara) perforacija je prekrivana preparatom Biodentine ® (Septodont, Sent Mor de Fos, Francuska). U kontrolnoj grupi perforacija je prekrivana sa MTA® (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Džonson Siti, Tenesi, SAD). Svi kaviteti su restaurirani glasjonomer- cementom (GC Fuji VIII, GC Corporation, Tokio, Japan). Opservacioni period trajao je 28 dana. Nakon žrtvovanja životinja napravljeni su histološki preparati na kojima su analizirani postojanje dentinskog mostića, inflamatorna reakcija pulpe, reorganizacija pulpnog tkiva i prisustvo bakterija. Rezultati Na svim zubima eksperimentalne i kontrolne grupe zabeleženo je stvaranje dentinskog mostića. Zapaljenje pulpe je bilo blago do umereno i u eksperimentalnoj i u kontrolnoj grupi uzoraka. Uočeni su znaci neoangiogeneze i mnoštvo ćelija sličnih odontoblastima koje su odgovorne za stvaranje dentinskog mostića. Nekroza nije zabeležena ni u jednom slučaju, kao ni prisustvo Gram-pozitivnih bakterija u pulpi. Zaključak Histološka analiza je ukazala na povoljne terapijske efekte biodentina u direktnom prekrivanju pulpe zuba vijetnamskih svinja. Reakcija pulpe bila je slična onima koje je izazvao MTA.

Jedan od načina kontrole brojnosti populacije nezbrinutih pasa je kontrolom njihove reprodukcije, odnosno primenom metode „uhvati-steriliši-vrati“ (Catch-Neuter-Release). Ovaj složen postupak se sastoji od hvatanja nezbrinutih pasa na javnim površinama, sterilizacije i vraćanja na površine odakle su privremeno sklonjeni. Zato je cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio da oceni intenzitet stresne reakcije, kao potencijalnog uzroka narušavanja dobrobiti kuja u perioperativnom periodu sterilizacije, odnosno ovariohisterektomije. Istraživanja su sprovedena na 40 kuja uključenih u program kontrole brojnosti nezbrinutih pasa na teritoriji grada Beograda. Kuje uključene u ogled bile su podeljene u četiri grupe. Prva grupa kuja podvrgnuta je abdominalnoj ovariohisterektomiji bez aplikacije nesteroidnog antiinflamatornog analgetika. Druga grupa kuja podvrgnuta je abdominalnoj ovariohisterektomiji uz tretman nesteroidnim antiinflamatornim analgetikom, karprofenom. Treća grupa kuja podvrgnuta je abdominalnoj ovariohisterektomiji uz tretman intramuskularnom injekcijom sa placebo supstancom (Aqua redestillata) i četvrta grupa kuja koja nije podvrgnuta ovariohisterektomiji. Od svih kuja koje su podvrgnute ovariohisterektomiji za analizu biohemijskih i hematoloških pokazatelja stresne reakcije (koncentracija kortizola, glukoze, holesterola i triglicerida, leukocitarna formula i odnos neutrofila i limfocita-N/L indeks) krv je uzorkovana 5 puta (po dovođenju u stacionar, 24 časa posle transporta, 30, 180 minuta i 24 časa posle hirurške intervencije.). Kod kuja koje nisu podvrgnute ovariohisterektomiji, krv za analizu je uzorkovana dva puta (po dovođenju u stacionar i 24 časa posle transporta). Za određivanje koncentracije kortizola korišćena je hemiluminiscentna imunska metoda (CLIA). Spektrofotometrijskom metodom određivana je koncentracija glukoze, holesterola i triglicerida. Za određivanje leukocitarne formule i odnosa neutrofila i limfocita pravljen je krvni razmaz koji je bojen po M, The way of controlling population of free roaming dogs is their reproduction with the method of "Catch-Neuter-Release". This complex process consist of capturing free roaming dogs in public areas, sterilizing and returning them to the public area from which they were temporarily removed. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the intensity of stress reactions, as a potential cause of distortion dog's welfare in the perioperative period of sterilization, ovariohysterectomy. The experiment was performed on a total of 40 female dogs involved in the programme for free roaming dogs control in the city of Belgrade area. The dogs that were studied, were designated into four groups. The first group underwent abdominal ovariohysterectomy not treated with non-steroid analgesic drugs. The second group underwent abdominal ovariohysterectomy treated with non-steroid anty-inflammatory analgesic, carprofen. The third group underwent abdominal ovariohysterectomy treated intramuscular injection with placebo substance and the fourth group was not underwent abdominal ovariohysterectomy. Each subject underwent abdominal ovaryohisterectomy for the analysis of biochemical and haematological indicators of stress response (cortisol, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, leukocytes number and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio-N/L index) blood was sampled 5 times (after transporting, 24 hours after transporting, 30, 180 minutes and 24 hours after surgery). From dogs that did not undergo abdominal Ovario-hysterectomy, blood was sampled twice (after transport and 24 hours after transport). Concentration of cortisol determined with chemiluminescent immunoassay method (CLIA). Concentrations of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides determined with spectrophotometric method. For determination the leukocyte formula, neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio were made so that a blood smear was stained with May-Grünwald and Giemsa-Romanowski technique...

Hermaphroditism is a congenital anomaly characterized by the presentation of sexual characteristics of both sexes in one individual. Hermaphrodites can occur in every mammal species. Real and pseudo hermaphrodites can be distinguished. Both ovaries and testes (ovotestes) are presented in real hermaphrodites, while the conformation of the individual does not correspond to any sex in particular. Pseudo hermaphrodites are more frequent. Male pseudo hermaphrodites have testes and female external genital characteristics, while female pseudo hermaphrodites have ovaries and rudimentary external genitals reassembling to masculine ones. Corrective surgical removal of a rudimental penis in a female pseudo hermaphrodite dog is presented in the paper., Hermafroditizam je patološka pojava postojanja oba pola kod jedne jedinke. Može biti pravi i lažni. Pravi hermafroditi imaju ovarijume i testise, koji obično nisu u korelaciji sa sekundarnim polnim karakteristikama i spoljašnjim izgledom životinje. Lažni hermafroditizam (pseudohermafroditizam) je češća pojava i on može da bude muški - kada jedinka poseduje testise i spoljašnje genitalije nalik na ženske, ili ženski - kada jedinka ima jajnike i rudimentirane spoljašnje genitalije, koji podsećaju na one kod mužjaka. Hermafroditizam je relativno česta pojava kod različitih vrsta životinja. Mi smo opisali slučaj pseudohermafroditizma kod jedne kuje, koja je dovedena na hiruršku korekciju - uklanjanje rudimentiranog muškog polnog organa.

Curing and treatment of accidental injuries in birds that have the nature of complex, old and contaminated wounds demand maximum caution from the surgeon. Birds, in particular wild fowl, are sensitive to manipulation during examinations and the diagnosis of the injuries. The estimate of the complexity of an injury and the general condition of the patient are of key importance for the correct choice of diagnostic procedures, anesthesia, and the operative procedure. The implementation of ketamine and diazepam for general injection anesthesia provides possibilities for the unhindered executing of the surgical procedure. The implementation of Kischner needles and pins is a good choice for the fixation of long bones in birds. The postoperative course in the patient requires constant medical and professional supervision which must be followed to the letter., Sanacija i terapija akcidentalnih povreda ptica koje imaju karakter složenih, starih i kontaminiranih rana, zahteva od hirurga maksimalnu opreznost. Ptice, posebno divlje, osetljive su na manipulaciju prilikom pregleda i dijagnostikovanja povreda. Procena složenosti povrede i opšteg stanja pacijenta, su od ključnog značaja za pravilan izbor dijagnostičkih postupaka, anestezije i operativnog zahvata. Primena ketamin hlorida i diazepama za opštu injekcionu anesteziju, daje mogućnost za nesmetano izvođenje operativnog zahvata. Primena Kišnerovih igala i klinova su dobar izbor za osteofiksaciju dugih cevastih kostiju kod ptica. Postoperativni tok zahteva stalni medicinski i stručni nadzor pacijenta koji se mora u potpunosti ispoštovati.