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There are many different methods or approaches that can be applied to the evaluation of complex programmes. This paper describes the use of the Most Significant Change (MSC) participatory technique to monitor and evaluate programmatic effects. The MSC is a form of monitoring because it occurs throughout the programme cycle and provides information to manage it. Further, MSC is an evaluation because it provides stories from which programmes' overall impact can be assessed. However, MSC, a participatory evaluation technique using qualitative approaches, is neglected by many researchers. We hope this study will convince relevant funders and evaluators of the value of the MSC technique and application. This paper offered step-by-step guidelines on how to use the MSC technique when evaluating a large-scale intervention covering perspectives of different beneficiaries within a limited period. The MSC process involves purposively selecting the beneficiaries, collecting the Most Significant (MS) stories, which are then systematically analysed by designated stakeholders and or implemented partners, selected through internal vetting, and external process by involving beneficiaries and stakeholders. The central question focuses on changes in the form of stories such as 'Who did what?'; 'When did the change occur?'; and 'What was the process?' Additionally, it seeks feedback to explain why particular a story was selected as MS and how the selection process was organised. The MSC technique further attempts to verify the validity, significant, relevant, sustainability of the change, and impact on marginalized or Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) groups brought by the programme. Furthermore, the technique seeks verification of the MS story by triangulating comprehensive notes and recordings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this pilot study, we report on the feasibility, acceptability and potential impact of 'Who, When, How to Share', a new disclosure decision-making programme for autistic adults. We evaluated this programme using pre-post mixed-methods surveys that included questions about participants' experiences of the programme and four psychosocial outcome measures. While 32 autistic adults completed the pre-programme survey and enrolled into the programme, there was high attrition, with only 19 autistic adults completing the programme and post-programme survey. We found that it was feasible to deliver the programme in a guided self-help format, although a minority of participants (who completed the programme or provided reasons for withdrawing from the programme) found it challenging to work through the programme independently and within the study time frame. High levels of satisfaction and positive qualitative feedback also suggested that the programme was acceptable to autistic adults. Participants provided useful recommendations for improvement, such as more interactive elements to enhance engagement. The programme showed potential to improve decisional conflict, disclosure-related distress, stigma-related stress and internalised stigma among autistic adults, though further evaluation of the impact of the programme is needed. 'Who, When, How to Share' is a new programme that aims to support autistic adults in making decisions around sharing their autistic identity with others. The programme involves working through a self-help guide independently over 3 weeks with optional peer support. We wanted to find out if autistic adults would join the programme and find it useful. Thirty-two autistic adults took part in the programme and 19 of them completed it. Most participants who completed the programme liked the programme and found it helpful, but some felt that they needed more time and support to complete it. They suggested that the programme would be more accessible if it was more interactive, such as including videos and other ways to gain feedback on their progress. Surveys filled in by participants before and after the programme suggested that they became more confident and less stressed about sharing their autistic identity with others, but some felt they still needed to build more confidence in order to handle negative attitudes from others. More work is needed to improve and test the programme further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to quantify how much of the burden of visual impairment (VI) and unmet need in Talagang, identified by Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) survey data, has been addressed by Community Eye Health (CEH) programme efforts. Methods A RAAB survey was carried out in November 2018, with 2,824 participants in Talagang Tehsil, Punjab, Pakistan, aged 50 and over. Census data were used to extrapolate survey data to the population. Alongside this, a CEH programme was launched, consisting of community eye screening, and onward referral to rural health centres, secondary or tertiary ophthalmological services, as required. This health intervention aimed to address the eye care needs surfaced by the initial survey. From 2018 to 2022, 30,383 people aged 50 or over were screened; 14,054 needed referral to further steps of the treatment pathway and more detailed data collection. Programme data were compared to estimates of population unmet needs. Main outcome measures were prevalence of VI, and proportion of need met by CEH Programme, by cause and level of VI. Results Among those aged 50 and over, 51.0% had VI in at least one eye. The leading causes were cataract (46.2%) and uncorrected refractive error (URE) (25.0%). In its first four years, the programme reached an estimated 18.3% of the unmet need from cataract, and 21.1% of URE, equally in both men and women. Conclusions Robustly collected survey and programme data can improve eye health planning, monitoring and evaluation, address inequities, and quantify the resources required for improving eye health. This study quantifies the time required to reach eye health needs at the community level.

Aim Design Methods Results Conclusions Impact Implications for the Profession and Patient Care Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution To evaluate a community‐based psychological health and well‐being programme for nurses and midwives.Mixed methods programme evaluation.Four studies were included: observational descriptive study (cross‐sectional survey) of the health, well‐being and experiences of previous programme participants (Study 1); observational exploratory prospective cohort study (longitudinal survey) of health, well‐being and experiences of participants who engaged in the programme from 2020 to 2023 (Study 2); qualitative descriptive study (interviews) of experiences and perceptions of nurses and midwives who have engaged with the programme as participants or clinicians (Study 3); observational descriptive study (cross‐sectional survey) of experiences and perceptions of programme stakeholders (Study 4). Surveys included validated measures. Data were collected online. Descriptive, repeated measures and thematic analyses were conducted.One‐hundred and fifteen participants completed Study 1: 20% (n = 23) reported stress in the severe‐to‐extremely severe category; 22% (n = 25) reported psychological distress in the moderate‐to‐severe category. Thirty‐one programme participants were followed in Study 2: the effect of the programme on participant well‐being over time was not significant. Sixteen programme participants and eight programme clinicians were interviewed (Study 3). Experiences of nurses and midwives engaging with the programme were highly positive and strong attributes of the programme included (1) shared professional experience of clinicians and participants which supported a common language and facilitated understanding, and (2) effective programme leadership, and autonomy and flexibility in the clinicians' role which enabled and supported a positive working experience. Thirty‐nine broader stakeholders participated in a cross‐sectional survey (Study 4). All stakeholders reported high satisfaction with the programme. Participants considered the programme being ‘by nurses and midwives, for nurses and midwives’ critical to the programme's success and value.The community‐based psychological health and well‐being programme developed, led and delivered by nurses and midwives, for nurses and midwives, was a highly valued resource. Levels of stress and burnout in the health workforce are high. A community‐based psychological health and well‐being programme for nurses and midwives was found to be an important and highly valued resource for nurses and midwives. A programme delivered by nurses and midwives, for nurses and midwives, was considered critical to programme success. Programme leadership, and autonomy and flexibility in the programme clinicians' roles, facilitated and supported a positive working experience for programme clinicians. Quality and safety in patient care is directly impacted by the well‐being of nurse and midwives. A community‐based psychological health and well‐being programme for nurses and midwives was found to be an important and highly valued resource for nurses and midwives.Survey findings were reported according to STROBE (von Elm et al. in Lancet, 370:1453–1457, 2007) and qualitative findings according to COREQ (Tong et al. in International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6):349–357, 2007).No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to quantify how much of the burden of visual impairment (VI) and unmet need in Talagang, identified by Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) survey data, has been addressed by Community Eye Health (CEH) programme efforts. Methods: A RAAB survey was carried out in November 2018, with 2,824 participants in Talagang Tehsil, Punjab, Pakistan, aged 50 and over. Census data were used to extrapolate survey data to the population. Alongside this, a CEH programme was launched, consisting of community eye screening, and onward referral to rural health centres, secondary or tertiary ophthalmological services, as required. This health intervention aimed to address the eye care needs surfaced by the initial survey. From 2018 to 2022, 30,383 people aged 50 or over were screened; 14,054 needed referral to further steps of the treatment pathway and more detailed data collection. Programme data were compared to estimates of population unmet needs. Main outcome measures were prevalence of VI, and proportion of need met by CEH Programme, by cause and level of VI. Results: Among those aged 50 and over, 51.0% had VI in at least one eye. The leading causes were cataract (46.2%) and uncorrected refractive error (URE) (25.0%). In its first four years, the programme reached an estimated 18.3% of the unmet need from cataract, and 21.1% of URE, equally in both men and women. Conclusions: Robustly collected survey and programme data can improve eye health planning, monitoring and evaluation, address inequities, and quantify the resources required for improving eye health. This study quantifies the time required to reach eye health needs at the community level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We developed the Promotion of Breastfeeding (PROBREAST) programme and evaluated what effect it had on the breastfeeding rate in infants born at less than 32 weeks of gestation or weighing ≤1500 grams. Methods: We compared the breastfeeding rate in two cohorts of patients who were born before (n = 72; January 2017 to June 2018) and after (n = 80; July 2018 to December 2019) the application of the programme. Moreover, we compared the correlation between type of feeding at discharge and post-discharge breastfeeding rate, between exclusive breastfeeding, postnatal growth and neurodevelopment. Results: Infants in the PROBREAST group had an exclusive breastfeeding rate at discharge higher (42 vs. 16%, p < 0.001) than that in the historical control group. Exclusive breastfeeding was negatively correlated with weight z-score at discharge, but not at 12 and 24 months corrected age, and was positively correlated with cognitive score at 24 months corrected age. Conclusion: The application of a structured programme for the promotion of breastfeeding improved the breastfeeding rate in very preterm infants. We demonstrated that exclusive breastfeeding at discharge improved their neurodevelopment without impairing growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the strategies for malaria control programmes and assessed the effects of inter-governmental collaboration on malaria control in Southwestern Nigeria. Primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaires and conduct of in-depth interviews. The study population of 404 comprised all categories of staff in the Malaria Control Unit of the Federal Ministry of Health, three states and six local Governments. A sample size of 388 respondents was selected for questionnaire administration using Taro Yemane sample size formula. Interviews were also conducted to complement the information collected through questionnaire administration. Data were analysed using percentages, simple linear regression, relative impact index and content analysis methods. The results revealed that free distribution of insecticide-treated nets (87.3%); intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (92.8%); indoor residual spraying (71.3%); larva source management (76.1%); diagnosis and treatment (81.6%); and advocacy, communication and social mobilisation (88.7%) were the key malaria control strategies adopted to control malaria in Southwestern Nigeria. Furthermore, the results established that inter-governmental collaboration had a significant effect on the malaria control programme (F =20.538 p < 0.05) with indications from qualitative outcomes. The study concluded that inter-governmental collaboration made a considerable level of impact on the malarial control programme in Southwestern Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Portuguese Journal of Mental Health Nursing / Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental is the property of Portuguese Society of Mental Health Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Continuous exposure to the suffering and death of patients produces certain syndromes such as compassion fatigue in health professionals. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect and the effectiveness of interventions based on mindfulness, aimed at training or cultivating compassion or self-compassion in compassion fatigue, self-compassion, compassion, and compassion satisfaction of health professionals. A systematic review is reported in line with the PRISMA guideline and was registered in PROSPERO. The PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases were used. Interventions based on compassion training or cultivation were selected, aimed at health professionals. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The effect size and hetereogeneity of the studies were calculated. Eight articles were selected. Among the programmes for the cultivation of compassion we highlight Compassion Cultivation Training (CCT), Mindfulness and Self-Compassion (MSC), Compassionate Meditation (CM), and Loving Kindness Meditation (LKM). The interventions decreased compassion fatigue and increased compassion, self-compassion, and compassion satisfaction in healthcare professionals. Compassion fatigue in healthcare professionals is due to a deficit in empathic and compassionate skills. Health systems should incorporate programmes based on the cultivation of compassion and self-compassion in order to improve the work conditions and quality of life of health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Physiotherapy Canada is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background The paucity of state-supported rehabilitation for chronically ill patients with long-term tracheostomies has ramifications of prolonged hospital-stay, increased burden on acute-care resources, and nosocomial infections. Few interventions describe home rehabilitation of adult tracheostomized patients. Almost none involve stakeholders. This paper describes the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) ICU rehabilitation (AIR) healthcare intervention developed to facilitate home rehabilitation of chronically ill tracheostomized patients. Methods The AIR intervention development was based on the experience-based codesign theory (EBCD). A core research-committee studied prevalent knowledge and gaps in the area. Patients-carer and health-care stakeholders’ experiences of barriers and facilitators to home care resulted in an intervention with interlinked components: family-carer training, equipment bank, m-health application, and follow-up, guided by the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework. Healthcare stakeholders (doctors, nurses, medical equipment vendors) and patient-carer dyads were engaged to gather experiences at various stages to form smaller codesign teams for each component. Multiple codesign meetings iteratively allowed refinement of the intervention over one year. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist was used to report the AIR intervention. Results The first component comprised a minimum of three bedside hands-on training sessions for carers relating to tracheostomy suction, catheter care, monitoring oxygenation, enteral feeding, skincare, and physiotherapy, buttressed by pictorial-books and videos embedded in a mobile-application. The second was an equipment-bank involving a rental-retrieval model. The third component was a novel m-health tool for two-way communication with the core group and community of other patient-carers in the project for follow-up and troubleshooting. Home visits on days 7 and 21 post-discharge assessed patient hygiene, nutrition, physiotherapy, and established contact with the nearest primary healthcare facility for the future. Conclusions Findings support the EBCD-based development using active feedback from stakeholders. Assessment of feasibility, process and effectiveness evaluation will follow.

Reading literacy is not just about being able to spell or read, but it is also a very important skill in learning and everyday life. By having this ability, a person can understand and then be able to obtain information more effectively, develop knowledge, and understand other people's perspectives and experiences that can enrich their thinking and broaden their scientific horizons. This research on the implementation of the GLS programme aims to conduct a literature review on the implementation of the School Literacy Movement (GLS) programme in primary schools. In this study, researchers referred to articles or journals using the keyword ‘School Literacy Movement’ in the Google Scholar database. This research was conducted with stages, starting from article collection, article reduction, presentation, and discussion. This article is the result of an analysis based on the literature on the subject being discussed. The research method used in this study is the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method. The findings of the SLR study which analysed 15 articles showed that the School Literacy Movement must start early, starting from habituation development, and implementation, and the role of parents should not be ignored in the implementation of this GLS.

In order to achieve effective educational inclusion, positive attitudes towards disability among peers are essential. However, many studies have found a negative disposition towards this group (Álvarez 2020; Wang and Qi 2020; Werner, Peretz, and Roth 2015). Therefore, it is important to have specific programmes that help us to improve disability awareness. However, despite the relevance of the Early Childhood Education stage, no validated programmes with this objective have been found in Spain. For this reason, the PROCREADI programme has been designed. Programme for Growing up with Positive Attitudes towards Disability in Early Childhood Education [author(s)] has been designed and validated through a pilot study with a sample of 28 Infant Education students. The results show a notable improvement in attitudes and in the knowledge of the concept of disability in this experimental group. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed programme is a useful tool to promote greater knowledge and more positive attitudes towards people with disabilities among preschool students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an interview with Imre József Balázs, literary critic Artemisz Harmath discusses the new possibilities created through the institutions she created: IGYIC and MeseCentrum are currently the most important hubs of children’s culture in Hungary. As Harmath argues, she always tried to create the projects of IGYIC by linking at least two audiences, for example, linking university education and secondary education, or parents and secondary education. Another objective was to link the different (online and written) channels through which they convey their messages. The main objective is to disseminate knowledge, with quality contemporary literature and literary education as the two main pillars of a larger plan, which includes also professional literary criticism of the youth genres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Whānau Pakari is a healthy lifestyle assessment and intervention programme for children and adolescents with obesity in Taranaki (Aotearoa/New Zealand), which, in this region, replaced the nationally funded Green Prescription Active Families (GRxAF) programme. We compared national referral rates from the GRxAF programme (age 5–15 years) and the B4 School Check (B4SC, a national preschool health and development assessment) with referral rates in Taranaki from Whānau Pakari. We retrospectively analysed 5 years of clinical data (2010–2015), comparing referral rates before, during, and after the Whānau Pakari clinical trial, which was embedded within the programme. We also surveyed programme referrers and stakeholders about their experiences of Whānau Pakari, analysing their responses using a multiple-methods framework. After the Whānau Pakari trial commenced, Taranaki GRxAF referral rates increased markedly (2.3 pretrial to 7.2 per 1000 person-years), while NZ rates were largely unchanged (1.8–1.9 per 1000 person-years) (p < 0.0001 for differences during the trial). Post-trial, Taranaki GRxAF referral rates remained higher irrespective of ethnicity, being 1.8 to 3.2 times the national rates (p < 0.001). Taranaki B4SC referrals for obesity were nearly complete at 99% in the last trial year and 100% post-trial, compared with national rates threefold lower (31% and 32%, respectively; p < 0.0001), with Taranaki referral rates for extreme obesity sustained at 80% and exceeding national rates for both periods (58% and 62%, respectively; p < 0.01). Notably, a referral was 50% more likely for referrers who attended a Whānau Pakari training half-day (RR = 1.51; p = 0.009). Stakeholders credited the success of Whānau Pakari to its multidisciplinary team, family-centred approach, and home-based assessments. However, they highlighted challenges such as navigating multidisciplinary collaboration, engaging with families with complex needs, and shifting conventional healthcare practices. Given its favourable referral trends and stakeholder endorsement, Whānau Pakari appears to be a viable contemporary model for an accessible and culturally appropriate intervention on a national and potentially international scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes prevalence is rising worldwide, calling for public health concerns and interventions to improve prevention and management. Self‐care is an important component in reducing the incidence of complications from diabetes, but it must be taught. This systematic review aims to synthesise the evidence for education videos for people with diabetes. Electronic databases, including Ovid (Medline, Embase, EmCare), PsychInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus, were searched for studies on educational videos for patients with diabetes that met the inclusion criteria. A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data extracted were synthesised through narrative synthesis. Studies examined outcomes including biological (i.e., glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), weight, BMI), non‐biological (health literacy, self‐efficacy) and subjective feedback (i.e., acceptability, cultural appropriateness). The most common length of video was ≤10 min. Online dissemination was the most common method of video distribution. A statistically significant decrease (ranging from −0.1% to −2.1%) in HbA1C was noted in 7 of 12 studies examining this outcome. Other studies also found evidence of improvement in health literacy, self‐efficacy, physical activity, medication adherence and other outcomes. Feedback from participants was generally positive, and emphasis was placed on the need for cultural appropriateness and representation in the educational videos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: South Africa (SA) has postgraduate research-based master’s and doctorate qualifications in optometry with no clinical coursework qualifications in special interest fields. As a result, it hinders professional growth and career path for optometrists and further limits patients’ access to various care pathways from would-be upskilled optometrists. Aim: To explore optometrists’ perspectives on postgraduate programme development in special interest fields of optometry for SA. Setting: Study population of practicing optometrists registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, utilising an online questionnaire developed with the Evasys survey system v8.2. Non-probability sampling was used to access eligible participants. Results: From 424 survey responses, 83.5% had undergraduate qualifications and 95.5% worked in patient-facing environments. Participants responded positively (88%) to this need for educational expansion. Educational needs in Ocular Disease (75.6%), Paediatric Optometry (66.4%), Binocular Vision (65.1%) and sub-specialties of myopia control (41.2%) and Specialised Contact Lens Fitting (31%) were reported. With combined ‘highly important’ and ‘likely important’ responses, participants indicated that obtaining professional recognition (94.9%) and to improve patient care (98.8%) were the main drivers for pursuing additional education and training. Conclusion: A notable demand was found for coursework postgraduate programmes by the study populations from which professional recognition can be awarded in various special interest fields of optometry. The benefit of improved patient care from upskilled optometrists was expressed. Contribution: The findings would contribute towards the development of a conceptual framework for postgraduate education and training for optometrists in SA.

Background: Globally, enrolled nurses (ENs) are embarking on an educational journey to become registered nurses (RNs) in order to enhance their knowledge and career opportunities. However, their aspiration is not without challenges. In Namibia, the experiences of these nurses have not been extensively researched. Objectives: This study aims to explore and describe the experiences and challenges of ENs undertaking a Bachelor of Nursing Science at the University of Namibia. Method: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research strategy was followed as the basis of conducting the study. A sample of 15 nursing students was purposively selected from the target population of 73 nursing students. This sample size was determined by the saturation of data as reflected in repeating themes. The collected data were analysed thematically using an inductive approach. Results: Three main themes subsequently emerged from the study: ENs’ positive experiences advancing in the Bachelor of Nursing Science (BNSc) programme; nurses’ negative experiences advancing in the BNSc programme; and recommendations to ensure effective advancement in the BNSc programme Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that ENs positively experience becoming a RN when it comes to self-development; however, they have negative experiences such as not receiving exemptions for prior learning and having to learn a new curriculum. Contribution: These findings may be used by the Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health management in order to develop targeted interventions and ongoing strategies during their curriculum review cycles to ensure positive student experiences and success within the programme.

La présente contribution porte essentiellement sur l’analyse des exercices et des activités pédagogiques proposées dans un projet didactique du cahier d’activités de la 5ème primaire de deuxième génération en contexte algérien. L’étude réalisée vise à montrer le degré de conformité du programme officiel avec le contenu du manuel scolaire. Nous avons eu recours à la démarche quantitative pour analyser le projet didactique. Les résultats de notre recherche ont donné lieu à controverses entre le nouveau programme qui propose comme fondements de tout apprentissage de langue étrangère le développement des aspects cognitif et communicatif chez l’apprenant ainsi que l’ouverture sur le monde et les types d’exercices semblables à ceux de l’ancien programme qui se base sur la mémorisation.

Copyright of Revista Complutense de Educación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is informed by goal number four, target one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), on the increase of accessible, equitable, and quality primary and secondary education by 2030. The intended outcome of this goal cannot be achieved in Tanzania when juveniles who fall in conflict with the law are left out of the mainstream of education. The study utilized a cross-sectional design, which embraces the qualitative approach. Its data were obtained through purposeful sampling techniques (convenient and snowballing sampling), in which twenty-eighty respondents participated. The data collection techniques used were indepth interviews and focus group discussions. The ATLAS.ti 9 software was employed during qualitative data analysis. The main findings reveal that the diversion programme effectively addresses juveniles' educational needs and mitigates associated stigma and retribution. Furthermore, it helps in amicably solving the juveniles' problem due to assessment of individual juveniles, generating suitable tailor-made interventions. Challenges obtained were that police officers still used much force during the arrest, and some would demand bribes; the traditional system was lengthy and cumbersome; there was a shortage of workforce and buildings; limited financial resources and equipment; and some juveniles and actors did not know the programme. The article concludes that the diversion programme is vital to achieving education for all as envisaged by the SDGs. It further recommends capacity building to all social actors on the importance of diversion, mobilization of resources, and researchers should be encouraged to conduct studies in JJA, in particular indigenous models and practice of the diversion programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Parents Plus Early Years (PPEY) Programme was conceptualised as an early group intervention for parents of preschool children with behavioural, emotional and developmental difficulties. This systematic review sought to examine and critically evaluate the existing literature in which the PPEY Programme has been implemented. A number of inclusion and exclusion criteria were employed while selecting studies for the current review, which focused on peer-reviewed articles published after 2005 in the English language. Participants included were parents of children aged between 0 and 7 years, in order to consider the impact of PPEY on parents and young children specifically. A total of five studies were included within the current review. The results indicated that the PPEY Programme effectively promoted a range of positive parental and child outcomes. Based on these findings, a number of implications for practice within the field of educational psychology are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bullying is a public health priority but to date, there is a lack of evidence‐based anti‐bullying programmes or interventions designed for use in special schools. KiVa is a successful anti‐bullying programme for mainstream schools currently used in 23 countries. This brief paper outlines the co‐development and adaptation of two KiVa lessons into KiVa‐SEND lessons and their implementation in two special schools in the UK. One school supports pupils with a primary need of Autism, the other supports pupils with severe and complex learning disabilities. Engagement with the lessons was high from both pupils and staff; the content was perceived as acceptable by staff, complementing the curriculum and perceived as suitable for their pupils. Minor adjustments need to be made to ensure all pupils can comprehend and access the concepts. Further development of the KiVa‐SEND programme and testing its potential effectiveness to reduce bullying and associated negative outcomes in special schools is now warranted. Key PointsThere is a lack of evidence‐based anti‐bullying programmes for use in special schools. This paper details the piloting of an adaptation of KiVa (a successful, evidence‐based anti‐bullying programme for mainstream schools) for use in special schools.The adaption (KiVa‐SEND) was a co‐design between a couple of special school teachers, and educational and psychological researchers to ensure the materials and approach were in line with school requirements and teaching practices.The KiVa‐SEND lesson engagement was excellent from the 12 staff and 62 learners involved and the materials were deemed acceptable via direct feedback and researcher observations. Suggestions were provided on how to make the materials even more suitable for diverse learning needs.KiVa‐SEND has the potential to be embedded within the special school curriculum and then be tested for its effectiveness at reducing bullying and associated negative outcomes of bullying amongst the special school population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The youth (15-24 years old) in South Africa remain at high risk of HIV infection despite varied efforts to control the disease. An understanding of the perspectives of relevant stakeholders of HIV-prevention interventions targeting the youth is important to guide research, policy and practice aimed at improving these interventions. This study explores youth and intervention implementers' perceptions of a resilience-based HIV-prevention intervention (You Only Live Once) aimed at reducing risky sexual behaviours among the youth in South Africa. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 young people who participated in the intervention, and four intervention implementers at a not-for-profit organisation in Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality, South Africa. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three main themes emerged from the data: (1) Acceptability and impact of the intervention; (2) Factors influencing intervention implementation; and (3) Recommendations to improve intervention implementation. These findings provide insights into the acceptability, impact, barriers and facilitators of resiliencebased HIV-prevention interventions for the youth in South Africa and similar contexts, and how implementation of these interventions could be enhanced. The findings can help researchers, policy makers and health care practitioners in the field of HIV prevention to improve interventions targeting young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les programmes et les manuels constituent des intrants essentiels pour le fonctionnement de nos systèmes éducatifs. Ainsi, pour déterminer le rapport institutionnel aux objets de certaines organisations mathématiques, on peut procéder à l‘analyse des programmes et des manuels. Dans les programmes, l‘institution définit les objets à enseigner, les compétences exigibles et les recommandations, ainsi que les finalités et les enjeux d‘enseignement. Mais, selon Driss Menssouri (1994), ces programmes seuls ne permettent pas de définir complètement le rapport institutionnel à un objet. Alors, une analyse écologique et praxéologique des programmes et des manuels peut aider à mieux comprendre les difficultés liées à l’enseignement de la géométrie entre l’Élémentaire et le collège. En effet, il s’agit de voir si ces intrants offrent un environnement favorable ou non à la prise en charge de la question des paradigmes géométriques. Et, les résultats montrent que les organisations mathématiques présentes dans ces manuels et programmes sont incomplètes (en termes de type de tache, de technique et de technologie) et ne prennent pas en compte le passage de relais entre paradigmes géométriques au niveau de la transition Élémentaire-collège.

A Hearing Conservation Programme is an important component of the strategy to prevent Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) at workplace. Recently a lot of advancement has occurred in hearing conservation programme which includes new strategies being adopted to prevent NIHL at workplace. These consist of metrics, pharmacological interventions and hair cell regeneration, noise monitoring advances, artificial neural network, audiology assessment measures, smart hearing protection etc. These topics will be briefly discussed. These strategies if incorporated will strengthen the existing Hearing Conservation Programme to prevent NIHL.

The increasing mortality rate due to drug abuse, including among minors, the rising number of registered individuals with narcotic dependency syndrome, and contemporary characteristics of drug use underscore the social need for analysing drug abuse prevention practices in Russia and other countries. The article presents the results of a review of specialised statistical data and information sources, examining both liberalrestrictive and repressive anti-drug preventive measures. An analysis of current prevention strategies in foreign countries is conducted, including the USA, European countries, China, Japan, and South Korea, along with an examination of anti-drug preventive measures in Russia. The study reveals the greater effectiveness of prevention programmes using a liberal-restrictive approach, which focus on developing protective social skills, stress coping mechanisms, promoting positive interpersonal interactions, and fostering healthy intra-family relationships, in comparison to the repressive approach. The social practices of the latter are based on stricter penalties and intimidation, leading to increased covert drug use, heightened fears of seeking specialised help, exacerbated harmful consequences for users’ health, and a lack of reliable statistical data. The conclusion is drawn that to enhance the effectiveness of drug abuse prevention in Russia, it is advisable to critically evaluate and utilise the experience of countries that emphasise a restrictive approach. The focus should shift from intimidating and harshly punishing drug users to developing positive social skills and creating differentiated support and educational programmes for various population groups.

Background Maintaining brain health is an advanced goal of healthy ageing. As an important intervention to promote brain health and reduce the risk of cognitive impairment, physical activity is highly recommended in the WHO Guidelines on Risk Reduction of Cognitive Decline and Dementia. However, due to the lack of specific guidance on the types of exercise, amount of exercise and intervention methods, it is difficult to carry out physical activity in the community. Objective To construct a community-based physical activity intervention program to promote brain health in community-dwelling Chinese residents. Methods A draft of Community-based Physical Activity Intervention Program Promoting Brain Health (CPAIPPBH) was developed in December 2021 based on the evidence extracted from studies searched systematically after being screened and assessed in terms of quality by two researchers independently, and review results of our research group. Then from February to March 2022, the draft was revised in accordance with the results of a two-round email-based Delphi survey with 13 experts, and response rate, authority coefficient, Kendall's W, weight of each indicator, and the logical consistency of indicators at all levels were calculated, and finally the formal version was developed. Results Altogether, 26 out of the 8 943 searched studies were enrolled, from which 27 pieces of evidence were summarized, involving target group and principles of physical activity, type of physical activity, intensity and time of physical activity, effect and relevant evaluation of physical activity, and considerations for physical activity. The draft CPAIPPBH consisted of 6 primary indicators and 32 secondary indicators. The response rate, authority coefficient, and Kendall's W were 100.0%, 0.940, and 0.257 (χ2=123.386, P

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) remains a cornerstone of efforts aimed at improving antimicrobial-related patient safety. It slows the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), while helping clinicians to improve clinical outcomes and minimise harm by improving antimicrobial prescribing. AMS programmes (ASPs) are driven through various processes and people. An AMS structure comprises the core elements that should be in place to support the ASP including the AMS team, treatment guidelines, and surveillance of AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU). This manual aims to provide a practical guide to health care facilities in Nigeria and other low-and-middle-income countries, for establishing, implementing and sustaining ASPs, and is structured into 14 sections. Section 1 introduces the subject matter and gives background information on the current situation of AMS in Nigeria. It describes the efforts of the National Antimicrobial Stewardship Working Group (NASWOG), an arm of the Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Society of Nigeria (CLIMIDSON), in identifying the AMR issues in health care facilities in the country and providing evidence-based recommendations for ASPs. Section 2 describes the goals of AMS and core elements which must be in place for successful and sustainable ASPs. Section 3 presents how a health care facility could start an ASP depending on the size, highlighting the important role of point prevalence survey (PPS) in obtaining baseline data on AMU and prescribing practice in health care facilities, which is useful in developing an action plan. Although management support is key for a successful ASP, the governance of the programme rests with the AMS committee, which composition and size will depend on the level of health care facility. Section 4 describes AMS strategies, which include the core and supplemental strategies. Every hospital should aspire to do at least a core strategy, although it may be convenient to start with other stewardship activities and supplemental strategies. Section 5 describes the antibiotic policy and guidelines, which provide the framework for all AMS activities, and is an effective means of changing behaviour in antimicrobial prescribing. The guidelines should be written by a multidisciplinary team and due consideration must be given to the local antibiotic susceptibility data and the common infectious disease syndromes in the facility or region. Dissemination of the policy and guidelines should be given wide publicity. At the primary health care facilities, where there may be no doctors to prescribe, "standing orders" are used to guide antibiotic prescribing. Section 6 describes the cri tical importance of stakeholder engagement to a successful ASP. If stakeholders are more informed about AMR issues and ASP, they are better able to positively support the programme. AMS stakeholders will differ from facility to facility but generally include health care facility management, clinicians, pharmacists, nurses, infection prevention and control (IPC) practitioners, clinical microbiologists, other relevant laboratory staff, and patients. The importance of education and training to the successful implementation of AMS is presented in section 7. Health care facilities should provide induction and in-service training to all staff on AMS and IPC. Training objectives should be clear and targets of education and training should include AMS committee and team(s), clinicians, pharmacists, nurses and other health care staff, patients and caregivers, and advocacy and community campaigns. Sections 8 and 9 explain how monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of ASP, and feedback to stakeholders are conducted. Monitoring and evaluation are critical to identifying the impact of intervention measures and opportunities for improvement. This involves the evaluation of the structures, processes and outcomes of ASPs. Sections 10 and 11 delved into the roles of clinical microbiology laboratory support for AMS, and diagnostic stewardship as well as information and communication technology (ICT) in ASPs. The clinical microbiology laboratory should provide quality antibiotic susceptibility testing data, and standard antibiograms periodically to the AMS committee. Sections 12, 13 and 14 enumerated the core elements of outpatient ASP, institutional mentoring in AMS, and system building approach to sustainability of ASP. The recommendations for outpatient AMS in this document apply to either stand-alone clinics and casualties or those located in secondary or tertiary hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades, governments around the globe have been providing financial and non-financial resources to support small, micro and medium-sized enterprises (SMMEs) through grants and subsidies. But do these public investments help SMMEs to improve their performance and growth in terms of job creation, productivity, sales and their ability to survive? The analysis, which focused on government subsidies and grant programmes, provides an answer to this question through a review of evidence on the effects of public intervention over the period 2010 to 2022. Results indicate that government intervention programmes have had an overall favourable impact on business employment creation, sales/turnover and productivity, while there are conflicting results for business labour productivity and business survival. Despite the divergent empirical results across programmes, it is imperative that government intervention programmes address inclusiveness in the design and implementation phase of grants and subsidies programmes in order to link programme objectives with the intended outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The rates of obesity and associated health problems are higher in people with serious mental illness (SMI), such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, than the general population. A primary care referral to a behavioural weight management programme can be an effective intervention, but people with SMI have reported barriers to engaging with them and bespoke options are rarely provided in routine practice. It is possible that adjunct support addressing these specific barriers could help. Here we report the development, feasibility and acceptability of an intervention to improve uptake and engagement with a mainstream weight management programme for people with SMI. Methods We worked with people with a lived-experience of SMI and used the person-based approach to develop the ‘Weight cHange for people with sErious mEntal iLlness’ (WHEEL) intervention. It comprised a referral to a mainstream weight management programme (WW®) to be attended once a week, in-person or online, for 12-weeks. The adjunct support comprised a one-off, online consultation called Meet Your Mentor and weekly, telephone or email Mentor Check Ins for 12-weeks. We assessed the feasibility of WHEEL through the number of programme and adjunct support sessions that the participants attended. We analysed the acceptability of WHEEL using a thematic analysis of qualitative interviews conducted at baseline and at 12-week follow-up. Our exploratory outcome of clinical effectiveness was self-reported weight at baseline and at end-of-programme. Results Twenty participants were assessed for eligibility and 17 enrolled. All 17 participants attended Meet Your Mentor and one was lost to follow-up (94% retention). Nine out of 16 attended ≥50% of the weekly programme sessions and 12/16 attended ≥50% of the weekly check-ins. Participants reported in the interviews that the adjunct support helped to establish and maintain a therapeutic alliance. While some participants valued the in-person sessions, others reported that they preferred the online sessions because it removed a fear of social situations, which was a barrier for some participants. The mean change in self-reported weight was − 4·1 kg (SD: 3·2) at 12-weeks. Conclusions A mainstream weight management programme augmented with brief and targeted education and low-intensity check-ins generated sufficient engagement and acceptability to warrant a future trial.

Background: According to the 90-90-90 strategy, the focus is on 90% of people living with HIV and/or AIDS knowing their HIV status, initiated on antiretroviral treatment and achieving viral suppression. The challenge is that only 74% of people living with HIV and/or AIDS are on antiretroviral treatment, and HIV mortality still occurs. Literature recommends the incorporation of a Nurse Initiated Management of Antiretroviral Treatment (NIMART) course within the undergraduate nursing programme to capacitate new nurses to manage people living with HIV and/or AIDS immediately after completion of their training. However, the NIMART course is still not incorporated, and there is dearth of information on this topic in North West Province (NWP). Aim: To explore and describe nurse educators’ perceptions regarding the incorporation of NIMART course within the undergraduate nursing programme in NWP. Setting: The setting of this research study was nursing education institutions of the NWP. Methods: Phenomenography qualitative research design was followed. Twelve nurse educators underwent purposive selection and unstructured individual interviews were conducted. The research co-coder verified the findings. There were ethical considerations and trustworthiness maintained throughout the study. Results: Main themes that emerged in this study depicted benefits and challenges associated with NIMART course incorporation within the undergraduate nursing programme as stated in Table 1. Conclusion: This study concluded that NIMART course incorporation within the undergraduate nursing programme is a good and relevant idea, which requires human and non-human resources. Contribution: The study contributed new knowledge on how nurse educators perceive the NIMART course incorporation within the undergraduate nursing programme in NWP.

Teaching of integrals in Lithuania, Denmark and France is presented. It is suggested to progress to three levels teaching of mathematics.

The aim of the article is to examine the system of career guidance of high school students in the United States of America. The methodology is based on the analyses of the process of career guidance work in the USA, the structure of secondary education in the USA, the role of career counselors, the principles of professiography, three stages in the work of counselors in the Unites States of America. In order to analyse the general system of professional self-determination of students in secondary schools in the United States, it is considered the structure of secondary education in this country. The 10 participants in the action research were career counselors from the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: getting it right first time; national consultant information; programme; quality improvement; rectal cancer EN getting it right first time national consultant information programme quality improvement rectal cancer 1332 1335 4 07/25/23 20230701 NES 230701 Colorectal surgery has emerged as a subspeciality of general surgery. Twenty five per cent of all resections between April 2017 and March 2020 were undertaken by 89 (9%) rectal cancer resection consultants; and 50% of all resections were undertaken by 230 (23%) consultants. In 2019, the median number of rectal resections performed by a colorectal surgeon in England was five, with 44% of surgeons failing to meet the NICE guidelines of more than five rectal resections per year. It is becoming common in many units to provide dual-consultant operating for rectal cancer surgery; this facilitates the transfer and maintenance of technical skills and can also reduce surgeon fatigue during prolonged operations. [Extracted from the article]

The research aimed to determine the training effects on speed potential of young football players by designed training program. Twelve (12) variables were measured, of which three (3) refer to the morphological part, while nine (9) refer to speed and agility tests. It was also assumed that there would be progress in the speed potential and agility of young footballers in favor of the EG, as well as progress in the specific technique. Sample included 33 young football players (Mean ± SD: 8.59 ± 0.69 years of age; body weight 32.12 ± 4.74 kg; height 135.29 ± 5.34 cm; and BMI 17.32 ± 1.76) divided in experimental group (EG) n=18 and control group (CG) n= 15. Greater statistical differences were noticeable in the EG, i.e. progress in the sprint variables at 5 and 10 meters (p<0.05), while in the CG there was none evident deterioration of the results compared to the initial values. Likewise, all variables, except for the 20- meter sprint and the 505 right leg agility test, had some improvement from baseline, but without statistical significance. Short term additional training programme lasting 4 weeks led to increase in speed quality improvement at 5 and 10 m in young football players. Results were in line with previous results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand the use of primary and menstrual ART regimens for HIV patients receiving antiviral treatment in different periods, and to analyze the dressing change situation and reasons of different drug combinations. Methods: Patients initially enrolled in ART from January 2017 to June 2022 were included in the study. The demographic characteristics and the changes of the primary and menstrual ART regimens of the participants in different periods were analyzed and the differences in dressing change rates between the different regimens were compared. Results: Most of the subjects were male, The average age was 41.35±14.2 years old and there was an increasing trend (P < 0.001). TDF/AZT+3TC+EFV was the main ART regimens in newly diagnosed patients, but the utilization rate decreased after the treatment. The TDF+3TC+EFV regimen had the highest dressing change rate (17.3%). Compared with the initial treatment, the utilization rate of the protocol containing LPV/r increased. Integrase-containing regimens increased significantly in the treated patients in 2021 and early 2022 (P < 0.001). Drug change rates did not differ at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years of treatment (P = 0.376). The main reason for dressing change was drug side effects (57.4%). Conclusion: The selection of ART drugs gradually switches from nucleoside and non-nucleosides to integrase inhibitors.The choice of ART drugs is gradually changing from the nucleoside non-nucleoside to integrase inhibitor, which tends to be individualized. Combining the clinical characteristics and complications of patients and choosing the most efficient, low-toxic and simple scheme are more conducive to the long-term effective treatment of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic dishwashers combine capital, energy, and water to provide a relevant household service, namely dishwashing. Consumer behaviour in using the automatic dishwasher influences to a great extend the environmental impact of such a device. But what simple and intuitive recommendation can be given to consumers to save energy and water while maintaining the cleaning performance? This task is investigated by modelling the resource consumption for automatic dishwashers in six European countries by considering the installed base of automatic dishwashers and recently surveyed consumer programme selection behavior. Using this model, a simulation is performed on how three simple recommendations on the programme selection would affect the overall consumption. As a result, more than 20% of the consumed energy can be saved by following these simple recommendations. To facilitate consumers' actual adoption of the recommendations, this publication presents effective communication measures based on the science of consumer behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]