Search

La química de los perfumes y esencias es un campo de la química de gran relevancia económica. Su origen data de la antigüedad cuando se utilizaban resinas y aceites esenciales en prácticas religiosas. Aunque en sus inicios su uso estaba restringido a la realeza y los sacerdotes, con el correr del tiempo, el uso de perfumes y fragancias se fue popularizando. En la actualidad es una actividad de gran relevancia económica derivada del uso de compuestos químicos no solo en la elaboración de perfumes sino también de productos de consumo masivo como jabones, detergentes y champú. Con la finalidad de despertar el interés de los lectores, especialmente jóvenes con inclinación hacia las ciencias químicas, en este artículo se presenta una visión general de la química relacionada con las materias primas tanto de origen natural como sintético usadas en la elaboración de perfumes y fragancias, abordándose de manera general su origen y estructura química, así como algunas aplicaciones.

Sponge-associated microorganisms are key influencers of nutrient biogeochemistry and important sources of bioactive natural products. This study provides the first insights into the taxonomic diversity of the microbial community associated with the sponge Xestospongia sp. from an anchialine cave in the coastal area of the underground river of the Yucatán Peninsula in Xcalak, Quintana Roo, Mexico, and the potential antimicrobial activity of its cultivable bacteria. High abundances of Sulfurospirillum and Desulfovibrio were detected with 16S rRNA amplicons, suggesting that the microbial community of Xestospongia sp. plays an important role in the geochemical sulfur cycle. Analysis with crude extracts of Nocardiopsis dasonvillei NCA-454 revealed antimicrobial activity against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25913 (MSSA) and methicillin- resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA). Studies of the microbiomes of sponges from the anchialine cave system in the Yucatán Peninsula can help elucidate the biogeochemical cycles of these poorly studied environments. Moreover, the microorganisms of these microbial communities represent an untapped source of secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of @limentech: Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentaria is the property of Journal @limentech, University of Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bistua: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Basicas de la Universidad de Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The solvatochromic effect is the modification of the absorption spectrum of a solute by varying the solvent. This research evaluated the solvatochromic characteristics of Malvidin-3-glucoside hydrochloride. The method to obtain maximum wavelengths was by spectral scanning. In primary standard CAS No. 7228-78.6, the variation was determined in binary mixtures of ethanol-water: 40,55, and 70%v/v. The solvatochromic effect when modifying the pH of the solvent (water) was evaluated in natural dye and stabilized. The results suggest that the intermolecular hydrogen connections between Malvidin-3-glucoside and the ethanol-water binary mixtures are responsible for the solvatochromic changes: 565.2586 3.2784nm, 472.5498 2.5128nm and 457.3589 6.2586nm, produced by the analyzed combinations. When anthocyanins are stabilized in a chelating matrix, the solvatochromic changes produced by varying the pH of the water solvent are not significant compared to the unstabilized natural dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El efecto solvatocrómico es la modificación del espectro de absorción de un soluto al variar el solvente. El presente trabajo evaluó las características solvatocrómicas de Malvidina-3-glucósido clorhidrato. El método para obtener longitudes de onda máxima fue por barridos espectrales. En estándar primario CAS N° 7228-78.6, la variación fue determinada en mezclas binarias de etanol-agua: 40,55 y 70%v/v. El efecto solvatocrómico al modificar el pH del solvente (agua) fue evaluado en colorante natural y estabilizado. Los resultados indican que los enlaces hidrógeno intermoleculares entre Malvidina-3-glucósido y las mezclas binarias de etanol-agua son responsables de los cambios solvatocrómicos: 565,2586 ± 3.2784nm, 472,5498 ± 2.5128nm y 457,3589 ± 6.2586nm, producidos por las combinaciones analizadas. Al estabilizar antocianinas en una matriz quelante los cambios solvatocrómicos producidos al variar el pH del solvente agua, son no significativos en comparación con el colorante natural sin estabilizar.

Antecedentes. La serie pedagógica De la universidad a la escuela compila actividades docentes innovadoras que incluyen formación y difusión científica en escuelas primarias y secundarias argentinas. Objetivo. Desarrollar una actividad docente innovadora que expanda las realizadas anteriormente e incluya clases y trabajos prácticos afines en laboratorios escolares. Enfoque y actividades. En un temario de infecciones, se relacionaron las áreas de biología y química con estudiantes que cursaban primero, segundo o cuarto año de una escuela municipal de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Se repasaron, seleccionaron y relacionaron conocimientos de la curricula escolar; luego se agregó información relacionada extraída de los programas universitarios de farmacología y microbiología, además de datos científicos recientes. Se expandió y profundizó el temario de infecciones comunes en adolescentes, particularmente las candidiasis. Se informó sobre Candida albicans resistente a medicamentos, su relevancia médica y la búsqueda de nuevos medicamentos para solucionar el problema sanitario. Como ejemplos de potenciales medicamentos antimicóticos de origen vegetal para combatir Candida albicans resistente a azoles, se tomó en forma comparativa la curcumina y el 8PP, en función de su similar actividad antimicrobiana, aspecto físico y conocimientos previos del alumnado. La primera está contenida en el condimento popular cúrcuma o azafrán de la India; se seleccionó este último por ser conocido por el alumnado. El 8PP, extraído de las raíces de la leguminosa Dalea elegans, continúa siendo investigado en estrategias farmacológicas en Argentina. En este trabajo docente se diseñaron y desarrollaron clases teóricas y prácticas interactivas, adecuadas a los temas tratados y al laboratorio escolar. Resultados. Se desarrolló una propuesta innovadora docente que integra y actualiza distintos conocimientos científicos relacionados con la búsqueda de nuevos medicamentos antimicóticos. Conclusiones.Esta experiencia amplía y enriquece la curricula docente del nivel secundario, tanto en criterios científicos como en datos provenientes de ámbitos argentinos y extranjeros, siguiendo recomendaciones derivadas de su reconocida y valorada originalidad.

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Varios estudios proponen la nucleolina como un blanco alternativo para la búsqueda y el diseño de nuevas terapias antitumorales o anticancerígenas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar compuestos con potenciales afinidades de unión al ARN de las nucleolinas mediante herramientas bioinformáticas. Se evaluaron diez compuestos de los cuales tres moléculas (ácido betulínico, triptolide y berberina) presentaron afinidades de interacción con el dominio de unión al ARN (RNA binding domain, RBD), exhibiendo valores de energía de unión significativamente favorables (p

A pesar de los beneficios a corto plazo que se obtienen al utilizar insecticidas sintéticos convencionales para el control de plagas agrícolas, su uso continuo puede generar varios problemas a largo plazo. Esta situación lleva a una búsqueda permanente de métodos alternativos de control. En el presente trabajo se analizó la actividad insecticida y el efecto sobre la reproducción de los aceites esenciales de Eucalyptus globulus y de Mentha x piperita en áfidos plaga de alfalfa. La actividad insecticida de los aceites esenciales se evaluó a través de ensayos de inmersión propuestos por la FAO y por exposición a hojas tratadas. Ambos aceites esenciales producen toxicidad por inmersión y por contacto. El efecto subletal de los aceites esenciales fue evaluado utilizando el método de inmersión de hoja. Ambos aceites disminuyeron la progenie en las especies de áfidos evaluadas.

Copyright of Revista ION is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wild edible plant species can be a good source of biologically active compounds. Therefore, the aims of this research were to evaluate the antioxidant activity and quantify the phenolic compounds present in ethanolic (70% v/v) and aqueous extracts of Tinantia erecta, and to evaluate their antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The total phenol and flavonoid content and the in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts were assessed, and the phenolic compounds were quantified by HPLC. The extracts (250 µg mL-1) from T. erecta were tested for antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Rhizoctonia solani. The plant organ with the highest concentration of antioxidant compounds was the leaf, and the most efficient solvent for the extraction of these compounds was 70% ethanol. The phenolic compounds found in high concentrations were phloridzin (97.5 mg g-1), naringenin (19.3 mg g-1), and rutin (14.8 mg g-1). The extract obtained from leaves with 70% ethanol inhibited mycelial growth by 84 to 100%, with F. oxysporum being the least sensitive and R. solani being the most sensitive to the effect of the extract. The maximum percentage inhibition of the aqueous extracts was 15.6% against P. capsici. Extracts from the endemic species T. erecta exhibited good antioxidant activity, primarily due to the presence of phenolic compounds, and showed a great potential to inhibit phytopathogenic microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de esta investigación fue diseñar una estrategia de marketing digital para fortalecer la promoción de los productos naturales de la tienda “Natureza” en Potosí, Bolivia. El diagnóstico permitió describir las necesidades, fortalezas y características del negocio y de los clientes potenciales. Se recolectaron datos cualitativos a través de la técnica de la entrevista y la observación participante; y datos cuantitativos con la técnica de la encuesta; los instrumentos fueron la guía de entrevista, la guía de observación y el cuestionario. Como población se consideraron los habitantes de la ciudad de Potosí, mayores de 18 años, con interés en el consumo de productos naturales; la muestra aleatoria quedó conformada por 382 sujetos. El diagnóstico mostró que el 69% la muestra desconocía la existencia de la tienda y el 79% utiliza las redes sociales para informarse. Con base en el diagnóstico se diseñó una estrategia de marketing digital para promocionar la tienda “Natureza” fundamentada en contenidos multimedia que se publicarán en las plataformas digitales de las redes sociales.

A pesar del gran número de evidencias experimentales y el desarrollo de algunos productos, a la fecha, la inmensa mayoría de las enfermedades virales carece de tratamiento terapéutico y profiláctico, y continúan siendo un grave problema de salud. Varias han sido las fuentes descritas como reservorios de compuestos con actividad antiviral contra un amplio espectro de virus. La vasta extensión oceánica ha sido clasificada, en la década de 1980, como el mayor depósito de productos naturales a evaluar por su actividad como posibles drogas. Varios estudios han demostrado que los organismos marinos producen una variedad de compuestos, derivados del metabolismo primario o secundario, que pue- den poseer actividades antivirales y aplicaciones farmacéuticas. Esta revisión se propone abordar las tendencias de la investigación sobre los efectos antivirales in vitro e in vivo de organismos marinos en los últimos años, contra diferentes clases de patógenos virales en todo el mundo. Se consultaron varias bases de datos electrónicas, incluidas PubMed, Google Scholar, Journal of Virology y Journal of General Virology, en busca de artículos publicados en inglés que evaluaran la actividad antiviral de compuestos de origen marino. Los datos presentados en esta revisión destacan las potencialidades de compuestos deriva- dos de organismos marinos como fuentes de nuevos antivirales y abren nuevas vías para más investigaciones sobre este tema. Recibido: 23-05-2022 Aceptado: 23-09-2022 Editor: Aymée Robainas Barcia

Introduction: The natural and traditional medicine is an innocuous, economic therapeutic alternative of easy application; however, the little use of its modalities still persists. Objective: To describe the use of natural and traditional medicine by health professionals in the primary care level. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out from January to March, 2022, that included the 167 doctors and male nurses that worked in the 42 family doctor offices belonging to Ernesto Guevara de la Serna Teaching Polyclinic of Niquero municipality in Granma. Among the analyzed variables were the following: professional profile of the health basic team, frequency of natural and traditional medicine use, most used modalities, prescription according to affections and strengths to guarantee the practice of this treatment. Results: There was a prevalence of residents in comprehensive general medicine (34.8 %), the frequent use of the treatment (43.1 %), as well as fitotherapy (86.8 %) and apitherapy (73.6 %) as most used modalities; also, most of the prescriptions were for the patients with osteomioarticular and cardiovascular diseases (55.7 and 37.1 %, respectively). Conclusions: The use of natural and traditional medicine in primary health care in Niquero municipality provided the health professionals with the necessary information to make future plans and trace strategies related to the treatment variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of most consumed foods in the world, being of great economic importance for Colombians. Rice crops is commonly affected by pests, which requires the use of agrochemicals that also contaminate the environment and harm human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of aqueous extracts from Azadiracta indica leaves, a plant known for its repellent function, on insect populations in an experimental rice crop in vegetative phase. The treatments of the rice ice plots were done with three aqueous dissolutions prepared from A. indica leaves (T1 = 5 %, T2 = 10 %, T3 = 20 %); also, a negative control (T4 = 0 %) was used. Sampling of the insect population was carried out weekly in order to check the efficacy of the extracts. A total of 7418 individuals belonging to 12 orders were processed. Diptera (2720) was the most representative order, followed by Hemiptera (1854), and Coleoptera (1045). No significant pests were found. Delphacidae was the most abundant family (92 individuals were captured). An efficacy of 74% was observed in the third treatment (T3). It was concluded that the use of A. indica had a controlling effect on the insect population of the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The almond tree (Terminalia catappa L.) in Panama is for timber, nutritional, and medicinal use, among others. Little is known about the secondary compounds present in the different parts of this plant species. This work aimed to carry out the phytochemical characterization of the green leaf (GL), green fruit (GF) and ripe fruit (RF) of the almond tree. The sampling was carried out between May to June 2017. The GL, GF and RF of the almond tree were placed separately, in direct extraction treatment with 95% ethanol for one day. The ethanolic extract was obtained by gravity filtration and concentrated in a vacuum rotary evaporator (BUCHI RotavaporTM R-210). Phytochemical screening was performed to determine the three main groups of secondary compounds (phenolics, nitrogenous and terpenes). An Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV) Spectroscopy analysis were performed to find out which functional groups were present. Past 4.02 program was used to generate a graph of relative abundance of the secondary compounds present, and Whittaker index was applied to evaluate the percentage of difference in the phytochemical composition of the plant's parts. With these data, it was able to identify if the semi-quantitative phytochemical characterization is variable for each part, with nitrogen compounds (alkaloids) and phenolic compounds (tannins, flavonoids) presenting greater abundance. No presence of cardiotonic glycosides was found, or gums and mucilage. This information indicates that T. catappa L. is a potential resource for health, being of great ethnobotanical, pharmacological value and for the food industry in Panama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 80% of the world's population uses various medicinal plants for the treatment or control of various diseases, whether acute or chronic, due to their accessibility and low cost, observing in recent years an increase in consumption without proper medical observation. Mexico is considered the second most important country in the world in terms of traditional medicine knowledge, only after China. The use of medicinal plants has been reported since pre-Hispanic times as a therapeutic option; however, the only focus is on the curative part and it has not been considered that plants have secondary metabolites (chemical compounds produced by plants with biological activity in living beings) that, besides having therapeutic effects, have toxic effects in people who consume them, and in some cases reversible effects are observed after suspending their consumption. Copalchi or palo amargo is a medicinal plant obtained from the bark of the Hintonia latiflora tree (syn. Coutarea latiflora), which has been used mainly as an alternative treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes, since it has been shown to have a hypoglycemic effect. However, cases of acute hepatotoxicity have been reported with an increase in hepatic transaminases (ALT and AST) by the continuous consumption of this bark. However, the processing of medicinal plants using physical means (heating or boiling) can alter the pharmacological activity of the organic constituents, which can also be affected in their concentration depending on the environmental factors of cultivation, soil location, humidity, and environmental temperature, as well as the harvesting season (stems, leaves, flowers, roots, seeds). The consumption of this medicinal plant is by means of hot infusions or in capsules with extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To carry out a bibliographic review related to plants available in Costa Rica that have demonstrated antioxidant power and a sun protection factor (SPF) suitable to be used in sunscreen products. Methods: The bibliographic review was carried out using different descriptors and by consulting different databases. Results: Information about antioxidant power about acerola, avocado, carrots, passion fruit, moringa, banana, pumpkin and amaranth, guava, matico, ginkgo, blackberry, mango, coffee was obtained. The information obtained suggests that the mentioned plants could be used for the formulation of sunscreens. Conclusion: Sun protection products should be used every day to prevent skin damage; some sunscreens produce allergic reactions, so it is necessary to investigate natural options to be used in sun protection products. Some natural products exhibit SPF values that allow their incorporation as sun protection agents, adjuvants, or enhancers in sunscreens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CIENCIA UNEMI is the property of Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the large amount of experimental evidence and the development of some products, to date the vast majority of viral diseases lack therapeutic and prophylactic treatment and continue to be a serious health problem. Several sources have been described as reservoirs of compounds with antiviral activity against a wide spectrum of viruses. The vast oceanic expanse has been classified, in the 1980s, as the largest deposit of natural products to be evaluated for their activity as possible drugs. Several studies have shown that marine organisms produce a variety of compounds, derived from primary or secondary metabolism, that may have antiviral activities and pharmaceutical applications. This review aims to address the research trends on in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of marine organisms in recent years, against different classes of viral pathogens worldwide. Various electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Journal of Virology, and Journal of General Virology, were searched for articles published in English evaluating the antiviral activity of marine-derived compounds. The data presented in this review highlight the potentialities of compounds derived from marine organisms as sources of new antivirals and open new avenues for further research on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mixture of oligogalacturonides (Ogal) allows the formation of bonds with heavy metals and modifies the distribution of Cu, Cd and Fe metal cations in the soil, as well as attenuating the toxic effects on tomato seedlings, due to its high proportion of ionizable acid functional groups. Oligogalacturonides are constituted by a linear chain of galacturonic acid molecules linked by a-1-4 bonds. They are considered to be plant biostimulants. In the present work, the effect of an Ogal mixture on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants was determined, which confirmed that they can be used to grow this and probably other species in soils with elevated levels of these metal cations. The application of the Ogal mixture in different forms and combinations modified the bioavailability of these cations in a contaminated soil, favoring the phytoextraction process by tomato plants. Additionally, biomass production was stimulated without the plants showing visual symptoms of phytotoxicity. The results of this work offer an alternative for the use of the Ogal mixture in other hyperaccumulator crops to phytoremediate soils contaminated with heavy metal cations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the use of synthetic insecticides is really advantageous for the control of agricultural pests at short periods, their continuous use can generate several longterm problems. This situation leads to a permanent search for alternative methods of control. In this paper were assessed the insecticidal activity and the effect on the reproduction of essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus and Mentha x piperita on aphids pest of alfalfa. The insecticidal activity of both essential oils was evaluated through two methods: toxicity by inmersion using the FAO dip test protocol and exposition to a treated leaf. Both essential oils produced toxicity by inmersion and by contact. The sublethal effect of essential oils on reproduction was evaluated using the leaf-dipping method. Both essential oils decreased progeny production of aphids species evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El almendro (Terminalia catappa L.) en Panamá es de uso maderable, nutricional, medicinal, entre otros. Se sabe poco sobre los compuestos secundarios presentes en las diferentes partes de esta especie vegetal. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo realizar la caracterización fitoquímica de la hoja verde (HN), fruto verde (FV) y maduro (FM) del almendro. El muestreo se llevó a cabo entre los meses de mayo a junio del 2017. Se colocaron las HN, FV y FM del almendro por separado en tratamiento de extracción directa con etanol al 95% durante un día. El extracto etanólico fue obtenido por filtrado de gravedad y concentrado en un rotavapor al vacío (BUCHI Rotavapor™ R-210). Se realizó un tamizaje fitoquímico para determinar los tres principales grupos de compuestos secundarios (compuestos fenólicos, compuestos nitrogenados y terpenos). También se realizó un análisis de Espectroscopía Infrarroja (FTIR) y Espectroscopía Ultravioleta-Visible (UV) para saber cuáles eran los grupos funcionales presentes. Se utilizó Past 4.02 para generar una gráfica de abundancia relativa de los compuestos secundarios presentes, y se aplicó el índice de Whittaker para evaluar el porcentaje de diferencia en la composición fitoquímica de las diferentes partes vegetales. Con estos datos se logró identificar que la caracterización fitoquímica semicuantitativa es variable para cada parte, presentando mayor abundancia de compuestos nitrogenados (alcaloides) y compuestos fenólicos (taninos, flavonoides). No se observó presencia de glicósidos cardiotónicos, ni de gomas y mucilagos. Esta información resalta que T. catappa L. es un potencial recurso para la salud, siendo de gran valor etnobotánico, farmacológico y para la industria alimenticia en Panamá.

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this research is to compare the chemical profiles of the essential oils of Lippia origanoides leaves collected in Santa Marta and Sincelejo at different hours. The leaves were harvested at 6:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., and 6:00 p.m., the essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation assisted by microwave radiation and the chemical profiles were determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The results showed Thymol as the major metabolite in all samples, however, Sincelejo presented the highest percentages of Thymol with 68.02% at 6:00 a.m., while in Santa Marta at 6:00 p.m was 63.19%. In all cases, the lowest concentrations of Thymol were found at 12:00 md., because high temperatures can volatilize this compound and in the case of Santa Marta, because it is a coastal area and temperature at noon is higher than in Sincelejo. Therefore, concentrations of 33.12% and 59.06% were found respectively. A similar case occurs with Ocimeno and 3-Tujeno, which showed a decrease of concentration in this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pathogenic protozoans, like Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis, represent a major health problem in tropical countries; and polymeric nanoparticles could be used to apply plant extracts against those parasites. Objective: To test Curcuma longa ethanolic extract and Berberis vulgaris methanolic extracts, and their main constituents, against two species of protozoans. Methods: We tested the extracts, as well as their main constituents, curcumin (Cur) and berberine (Ber), both non-encapsulated and encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), in vitro. We also determined nanoparticle characteristics by photon correlation spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and hemolytic capacity by hemolysis in healthy erythrocytes. Results: C. longa consisted mainly of tannins, phenols, and flavonoids; and B. vulgaris in alkaloids. Encapsulated particles were more effective (P < 0.001); however, curcumin and berberine nanoparticles were the most effective treatments. CurNPs had IC50 values (μg/mL) of 9.48 and 4.25, against E. histolytica and T. vaginalis, respectively, and BerNPs 0.24 and 0.71. The particle size and encapsulation percentage for CurNPs and BerNPs were 66.5 and 73.4 nm, and 83.59 and 76.48 %, respectively. The NPs were spherical and significantly reduced hemolysis when compared to non-encapsulated extracts. Conclusions: NPs represent a useful and novel bioactive compound delivery system for therapy in diseases caused by protozoans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agriscientia is the property of Revista AgriScientia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present study, exocarp of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and mesocarp of passion fruit (Passiflora ligularis) were used as promising sources of pectin for the industry. Acid hydrolysis was used, and two pH levels and hydrolysis times were analyzed. The pectin obtained were evaluated (humidity, final pH, methoxyl number, percentage of esterification, galacturonic acid, IR analysis) and the results were compared with a commercial standard and literature. The analysis carried out showed that the pectin obtained from these two sources exhibit excellent characteristics compared to the standards for this kind of material. The conditions that maximize extraction performance were also identified, generating an alternative for handling by-products from related industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El color rojo es característico de los símbolos y emblemas del Perú. No solamente está presente en la bandera, sino también es característico del ave (Rupicola peruviana) y flor (Cantua buxifolia) nacionales. Sus colores se deben a las características estructurales de las sustancias orgánicas pertenecientes a la familia de los carotenoides y flavonoides. Aparte de su uso como pigmentos y colorantes, estos compuestos también encuentran diversas aplicaciones en farmacéutica y nutrición debido a sus propiedades antioxidantes. Esta revisión detalla los compuestos específicos que dan origen al color rojo de las plantas y animales más representativos del Perú. Se destaca además la presencia de sustancias únicas no observadas en otras especies.

The (Zingiber officinale) is a plant of the zingiberáceas family, its rhizome is widely used in gastronomy for its pungent aroma and flavor. Essential oils (EO) are natural compounds; they have 25 to 70 components with different concentrations. Α-Zingiberene and α-Felandrene are the main components with volumes between 20% and 70%. For the extraction of the AE samples from 10 Colombian geographical locations were used, obtained by microwave radiated hydrodistillation (MWHD) and stored at 4°C in amber vials. 50 µL of EA and 1.0 µL of (n-tetradecane) internal standard were dissolved in dichloromethane to a final volume of 1.0 mL. The EO components were performed on a triple quadruple mass detector gas chromatograph (BRUKER 450GC-320). For its antioxidant activity (AA) the methodology of Prior for DPPH* and ABTS+ was used. The extractions showed a yield between 0.053 and 0.109 percent; and 300 g of sample at 700 watts and 40 minutes of process were used. The chromatographic profile showed 43 components referring to ketones, alcohols, cyclic ethers, aldehydes and 23 hydrocarbons, with α-Zingiberene being the majority, considered as a molecular marker of this EO. The AA presents significant differences between the samples evaluated for the localities studied.

Objetivos. Aislar, seleccionar e identificar actinomicetos asociados a hormigas cortadoras de hojas Atta cephalotes (Linnaeus, 1758), que presenten mayor actividad anti-Candida. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en hormigas recolectadas de una localidad de Huánuco, Perú, a partir de las cuales se aislaron cepas de actinomicetos que fueron evaluadas mediante pruebas in vitro para determinar su capacidad antagonista frente a especies de Candida. Los actinomicetos de mayor antagonismo fueron seleccionados y cultivados en agitación, luego se obtuvieron los metabolitos extracelulares con solventes orgánicos y finalmente se evaluaron los extractos crudos para determinar cuantitativamente la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI). Resultados. Se logró aislar 30 actinomicetos, de los cuales el 47 % presentaron actividad antagonista a Candida albicans (C. albicans) ATCC 7516, el 43 % a Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7307, el 37% a Candida tropicalis ATCC 7206 y C. albicans ATCC 10231 y el 30% a C. albicans ATCC 98028. Extractos orgánicos de las cepas HAA-16 y HAA-17 presentaron marcada actividad anti-Candida; siendo el extracto de acetato de etilo de la cepa HAA- 17 el de mejor rendimiento por tener mayor espectro de actividad y presentar una CMI de 3,25 mg/ml frente a C. albicans ATCC 7516 y Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7307. Los actinomicetos seleccionados se identificaron mediante técnicas moleculares como miembros del género Streptomyces. Conclusiones. Los actinomicetos asociados a Atta cephalotes son excelentes productores de compuestos bioactivos, capaces de inhibir el crecimiento de levaduras patógenas del género Candida y con potencial aplicación en el desarrollo de nuevos productos naturales de interés biomédico.

Copyright of Avances en Odontoestomatologia is the property of Ediciones Avances SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the study was to develop an antioxidant gel using Citrus sinensis essential oil as active compound. A gel was made to which a concentration of 5% of essential oil of Citrus sinensis was added; the indicators of physical-chemical stability were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 30 and 60 days; the antioxidant activity was determined using the anti-radical activity techniques DPPH•, ABTS• +, and ORAC at 0, 15, 30 and 60 days. The chemical composition was evaluated by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry at time 0, 15, 30 and 60 days. The results indicate that the organoleptic characteristics of the emulsion were stable; the pH was between 7.001 and 8.012. The initial antioxidant activity by the DPPH• and ABTS• + methods was 365.9 ± 0.51 and 28.3 ± 0.11, respectively. The physical and chemical parameters evaluated were maintained during the 60 days of study. These results continue to add evidence to support essential oils, as a good natural and available source, to facilitate the development of different cosmetic preparations with defined biological activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this systematic review, we evaluated the link between inducers of oxidative or nitrosative stresses (OS/NS) and antifungal activity against fungi of medical relevance (including Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus spp.), through a direct action on the fungal cell or modulating phagocyte response. Moreover, the clinical implications of this biochemical event, as well as the perspectives, were examined, highlighting the search for new compounds with antifungal activity, mainly those from natural sources and, which explores the induction of OS or NS as part of the mechanism of action. Methodology: Articles from different databases and published at any time were evaluated, between April and June 2017, and using different descriptors. Results: First, a definition of OS and NS was established in which an increase in reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS, quantified directly and from mitochondrial, Fenton reaction, endoplasmic reticulum or other fungal sources) should exceed the antioxidant defense capacity of the microorganism (evaluated by transcriptomic or proteomic or metabolomic profiles or enzyme activity levels). These events, by time and conditions delimited, can lead to the signaling of apoptosis or an actual damage toward biomolecules (lipid peroxidation or protein oxidation or DNA damage) and, consequently, they can cause cell death or other associated antifungal effect. Therefore, 64 articles were found, of these, only one was published before 2000 and 50 between 2007-2017, reporting the induction of OS or NS directly into the fungal cell via an increase in ROS or RNS as part of the mechanism of action of classical antifungal agents (22 publications), such as: azoles (fluconazole, itraconazole, and miconazole), polyenes (amphotericin B, [AnB]), and echinocandins (micafungin). This redox modulation has also been reported as an important therapeutic target in the search for new natural compounds with antifungal activity (32 publications), which is supported for the great variety of inducers from nature. Compounds that also induce the oxidative burst of phagocytes, including AnB, promote a combinatorial antifungal effect in vivo. In addition to the antifungal effect against planktonic cells, the relation between OS or NS and antifungal activity against fungal biofilms has also been reported. It has been established in the recent literature a clear link between OS or NS and antifungal effect, during the action of antifungal agents already used in the therapy in humans as well as for possible drug candidates. Thus, the induction of OS or NS as part of the mechanism of action proves to be an important therapeutic target with favorable perspectives on the outcomes in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desde el hallazgo e identificación de Helicobacter pylori en material de tejido gástrico por Marshall y Warrent en 1983, nuestro conocimiento sobre esta infección ha evolucionado notablemente. Se acepta al momento actual, su rol dentro de la multifactoriedad de la patología ulcero péptica gastroduodenal y el adenocarcinoma gástrico. En la actualidad, numerosas terapias a base de antibióticos están disponibles, Sin embargo, estas terapias tienen varios problemas, incluyendo la aparición de resistencia y los efectos adversos asociados a los antibióticos, el riesgo de re-infección y el alto costo de dicho tratamiento. Este trabajo resume y analiza los estudios recientes más relevantes de plantas con actividad anti Helicobacter pylori. Las especies vegetales se presentan como una fuente muy diversa para la obtención de compuestos activos con potencial bactericida, así como para el desarrollo de nuevas terapias diseñadas para el control de H pylori.

Copyright of Ciencia, Tecnología y Salud is the property of Ciencia, Tecnologia y Salud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bixa orellana L. is a native plant from Brazil, but it is also present in other tropical countries such as Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Indonesia, India and East Africa. It is popularly known as Urucum in Brazil. This review shows the potential of bioactive compounds derived from B. orellana to treat infectious diseases due their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. This plant is also related as an anti-inflammatory agent for treatment of pulmonary diseases, or even as eye drops for redness. Its leaves are used for treatment of snakebite, diarrhea, gonorrhea, hepatitis, gastritis, diuretic, antipyretic, and for skin disease. This popular knowledge has encouraged the identification of bioactive compounds in this plant. Compounds as ß-cryptoxanthin, geranylgeraniol, lutein, procyanidin B2, procyanidin B3, ellagitannin isomer and ellagic acid deoxyhexose have been described. These compounds inhibited pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoan and viruses. In addition, some compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were also described. In this sense, B. orellana is a promising source of compounds that could be applied in antimicrobial therapy. This review work may help in the understanding and incentive of new research for antimicrobial discoveries using different B. orellana compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales is the property of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales del Centro Agropecuario Sena Buga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)