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Objective: Many studies have observed different characteristics among productive systems in the rural territories of Latin America. Therefore, understanding and characterizing them while they function plays an essential role in determining their relationship between development and environment. A study has been conducted in the Orellana province of NE Ecuador to determine their typology and then classify them according to the variables that describe their main traits or attributes using cluster analysis (CA). Materials and Methods: A survey was structured to investigate physical, productive, environmental, as well as socioeconomic character variables, which were subsequently applied to a random sample of the 5,963 agricultural productive units (APUs) through face-to-face contact with producers during an in situ visit to their farms. Result: The CA allowed us to identify three typologies of APUs in the Orellana Province. The first has been Type 1, which is denominated as the most conventional (40%), while Type 2 uses more efficient natural resources but represents an amount of only 9.4%. In contrast, type 3 (50.6%) depends on a significant part of local or national development programs. Conclusion: All groups indicated some peculiarities in common, as there were marked differences in the use and distribution of land as well as production methods among them. Consequently, this pioneering study allowed us to identify different production methods. Therefore, we encourage local and national governments to establish policies for natural resource conservation in such high-diversity zones. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 171-180]

Objective: Many studies have observed different characteristics among productive systems in the rural territories of Latin America. Therefore, understanding and characterizing them while they function plays an essential role in determining their relationship between development and environment. A study has been conducted in the Orellana province of NE Ecuador to determine their typology and then classify them according to the variables that describe their main traits or attributes using cluster analysis (CA). Materials and Methods: A survey was structured to investigate physical, productive, environmental, as well as socioeconomic character variables, which were subsequently applied to a random sample of the 5,963 agricultural productive units (APUs) through face-to-face contact with producers during an in situ visit to their farms. Result: The CA allowed us to identify three typologies of APUs in the Orellana Province. The first has been Type 1, which is denominated as the most conventional (40%), while Type 2 uses more efficient natural resources but represents an amount of only 9.4%. In contrast, type 3 (50.6%) depends on a significant part of local or national development programs. Conclusion: All groups indicated some peculiarities in common, as there were marked differences in the use and distribution of land as well as production methods among them. Consequently, this pioneering study allowed us to identify different production methods. Therefore, we encourage local and national governments to establish policies for natural resource conservation in such high-diversity zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present here the first detailed description of the seasonal patterns in bacterial community composition (BCC) in shelf waters off the Ría de Vigo (Spain), based on monthly samplings during 2 years. Moreover, we studied the relationship between bacterial and small-sized eukaryotic community composition to identify potential biotic interactions among components of these two communities. Bacterial operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness and diversity systematically peaked in autumn–winter, likely related to low resource availability during this period. BCC showed seasonal and vertical patterns, with Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae families dominating in surface waters, and SAR11 clade dominating at the base of the photic zone (30 m depth). BCC variability was significantly explained by environmental variables (e.g., temperature of water, solar radiation, or dissolved organic matter). Interestingly, a strong and significant correlation was found between BCC and small-sized eukaryotic community composition (ECC), which suggests that biotic interactions may play a major role as structuring factors of the microbial plankton in this productive area. In addition, co-occurrence network analyses revealed strong and significant, mostly positive, associations between bacteria and small-sized phytoplankton. Positive associations likely result from mutualistic relationships (e.g., between Dinophyceae and Rhodobacteraceae), while some negative correlations suggest antagonistic interactions (e.g., between Pseudo-nitzchia sp. and SAR11). These results support the key role of biotic interactions as structuring factors of the small-sized eukaryotic community, mostly driven by positive associations between small-sized phytoplankton and bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nova Economia is the property of Nova Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of H-Industria: Revista de Historia de la Industria Argentina y Latinoamericana is the property of H-Industria, Revista de Historia de la Industria Argentina y Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista do Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes is the property of Revista do Instituto de Laticinios Candido Tostes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Recorde: Revista de História do Esporte is the property of Recorde: Revista de Historia do Esporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Terra Latinoamericana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The transformations in the wine sector have led to important changes in the vineyards and wineries of the wine regions. These spaces have focused on the production of quality wines (under some form of protected designation of origin) and that are destined for increasingly numerous, diverse, and demanding markets. The objective of this work is to analyse the location guidelines of wineries in the Zaragoza municipality of Borja (from cave wineries to new industrial wineries). Maps have been drawn showing the various variables that explain the new location guidelines, and interviews have been conducted with various agents involved in the sector. The results reflect significant changes in the spatial location of wineries and in their structure, many of which have left the hills to settle near the communication centres in the lower areas of the municipality. Production and management systems have also changed. However recently, a new logic is being seen in the location of wineries, especially those that make more exclusive wines, with locations that prioritise environmental and landscape values over functional value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Many studies have observed different characteristics among productive systems in the rural territories of Latin America. Therefore, understanding and characterizing them while they function plays an essential role in determining their relationship between development and environment. A study has been conducted in the Orellana province of NE Ecuador to determine their typology and then classify them according to the variables that describe their main traits or attributes using cluster analysis (CA)., Materials and Methods: A survey was structured to investigate physical, productive, environmental, as well as socioeconomic character variables, which were subsequently applied to a random sample of the 5,963 agricultural productive units (APUs) through face-to-face contact with producers during an in situ visit to their farms., Result: The CA allowed us to identify three typologies of APUs in the Orellana Province. The first has been Type 1, which is denominated as the most conventional (40%), while Type 2 uses more efficient natural resources but represents an amount of only 9.4%. In contrast, type 3 (50.6%) depends on a significant part of local or national development programs., Conclusion: All groups indicated some peculiarities in common, as there were marked differences in the use and distribution of land as well as production methods among them. Consequently, this pioneering study allowed us to identify different production methods. Therefore, we encourage local and national governments to establish policies for natural resource conservation in such high-diversity zones., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research.)

Abstract Productivity of passion fruit in Brazil varies widely among producers in different states and regions depending on the adoption of technologies. In this study, the goal was to evaluate the producers profile and use of technologies in passion fruit production in the Triângulo Mineiro region, driven by the local juice industry. The research was carried out from 2018 to 2019, using Behavioral Diagnosis of Productive Activity methodology, based on questionnaires applied to 22 producers in eight cities. The data were submitted to descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis. Most producers grow passion fruit in up to 5 ha, in a family work regimen, and have little experience. The cultivation system is open field in vertical trellis, with a production cycle of 1.5 years. The great majority use manual pollination, chemical and organic fertilization, and do not systematically adopt integrated phytosanitary management. The seedlings are purchased from qualified nurseries and the most planted cultivar is the FB 300. The main losses reported by producers were caused by drought and damage to floral bud, with an average fruit yield of 17 t ha-1 year-1. This production chain is structured but requires technical interventions to increase the profitability and sustainability of the production system.

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Distributed systems of just-in-time (JIT) processes are considered. Such processes are described in terms of point (counting) processes. The problems of estimating the completion and execution times of operations for a distributed system of homogeneous productive JIT processes are formulated and solved. The mathematical model and proofs are given in martingale terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to characterize the livelihoods and identify the uses of the forest for food, health, construction and fuel of families living in the Tucuruí Lake Conservation Units Mosaic, state of Pará. producer typology, defined from data collection by secondary sources, and application of a questionnaire containing open questions, aided by interview script and photographic record. For sampling, the method named snowball was used. Twelve interviews were conducted, 3 for fisherman, farmer, fisherman / farmer and non-agricultural income types. It was found that the livelihood types found are the main ones within the Lake region. Each type has its own peculiarity, but all somehow make use of forest resources. For food, the types that most hunt are non-agricultural income, fisherman and fisherman / farmer, the non-agricultural income and farmer types are the ones that collect the most fruits. The non-agricultural income type proved to be the type that most collects forest species for medicinal use. In the use of wood for fuel and construction the types fisherman / farmer, farmer and fisherman stand out, while for sale of wood stand out the fisherman / farmer and non-agricultural income. In general, the forest is of great importance for all types of rural families, as it contributes to the generation of income, as well as to the productive systems, food and health care, always in the sense of guaranteeing a financial economy and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de Investigación is the property of Grupo Compas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cocoa in Colombia is an agricultural activity of social, economic and environmental importance, however, for the department of Córdoba its management is limited by the lack of studies that lead to proposing sustainable management strategies taking into account phytosanitary aspects. AGROSAVIA-Turipaná, began the study of recognition of arthropods associated with cocoa in this area, to generate technological offers on integrated pest management strategies. The objective was to preliminarily obtain the record of arthropod pests associated with cocoa cultivation in the upper Sinú area, Córdoba, Colombia. Four samplings were carried out between May 2023 and April 2024 (dry and rainy season), in six farms between the municipalities of Tierralta and Valencia, the direct sampling method was used, manually collecting the arthropods present in the different organs. of the cocoa tree, these were deposited in containers with 70% alcohol, labeled and transferred to the AGROSAVIA entomology laboratories, to be processed and thus obtain taxonomic identifications. Among the preliminary results, there are 4 taxonomic orders with an incidence rate of 100% respectively: Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. Of these orders, 6 families were identified: Anthribidae, Cerambycidae, Coreidae, Formicidae, Oecophoridae and Pentatomidae. This study constitutes the first record of arthropods associated with cocoa cultivation in the upper Sinú area, Códob-, being a contribution for future research and for the implementation of integrated pest management strategies that allow improving the productivity of the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Producao Online is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mondes en Developpement is the property of De Boeck Universite and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research on productive systems in small herds is scarce and it is convenient to characterize these systems to identify areas of potential improvement. The objective of this study was to characterize the productive structure, and perform an economic analysis, of the ovine production system in the Bajo Mixe region, in the municipality of San Juan Cotzocon Mixe, Oaxaca. Twenty sheep farmers in three communities, nine in Arroyo Peña Amarilla, six in El Porvenir and five in La Libertad, participated in a survey that included the diagnosis of the sociocultural and economic status of the sheep farmer, and various technical activities. The production system is that known as “backyard" or subsistence. The farmers have small grazing herds, labor and scarce agricultural land. The production process is simple and focuses on self-consumption. The farmer has an average of 5.68 years of experience; he owns 10.65 sheep that feed on pastures of 1 ha, with an average stoking rate of 10.65 sheep ha-1. The facilities are rustic, reproduction is not planned, the supplement is deficient, sanitary control is rudimentary and strategic health programs are limited. In the region, the “criollo" sheep have on average life of 3.88 years. The magnitude of the investment, the production costs, and the scarce sales prevent obtaining enough income to cover the costs. To achieve equilibrium it is required to produce 23.1 lambs, which is more than double the average inventory. This fact points to the impossibility of obtaining economic profits in the traditional system. The sheep activity in the region of the Bajo Mixe, maintains low levels of development, productivity and technological adoption. Therefore, the size of the flocks should increase, participation in government support programs should be promoted and each community be organized, in order to obtain scaled benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ambato Valley is located in the center-east of the province of Catamarca, within the Department that bears the same name. This valley is bounded to the west by the mountain range called Ambato-Manchao (4050 masl), while to the east the territorial limit is given by the Serra Graciana-Balcozna (1850 masl). Based on the field work carried out during 2013-2014, a set of structures and materials on the surface (i.e. ceramic and lithic) were observed. This new site identified as La Rinconada Arriba (LRA from now on), invites us to suggest that it is not possible to think of this agro-pastoral system as a homogenous whole, but that it is necessary to understand it with variants that can respond to various product transformations of varied social, political, environmental and/or chronological relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, during the first semester of 2018, the existing urban livestock in the city of Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia was evaluated. A total of 40 interviews were applied from a total population of 198 people who registered this type of productive activity; the questions were oriented towards: general aspects of the interviewee; socio-economic aspects; participation according to sex; knowledge of animal management; managed species, received training and economic values. It is determined that this type of productive work in advance by 53% of male and 47% female. The socioeconomic strata in which this work is carried out are the poorest. The most important reasons given for accessing this productive model were in order of importance: lack of employment in the rural sector 33% and displacement due to the armed conflict 20 and 87.5% determine that their productive work is aimed at security food and subsistence of their family group. It is a subsistence economy that is practiced empirically, which obeys a scheme of adaptation to the social system, whose main feature are low wage income, lack of employment and the informal economy; It can also be seen as one of the alternatives for self-integration of the population displaced by the armed confrontation and a peaceful and independent way of obtaining family support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uma meta-análise foi realizada para avaliar o desempenho e a qualidade de carcaça e carne de suínos em função do sistema de alojamento nas fases de crescimento/terminação. Foram selecionadas publicações indexadas com resultados de experimentos comparando variáveis de desempenho e de pós-abate de suínos alojados em sistemas intensivos convencionais ou ao ar livre. A base de dados contemplou 27 artigos publicados entre 1997 e 2009. Ao total, foram considerados 2.985 animais e 701 médias na análise de dados. A meta-análise foi realizada através de duas análises sequenciais: gráfica e de variância-covariância. O sistema de criação de suínos ao ar livre aumentou em 9% (P0,05) pelo sistema de alojamento dos suínos. Concluiu-se que o sistema de criação influencia no desempenho dos suínos, mas não interfere nas características de carcaça e carne estudadas.A meta-analysis was carried out to study performance and characteristics of carcass and meat in pigs in function of housing system during the growing/finishing period. Indexed publications with results of experiments comparing performance and post-slaughter variables of pigs housed in outdoor or conventional intensive systems were selected. In total, 2.985 animals and 701 averages were considered in the data analysis. Meta-analysis followed two sequential analyses: graphic and variance. The outdoor productive system increased in 9% (P0.05) by the housing system. It is concluded that the housing system influences the pig performance, but does not interfere in characteristics of carcass and meat.

Copyright of Comechingonia: Revista de Arqueología is the property of Comechingonia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Oficios Terrestres is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fee-fishing operations developed recently in Brazilian agricultural scenery in a rather disordered manner. This study, carried out at the northwest region of São Paulo State, Brazil, focuses on the productive performance of fee-fishing system. Several visits were made monthly to nine fee-fishing establishments, for six months. A questionnaire by owners targeting 13 indicators of the operation's productive performance. Data were submitted to multivariate analysis (MANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. MANOVA indicated significant differences between the fee-fishing operations. The PCA analyses indicated, from the higher coefficient eigenvectors, three attributes for the lakes, such as productive system, fishery management and operational administration. The cluster analyses classified the fishing lakes in four groups. The indicators angler frequency (AF), stocking density (SD), stocking biomass (SB), total capture (TC) and capture/lake/day (CLD), which are part of the attribute productive system, were the most important indicators of "fee-fishing" operations performance in this study.

Copyright of Anuario de Investigaciones (2408-3992) is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to assess the type of producer underlying the socio-economic region XIV Tulijá-Tseltal-Chól in the state of Chiapas, Mexico, a study was made on a regional basis of production systems. Direct interviews with producers (317) of agricultural production units by wandering around the towns of this region are characterized by being formed of ethnic groups of Mayan origin (Tzeltal, Chol and Tsotsiles), with a strong presence of mestizos and European descent. Forty eight (48) variables that were preselected leaving 11 for analysis by multivariate analysis were explored. The results show four types of producers who share productive activities like supplying minerals and animal health campaigns, but different in other aspects such as education. Another shared aspect is the low level of technological development that seems to show the poor promotion of its use that could improve the productive capacity that apparently seems to be limited by the amount of land. It is concluded that the type described is feasible to be used as qualifiers and push forward the resources devoted to underpin regional production must contain differentiated policies and in turn generate appropriate modern technology, real application to geo-ecological conditions region and promoting the use of it to recognize biodiversity and sustainable production as part of development strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a fully analysis of the basic principles, characteristics and related models of intelligent teaching system, this paper applies data mining technology to the system, puts forward a research idea of intelligent teaching system based on web and data mining and presents an overall design and implementation scheme of the system. It focuses on the application of sorting algorithm and its expandability in data mining, employs ID3 algorithm in classification trees and expandability methods which integrate data mining and DBMS closely and classifies students by teaching difficulty successfully. It allows the system to adapt to efficient information mining based on a large number of data. Meanwhile, such kind of research and application makes a new attempt to apply data mining ideas to intelligent teaching system and improve the performance of system. To study inference mechanisms which demonstrate system intelligence, this paper sets up a productive system of confirmatory inference, adopts an inference control strategy combining forward and backward inference in teaching strategy control and achieves individualized teaching processes dominated by teachers and centered on students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The features of productive systems are considered. The lacks of existent methods of comparison of productive systems are exposed. The advanced criterion of comparison of the productive systems is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]