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Science as an object of knowledge has been a central concern of the social sciences since the first decades of the 20th century. However, the object itself is neither static nor unchanging, and has been transformed over time. In recent decades, the innovative approach of gender studies has gained considerable ground in the social studies of science. While some of them have paid attention to the relations of the professional field with the family sphere and have investigated the ways in which structural factors of the life course play an important role in research careers, there are still few theoretical and empirical contributions that think of science as productive work highly articulated with social reproduction. Although this axis of enquiry is still incipient in social studies of science, it is consolidated within the social sciences hand in hand with labour studies and feminist economics. Within the framework of the important contributions made, this paper seeks to review the existing literature and a conceptual approach to the understanding of scientific work and its articulations with reproductive work, taking gender as a category of analysis. The paper is organised in four parts: in the first section we will review the critiques of the concept of work inherited from modernity and we will focus on thinking of science as work with specificities; in the second section we will address the processes of social reproduction in terms of the articulation of spheres; in the third section we will consider the study of gender and science; in the fourth section, we will describe the way in which this conceptual proposal operates in the empirical study carried out; finally, we will present a systematisation of the concepts developed throughout the paper and a conceptual approach to their approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The architecture service industry has typically been slow in accepting new digital technologies due to many reasons, such as the industry's complexity, the diverse sizes of companies, client types, and stakeholders' technical skills. The combination of these business service factors with those that affect the intention of a user to use a technology offers a novel model for predicting the success of technology adoption in this business. This study aims to identify the factors in the architecture industry that influence the process of technology adoption. The process of qualitative data collection was conducted using semi-structured interviews with the participation of 30 architecture and design managers to explore the factors that they consider important when adopting digital technology in their organizations. This was conducted to compare these factors with those identified by users as influential in the adoption of digital technology. The analysis was conducted in three stages, namely transcribing, coding, and extracting major themes. This study will further help in identifying whether managers viewed the factors identified in the quantitative study as significant in affecting their decisions to adopt the technology. The major findings of this study revealed that several factors influence the adoption of technology in the architecture industry at the managerial level. These factors include cost, brief preparation, service quality, result demonstrability, project time, environmental considerations, training considerations, and user-friendliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia Política is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Significance: Retirees represent a growing segment of the population as life expectancy increases and the length of retirement is extended. This growth has prompted a number of studies into the nature of retirement. Associated with this interest is an exploration of the meaning of work and impacts on meaning formation in the transition to retirement. Increasingly, retirees are exploring concepts such as the 'third age' and 'successful ageing' as they enter their retirement years in a good state of mental and physical capacity. This exploration is particularly prevalent in those retiring from academic posts, for whom identity is often closely bound with their productive work, whether in research or teaching. Whatever the mode of stepping down from full-time paid employment, the literature is unanimous in its observation that planning for retirement is the strongest indicator of a successful and meaningful transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El escaso valor atribuido al trabajo de las mujeres se remonta a la división sexual de las actividades entre el espacio productivo y el reproductivo, bajo un criterio de valoración del mercado que constituye un índice semántico para considerar lo que es trabajo y lo que no. Esta dualidad valorativa se ha trasladado a las actividades remuneradas, en las que el género ha sido el criterio de diferenciación para ordenar y dar estatus a los trabajos pagados. En Colombia, al trabajo de los cuidados se le han asignado cualidades morales que lo convierten en actividades voluntarias, desinteresadas y gratuitas. Por ello, este artículo se propone hacer un análisis crítico, desde una perspectiva feminista, sobre la reivindicación de los derechos de las mujeres en la disputa por nombrar y reconocer su trabajo. Se ilustrará el caso de las Madres Comunitarias en los cuidados de la niñez al servicio del Estado, explorando los criterios interpretativos de la Corte Constitucional en los últimos treinta años sobre los cuidados como trabajo y la realidad laboral de las cuidadoras.

The economic and social importance of ethnic minority microbusinesses ('EMMBs' with 1–9 employees) is neglected in human resource (HR) academic and policy discourse on productive ways of working. This article presents an action research approach to show how academics and intermediaries (local trusted industry representatives) can collaborate to promote HR development programmes targeted at more productive methods of operating in EMMBs. Our research collaboration involves academics, EMMBs (from the catering and creative sectors) and intermediaries. We develop perspectives on HR in small firms by showing how EMMBs can be engaged in initiatives of learning and development targeted at organisational change. The study contributes to recent calls for a more inclusive approach to HR theorising and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Despite extensive efforts, issues like obesity and poor physical capacity remain challenges for a healthy work life in several occupations. The Goldilocks work principle offers a new approach, encouraging design of productive work to promote physical capacity and health. This paper presents the protocol for the Goldilocks-childcare study, a randomised controlled intervention trial aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing the Goldilocks work principle in childcare. The primary aim of the intervention is to increase time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by having the childcare workers act as active role models for children in daily playful physical activities, and thereby improve cardiorespiratory fitness and health of the workers. Methods The study is a cluster-randomised trial with a usual-practice wait-list control group. The 10-week intervention consists of two phases. In the first, the childcare workers will participate in two participatory workshops aiming to a) develop playful physical activities (‘Goldilocks-games’) for children in which childcare workers participate as active role models at MVPA intensity, and b) develop action plans for implementation of the Goldilocks-games in daily work routines. In the second phase, childcare institutions will implement the Goldilocks-games. The primary outcome is working time spent in MVPA, and secondary outcomes are cardiorespiratory fitness, sleeping heart rate, perceived need for recovery, and productivity. Primary outcome and process evaluation will be based on direct measurements of physical activity and heart rate, determination of cardiorespiratory fitness, and questionnaires. Discussion If proven effective, the Goldilocks work principle has a large potential for promoting sustainable health and working lives of childcare workers. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN15644757, Registered 25th December 2019

This research reviews the commons paradigm as a framework for understanding the positive contribution of older cohorts to society. The commons, thought as instituting praxis that provide social goods based on autonomy and reciprocity, can help in understanding the role of this age group in providing care to the rest of society. This approach overturns the way economic literature approaches the aging phenomenon. What is understood as a “common evil”—or a problem that needs to be solved—can be analyzed as a “common good.” From this perspective, older people (population aged 65 and over) are essential to European society and the economy to carry out informal care activities that enable and facilitate the “productive” activities of working people.

The architecture service industry has typically been slow in accepting new digital technologies due to many reasons, such as the industry’s complexity, the diverse sizes of companies, client types, and stakeholders’ technical skills. The combination of these business service factors with those that affect the intention of a user to use a technology offers a novel model for predicting the success of technology adoption in this business. This study aims to identify the factors in the architecture industry that influence the process of technology adoption. The process of qualitative data collection was conducted using semi-structured interviews with the participation of 30 architecture and design managers to explore the factors that they consider important when adopting digital technology in their organizations. This was conducted to compare these factors with those identified by users as influential in the adoption of digital technology. The analysis was conducted in three stages, namely transcribing, coding, and extracting major themes. This study will further help in identifying whether managers viewed the factors identified in the quantitative study as significant in affecting their decisions to adopt the technology. The major findings of this study revealed that several factors influence the adoption of technology in the architecture industry at the managerial level. These factors include cost, brief preparation, service quality, result demonstrability, project time, environmental considerations, training considerations, and user-friendliness.

Copyright of Revista Razón Crítica is the property of La Fundacion Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVES: In spite of preventive efforts, organizations and employees face several challenges related to working life and occupational health, such as a substantial prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, social inequality in health and physical capacity, multi-morbidity, an obesity epidemic and an aging workforce. We argue that a new approach to occupational ergonomics and health is required, going beyond prevention of harm caused by work. We propose the "Goldilocks Principle" for how productive work can be designed to promote health and physical capacity. METHODS: Physical (in)activity profoundly influences health and physical capacity, with effects depending on the extent and temporal structure of the (in)activity. Like the porridge, chair and bed that needed to be "just right" for Goldilocks in the The Three Bears fairytale, physical activity during productive work needs to be "just right" for promoting rather than deteriorating health and capacity. In many jobs, physical activity is, however, either too much/high/frequent or too little/low/infrequent to give positive biomechanical and cardiometabolic stimuli. RESULTS: This paper presents the rationale, concept, development, application and prospects of the Goldilocks Principle for how productive work can be designed to promote health and physical capacity. CONCLUSIONS: We envision a great potential to promote health and physical capacity by designing productive work according to the Goldilocks Principle, thus leading to benefits with respect to the current challenges related to working life and occupational health for society, organizations and employees.

This article reflects on the situation of women in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, in the light of feminist approaches about the study of the relationship between productive work and female discomfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite extensive efforts, issues like obesity and poor physical capacity remain challenges for a healthy work life in several occupations. The Goldilocks work principle offers a new approach, encouraging design of productive work to promote physical capacity and health. This paper presents the protocol for the Goldilocks-childcare study, a randomised controlled intervention trial aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing the Goldilocks work principle in childcare. The primary aim of the intervention is to increase time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by having the childcare workers act as active role models for children in daily playful physical activities, and thereby improve cardiorespiratory fitness and health of the workers.Methods: The study is a cluster-randomised trial with a usual-practice wait-list control group. The 10-week intervention consists of two phases. In the first, the childcare workers will participate in two participatory workshops aiming to a) develop playful physical activities ('Goldilocks-games') for children in which childcare workers participate as active role models at MVPA intensity, and b) develop action plans for implementation of the Goldilocks-games in daily work routines. In the second phase, childcare institutions will implement the Goldilocks-games. The primary outcome is working time spent in MVPA, and secondary outcomes are cardiorespiratory fitness, sleeping heart rate, perceived need for recovery, and productivity. Primary outcome and process evaluation will be based on direct measurements of physical activity and heart rate, determination of cardiorespiratory fitness, and questionnaires.Discussion: If proven effective, the Goldilocks work principle has a large potential for promoting sustainable health and working lives of childcare workers.Trial Registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN15644757, Registered 25th December 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Antropología Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: This review addresses the effectiveness of workplace interventions that are implemented during productive work and are intended to change workers` SB and/or PA. METHODS: We searched Scopus for articles published from 1992 until 12 March 2015. Relevant studies were evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies and summarized in a best-evidence synthesis. Primary outcomes were SB and PA, both at work and overall (ie, during the whole day); work performance and health-related parameters were secondary outcomes. RESULTS: The review included 40 studies describing 41 interventions organized into three categories: alternative workstations (20), interventions promoting stair use (11), and personalized behavioral interventions (10). Alternative workstations were found to decrease overall SB (strong evidence; even for treadmills separately); interventions promoting stair use were found to increase PA at work while personalized behavioral interventions increased overall PA (both with moderate evidence). There was moderate evidence to show alternative workstations influenced neither hemodynamics nor cardiorespiratory fitness and personalized behavioral interventions did not influence anthropometric measures. Evidence was either insufficient or conflicting for intervention effects on work performance and lipid and metabolic profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests that some of the reviewed workplace interventions that are compatible with productive work indeed have positive effects on SB or PA at work. In addition, some of the interventions were found to influence overall SB or PA positively. Putative long-term effects remain to be established.

During disease outbreaks, women endure additional burdens associated with paid and unpaid work, often without consideration or the alleviation of other life responsibilities. This paper draws on the concept of the triple burden in theorizing the gender divisions in productive and reproductive work and community activities in the context of disaster. Events that include famine, war, natural disaster or disease outbreak are all well documented as increasing women’s vulnerability to a worsening of gendered burdens. In the case of the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, this is no different. Focussing on Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam and Australia, the four vignettes in this paper serve to highlight the intersections between Covid-19 and gendered burdens, particularly in frontline work, unpaid care work and community activities. While pre-disaster gender burdens are well established as strong, our analysis during the early months of the pandemic indicates that women’s burdens are escalating. We estimate that women will endure a worsening of their burdens until the pandemic is well under control, and for a long time after. Public policy and health efforts have not sufficiently acknowledged the issues concerned with the associations between gender and disease outbreaks.

Objective: This paper analyzes the meaning of working in Women with Productive Work (WPW) and Women with Reproductive Work (WRW) in Cali city, Colombia. To achieve this purpose, four dimensions proposed by the MOW (1987) were studied: centrality, social norm and work values, kind of work and work trajectories. Method: A qualitative research was carried out based on phenomenological design. Semi-structured interview guides. Six WPW and six WRW were chosen randomly with an age among 30 and 40 years. Results: It was found that the WPW present more centrality than the WRW; also, the WPW's rights are based on legal aspects, while WRW's rights are based on symbolic values associated to the recognition of their relatives. The duties of the WPW are focused on the specific function of their job's nature, meanwhile for the WRW their duties cover all daily tasks demanded from their household. Women with productive occupations have their work values highlighted by bigger incomes, more independency, flexible schedules and the prospect of occupying a directive position; as long as for the women with a reproductive occupation they are encouraged for getting a better income to supply their own necessities or the family's, as well as to rely on their respective partner's or family's support. Conclusion: Both groups have been permeated by a default genre perspective that empowers a sexual division of the work activities, such that it is taken for granted that women are responsible for all the household activities and reproductive work even when they are performing the same productive activities as their partners, whose participation in such household activities is usually regarded as a help or even a favor, not as a shared responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims at contributing to the debate and reflection, as from a critical perspective on the evolution and development of the tertiary or services sector in the capitalist system, recognizing the objective fact manifested in recent decades, increasing the share of this sector, both in developed and underdeveloped economies and in the valorization of capital and the reproduction of the system. It focuses on the behavior of the general aspects of the services sector; it is exemplified through tourism as an economic activity that is part of it, its development and meaning nowadays; the interesting controversy among some authors about the role of services and the classification of productive and non-productive work that develops in it stands out. Emphasis is placed on Marx's thought, where the scientific foundations that explain the productive character of this tertiary activity are found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nomadas (01217550) is the property of Universidad Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper develops a theoretical reinterpretation of Marx’s formulations Productive Work, aiming to better understand the work of teachers in higher education institutions considering the current stage of capitalism. In the context of the emergence of new industries, under the regime of globalization of financial predominance, the multiplication of forms of capital appreciation signals the strategic role of education and creates new mechanisms of exploitation of labor power. This new rationality makes the university constituent part of the service industry to modify the nature of teaching, taking it as part of the value chain and the scientific production of expropriation as an instrument of knowledge worker and its appropriation by capital.

Based on a study of migrated wives who arrived in the country through marriage and live with their Japanese husband, not in big Japanese cities but in farming or fishing villages, this article shows how the structural problems of Japanese society with regard to gender norms contribute to making foreign women more vulnerable due to the absence of any migration policy. It also reveals that the many studies exploring the strategies developed by foreign wives to gain recognition have indeed improved the image of female marriage migrants, but have also had the effect of downplaying the fact that these migrant wives must deal with structural gender inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Kavilando is the property of Kavilando and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Austral de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades, Intituto de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Austral de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: En el presente artículo se revisa la bibliografía reciente sobre los diferentes aspectos relacionados con las dificultades sociales y la atención sanitaria durante el proceso maternal, partiendo de la situación de la fecundidad en España y fuera de ella. Método: Se analiza la información actualizada, fundamentalmente de los últimos 5 años, extraída de diferentes fuentes oficiales, documentos técnicos y bibliografía científica. Resultados: Los cambios culturales, las dificultades de las mujeres para ubicarse en el mercado laboral, la escasa intervención de los poderes públicos en el sostenimiento familiar y las deficiencias del sistema sanitario en relación con la calidad asistencial en el embarazo, el parto y el posparto relegan la maternidad a un segundo plano. Conclusiones: El aumento de las tasas de fecundidad pasa por la transformación de diferentes aspectos sociales relacionados con la reestructuración de los trabajos productivo y reproductivo, el desarrollo de los servicios sociales, la potenciación de las ayudas institucionales y la revisión y mejora de las políticas de atención sanitaria.Objective: The present article reviews the recent literature on various issues related to maternity services and fertility in Spain and elsewhere. Method: Information obtained from several official sources, technical reports, and the scientific literature produced in the last 5 years were used. Results: Maternity is assigned insufficient importance due to cultural changes, women's difficulties in the labor market, inadequate public policies to support families, and deficiencies in the quality of pre- and postdelivery maternity care. Conclusions: Increased fertility rates may transform the organization of productive and reproductive work and the development of health and social services, and may stimulate improvement in institutional support.

El objetivo de este artículo es describir la evolución del trabajo reproductivo y analizar los factores relacionados con su reparto. Para ello, se han analizado los datos de las Encuestas sobre Usos del Tiempo (1993, 1996, 2001) del Instituto de la Mujer y las encuestas autonómicas de Andalucía, País Vasco, Madrid y la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona. En el período 1993-2001, en España los hombres aumentaron su dedicación al trabajo doméstico en un 35%, mientras que las mujeres la redujeron en casi un 5%. En 2001 la dedicación de las mujeres duplica la de los hombres (7,22 y 3,1 h diarias, respectivamente), aunque las diferencias son menores entre los más jóvenes. La formación del hogar y su aumento de tamaño incrementan las exigencias familiares a las mujeres, acentuándose las diferencias de género. No obstante, tener empleo y un mayor nivel de estudios o ingresos reduce la dedicación femenina y las diferencias de género. El trabajo reproductivo sigue siendo una responsabilidad eminentemente femenina, a pesar del aumento en la participación de los hombres. Los cambios legales, sociales y culturales de los últimos años no han conseguido eliminar el modelo tradicional de adscripción del trabajo reproductivo.The objective of this article is to describe the evolution of reproductive work and to analyse those factors related to its distribution. The analysis has been based on data from various Time-use Surveys (Women Institute 1993, 1996, 2001) as well as on data from different regional surveys: Andalusia, the Basque Country, Madrid and the metropolitan area of Barcelona. In the period 1993-2001, the amount of time devoted by men to housekeeping in Spain increased by 35% while women's time declined by 5%. Yet, in 2001 women's dedication to housekeeping was twice that of men's (7.2 vs 3.1 h daily). However, the imbalance in sharing of housework declined among younger people. Union formation and growing family size increase women's housework intensifying the uneven distribution of household chores. When women are employed and have higher educational and income levels, dedication to household tasks decreases and gender inequalities are reduced. In spite of growing male participation in housework, reproductive work is still mainly women's responsibility. The recent legal, social and cultural changes have not been able to eradicate the traditional model of assigning reproductive work in the home.

Operational performance of a small sawmill of the city of Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Sawmills are the most important wood industries in the Southern of the Espírito Santo State. The aim of this research was to analyze the operational performance of a small sawmill in Alegre, Espírito Santo state, Brazil, which process Eucalyptus sp. logs. The analysis was based on the study of lumber yield, operational efficiency and work delay ratio. The average lumber yield was 53.6% ranked as good for a small log hardwood sawmill, according to the literature. The average operational efficiency was 2.77 m³/worker/shift, and was ranked as low, even for small Brazilian sawmills, due to not classified logs, layout inadequacies, machinery bad conservation and low automation level. The average productive work was 69.6% and did not achieve the minimum rank of 75% suggested by the literature, because of the referred problems, and other ones. In general, for such sawmill the operational situation was considered poor, but it has potential to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early Childhood Education in India derives its premise from its sociocultural context. In spite of policies in place for developmentally and contextually appropriate Early Childhood Education, the practices are largely detrimental for this age group. The ray of hope, amidst such a scenario are a few initiatives, one such being the rural preschool “Poo-kal,” situated in a village near the town of silk weavers Kanchipuram, South India. The school’s vision is to provide children with contextual learning experiences through a developmentally appropriate curriculum. The curriculum is flexible and is built keeping in mind interests of the child. Learning is through group activities that promote sustained engagement and collaborative learning in children, which in turn fosters social skills. All learning material is locally available, and is provided by the school. Children engage in productive work which helps them foster creativity as well as a sense of pride in work. The curriculum also provides for quiet time and self-time to help children connect with their inner self. Yoga, traditional music, and art forms help children be connected with their cultural roots, promoting physical and emotional development alongside aesthetic sense. Teachers are engaged learners and act as facilitators. They are patient, kind, and firmly believe that every child is unique and has potential that need to be tapped with love and care. School activities also help foster and strengthen school–community linkages. The school aims for the all-round development of the child body, mind, and spirit by involving the head, heart, and hand in the process of learning. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The starting point for the article is a thesis by Bojana Kunst, saying that the work of a contemporary artist is, on the one hand, bound to the 'bizarre fantasies about creativity', on the other, it is 'becoming more and more labour and less and less creativity'. The relation between labour and creativity is examined in a historical perspective: through phenomena of autonomous artistic work, philosophical idealisation of creative 'genius' and emergence of copyright. The relation between productive and unproductive labour and growing tendencies toward 'productivisation' in culture and art are also considered. The article concludes that what is at work in (creative) work is a struggle against (creative) work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]