Search

Mariculture, a sustainable and rapidly growing aquaculture sub-sector, meets global seafood demand while reducing strain on wild fish stocks and continues to expand worldwide. However, rising feed and seed costs pose significant challenges, overshadowing other farming expenses. Climate change exacerbates the profitability of sea cage farming, increasing volatility. The surge in fishmeal costs has a detrimental impact on operational expenditure (Opex) and continues to be a threat. Consequently, sea cage farming in India is at a critical juncture, needing a balance between technological advancements and stakeholders' fiscal needs. In this context, this study examines peer-reviewed synthesized data by employing metrics to evaluate the implications of feed and seed costs in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) sea cage farming over a 10-year horizon. The total sales revenue over the 10-year period was US $100,848, with a net profit of US $55,198.89. A 30% increase in feed and seed prices significantly altered the economic dynamics of the enterprise, leading to an 8.8 and 9.2% rise in the respective break-even points. There was also a significant effect on the Benefit–Cost Ratio (BCR), with a 30% increase in each factor resulting in a 10 and 18% change in the projected BCR, respectively. Therefore, the significance of feed and seed cost has been established, necessitating an inevitable shift from low-value fish to formulated feed adaption for sustainable mariculture development. The study suggests improvements to existing practices to maximize efficiency and minimize production costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vineyards and wine industry are key pillars of the economy in the Douro Demarcated Region (DDR). However, the region’s diverse topography poses challenges, leading to high grape production costs. Additionally, ongoing difficulties in attracting labor threaten the sector's sustainability. Based on a multiple linear regression and survey data from 110 DDR farms, this study analyzed the impact of labor costs on farms with varying vineyard landscaping and grapevine training systems. Results indicate a clear relationship between certain landscaping and training practices and permanent labor costs. Traditional walled terraces, vertical planting, and cordon training systems incur the highest permanent labor expenses, while temporary labor costs remain minimal. Adopting less labor-intensive systems is a strategic priority for DDR winegrowers, with significant effects across the wine value chain. To enhance the sector’s sustainability, future policies should prioritize systems that are well-adapted to local conditions and economically viable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the context of mechanized timber harvesting, alterations in technical parameters, such as skidding distance and terrain slope, have the potential to influence the productivity and production costs associated with the self-propelled grapple skidder. Furthermore, these variables are inherently uncertain, which could potentially cause forest managers to make inaccurate decisions. The objective was to analyze whether four skidding distances and two slope classes influence the productivity and production costs of the grapple skidder in Eucalyptus planted forests from a stochastic perspective using the Monte Carlo method. Methods: Productivity was estimated using the time study protocol. To calculate the cost per scheduled hour of the grapple skidder, both fixed and variable costs were considered, and subsequently, the production cost was determined. Results: The mean productivity of the grapple skidder on flat slopes was 114.35 m3 h−1, while on wavy to strong wavy slopes it was 80.43 m3 h−1. In flat slopes, considering all skid distance ranges, the mean production cost was 0.82 USD m−3, while in wavy to strong wavy slopes it was 1.48 USD m−3. The mean values for operator labor costs and fuel account for 58.1% of the cost per scheduled hour of the grapple skidder. Conclusions: The mean productivity of the grapple skidder in Eucalyptus planted forests decreased with increasing skidding distance in both slope classes but was 29.7% lower on wavy to strong wavy slopes compared to flat slopes. The mean production cost of the grapple skidder during timber skidding on flat slopes is 80.0% lower than on wavy to strong wavy slopes. For future investigations, the impact of other slope classes, skid distances, and silvicultural aspects on productivity and production costs can be considered from a stochastic perspective using the Monte Carlo method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pastures are essential for sustaining dairy production, particularly in temperate climates where year-round grazing is feasible. However, comprehensive analyses of their productivity, efficiency, and cost evaluation remain uncommon. This study evaluated the productivity, quality, nitrogen fertilization use efficiency, and production costs of Lolium multiflorum Lam pasture on a farm in São Miguel Island. The research compared conventional nitrogen fertilizer with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer at application rates of 320 and 160 kg N ha−1, alongside a control treatment. A Latin square design with five treatments was employed to assess both agronomic and economic performance. The results showed that the type of fertilizer did not significantly influence productivity or quality, while nitrogen levels had a notable impact. Higher nitrogen doses increased dry matter yield and crude protein content. Fiber characteristics remained relatively stable, though neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber levels tended to rise with increased nitrogen application. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency consistently exceeded 70%, regardless of the fertilizer type or application rate. Regarding production costs, conventional fertilizer was significantly more cost-effective than slow-release fertilizer, underscoring the importance of selecting economically viable options without compromising agronomic performance in forage production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Car trailers are quite a popular means of transport and are offered in many versions, from single axle light trailers with a maximum permissible weight of 750 kg, through two- or more-axle specialized trailers. The issues of research car trailers focus on two directions: testing the driving properties and analysing the strength of the supporting frame system. Issues related to the construction of light trailers are often common to trailers used in agriculture or general transport. In this article, based on a mass-produced car trailer, an analysis was carried out regarding the choice in the technology of making the supporting structure consisting of a lower frame and an upper frame. The term upper frame should be understood as the structure on which the lifted load box rests. The costs of materials, assembly and technological possibilities of small-scale production were taken into account. In addition, strength analyses of the numerical models were carried out for critical areas of the frame during operation. After considering the unit costs for each of the analysed assembly technologies, it was shown that riveting would be the cheapest. However, the most suitable method of assembly is welding, as it allows the use of standard profiles.

In this article, we propose a new approach to estimating health-care demand. The aim of this paper is to determine the production costs of health care from the demand function of care. To do this, we used an approach based on structural equations where consumption and demand are estimated to capture the dynamics of health costs within a self-managed public hospital. Following this approach, based on the equilibrium between supply and demand of health care, we used the social and professional characteristics of beneficiary to estimate the demand function, which will approximate the cost of health care. The results showed that the demand for care is largely dependent on economic, demographic, and perception factors. Also, the back testing and corroboration tests of the predictions affirm that the functions developed will allow a better cost forecast for the hospital unit, able to propose a budgetary and partial cost approach in the future. Some limitations can be mentioned in connection with the accessibility to accounting data and also the ignorance of time dimension or dynamic evolution of cost demand.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Basically, every company must be competing to increase its net profit, the problem that often occurs now is that many companies have not been able to increase their net profit, so that the company suffers losses because the company is unable to compete with other companies. Net profit is very much needed by companies so that investors can see whether the company is experiencing profits or losses. The purpose of this study was made to determine the Effect of Operational Costs, Production Costs, Sales and Cost of Goods Sold on Net Profit in Farnasi Subsector Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016- 2023 Period. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with a verifiable descriptive approach. The results obtained that the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the Net Profit variable in the table show that the minimum value of Net Profit at Manufacturing Companies in the Pharmaceutical Subsector during the period 2016 – 2023 is 5.146 billion incurred in the company PT Pyridam Farma (PYFA) in 2021. The maximum value of Net Profit in Manufacturing Companies in the Pharmaceutical Subsector during the period was Rp. 3,450,083 trillion achieved by PT Kalbe Farma (KALBE) in 2022. Average Net Profit in Manufacturing Companies in the Pharmaceutical Subsector during the period was Rp. 811,264.03 billion and Standard Deviation 1,175,988.14. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased interest in marine fish farming in the United States has led to a need for fundamental economic information on production of candidate species for commercialization in various production systems. Funding for the project targeted those species with potential for production in southern tier states in the United States. Sufficient technical data were found to develop comprehensive budget analyses to estimate growout production costs for four scales of production for each of 10 species with potential for production in ponds, 13 in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), and five in net pens. The choice of species/production system scenarios was based on evidence of successful production on farms or in research. Estimation of production costs with enterprise budgets can provide useful guidance to identify the types of improved efficiencies that have the greatest effect on economic viability even when commercial farm data are not available. Commercial farm data were used where available, but for most species, data were available only from studies conducted under research conditions. Per‐kg costs of production were lowest for net pen production, followed by ponds, with production costs in RAS two to five times greater than in ponds or net pens. Ponds and net pens generally exhibited greater efficiency of use of capital assets across species than did RAS that resulted in lower percentages of fixed costs and lower annual costs per kg of fish produced. All five species evaluated for net pen production were estimated to be profitable, including redfish, Sciaenops ocellatus (also known as red drum), striped bass, Morone saxatilis, cobia, Rachycentron canadum, red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, and seriolids (generic budget for almaco jack, Seriola rivoliana, California yellowtail, Seriola lalandi, and greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili), four in ponds (redfish, hybrid drum, ♀Pogonias cromis × ♂Sciaenops ocellatus, black sea bass, Centropristis striata, and cobia), but none of the RAS scenarios showed profitability at average yields (kg/cubic meter) reported in the literature. Comprehensive data on growout production of marine finfish species in the United States is generally lacking, and there is a strong need for production trials conducted under near‐commercial conditions with an endpoint of market‐sized fish. Production trials should be conducted in ponds (≥0.1 ha), net pens, and RAS tanks of a size that simulate commercial production conditions. Adequate production trial databases would provide opportunities to develop economic optimization models that would provide useful guidance for prospective producers. Average yields (kg/cubic meter) in RAS will need to be much greater than currently reported in the research literature for RAS production to be economically sustainable. Net pen production appears to be profitable in the United States, but effective permitting procedures are not in place. Providing research support for the US redfish sector that has developed effective production and marketing models could serve as a foundation for developing additional species and offer opportunities for diversification on marine finfish farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruits are one of the main components of a healthy diet. They have many benefits and are recommended for regular consumption as part of a varied healthy diet. However, they are seasonal fruits, some need to be processed to ensure more extended storage and consumption throughout the year. The research aims to analyse the economic indicators of three apple cultivars (Golden Delicious, Florina and Freedom) dried by four methods (sun-died, shade-dried, dehydration, lyophilization). The methodological framework of the study includes: (1) Theoretical overview of apple drying methods; (2) Analysis of the economic indicators of apple drying – gross output, production and additional costs, net income, and rate of return; (3) Determining the benefits and drawbacks of drying apple products. It was found that the drying methods – sun-dried, shade-dried, and lyophilization–have a higher rate of profitability, while dehydration has a lower rate. The lyophilization method is the most profitable for production with Florina, followed by Freedom and Golden Delicious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaculture is an activity aimed at producing and fattening organisms under controlled conditions of species developed in the aquatic environment, with biofloc technology being a viable alternative, taking advantage of organic and inorganic waste through heterotrophic microorganisms present in the water and making better use of water resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp) reared in a biofloc technology (TBF) system, using a descriptive non-experimental design employing a total of 5000 fingerlings with an average initial size of 1.5 cm and weight of 0.6 g, constantly monitoring physicochemical parameters (pH, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, sedimentation, dissolved oxygen, and temperature). Aspects such as weight gain (WG), Total feed intake (TF), Daily intake (DA), Feed conversion factor (FCR) were measured. The results showed that the physicochemical parameters of the water in this system are within the recommended ranges for tilapia culture. It was observed that in some weeks during the growth of the fish there was a low feed conversion ratio with values of 0.33, 0.35, 0.53, 0.67, 0.79, 0.91, 0.99, thus influencing the reduction of production costs, taking into account that the closer the FCA is to zero the greater the efficiency of feed use, so in this case the implementation of the system was not optimal (by volume of production) because there was not a low index throughout the growing season, generating profitability problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Informe Gepec is the property of Informe Gepec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Car trailers are quite a popular means of transport and are offered in many versions, from single axle light trailers with a maximum permissible weight of 750 kg, through two- or more-axle specialized trailers. The issues of research car trailers focus on two directions: testing the driving properties and analysing the strength of the supporting frame system. Issues related to the construction of light trailers are often common to trailers used in agriculture or general transport. In this article, based on a mass-produced car trailer, an analysis was carried out regarding the choice in the technology of making the supporting structure consisting of a lower frame and an upper frame. The term upper frame should be understood as the structure on which the lifted load box rests. The costs of materials, assembly and technological possibilities of small-scale production were taken into account. In addition, strength analyses of the numerical models were carried out for critical areas of the frame during operation. After considering the unit costs for each of the analysed assembly technologies, it was shown that riveting would be the cheapest. However, the most suitable method of assembly is welding, as it allows the use of standard profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative advantage of grazing in the competitiveness of the small-scale sheep production system in Singuilucan, Hidalgo, Mexico. For this purpose, data from 51 production units were analyzed, chosen from a simple random sampling. The information was obtained through an interview with 120 questions, organized into technical variables, economic aspects and social aspects of the producer. The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was used to analyze the impact of grazing on competitiveness, in two scenarios: in the first, the low cost structure was studied under the traditional form of production, which uses grazing as feeding basis; while in the second, the cost was simulated by counting the purchase of feed, as well as hiring workforce. The results revealed that grazing as a feeding basis (real scenario), instead of commercial feed (simulated scenario), increases the profitability of the sheep system in 53%, which translates into a cost reduction (32%) and an increase in the utility of $10,830 (ten thousand eight hundred thirty pesos per farm) for each productive cycle of four months. The high dependency on grazing and family workforce observed in the simulated scenario indicate that the small-scale sheep production in Singuilucan could be vulnerable, if the micro-regional advantages that these factors contribute were to be lost, which would translate into a competitive reduction of approximately 62%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from the DPUPR of Sragen district, the price of Merapi sand in 2020 is IDR 1,590,000 then in 2021 the price of Merapi sand is IDR 1,680,000. The increase in the material price of Merapi sand in Sragen Regency has forced the brick maker UD. Cerah, whose address is in Dayu village, Jurang Jero sub-district, Karangmalang subdistrict, Sragen district, is again racking her brains to set a selling price for the bricks to avoid losses. The making of the brick itself cannot be separated from the costs incurred for purchasing raw materials, purchasing equipment for making bricks, and labor costs. So with the high price of Merapi sand material, it requires that the brick maker, UD. Sunny innovates by replacing the cheaper sand material. In this study using experimental methods for making bricks, using the full costing method for calculating production costs and using the depreciation method to obtain the annual depreciation load for brick machines. Based on research on the characteristics of fine aggregate river sand from Ngipang village, Gawan subdistrict, Tanon sub-district, Sragen district, the results of testing for silt content, testing for organic matter content, testing for specific gravity and water absorption, gradation testing met the requirements while testing for saturated surface dry (SSD) did not meet the requirements. Then research on the characteristics of fine aggregate from coal waste (bottom ash) obtained the results of testing for mud content, testing for organic matter content, testing for gradation that met the requirements while testing for specific gravity and water absorption, testing for saturated surface dry (SSD) did not meet the requirements. Based on the research on the compressive strength test of the bricks, it was found that the compressive strength of the bricks from river sand, Ngipang village, Gawan sub-district, Tanon sub-district, Sragen district was greater than the compressive strength of the bricks from coal waste (bottom ash), the maximum average compressive strength value of bricks from river sand in the village Ngiang, Gawan sub-district, Tanon sub-district, Sragen district obtained a value of 6.51 MPa on the 1PC: 5PS FAS mixture variation of 0.5, while the maximum compressive strength value of bricks made from coal waste (bottom ash) obtained a value of 5.10 MPa on the variation mix 1PC: 5BA FAS 0.6. Based on research on the production costs of making bricks, it was found that the production costs of making 1 m3 of river sand bricks in Ngipang village, Gawan sub-district, Tanon sub-district, Sragen district were greater than the production costs of making 1 m3 of coal waste (bottom ash) bricks, the production costs of 1 m3 river sand bricks in Ngipang village, village Gawan, Tanon sub-district, Sragen district, the highest is in the mix variation of 1PC: 5PS FAS 0.6 with the production cost of IDR 962,237.49, while the largest 1 m3 coal waste (bottom ash) brick production cost is in the 1PC mix variation: 5BA FAS 0.6 with a production cost of IDR 659,285.51. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As lithium-ion batteries increasingly become a cornerstone of the automotive sector, the importance of efficient and cost-effective battery production has become paramount. Even though electric vehicle battery cells are produced in three different geometries—cylindrical, prismatic, and pouch—no specific model exists to compare the manufacturing costs of producing cells with different geometries but similar performances. In this paper, we present a process-based cost model with a cell design functionality which enables design and manufacturing cost prediction of user-defined battery cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The livestock sub-sector, an integral part of the agricultural sector, is the animal protein producing sub-sector which plays an important role in meeting people's nutritional needs. The development of the laying hen farming business has enormous potential, this is because purebred chicken eggs contribute quite a lot to animal protein self-sufficiency. The research aims to analyze the input factors of the production that affect the production of layer farming businesses and to assess the production elasticity of these businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Blitar District. Data collection took place between July and August 2020 in the Blitar Distrcit. Utilizing a sample random sampling method. The study involved 64 farmers as representative. The research variables used in this study were the population of laying hens, the price of chicken eggs, feed costs, vaccines and medicines expenses, seed prices, mortality, electricity costs, the price of culled chickens, Hen Day Production (HDP) and the number of workers. Quantitative analysis was employed to analyze production costs, revenues, and income, while qualitative analysis was used to analyze production elasticity through Cobb-Douglas regression analysis. The research data were processed using SPSS version 24. The results of the study indicate that 1) the population of laying hens and HDP significantly affected the production of layer farming businesses, along with the cost of vaccines and medications in the Blitar District. 2) The population of layers, mortality rates, electricity costs, HDP, and total labor demonstrated elasticity with respect to the production of layer farms. Conversely, egg prices, feed costs, vaccination and medication expenses, day-old chick (DOC) costs, and final chicken prices exhibited inelasticity concerning the production of layer farms in Blitar district.

In politics and society, organic farming is widely seen as the ideal way to address the many challenges facing agriculture and food security. In order to examine the extent to which this view is realistic, the impact of organic and conventional farming is compared on the basis of relevant criteria such as land requirements, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity, food quality, production and environmental costs, reduced meat consumption, the need for agricultural imports and the global expansion of arable land. Land is considered to be a central factor. Such a comprehensive analysis is necessary to assess the impact of different influencing factors and to provide important suggestions for targeted decision making. Although organic farming has a positive impact on land use in many ways, it quickly reaches its limits. The low yields and high production costs resulting from the limited choice of means of production make organic farming an unsuitable model for the future in a world with limited arable land, a high and growing demand for food, and low incomes for large sections of the population. It can, however, provide significant impetus and contribute important technological knowledge for the further development of agriculture as a whole to meet the complex objectives of sustainability, greenhouse gas mitigation, biodiversity and global food security by incorporating all available technologies. Based on this, a model for responsible, sustainable intensive agriculture is outlined and proposals for an eco-social framework to support this model are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to effectively improve the production efficiency of assembled channels, accelerate the mold turnover and reduce the production costs. Based on the limited number of steam curing rooms in the assembled channel production line, an optimized production scheduling model of assembled channels with minimum production cycle as the goal was established, and an improved genetic algorithm was designed to solve the model. Taking the channel production line of Xinjiang Shihezi Jintudi Cement Products Factory as an example, the feasibility of the production model was verified, and the stability and effectiveness of the improved genetic algorithm are verified by comparing the traditional sequential production scheduling with the optimized production scheduling with the improved genetic algorithm. The results show that the optimized production scheduling of assembled channels based on the improved genetic algorithm can effectively reduce the production cycle of assembled channels, improve the production efficiency, to achieve the purpose of reducing the production costs and improving the core competitiveness of the enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among all technologies applied in three-dimensional printing (3DP), fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most developing one because it is capable of producing parts with geometrically complex figures. Despite its wide applications, there are some drawbacks to its extension, for instance, weak mechanical characteristics and low dimensional accuracy. In this paper, the influence of four FDM process parameters (layer height, printing speed, infill density, and the number of top and bottom layers) on four criteria (impact strength, dimensional accuracy, consumed raw material, and production time) of polylactic acid (PLA) parts is studied. Unlike previous research, this research not only optimizes the properties of produced parts but also minimizes production costs. First, each criterion is analyzed singly; then, in an investigation, all criteria are combined and optimized simultaneously. In other words, a comprehensive decision is made considering both products' qualities and the production costs. The applied methodology for multi-criterion decision-making in this research is also usable in other fields of industry. With the help of this methodology, the best selection of process parameters' levels is attainable. According to the results, layer height = 0.3 mm, number of top and bottom layers = 2, infill density = 60% and print speed = 45.28 mm/s are the best choice while considering all four criteria. Layer height is found the most effective parameter. An increase in layer height leads to a stronger part with a shorter production time but a heavier one with less dimensional accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The management and improvement of yam productivity are associated with a good supply of essential nutrients for the growth and development of the crop that has economic viability. This research aimed to evaluate the economic feasibility of foliar fertilization with Zintrac® in two yam agricultural seasons (2022/2023 and 2023/2024). Therefore, two experiments were conducted at the Rafael Fernandes Experimental Farm, Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design was in a Latin square design with five treatments of doses of Zintrac® (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 L ha−1) and five replications. Among the production costs of yams, labor and seed acquisition were the most significant. The highest profitability index was achieved with the dose of 1L Zintrac® ha−1 in the first season and second season, which corresponded to 78.97 and 57.86%. For the first season, increments were observed in all treatments that received zinc doses with increases of 48.70, 31.22, 14.30, and 15.93% for 1, 2, 3, and 4 L of Zintrac® ha−1 compared to the dose of 0 L ha−1. On the other hand, in the second season, there was an increase only in the dose of 1 L ha−1 of Zintrac®, which corresponded to 51.3% in the net yield (ha−1) of the dose of 0 L ha−1. Therefore, foliar zinc oxide fertilization was economically viable for the yam crop, obtaining higher economic indices at the dose of 1 L ha−1. The highest cost for growing yams is using a dose of 4 L ha−1 of Zintrac®, totaling USD 6977.59 (first season) and USD 6868.33 (second season) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article defines the key aspects of ensuring and diagnosing the sustainable development of agrarian innovation-oriented enterprises by means of logistics management. Attention is focused on the importance of improving logistics management, which plays an important role in ensuring the efficient movement of agricultural products from the producer to the consumer. It was determined that effective logistics management is able to ensure the sustainable development of agrarian innovation-oriented enterprises, which, due to the specificity of their activities, are particularly risky on the market. Diagnostics of the sustainable development of agrarian innovation-oriented enterprises by means of logistics management is proposed to be carried out by the method of transport linear programming. This method was tested on the example of the activity of four innovatively oriented agricultural enterprises: SE "DG Stepne" of Poltava district, PE "name Kalashnyk" of Poltava district, LLC "Agrofirma "Zorya-Agro" of Myrhorod district and LLC "Promin-privat" of Myrhorod district. The obtained results allow any enterprise using linear programming tools to model the strategy of sustainable development of agrarian innovation-oriented enterprises by means of logistics management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was the analysis of the main factors involved in the profitability of bread wheat in the states of Guanajuato and Nuevo León, Mexico. To obtain the information, semi-structured interviews were applied to key informants who indicated the context of the crop in their region. In order to estimate profitability, production performance and costs production were determined. The production cost information, for the two Mexican states, was obtained through the producer panels methodology in 2019. Producers were asked about the costs expended in land preparation, cultivation inputs, harvest and others such as water, electricity and financial rights. In addition, wheat yields and the price received per ton sold at the market. It was noticed that Nuevo León and Guanajuato have an agro-industrial infrastructure that demands Mexican wheat. In each state, the profitability of the crop depends on a number of factors such as the planting system and the production technology used; but in all the places studied, bread wheat had positive profitability. However, there are high production costs and a continuous deterioration of the real prices of the product. It is necessary to develop soft wheat varieties that adapt to rainfall conditions for agricultural regions where wheat cultivation is under those conditions. Although Mexico is self-sufficient in the production of flour, each year it is necessary to import an additional volume of bread-making wheat since Mexican industry is deficient facing the high demand for bread production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each year, cattle producers must decide what to do with new calves. There are two options for the females: sell them as weaned heifers or keep them to raise as replacements to build the herd. There are benefits to both. Raising replacement heifers can be costly, so selling calves can seem like the most economical option if the producer is considering only short-term revenues. However, the lowered biosecurity risks (because outside cattle are not introduced to the herd) as well as the opportunity to build and enhance herd genetics can make raising heifers as replacements the more economical choice long term. The decision must be made again each year based on the cattle market and short- and long-term goals of the operation. To help producers decide, this publications describes and explains the Replacement Heifer Calculator, a free cost estimation tool cattle producers may use to aid in achieving their herd goals.

Abstract Increased interest in marine fish farming in the United States has led to a need for fundamental economic information on production of candidate species for commercialization in various production systems. Funding for the project targeted those species with potential for production in southern tier states in the United States. Sufficient technical data were found to develop comprehensive budget analyses to estimate growout production costs for four scales of production for each of 10 species with potential for production in ponds, 13 in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), and five in net pens. The choice of species/production system scenarios was based on evidence of successful production on farms or in research. Estimation of production costs with enterprise budgets can provide useful guidance to identify the types of improved efficiencies that have the greatest effect on economic viability even when commercial farm data are not available. Commercial farm data were used where available, but for most species, data were available only from studies conducted under research conditions. Per‐kg costs of production were lowest for net pen production, followed by ponds, with production costs in RAS two to five times greater than in ponds or net pens. Ponds and net pens generally exhibited greater efficiency of use of capital assets across species than did RAS that resulted in lower percentages of fixed costs and lower annual costs per kg of fish produced. All five species evaluated for net pen production were estimated to be profitable, including redfish, Sciaenops ocellatus (also known as red drum), striped bass, Morone saxatilis, cobia, Rachycentron canadum, red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, and seriolids (generic budget for almaco jack, Seriola rivoliana, California yellowtail, Seriola lalandi, and greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili), four in ponds (redfish, hybrid drum, ♀Pogonias cromis × ♂Sciaenops ocellatus, black sea bass, Centropristis striata, and cobia), but none of the RAS scenarios showed profitability at average yields (kg/cubic meter) reported in the literature. Comprehensive data on growout production of marine finfish species in the United States is generally lacking, and there is a strong need for production trials conducted under near‐commercial conditions with an endpoint of market‐sized fish. Production trials should be conducted in ponds (≥0.1 ha), net pens, and RAS tanks of a size that simulate commercial production conditions. Adequate production trial databases would provide opportunities to develop economic optimization models that would provide useful guidance for prospective producers. Average yields (kg/cubic meter) in RAS will need to be much greater than currently reported in the research literature for RAS production to be economically sustainable. Net pen production appears to be profitable in the United States, but effective permitting procedures are not in place. Providing research support for the US redfish sector that has developed effective production and marketing models could serve as a foundation for developing additional species and offer opportunities for diversification on marine finfish farms.

Egypt Navel orange planted area reached about 174.6 thousand acres during the average period of 2012-2020. Delta governorates is the major orange’s productive region in Egypt with 97.4% of the total production of the country. 87.2% of orange’s planted area came from only five Delta governorates. The top planted area governorates are El Behera with an acreage area representing about (41.3%), followed by Qalyoubia (16.7%), Ismailia (11.1%), Menufia (9.54%) and Sharqiya (8.52%) of total planted areas during the period 2012-2020. El-Behera is the major Navel orange’s productive governorate in Egypt with (43.9%) of Egyptian total production of Navel orange, followed by Qalyoubia (18.8%), Menufia (9.2%), Ismailia (8.3) and Sharqiya (7.7%) of Navel orange total production during the period 2012-2020. In recent years, small scale farmers have experienced technical, environmental and economic problems. This study will shade light on the economic problems because fruit prices have come to a standstill or even decreased while the production costs have risen continuously. The present study depends on data collected from the private small farm planted with Washington Navel orange trees [Citrus sinensis L.(Osbeck)] since 1968, which is located in Minyat as Siba, Benha-Qalyoubia governorate, Egypt. The result shows that the average values of fertilizers, pests and diseases account for a large proportion of the total costs, representing about 42.57% and 26.47% respectively from the total production costs during 2012-2022. Prices received for Navel oranges fluctuate markedly from year to year. This combined with fluctuations in yields. Over the period 2012 to 2022 farm gate prices of Navel orange averaged 2905 Egyptian pound (LE) per ton, with the minimum of LE 1750 per ton in 2012 and the maximum of LE 4000 per ton in the 2019, 2020 and 2021.

This research aims to determine the influence of production costs and operational costs on net profit in manufacturing companies listed on the Jakarta Islamix Index (JII) for the 2018-2022 period by classifying sharia stock index companies that operate in the consumption sector. Quantitative research methods are descriptive and verification approaches that describe a variable based on quantitative data analysis with statistical procedures to test a research data hypothesis. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis. Hypothesis tests used include the T test, F test, and coefficient of determination. And data processing is assisted with the E Views for Windows Version 12.00 device. The samples studied were 7 manufacturing companies at JII in the last 5 years (2018-2022). The research results are based on an analysis of manufacturing companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) in 2018 - 2022. Production costs (X1) partially have no significant negative effect on Net Profit (Y) and operational costs (X2) partially have a significant positive effect on Net Profit (Y). Production costs (X1) and operational costs (X2) simultaneously do not have a significant effect on Net Profit (Y). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Global Journal of Economics & Business is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prometeo Conocimiento Científico is the property of Puerto Madero Editorial Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Planting with higher density in sugarcane is one of the practices used to overcome low productivity. However, this planting material is equivalent to 25% of the total cost of production, being one of the main expenses for cultivation. In this sense, the present work aims to evaluate the productivity and economic viability of sugarcane as a function of planting density. The experiment was carried out at Usina Monte Alegre in the municipality of Mamanguape, Paraíba, Brazil, from March 2021 to January 2022 with the variety RB92579. Seven planting density were studied: T1: 7 gems m-1, T2: 10 gems m-1, T3: 12 gems m-1, T4: 11 gems m-1, T5: 15 gems m-1, T6: 17 gems m-1, T7: 24 gems m-1, in randomized blocks with four replications. Growth, productivity and economic viability were evaluated. The highest productivity of cane and sugar, 77.69 ton ha-1 and 10.390 ton ha-1, respectively, was with planting density of 17 and 24 gems-1. While the minimum productivity of cane (61.313 ton ha-1) and sugar (7.924 ton ha-1) was recorded at sowing density of 7 and 11 gems-1. However, cultivation density with 7 and 10 gems m-1 were the ones that provided the highest profitability around 50%, followed by density of 12, 15 and 17 gems m-1 with an average of 45% profit and 11 and 24 gems m-1 with the lowest proportion of profit on average 38%. The cultivation with 17 gems m-1 of cane provides in cane-plant, variety RB92579, greater productivity with a profit rate of 45%, being the most suitable.

As lithium-ion batteries increasingly become a cornerstone of the automotive sector, the importance of efficient and cost-effective battery production has become paramount. Even though electric vehicle battery cells are produced in three different geometries—cylindrical, prismatic, and pouch—no specific model exists to compare the manufacturing costs of producing cells with different geometries but similar performances. In this paper, we present a process-based cost model with a cell design functionality which enables design and manufacturing cost prediction of user-defined battery cells.

It is known that one and the same corn plant material can be used to produce silage, cornage, milled grain, or grain for fodder. Each of them contains completely different amounts of nutrients and a wide range of gross yield of fodder units. The results of the research show the direct dependence of the choice of corn use on zonal features of the soil cover and the existing level of chemicalization of agricultural formations of the Republic of Tatarstan, which are considered in detail in this paper. Thus, in order to produce the ploughed grain or corn with the gross harvest of fodder units 7.94–8.82 t/ha and profitability of 78.7% on leached chernozems, which account for 38% of soils of the Republic of Tatarstan, it is recommended to cultivate corn using the complex application of agromeliorants and calculated norms of mineral fertilizers. Liming of acidic dark gray and gray forest soils with phosphorite and zeolite application in combination with NPK provides increase in gross harvest of fodder units of corn silage from 4.22 to 6.13 and 3.34 to 5.86 t/ha respectively. The high efficiency of agrochemicals application on corn crops and forage harvesting of different types of fodder taking into account zonal features of soil cover of the Republic of Tatarstan is also confirmed by economic indicators. The profitability of production of rolled grain reaches the maximum value (78.8%) in the variant with liming and phosphating of leached chernozem combined with the application of mineral fertilizers in rates calculated for obtaining the planned 35 t/ha of green mass. At the same time, on dark gray and gray forest soils as the yield of green mass increases under the influence of agromeliorants the total costs of silage production increases by 13.1 and 16.5 thousand rubles/ha compared with the control variants of the experiment (without agrochemicals). However, the costs of production of 1 000 fodder units are reduced to 9.9 and 10.4 thousand rubles respectively, provided that the sale price is about14 thousand rubles.

Corporate Social responsibilities (CSR) is an established idea that urges corporations to incorporate environmental and social responsibilities into their operations. It enables businesses to be socially responsible to stakeholders and the public. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have received international recognition for their contributions to social and economic development. This study investigates the impact of CSR on financial performance at a medium-sized clothing manufacturing company in the eThekwini District Municipality of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. The study was designed to be conclusive. It employs a quantitative approach, examining the experiences of an organization that has implemented CSR. The study's objective was met by gathering pre- and post-quarterly data on profitability and production costs. The data was analysed using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings show that CSR can boost financial performance by minimising business-related risks and compliance expenses, which leads to increased profitability and lower production costs. Any rise in profitability boosts the organization's financial performance, while any drop in production costs improves the company's financial performance. This study identifies the strengths and weaknesses of CSR in relation to financial performance in the selected medium-sized manufacturing business in South Africa.

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The transformation toward sustainable energy systems requires substantial amounts of H2 and PtX derivatives to mitigate severe consequences of climate change. Renewable energy will be the primary energy source in the future which will dictate the integration and energy efficiency of processes in various aspects of the industry. Herein, major PtX vectors are discussed, namely, methanol, ammonia, and sustainable aviation fuels. These products currently represent around 4% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The theoretical minimum feedstock of H2, CO2, and N2 required for these products is evaluated under ideal process conditions. Based on this simplified strategy, the lowest production costs and the highest theoretical energy efficiency achievable are evaluated. As a potential analysis, setting the boundaries can be technologically realized. A comparison with fossil‐based counterparts PtX is introduced, reflecting the need for a reasonable CO2 certification system and effective mechanisms to allow the successful market penetration of PtX vectors. The scale of production to cover the market demand of the addressed PtX vectors, in terms of electrolyzer capacity, is discussed. The verdict reflects the need to ramp up renewable power generation and electrolyzer capacities for a sustainable transition of the considered sectors based on PtX derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research was to determine the costs and profitability of traditional and innovative potatoes cultivation in Poland. The experimental field trials of selected potato varieties in various variants were carried out between 2021 and 2022. The applied variants of experiments included potatoes cultivation according to traditional and innovative methods, i.e. in commercial conditions (high intensity of inputs and costs, including fertilization with mineral fertilizers and synthetic plant protection products) and in the absence of fertilization and plant protection, or only with the use of interaction with beneficial microorganisms. For economic calculations, there were applied methods of profitability of potatoes production for the evaluation of various production variants, calculation of production costs and assessment of production profit. The research material consisted of the results of field experiments carried out as part of the international PotatoMETAbiome project for 11 potato varieties and six variants of the experiment in fields located in the north of Poland. Based on the research, it was found that the average potatoes production costs in 2021 and 2022 decreased for traditional variants and increased for innovative variants. In 2021, the lowest production costs were for the variant without fertilization and plant protection products and innovative variants. In turn, in 2022, the lowest production costs were for traditional variants, i.e., with fertilization and protection, and without fertilization with protection, as well as with fertilization and without chemical protection, and without fertilization and without chemical protection. In all years under consideration and for all variants, potatoes cultivation was profitable. The potatoes production profitability ratios during the years under analysis decreased for innovative variants, while they increased for variants with intensive production. It was found that an innovative strategy of potatoes production with the use of beneficial microorganisms may be an economically justified alternative to changing production, market, and political conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Organic plant production systems that favor crop diversity tend to harbor a varied fauna involved in biological processes, reducing external inputs. Even so they may depend on animal fertilizer not available locally. This makes fertilization with only plant sources a promising alternative, but the economic-environmental return must be evaluated. The objective was to evaluate the economic viability of an organic production system of different vegetables, using strictly plant-derived fertilizers, with its profitability estimated by commercialization in the organic, conventional and local markets, and to characterize the beneficial entomofauna of this system. The study was carried out at the Intensive Vegetable Cultivation Module (MCOIH), Seropédica (RJ). The economic viability of the MCOIH was determined by the cost-benefit ratio, and the system being was monetarily viable if RB/C>1. The beneficial entomofauna was determined by capturing adult insects at georeferenced points. The highest net revenue was obtained when the vegetables were sold in the organic market. Labor and irrigation were more expensive among variable costs and fixed costs, respectively. The MCOIH harbored an entomofauna represented by 13 families that gather entomophagous insects and two families of decomposer insects. The entomophages were mostly represented by the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) and Dolichopodidae (Diptera) families (21.06% and 65.12%, respectively). The decomposers belonged to Micropezidae and Stratiomyidae (Diptera). It is concluded that MCOIH is not viable only when the vegetables are commercialized in the conventional market and their agroecological management allows to conserve a functional beneficial fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of high grain production costs, which is not conducive to sustainable agricultural development and food security, is highlighted in the context of China's "large country and small household farmers". Reducing the grain production costs through factor allocation and organizational drive has become particularly important. Based on 768-grain peasant households in China, this paper uses OLS regression and robust regression to examine the effects of agricultural factor inputs and cooperatives on grain production costs. It analyzes the synergistic and substitution effects between farmers' factor inputs and cooperatives in grain production. It was found that: (1) in farmers' grain production, reductions in the grain production costs can be realized by expanding the area under cultivation, improving the use of agricultural machinery, and increasing technological inputs; (2) a reduction in the grain production costs can also be realized through cooperatives driving farmers into grain production; (3) cooperatives can provide farmers with various types of agricultural production services in grain production and cooperative-driven substitution effects between the agricultural factor inputs of farm households. The findings of this paper contribute to the enrichment of research in the field of agricultural production and are important for enhancing agricultural sustainability and reducing grain production costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture, entwined with climatic conditions, plays a pivotal role in Thailand's sustenance and economy. This study aimed to examine the trends of climate variability and its correlation with crop yields and social and farm factors affecting farm net income in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. Time series climate data (2002–2020) on temperature and rainfall and yields were analyzed using the Mann–Kendall trend test and Sen's slope estimation to investigate the trends and their changes. The Pearson correlation was used to assess the association between climate variability and cultivated crop yields, and multiple linear regression was used to detect the factors influencing the farm net income. The findings show that the total annual rainfall showed an unchanged trend, but the annual temperature increased over time. Higher temperature negatively impacted longan yield but positively affected maize, with no significant impact on rice yield. The rainfall trend had no effect on crop yields. Despite declining trends in some cultivated crops' yield, farm net income was unaffected by individual crop types. Farm income relied on cumulative output and geographic location. This research emphasizes the need for integrating climate data and forecasting models considering agronomic and socio-economic factors and crop suitability assessments for specific regions into adaptation policies and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]