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3,312 results on '"Proctor, Robert"'

2. Evaluation of Infrastructure-based Warning System on Driving Behaviors-A Roundabout Study

Author

Zhang, Cong, Tian, Chi, Han, Tianfang, Li, Hang, Feng, Yiheng, Chen, Yunfeng, Proctor, Robert W., and Zhang, Jiansong

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Smart intersections have the potential to improve road safety with sensing, communication, and edge computing technologies. Perception sensors installed at a smart intersection can monitor the traffic environment in real time and send infrastructure-based warnings to nearby travelers through V2X communication. This paper investigated how infrastructure-based warnings can influence driving behaviors and improve roundabout safety through a driving-simulator study - a challenging driving scenario for human drivers. A co-simulation platform integrating Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) and Webots was developed to serve as the driving simulator. A real-world roundabout in Ann Arbor, Michigan was built in the co-simulation platform as the study area, and the merging scenarios were investigated. 36 participants were recruited and asked to navigate the roundabout under three danger levels (e.g., low, medium, high) and three collision warning designs (e.g., no warning, warning issued 1 second in advance, warning issued 2 seconds in advance). Results indicated that advanced warnings can significantly enhance safety by minimizing potential risks compared to scenarios without warnings. Earlier warnings enabled smoother driver responses and reduced abrupt decelerations. In addition, a personalized intention prediction model was developed to predict drivers' stop-or-go decisions when the warning is displayed. Among all tested machine learning models, the XGBoost model achieved the highest prediction accuracy with a precision rate of 95.56% and a recall rate of 97.73%., Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures

Published
2023

15. Using Illustrations to Communicate Differential Privacy Trust Models: An Investigation of Users' Comprehension, Perception, and Data Sharing Decision

Author

Xiong, Aiping, Wu, Chuhao, Wang, Tianhao, Proctor, Robert W., Blocki, Jeremiah, Li, Ninghui, and Jha, Somesh

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Proper communication is key to the adoption and implementation of differential privacy (DP). However, a prior study found that laypeople did not understand the data perturbation processes of DP and how DP noise protects their sensitive personal information. Consequently, they distrusted the techniques and chose to opt out of participating. In this project, we designed explanative illustrations of three DP models (Central DP, Local DP, Shuffler DP) to help laypeople conceptualize how random noise is added to protect individuals' privacy and preserve group utility. Following pilot surveys and interview studies, we conducted two online experiments (N = 595) examining participants' comprehension, privacy and utility perception, and data-sharing decisions across the three DP models. Besides the comparisons across the three models, we varied the noise levels of each model. We found that the illustrations can be effective in communicating DP to the participants. Given an adequate comprehension of DP, participants preferred strong privacy protection for a certain type of data usage scenarios (i.e., commercial interests) at both the model level and the noise level. We also obtained empirical evidence showing participants' acceptance of the Shuffler DP model for data privacy protection. Our findings have implications for multiple stakeholders for user-centered deployments of differential privacy, including app developers, DP model developers, data curators, and online users.

Published
2022

28. No to Neocosmospora: Phylogenomic and Practical Reasons for Continued Inclusion of the Fusarium solani Species Complex in the Genus Fusarium

Author

O’Donnell, Kerry, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah MS, Aoki, Takayuki, Brankovics, Balázs, Cano-Lira, José F, Coleman, Jeffrey J, de Hoog, G Sybren, Di Pietro, Antonio, Frandsen, Rasmus JN, Geiser, David M, Gibas, Connie FC, Guarro, Josep, Kim, Hye-Seon, Kistler, H Corby, Laraba, Imane, Leslie, John F, López-Berges, Manuel S, Lysøe, Erik, Meis, Jacques F, Monod, Michel, Proctor, Robert H, Rep, Martijn, Ruiz-Roldán, Carmen, Šišić, Adnan, Stajich, Jason E, Steenkamp, Emma T, Summerell, Brett A, van der Lee, Theo AJ, van Diepeningen, Anne D, Verweij, Paul E, Waalwijk, Cees, Ward, Todd J, Wickes, Brian L, Wiederhold, Nathan P, Wingfield, Michael J, Zhang, Ning, and Zhang, Sean X

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Antifungal Agents, Fusarium, Phylogeny, clinical mycology, evolution, fungi, phylogenetics, taxonomy, Immunology
Abstract

This article is to alert medical mycologists and infectious disease specialists of recent name changes of medically important species of the filamentous mold FusariumFusarium species can cause localized and life-threating infections in humans. Of the 70 Fusarium species that have been reported to cause infections, close to one-third are members of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), and they collectively account for approximately two-thirds of all reported Fusarium infections. Many of these species were recently given scientific names for the first time by a research group in the Netherlands, but they were misplaced in the genus Neocosmospora In this paper, we present genetic arguments that strongly support inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium There are potentially serious consequences associated with using the name Neocosmospora for Fusarium species because clinicians need to be aware that fusaria are broadly resistant to the spectrum of antifungals that are currently available.

Published
2020

29. No to Neocosmospora: Phylogenomic and Practical Reasons for Continued Inclusion of the Fusarium solani Species Complex in the Genus Fusarium.

Author

O'Donnell, Kerry, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah MS, Aoki, Takayuki, Brankovics, Balázs, Cano-Lira, José F, Coleman, Jeffrey J, de Hoog, G Sybren, Di Pietro, Antonio, Frandsen, Rasmus JN, Geiser, David M, Gibas, Connie FC, Guarro, Josep, Kim, Hye-Seon, Kistler, H Corby, Laraba, Imane, Leslie, John F, López-Berges, Manuel S, Lysøe, Erik, Meis, Jacques F, Monod, Michel, Proctor, Robert H, Rep, Martijn, Ruiz-Roldán, Carmen, Šišić, Adnan, Stajich, Jason E, Steenkamp, Emma T, Summerell, Brett A, van der Lee, Theo AJ, van Diepeningen, Anne D, Verweij, Paul E, Waalwijk, Cees, Ward, Todd J, Wickes, Brian L, Wiederhold, Nathan P, Wingfield, Michael J, Zhang, Ning, and Zhang, Sean X

Subjects
Fusarium, Antifungal Agents, Phylogeny, clinical mycology, evolution, fungi, phylogenetics, taxonomy, Infectious Diseases, Infection
Abstract

This article is to alert medical mycologists and infectious disease specialists of recent name changes of medically important species of the filamentous mold Fusarium Fusarium species can cause localized and life-threating infections in humans. Of the 70 Fusarium species that have been reported to cause infections, close to one-third are members of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), and they collectively account for approximately two-thirds of all reported Fusarium infections. Many of these species were recently given scientific names for the first time by a research group in the Netherlands, but they were misplaced in the genus Neocosmospora In this paper, we present genetic arguments that strongly support inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium There are potentially serious consequences associated with using the name Neocosmospora for Fusarium species because clinicians need to be aware that fusaria are broadly resistant to the spectrum of antifungals that are currently available.

Published
2020

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