Search

With the development and deployment of new applications and services over the Internet, it is necessary to determine the impact that they have on availability, losses and errors, delay, and bandwidth. The quality of service and the traffic engineering applied in the design of the networks require performance to be guaranteed, and the most important parameter is the one-way delay (OWD). Properly estimating the OWD and its components is not an easy task, because there are critical factors such as synchronization, operating systems, network topology, among others. In this work we analyze the OWD components in a point-to-point scenario, with emphasis on queuing delay, by implementing QoS policies that allow obtaining delay data using real traffic patterns. Finally, we model the predictive behavior of OWD; the results show that it adjusts to a Polynomial Regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a method to acquire 3D position measurements for decentralized target tracking with an asynchronous camera network. Cameras with known poses have fields of view with overlapping projections on the ground and 3D volumes above a reference ground plane. The purpose is to track targets in 3D space without constraining motion to a reference ground plane. Cameras exchange line-of-sight vectors and respective time tags asynchronously. From stereoscopy, we obtain the fused 3D measurement at the local frame capture instant. We use local decentralized Kalman information filtering and particle filtering for target state estimation to test our approach with only local estimation. Monte Carlo simulation includes communication losses due to frame processing delays. We measure performance with the average root mean square error of 3D position estimates projected on the image planes of the cameras. We then compare only local estimation to exchanging additional asynchronous communications using the Batch Asynchronous Filter and the Sequential Asynchronous Particle Filter for further fusion of information pairs' estimates and fused 3D position measurements, respectively. Similar performance occurs in spite of the additional communication load relative to our local estimation approach, which exchanges just line-of-sight vectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to understand the dynamical collective performances is of particular significance in both theories and applications. In this paper, we are interested in investigating the combined influences of local interaction and processing delay on the asymptotic behavior in a particle model with local communication weights. With new observations, we show that the desired particle system undergoes both periodic flocking and periodic clustering behaviors when the processing delay crosses a threshold value and the eigenvalue 1 of average matrix is semi‐simple. In this case, the connectedness of the particle system may be absent. Also, the number of clusters is discussed by using subspace analysis. In results, some criteria on flocking and clustering emergence with exponential convergent rate are established by the standard functional differential equations analysis when the processing delay is small. When the processing delay reaches the threshold value, the system undergoes periodic flocking and periodic clustering emergence. It also shows that the processing time lags qualitatively change the emergent performances in a nonlinear way. Finally, we conclude this study with several numerical simulations that intuitively illustrate the validity of the theoretical results and address some discussions for both variable communication weight and distributed processing delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital healthcare paradigm has significantly improved based on distributed fog and cloud networks for cancer detection with multiple classes in recent years. The paradigm allows the collecting and training of cancer data on various computing nodes to make optimal cancer detection with their classes. In paradigm, multi-omics approaches (such as RNA, miRNA, and methylation) and machine learning techniques have achieved remarkable results in predicting cancer with different features. However, the digital healthcare paradigm for cancer detection concerning infrastructure still faces challenges related to security, execution delay, and improving the accuracy of cancer prediction in existing studies. These limitations affect the overall cancer detection results with more accuracy. In this paper, we are handling the research mentioned above limitations. We present a new paradigm for cancer detection with more accuracy, less processing delay, and more security based on fog cloud heterogeneous computing nodes. We present the Multi-Cancer Multi-Omics Clinical Dataset Laboratories (MCMOCL) Schemes to predict multi-cancers with multiple classes and consist of federated learning, auto-encoder, and XGBoost methods. The main objective of this study is to improve accuracy, reduce execution delay, and improve the security among heterogeneous cancer clinics in the architecture. Simulation results show that MCMOCL outperformed all existing machine models in terms of accuracy by 98% , processing delay by 61%, and security for the multi-classes types of cancers in heterogeneous fog cloud paradigm. • MCMOCL framework for multi-cancer applications with multi-omics datasets. • Learning-enabled federated auto-encoder for distributed data processing. • Multi-omics (mRNA, miRNA, methylation) trained on nodes, federated for processing. • Simulation environment analyzes omics-cancer data with various schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sufficient condition is obtained for a two-agent opinion dynamical system with processing delay to experience unconditional consensus. To this end, the dynamics proposed is transformed into a general class of delay differential equation and asymptotic stability of the origin is then analyzed. It is also shown that increasing delay can prolong the time needed for the system to realize consensus and even induce a Hopf bifurcation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Physicochemical changes of Icelandic golden redfish (Sebastes marinus) as affected by seasonal variation (June and November) and raw material freshness (processed 4 and 9 days postcatch) during frozen storage (at −25°C for 20 months) were studied to find optimal conditions for production of high‐quality frozen products. Thawing loss, cooking yield, and color of the fillets as well as chemical composition, water holding capacity, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, lipid oxidation, and hydrolysis of the light and dark muscle were analyzed every 4 months of frozen storage. Lipid hydrolysis was the main degradation process in the light muscle, while the dark muscle was more affected by lipid oxidation. Fish caught in November showed greater instability in the analyzed parameters during storage than fish caught in June, which could be linked to differences in individual poly unsaturated fatty acids between the two seasons. The quality attributes of fish processed on day 9 were similar to fish processed 4 days postcatch, except slightly higher thawing loss and yellowness, were observed in fish processed 9 days postcatch. Stability of golden redfish through frozen storage was higher in the fish caught in June than in November. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exceptional outbreaks of a number of epidemic diseases such as Ebola, SARS, Zika and H1N1 and their wide distribution over multiple regions calls for a reliable global health awareness system. This system is needed to achieve early detection of such emergencies. Furthermore, such health awareness system should be capable of predicting the outbreaks patterns to facilitate future countermeasure planning. This health awareness system should cover large scale regions that can be extended to multiple countries, continents and ultimately the globe. Many advanced and industrial countries are still struggling in building such system effectively even with the availability of resources and domain experts. The realization of a reliable health awareness system is accompanied with multiple challenges such as the availability of resources and experts, the global agreements about the system from the legislative and control point of view and the availability of the infrastructure that will support the system functionality with a reasonable cost. This paper presents a novel global health awareness system that overcomes the aforementioned challenges. The system is exploiting the emerging cloud computing services availability over the globe. To handle the large scale requirements, we introduce a multi-tier based cloud system that spans over four tiers starting from the monitored subjects to a centralized global cloud system. Also, we present a mixed integer optimization formulation to tackle the issues related to the latency of detecting outbreaks. Our results show that processing the data in multi-tier health awareness system will reduce the overall delay significantly and enable efficient health data sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaural time difference (ITD) is an important cue for the localization of sounds. ITD changes as little as 10 μs can be detected by the human auditory system. By provision of one ear with a cochlear implant (CI) ITD are altered due to the partial replacement of the peripheral auditory system. A hearing aid (HA), in contrast, does not replace but adds a processing delay component to the peripheral auditory system extending ITD. The aim of the present study was to quantify interaural stimulation timing between these different modalities to estimate the need for central auditory temporal compensation in single sided deaf CI users or bimodal CI/HA users. For this purpose, wave V latencies of auditory brainstem responses evoked either acoustically (ABR) or electrically via the CI (EABR) have been measured. The sum of delays consisting of CI signal processing measured in the MED-EL OPUS2 audio processor and EABR wave V latencies evoked on different intracochlear sites allowed an estimation of the entire CI channel-specific delay for MED-EL MAESTRO CI systems. We compared these values with ABR wave V latencies measured in the contralateral normal hearing or HA provided ear in different frequency bands. The results showed that EABR wave V latencies were consistently shorter than those evoked acoustically in the unaided normal hearing ear. Thus, artificial delays within the audio processor can be implemented to adjust interaural stimulation timing. The currently implemented group delays in the MED-EL CI system turned out to be reasonably similar to those of the unaided ear. For adjustment of CI and contralateral HA, in contrast, an adjustable additional across-frequency delay in the range of 1–11 ms implemented in the CI would be required. Especially for bimodal CI/HA users the adjustment of interaural stimulation timing may induce improved binaural hearing, reduced need for central auditory temporal compensation and increased acceptance of the CI/HA provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors suggest a framework for human–automation interaction in safety‐critical continuous systems under shared control and consider continuous‐time linear time‐invariant (LTI) dynamics to formalise our physical models mathematically. Their goal is to determine whether or not a given user‐interface provides the information required for a certain task, under the assumption that the user does not have access to any information beyond what is provided in the display. They identify observability‐based conditions under which a user‐interface provides the user with necessary information to accomplish a given task, formulated as a subset of the state space. They, therefore formulate the novel delay‐incorporating user‐observable subspace, and the delay‐incorporating user‐predictable subspace and compare them with the space spanned by the combination of the states which create the task. They assume the user is a special type of observer, with capabilities corresponding to different levels of knowledge regarding the current user's input and its derivatives. In addition, they consider that state reconstruction and prediction incorporate a processing delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We often need to search for an object in a dynamic environment. However, there remains a limited understanding of search processes responding to dynamic inputs of stimuli, especially regarding the mid-level stages of our visual processing hierarchy. In this study, we investigated whether and to what extent search asymmetry is observed between a search for a directionally changing item among constantly drifting items and vice versa. We found a significant search asymmetry in which a search for a directionally changing target among constantly drifting distractors was fairly efficient, while a search for a constantly drifting target among directionally changing distractors was drastically inefficient. We compared these results with other cases of search for a color-changing item among color-constant items and vice versa. These results suggest that directional changes are not a guiding attribute, but they are processed differently depending on whether they are assigned as a target to be found or distractors to be rejected; in the latter case, observers have difficulty rejecting them as distractors. We propose that the significant search asymmetry reflects the period of time during which directional changes are temporarily inaccessible to the visual system when deciding between a distractor and a target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a task transmission control with dynamic lightpath setup in an optical grid. In our proposed method, a job manager changes the number of tasks in a resource manager dynamically so as to maintain a constant processing delay. It leads to effective utilization of computing resource. I-PD control is applied to maintain efficient network management. Furthermore, in order to avoid frequent lightpath setup process, multiple lightpaths are established simultaneously by our proposed algorithm. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed task transmission method. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The combination of delayed sound from a digital hearing aid with direct sound through an open or vented fitting can potentially degrade the sound quality due to audible changes in timbre and/or perception of echo. The present study was designed to test a number of delay and high-pass combinations under worst-case (i.e. most sensitive) conditions. Eighteen normal-hearing and 18 mildly hearing-impaired subjects performed the test in a paired comparison (A/B) task. The subjects were asked to select a preferred setting with respect to sound quality. The test was set in an anechoic chamber using recorded speech, environmental sounds, and own voice. Experimental hearing aids were fitted binaurally with open domes thus providing maximum ventilation. The preference data were processed using a statistical choice model that derives a ratio-scale. The analysis indicated that in these test conditions there was no change in sound quality when varying the delay in the range 5–10 ms and that there was a preference for 2000 Hz high-pass filtering in most conditions, regardless of the hearing losses tested. Sumario La combinación de sonido retrasado de un auxiliar auditivo con un sonido directo a través de una adaptación ventilada potencialmente puede degradar la calidad del sonido debido a cambios auditivos en timbre y/o la percepción de eco. El presente estudio fue designado para probar un número de retrasos y combinaciones pasa alto bajo las peores condiciones (i.e. las más sensibles). Dieciocho sujetos normales y 18 con hipoacusia superficial hicieron la prueba con comparación pareada (A/B). Se les pidió a los sujetos que escogieran su condición preferida con respecto a la calidad del sonido. La prueba se llevó a cabo en una cámara anecoica utilizando lenguaje grabado, sonidos ambientales y la propia voz. Se adaptaron auxiliares auditivos experimentales en forma binaural con cúpulas abiertas para máxima ventilación. Los datos preferidos fueron procesados utilizando un modelo de selección estadístico que deriva en una escala por ratios. El análisis indicó que en estas condiciones de prueba no hubo cambios en la calidad de sonido cuando se varió el retraso en el rango de 5–10 ms y que había una preferencia por la filtración pasa-alto de 2000Hz en la mayoría de condiciones , sin importar la hipoacusia en cuestión. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realize comfortable voice communication with reduced steady ambient noise such as air conditioning noise, there is a form of noise suppression processing based on short-time spectral amplitude estimation. This is a frequency domain process using one microphone. Since the amount of processing is rather small, this is an extremely useful method for realization of equipment and applications. However, the processing delay associated with frame processing in the frequency domain causes deterioration of the voice communications quality. To deal with this problem, the present research proposes a scheme to reduce the processing delay. In the proposed system, deterioration of the processing quality is prevented by retaining the frequency resolution and the processing delay is reduced by compressing the shift width of the processing frame by performing overlap-addition. Objective evaluation confirms that the processing delay can be reduced to one-eighth while retaining a noise suppression capability similar to that in the conventional method. A subjective evaluation experiment confirms that voice quality similar to that in the usual method is attained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 89(2): 24–32, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20168 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Processing delays after blood collection is a common pre-analytical condition in large epidemiologic studies. It is critical to evaluate the suitability of blood samples with processing delays for metabolomics analysis as it is a potential source of variation that could attenuate associations between metabolites and disease outcomes.Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of metabolites over extended processing delays up to 48 h. We also aimed to test the reproducibility of the metabolomics platform.Methods: Blood samples were collected from 18 healthy volunteers. Blood was stored in the refrigerator and processed for plasma at 0, 15, 30, and 48 h after collection. Plasma samples were metabolically profiled using an untargeted, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) platform. Reproducibility of 1012 metabolites over processing delays and reproducibility of the platform were determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with variance components estimated from mixed-effects models.Results: The majority of metabolites (approximately 70% of 1012) were highly reproducible (ICCs ≥ 0.75) over 15-, 30- or 48-h processing delays. Nucleotides, energy-related metabolites, peptides, and carbohydrates were most affected by processing delays. The platform was highly reproducible with a median technical ICC of 0.84 (interquartile range 0.68-0.93).Conclusion: Most metabolites measured by the UPLC-MS/MS platform show acceptable reproducibility up to 48-h processing delays. Metabolites of certain pathways need to be interpreted cautiously in relation to outcomes in epidemiologic studies with prolonged processing delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]