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1. Fast and general tests of genetic interaction for genome-wide association studies.

Author

Mattias Frånberg, Rona J Strawbridge, Anders Hamsten, PROCARDIS consortium, Ulf de Faire, Jens Lagergren, and Bengt Sennblad

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

A complex disease has, by definition, multiple genetic causes. In theory, these causes could be identified individually, but their identification will likely benefit from informed use of anticipated interactions between causes. In addition, characterizing and understanding interactions must be considered key to revealing the etiology of any complex disease. Large-scale collaborative efforts are now paving the way for comprehensive studies of interaction. As a consequence, there is a need for methods with a computational efficiency sufficient for modern data sets as well as for improvements of statistical accuracy and power. Another issue is that, currently, the relation between different methods for interaction inference is in many cases not transparent, complicating the comparison and interpretation of results between different interaction studies. In this paper we present computationally efficient tests of interaction for the complete family of generalized linear models (GLMs). The tests can be applied for inference of single or multiple interaction parameters, but we show, by simulation, that jointly testing the full set of interaction parameters yields superior power and control of false positive rate. Based on these tests we also describe how to combine results from multiple independent studies of interaction in a meta-analysis. We investigate the impact of several assumptions commonly made when modeling interactions. We also show that, across the important class of models with a full set of interaction parameters, jointly testing the interaction parameters yields identical results. Further, we apply our method to genetic data for cardiovascular disease. This allowed us to identify a putative interaction involved in Lp(a) plasma levels between two 'tag' variants in the LPA locus (p = 2.42 ⋅ 10-09) as well as replicate the interaction (p = 6.97 ⋅ 10-07). Finally, our meta-analysis method is used in a small (N = 16,181) study of interactions in myocardial infarction.

Published
2017
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2. Discovering Genetic Interactions in Large-Scale Association Studies by Stage-wise Likelihood Ratio Tests.

Author

Mattias Frånberg, Karl Gertow, Anders Hamsten, PROCARDIS consortium, Jens Lagergren, and Bengt Sennblad

Subjects
Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Despite the success of genome-wide association studies in medical genetics, the underlying genetics of many complex diseases remains enigmatic. One plausible reason for this could be the failure to account for the presence of genetic interactions in current analyses. Exhaustive investigations of interactions are typically infeasible because the vast number of possible interactions impose hard statistical and computational challenges. There is, therefore, a need for computationally efficient methods that build on models appropriately capturing interaction. We introduce a new methodology where we augment the interaction hypothesis with a set of simpler hypotheses that are tested, in order of their complexity, against a saturated alternative hypothesis representing interaction. This sequential testing provides an efficient way to reduce the number of non-interacting variant pairs before the final interaction test. We devise two different methods, one that relies on a priori estimated numbers of marginally associated variants to correct for multiple tests, and a second that does this adaptively. We show that our methodology in general has an improved statistical power in comparison to seven other methods, and, using the idea of closed testing, that it controls the family-wise error rate. We apply our methodology to genetic data from the PROCARDIS coronary artery disease case/control cohort and discover three distinct interactions. While analyses on simulated data suggest that the statistical power may suffice for an exhaustive search of all variant pairs in ideal cases, we explore strategies for a priori selecting subsets of variant pairs to test. Our new methodology facilitates identification of new disease-relevant interactions from existing and future genome-wide association data, which may involve genes with previously unknown association to the disease. Moreover, it enables construction of interaction networks that provide a systems biology view of complex diseases, serving as a basis for more comprehensive understanding of disease pathophysiology and its clinical consequences.

Published
2015
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3. Novel loci for adiponectin levels and their influence on type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits: a multi-ethnic meta-analysis of 45,891 individuals.

Author

Zari Dastani, Marie-France Hivert, Nicholas Timpson, John R B Perry, Xin Yuan, Robert A Scott, Peter Henneman, Iris M Heid, Jorge R Kizer, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Christian Fuchsberger, Toshiko Tanaka, Andrew P Morris, Kerrin Small, Aaron Isaacs, Marian Beekman, Stefan Coassin, Kurt Lohman, Lu Qi, Stavroula Kanoni, James S Pankow, Hae-Won Uh, Ying Wu, Aurelian Bidulescu, Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik, Celia M T Greenwood, Martin Ladouceur, Jonna Grimsby, Alisa K Manning, Ching-Ti Liu, Jaspal Kooner, Vincent E Mooser, Peter Vollenweider, Karen A Kapur, John Chambers, Nicholas J Wareham, Claudia Langenberg, Rune Frants, Ko Willems-Vandijk, Ben A Oostra, Sara M Willems, Claudia Lamina, Thomas W Winkler, Bruce M Psaty, Russell P Tracy, Jennifer Brody, Ida Chen, Jorma Viikari, Mika Kähönen, Peter P Pramstaller, David M Evans, Beate St Pourcain, Naveed Sattar, Andrew R Wood, Stefania Bandinelli, Olga D Carlson, Josephine M Egan, Stefan Böhringer, Diana van Heemst, Lyudmyla Kedenko, Kati Kristiansson, Marja-Liisa Nuotio, Britt-Marie Loo, Tamara Harris, Melissa Garcia, Alka Kanaya, Margot Haun, Norman Klopp, H-Erich Wichmann, Panos Deloukas, Efi Katsareli, David J Couper, Bruce B Duncan, Margreet Kloppenburg, Linda S Adair, Judith B Borja, DIAGRAM+ Consortium, MAGIC Consortium, GLGC Investigators, MuTHER Consortium, James G Wilson, Solomon Musani, Xiuqing Guo, Toby Johnson, Robert Semple, Tanya M Teslovich, Matthew A Allison, Susan Redline, Sarah G Buxbaum, Karen L Mohlke, Ingrid Meulenbelt, Christie M Ballantyne, George V Dedoussis, Frank B Hu, Yongmei Liu, Bernhard Paulweber, Timothy D Spector, P Eline Slagboom, Luigi Ferrucci, Antti Jula, Markus Perola, Olli Raitakari, Jose C Florez, Veikko Salomaa, Johan G Eriksson, Timothy M Frayling, Andrew A Hicks, Terho Lehtimäki, George Davey Smith, David S Siscovick, Florian Kronenberg, Cornelia van Duijn, Ruth J F Loos, Dawn M Waterworth, James B Meigs, Josee Dupuis, J Brent Richards, Benjamin F Voight, Laura J Scott, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Christian Dina, Ryan P Welch, Eleftheria Zeggini, Cornelia Huth, Yurii S Aulchenko, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Laura J McCulloch, Teresa Ferreira, Harald Grallert, Najaf Amin, Guanming Wu, Cristen J Willer, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Steve A McCarroll, Oliver M Hofmann, Ayellet V Segrè, Mandy van Hoek, Pau Navarro, Kristin Ardlie, Beverley Balkau, Rafn Benediktsson, Amanda J Bennett, Roza Blagieva, Eric Boerwinkle, Lori L Bonnycastle, Kristina Bengtsson Boström, Bert Bravenboer, Suzannah Bumpstead, Noël P Burtt, Guillaume Charpentier, Peter S Chines, Marilyn Cornelis, Gabe Crawford, Alex S F Doney, Katherine S Elliott, Amanda L Elliott, Michael R Erdos, Caroline S Fox, Christopher S Franklin, Martha Ganser, Christian Gieger, Niels Grarup, Todd Green, Simon Griffin, Christopher J Groves, Candace Guiducci, Samy Hadjadj, Neelam Hassanali, Christian Herder, Bo Isomaa, Anne U Jackson, Paul R V Johnson, Torben Jørgensen, Wen H L Kao, Augustine Kong, Peter Kraft, Johanna Kuusisto, Torsten Lauritzen, Man Li, Aloysius Lieverse, Cecilia M Lindgren, Valeriya Lyssenko, Michel Marre, Thomas Meitinger, Kristian Midthjell, Mario A Morken, Narisu Narisu, Peter Nilsson, Katharine R Owen, Felicity Payne, Ann-Kristin Petersen, Carl Platou, Christine Proença, Inga Prokopenko, Wolfgang Rathmann, N William Rayner, Neil R Robertson, Ghislain Rocheleau, Michael Roden, Michael J Sampson, Richa Saxena, Beverley M Shields, Peter Shrader, Gunnar Sigurdsson, Thomas Sparsø, Klaus Strassburger, Heather M Stringham, Qi Sun, Amy J Swift, Barbara Thorand, Jean Tichet, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Rob M van Dam, Timon W van Haeften, Thijs van Herpt, Jana V van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, G Bragi Walters, Michael N Weedon, Cisca Wijmenga, Jacqueline Witteman, Richard N Bergman, Stephane Cauchi, Francis S Collins, Anna L Gloyn, Ulf Gyllensten, Torben Hansen, Winston A Hide, Graham A Hitman, Albert Hofman, David J Hunter, Kristian Hveem, Markku Laakso, Andrew D Morris, Colin N A Palmer, Igor Rudan, Eric Sijbrands, Lincoln D Stein, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Andre Uitterlinden, Mark Walker, Richard M Watanabe, Goncalo R Abecasis, Bernhard O Boehm, Harry Campbell, Mark J Daly, Andrew T Hattersley, Oluf Pedersen, Inês Barroso, Leif Groop, Rob Sladek, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, James F Wilson, Thomas Illig, Philippe Froguel, Cornelia M van Duijn, Kari Stefansson, David Altshuler, Michael Boehnke, Mark I McCarthy, Nicole Soranzo, Eleanor Wheeler, Nicole L Glazer, Nabila Bouatia-Naji, Reedik Mägi, Joshua Randall, Paul Elliott, Denis Rybin, Abbas Dehghan, Jouke Jan Hottenga, Kijoung Song, Anuj Goel, Taina Lajunen, Alex Doney, Christine Cavalcanti-Proença, Meena Kumari, Nicholas J Timpson, Carina Zabena, Erik Ingelsson, Ping An, Jeffrey O'Connell, Jian'an Luan, Amanda Elliott, Steven A McCarroll, Rosa Maria Roccasecca, François Pattou, Praveen Sethupathy, Yavuz Ariyurek, Philip Barter, John P Beilby, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Sven Bergmann, Murielle Bochud, Amélie Bonnefond, Knut Borch-Johnsen, Yvonne Böttcher, Eric Brunner, Suzannah J Bumpstead, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Peter Chines, Robert Clarke, Lachlan J M Coin, Matthew N Cooper, Laura Crisponi, Ian N M Day, Eco J C de Geus, Jerome Delplanque, Annette C Fedson, Antje Fischer-Rosinsky, Nita G Forouhi, Maria Grazia Franzosi, Pilar Galan, Mark O Goodarzi, Jürgen Graessler, Scott Grundy, Rhian Gwilliam, Göran Hallmans, Naomi Hammond, Xijing Han, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, Caroline Hayward, Simon C Heath, Serge Hercberg, David R Hillman, Aroon D Hingorani, Jennie Hui, Joe Hung, Marika Kaakinen, Jaakko Kaprio, Y Antero Kesaniemi, Mika Kivimaki, Beatrice Knight, Seppo Koskinen, Peter Kovacs, Kirsten Ohm Kyvik, G Mark Lathrop, Debbie A Lawlor, Olivier Le Bacquer, Cécile Lecoeur, Yun Li, Robert Mahley, Massimo Mangino, María Teresa Martínez-Larrad, Jarred B McAteer, Ruth McPherson, Christa Meisinger, David Melzer, David Meyre, Braxton D Mitchell, Sutapa Mukherjee, Silvia Naitza, Matthew J Neville, Marco Orrù, Ruth Pakyz, Giuseppe Paolisso, Cristian Pattaro, Daniel Pearson, John F Peden, Nancy L Pedersen, Andreas F H Pfeiffer, Irene Pichler, Ozren Polasek, Danielle Posthuma, Simon C Potter, Anneli Pouta, Michael A Province, Nigel W Rayner, Kenneth Rice, Samuli Ripatti, Fernando Rivadeneira, Olov Rolandsson, Annelli Sandbaek, Manjinder Sandhu, Serena Sanna, Avan Aihie Sayer, Paul Scheet, Udo Seedorf, Stephen J Sharp, Beverley Shields, Gunnar Sigurðsson, Eric J G Sijbrands, Angela Silveira, Laila Simpson, Andrew Singleton, Nicholas L Smith, Ulla Sovio, Amy Swift, Holly Syddall, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Anke Tönjes, André G Uitterlinden, Ko Willems van Dijk, Dhiraj Varma, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Veronique Vitart, Nicole Vogelzangs, Gérard Waeber, Peter J Wagner, Andrew Walley, Kim L Ward, Hugh Watkins, Sarah H Wild, Gonneke Willemsen, Jaqueline C M Witteman, John W G Yarnell, Diana Zelenika, Björn Zethelius, Guangju Zhai, Jing Hua Zhao, M Carola Zillikens, DIAGRAM Consortium, GIANT Consortium, Global B Pgen Consortium, Ingrid B Borecki, Pierre Meneton, Patrik K E Magnusson, David M Nathan, Gordon H Williams, Kaisa Silander, Stefan R Bornstein, Peter Schwarz, Joachim Spranger, Fredrik Karpe, Alan R Shuldiner, Cyrus Cooper, Manuel Serrano-Ríos, Lars Lind, Lyle J Palmer, Paul W Franks, Shah Ebrahim, Michael Marmot, W H Linda Kao, Peter Paul Pramstaller, Alan F Wright, Michael Stumvoll, Anders Hamsten, Procardis Consortium, Thomas A Buchanan, Timo T Valle, Jerome I Rotter, Brenda W J H Penninx, Dorret I Boomsma, Antonio Cao, Angelo Scuteri, David Schlessinger, Manuela Uda, Aimo Ruokonen, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Leena Peltonen, Vincent Mooser, Robert Sladek, MAGIC investigators, GLGC Consortium, Kiran Musunuru, Albert V Smith, Andrew C Edmondson, Ioannis M Stylianou, Masahiro Koseki, James P Pirruccello, Daniel I Chasman, Christopher T Johansen, Sigrid W Fouchier, Gina M Peloso, Maja Barbalic, Sally L Ricketts, Joshua C Bis, Mary F Feitosa, Marju Orho-Melander, Olle Melander, Xiaohui Li, Mingyao Li, Yoon Shin Cho, Min Jin Go, Young Jin Kim, Jong-Young Lee, Taesung Park, Kyunga Kim, Xueling Sim, Rick Twee-Hee Ong, Damien C Croteau-Chonka, Leslie A Lange, Joshua D Smith, Andreas Ziegler, Weihua Zhang, Robert Y L Zee, John B Whitfield, John R Thompson, Ida Surakka, Tim D Spector, Johannes H Smit, Juha Sinisalo, James Scott, Juha Saharinen, Chiara Sabatti, Lynda M Rose, Robert Roberts, Mark Rieder, Alex N Parker, Guillaume Pare, Christopher J O'Donnell, Markku S Nieminen, Deborah A Nickerson, Grant W Montgomery, Wendy McArdle, David Masson, Nicholas G Martin, Fabio Marroni, Gavin Lucas, Robert Luben, Marja-Liisa Lokki, Guillaume Lettre, Lenore J Launer, Edward G Lakatta, Reijo Laaksonen, Kirsten O Kyvik, Inke R König, Kay-Tee Khaw, Lee M Kaplan, Åsa Johansson, A Cecile J W Janssens, Wilmar Igl, G Kees Hovingh, Christian Hengstenberg, Aki S Havulinna, Nicholas D Hastie, Tamara B Harris, Talin Haritunians, Alistair S Hall, Leif C Groop, Elena Gonzalez, Nelson B Freimer, Jeanette Erdmann, Kenechi G Ejebe, Angela Döring, Anna F Dominiczak, Serkalem Demissie, Panagiotis Deloukas, Ulf de Faire, Gabriel Crawford, Yii-der I Chen, Mark J Caulfield, S Matthijs Boekholdt, Themistocles L Assimes, Thomas Quertermous, Mark Seielstad, Tien Y Wong, E-Shyong Tai, Alan B Feranil, Christopher W Kuzawa, Herman A Taylor, Stacey B Gabriel, Hilma Holm, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ronald M Krauss, Jose M Ordovas, Patricia B Munroe, Jaspal S Kooner, Alan R Tall, Robert A Hegele, John J P Kastelein, Eric E Schadt, David P Strachan, Muredach P Reilly, Nilesh J Samani, Heribert Schunkert, L Adrienne Cupples, Manjinder S Sandhu, Paul M Ridker, Daniel J Rader, and Sekar Kathiresan

Subjects
Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Circulating levels of adiponectin, a hormone produced predominantly by adipocytes, are highly heritable and are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and other metabolic traits. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 39,883 individuals of European ancestry to identify genes associated with metabolic disease. We identified 8 novel loci associated with adiponectin levels and confirmed 2 previously reported loci (P = 4.5×10(-8)-1.2×10(-43)). Using a novel method to combine data across ethnicities (N = 4,232 African Americans, N = 1,776 Asians, and N = 29,347 Europeans), we identified two additional novel loci. Expression analyses of 436 human adipocyte samples revealed that mRNA levels of 18 genes at candidate regions were associated with adiponectin concentrations after accounting for multiple testing (p

Published
2012
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4. Meta-analysis of 28,141 individuals identifies common variants within five new loci that influence uric acid concentrations.

Author

Melanie Kolz, Toby Johnson, Serena Sanna, Alexander Teumer, Veronique Vitart, Markus Perola, Massimo Mangino, Eva Albrecht, Chris Wallace, Martin Farrall, Asa Johansson, Dale R Nyholt, Yurii Aulchenko, Jacques S Beckmann, Sven Bergmann, Murielle Bochud, Morris Brown, Harry Campbell, EUROSPAN Consortium, John Connell, Anna Dominiczak, Georg Homuth, Claudia Lamina, Mark I McCarthy, ENGAGE Consortium, Thomas Meitinger, Vincent Mooser, Patricia Munroe, Matthias Nauck, John Peden, Holger Prokisch, Perttu Salo, Veikko Salomaa, Nilesh J Samani, David Schlessinger, Manuela Uda, Uwe Völker, Gérard Waeber, Dawn Waterworth, Rui Wang-Sattler, Alan F Wright, Jerzy Adamski, John B Whitfield, Ulf Gyllensten, James F Wilson, Igor Rudan, Peter Pramstaller, Hugh Watkins, PROCARDIS Consortium, Angela Doering, H-Erich Wichmann, KORA Study, Tim D Spector, Leena Peltonen, Henry Völzke, Ramaiah Nagaraja, Peter Vollenweider, Mark Caulfield, WTCCC, Thomas Illig, and Christian Gieger

Subjects
Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Elevated serum uric acid levels cause gout and are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. To investigate the polygenetic basis of serum uric acid levels, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association scans from 14 studies totalling 28,141 participants of European descent, resulting in identification of 954 SNPs distributed across nine loci that exceeded the threshold of genome-wide significance, five of which are novel. Overall, the common variants associated with serum uric acid levels fall in the following nine regions: SLC2A9 (p = 5.2x10(-201)), ABCG2 (p = 3.1x10(-26)), SLC17A1 (p = 3.0x10(-14)), SLC22A11 (p = 6.7x10(-14)), SLC22A12 (p = 2.0x10(-9)), SLC16A9 (p = 1.1x10(-8)), GCKR (p = 1.4x10(-9)), LRRC16A (p = 8.5x10(-9)), and near PDZK1 (p = 2.7x10(-9)). Identified variants were analyzed for gender differences. We found that the minor allele for rs734553 in SLC2A9 has greater influence in lowering uric acid levels in women and the minor allele of rs2231142 in ABCG2 elevates uric acid levels more strongly in men compared to women. To further characterize the identified variants, we analyzed their association with a panel of metabolites. rs12356193 within SLC16A9 was associated with DL-carnitine (p = 4.0x10(-26)) and propionyl-L-carnitine (p = 5.0x10(-8)) concentrations, which in turn were associated with serum UA levels (p = 1.4x10(-57) and p = 8.1x10(-54), respectively), forming a triangle between SNP, metabolites, and UA levels. Taken together, these associations highlight additional pathways that are important in the regulation of serum uric acid levels and point toward novel potential targets for pharmacological intervention to prevent or treat hyperuricemia. In addition, these findings strongly support the hypothesis that transport proteins are key in regulating serum uric acid levels.

Published
2009
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5. The influence of EDTA and citrate anticoagulant addition to human plasma on information recovery from NMR-based metabolic profiling studies

Author

Richard H. Barton, Daniel Waterman, Frank W. Bonner, Elaine Holmes, Robert Clarke, null the PROCARDIS Consortium, Jeremy K. Nicholson, and John C. Lindon

Subjects
Principal Component Analysis, Chromatography, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Magnesium, Metabolite, chemistry.chemical_element, Anticoagulants, Endogeny, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Calcium, Citric Acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Plasma, chemistry, Biochemistry, Metabolome, Proton NMR, Humans, Citric acid, Molecular Biology, Edetic Acid, Biotechnology
Abstract

The widely-used blood anticoagulants citrate and EDTA give rise to prominent peaks in (1)H NMR spectra of plasma samples collected in epidemiological and clinical studies, and these cause varying levels of interference in recovering biochemical information on endogenous metabolites. To investigate both the potential metabolic information loss caused by these substances and any possible inter-molecular interactions between the anticoagulants and endogenous components, the (1)H NMR spectra of 40 split human plasma samples collected from 20 individuals into either citrate or EDTA have been analysed. Endogenous metabolite peaks were selectively obscured by large citrate peaks or those from free EDTA and its calcium and magnesium complexes. It is shown that the endogenous metabolites that give rise to peaks obscured by those from EDTA or citrate almost invariably also have other resonances that allow their identification and potential quantitation. Also, metabolic information recovery could be maximised by use of spectral editing techniques such as spin-echo, diffusion-editing and J-resolved experiments. The NMR spectral effects of any interactions between the added citrate or EDTA and endogenous components were found to be negligible. Finally, identification of split samples was feasible using simple multivariate statistical approaches such as principal components analysis. Thus even when legacy epidemiological plasma samples have been collected using the NMR-inappropriate citrate or EDTA anticoagulants, useful biochemical information can still be recovered effectively.

Published
2009

6. Genetic variants associated with Lp(a) lipoprotein level and coronary disease

Author

Clarke, R, Peden, JF, Hopewell, JC, Kyriakou, T, Goel, A, Heath, SC, Parish, S, Barlera, S, Franzosi, MG, Rust, S, Bennett, D, Silveira, A, Malarstig, A, Green, FR, Lathrop, M, Gigante, B, Leander, K, de Faire, U, Seedorf, U, Hamsten, A, Collins, R, Watkins, H, Farrall, M, and PROCARDIS Consortium

Subjects
Genetic Markers, medicine.medical_specialty, Candidate gene, Genotype, Myocardial Infarction, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Genome-wide association study, Coronary Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Coronary artery disease, Kringles, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Genetics, Likelihood Functions, biology, business.industry, Case-control study, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Lipoprotein(a), medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Case-Control Studies, biology.protein, Regression Analysis, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), business, Lipoprotein, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

BACKGROUND: An increased level of Lp(a) lipoprotein has been identified as a risk factor for coronary artery disease that is highly heritable. The genetic determinants of the Lp(a) lipoprotein level and their relevance for the risk of coronary disease are incompletely understood. METHODS: We used a novel gene chip containing 48,742 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2100 candidate genes to test for associations in 3145 case subjects with coronary disease and 3352 control subjects. Replication was tested in three independent populations involving 4846 additional case subjects with coronary disease and 4594 control subjects. RESULTS: Three chromosomal regions (6q26-27, 9p21, and 1p13) were strongly associated with the risk of coronary disease. The LPA locus on 6q26-27 encoding Lp(a) lipoprotein had the strongest association. We identified a common variant (rs10455872) at the LPA locus with an odds ratio for coronary disease of 1.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49 to 1.95) and another independent variant (rs3798220) with an odds ratio of 1.92 (95% CI, 1.48 to 2.49). Both variants were strongly associated with an increased level of Lp(a) lipoprotein, a reduced copy number in LPA (which determines the number of kringle IV-type 2 repeats), and a small Lp(a) lipoprotein size. Replication studies confirmed the effects of both variants on the Lp(a) lipoprotein level and the risk of coronary disease. A meta-analysis showed that with a genotype score involving both LPA SNPs, the odds ratios for coronary disease were 1.51 (95% CI, 1.38 to 1.66) for one variant and 2.57 (95% CI, 1.80 to 3.67) for two or more variants. After adjustment for the Lp(a) lipoprotein level, the association between the LPA genotype score and the risk of coronary disease was abolished. CONCLUSIONS: We identified two LPA variants that were strongly associated with both an increased level of Lp(a) lipoprotein and an increased risk of coronary disease. Our findings provide support for a causal role of Lp(a) lipoprotein in coronary disease.

Published
2009

7. Quantitative trait genetic linkage analysis of body mass index in familial coronary artery disease

Author

Specchia, Claudia, Barlera, S, Chiodini, Bd, Nicolis, Eb, Farrall, M, Peden, J, Collins, R, Watkins, H, Tognoni, G, Franzosi, Mg, and Procardis, Consortium

Subjects
Male, Genetic Linkage, Quantitative Trait Loci, Coronary Artery Disease, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Coronary artery disease, Genetic linkage, Genetic linkage analysis, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Genetics (clinical), Aged, Analysis of Variance, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13, Body Weight, Chromosome Mapping, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Female, Analysis of variance, Lod Score, Body mass index, Cohort study
Abstract

Objective: Body mass index (BMI) is one of the most reproducible and commonly used proxies for obesity and is known to be influenced by many environmental causes as well as genetic factors. Identification of susceptibility genes for BMI regulation has been difficult. Reasons for these inconclusive results are both methodological and related to obesity aetiology. A genome-wide linkage analysis was performed to localise Quantitative trait loci influencing BMI in a large cohort collected in the PROCARDIS coronary heart disease study consisting of 1,812 informative families. Methods: Multipoint linkage analysis for BMI was conducted using both a variance component approach and a model-free regression method, and the resulting LOD scores were compared. Results: The strongest evidence for linkage was detected on chromosomes 13 (LOD 1.6). Other regions showing a LOD score greater than 1 were observed on chromosomes 3, 5, 11, 12 and 15. These results were mainly confirmed by the three different approaches used in the analysis. Conclusion: Our study did not find any locus with strongly supporting evidence for linkage to BMI even in such a large sample. Our results confirm the substantial genetic heterogeneity influencing BMI regulation that has emerged from the majority of genome scans so far published.

Published
2008

8. Novel loci for adiponectin levels and their influence on type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits: a multi-ethnic meta-analysis of 45,891 individuals.

Author

DIAGRAM+ Consortium, MAGIC Consortium, GLGC Investigators, MuTHER Consortium, DIAGRAM Consortium, GIANT Consortium, Global B Pgen Consortium, Procardis Consortium, MAGIC investigators, GLGC Consortium, Olson, J., Kronmal, R., Robbins, J., Chaves, PH., Burke, G., Kuller, LH., Tracy, R., Gottdiener, J., Prineas, R., Becker, JT., Enright, P., Klein, R., O'Leary, DH., Dastani, Z., Hivert, M.F., Timpson, N., Perry, J.R., Yuan, X., Scott, R.A., Henneman, P., Heid, I.M., Kizer, J.R., Lyytikäinen, L.P., Fuchsberger, C., Tanaka, T., Morris, A.P., Small, K., Isaacs, A., Beekman, M., Coassin, S., Lohman, K., Qi, L., Kanoni, S., Pankow, J.S., Uh, H.W., Wu, Y., Bidulescu, A., Rasmussen-Torvik, L.J., Greenwood, C.M., Ladouceur, M., Grimsby, J., Manning, A.K., Liu, C.T., Kooner, J., Mooser, V.E., Vollenweider, P., Kapur, K.A., Chambers, J., Wareham, N.J., Langenberg, C., Frants, R., Willems-Vandijk, K., Oostra, B.A., Willems, S.M., Lamina, C., Winkler, T.W., Psaty, B.M., Tracy, R.P., Brody, J., Chen, I., Viikari, J., Kähönen, M., Pramstaller, P.P., Evans, D.M., St Pourcain, B., Sattar, N., Wood, A.R., Bandinelli, S., Carlson, O.D., Egan, J.M., Böhringer, S., van Heemst, D., Kedenko, L., Kristiansson, K., Nuotio, M.L., Loo, B.M., Harris, T., Garcia, M., Kanaya, A., Haun, M., Klopp, N., Wichmann, H.E., Deloukas, P., Katsareli, E., Couper, D.J., Duncan, B.B., Kloppenburg, M., Adair, L.S., Borja, J.B., Wilson, J.G., Musani, S., Guo, X., Johnson, T., Semple, R., Teslovich, T.M., Allison, M.A., Redline, S., Buxbaum, S.G., Mohlke, K.L., Meulenbelt, I., Ballantyne, C.M., Dedoussis, G.V., Hu, F.B., Liu, Y., Paulweber, B., Spector, T.D., Slagboom, P.E., Ferrucci, L., Jula, A., Perola, M., Raitakari, O., Florez, J.C., Salomaa, V., Eriksson, J.G., Frayling, T.M., Hicks, A.A., Lehtimäki, T., Smith, G.D., Siscovick, D.S., Kronenberg, F., van Duijn, C., Loos, R.J., Waterworth, D.M., Meigs, J.B., Dupuis, J., Richards, J.B., Voight, B.F., Scott, L.J., Steinthorsdottir, V., Dina, C., Welch, R.P., 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Abstract

Circulating levels of adiponectin, a hormone produced predominantly by adipocytes, are highly heritable and are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and other metabolic traits. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 39,883 individuals of European ancestry to identify genes associated with metabolic disease. We identified 8 novel loci associated with adiponectin levels and confirmed 2 previously reported loci (P = 4.5×10(-8)-1.2×10(-43)). Using a novel method to combine data across ethnicities (N = 4,232 African Americans, N = 1,776 Asians, and N = 29,347 Europeans), we identified two additional novel loci. Expression analyses of 436 human adipocyte samples revealed that mRNA levels of 18 genes at candidate regions were associated with adiponectin concentrations after accounting for multiple testing (p<3×10(-4)). We next developed a multi-SNP genotypic risk score to test the association of adiponectin decreasing risk alleles on metabolic traits and diseases using consortia-level meta-analytic data. This risk score was associated with increased risk of T2D (p = 4.3×10(-3), n = 22,044), increased triglycerides (p = 2.6×10(-14), n = 93,440), increased waist-to-hip ratio (p = 1.8×10(-5), n = 77,167), increased glucose two hours post oral glucose tolerance testing (p = 4.4×10(-3), n = 15,234), increased fasting insulin (p = 0.015, n = 48,238), but with lower in HDL-cholesterol concentrations (p = 4.5×10(-13), n = 96,748) and decreased BMI (p = 1.4×10(-4), n = 121,335). These findings identify novel genetic determinants of adiponectin levels, which, taken together, influence risk of T2D and markers of insulin resistance.

Published
2012

9. Mo-P6:449 A new OX40L promoter haplotype showing association with coronary artery disease in the procardis trio family and scarf cohorts

Author

M. Ria, null The Procardis Consortium, P.G. Olssom, O. Bengtsson, P. Eriksson, A. Hamsten, and J. Lagercrantz

Subjects
Coronary artery disease, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, Haplotype, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, General Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.disease
Published
2006
Full Text
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11. Novel loci for adiponectin levels and their influence on type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits: a multi-ethnic meta-analysis of 45,891 individuals

Author

Dastani, Zari, Hivert, Marie-France, Timpson, Nicholas, Perry, John RB, Yuan, Xin, Scott, Robert A, Henneman, Peter, Heid, Iris M, Kizer, Jorge R, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Fuchsberger, Christian, Tanaka, Toshiko, Morris, Andrew P, Small, Kerrin, Isaacs, Aaron, Beekman, Marian, Coassin, Stefan, Lohman, Kurt, Qi, Lu, Kanoni, Stavroula, Pankow, James S, Uh, Hae-Won, Wu, Ying, Bidulescu, Aurelian, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J, Greenwood, Celia MT, Ladouceur, Martin, Grimsby, Jonna, Manning, Alisa K, Liu, Ching-Ti, Kooner, Jaspal, Mooser, Vincent E, Vollenweider, Peter, Kapur, Karen A, Chambers, John, Wareham, Nicholas J, Langenberg, Claudia, Frants, Rune, Willems-Vandijk, Ko, Oostra, Ben A, Willems, Sara M, Lamina, Claudia, Winkler, Thomas W, Psaty, Bruce M, Tracy, Russell P, Brody, Jennifer, Chen, Ida, Viikari, Jorma, Kähönen, Mika, Pramstaller, Peter P, Evans, David M, St Pourcain, Beate, Sattar, Naveed, Wood, Andrew R, Bandinelli, Stefania, Carlson, Olga D, Egan, Josephine M, Böhringer, Stefan, Van Heemst, Diana, Kedenko, Lyudmyla, Kristiansson, Kati, Nuotio, Marja-Liisa, Loo, Britt-Marie, Harris, Tamara, Garcia, Melissa, Kanaya, Alka, Haun, Margot, Klopp, Norman, Wichmann, H-Erich, Deloukas, Panos, Katsareli, Efi, Couper, David J, Duncan, Bruce B, Kloppenburg, Margreet, Adair, Linda S, Borja, Judith B, DIAGRAM+ Consortium, MAGIC Consortium, GLGC Investigators, MuTHER Consortium, Wilson, James G, Musani, Solomon, Guo, Xiuqing, Johnson, Toby, Semple, Robert, Teslovich, Tanya M, Allison, Matthew A, Redline, Susan, Buxbaum, Sarah G, Mohlke, Karen L, Meulenbelt, Ingrid, Ballantyne, Christie M, Dedoussis, George V, Hu, Frank B, Liu, Yongmei, Paulweber, Bernhard, Spector, Timothy D, Slagboom, P Eline, Ferrucci, Luigi, Jula, Antti, Perola, Markus, Raitakari, Olli, Florez, Jose C, Salomaa, Veikko, Eriksson, Johan G, Frayling, Timothy M, Hicks, Andrew A, Lehtimäki, Terho, Smith, George Davey, Siscovick, David S, Kronenberg, Florian, Van Duijn, Cornelia, Loos, Ruth JF, Waterworth, Dawn M, Meigs, James B, Dupuis, Josee, Richards, J Brent, Voight, Benjamin F, Scott, Laura J, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Dina, Christian, Welch, Ryan P, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Huth, Cornelia, Aulchenko, Yurii S, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, McCulloch, Laura J, Ferreira, Teresa, Grallert, Harald, Amin, Najaf, Wu, Guanming, Willer, Cristen J, Raychaudhuri, Soumya, McCarroll, Steve A, Hofmann, Oliver M, Segrè, Ayellet V, Van Hoek, Mandy, Navarro, Pau, Ardlie, Kristin, Balkau, Beverley, Benediktsson, Rafn, Bennett, Amanda J, Blagieva, Roza, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bonnycastle, Lori L, Boström, Kristina Bengtsson, Bravenboer, Bert, Bumpstead, Suzannah, Burtt, Noël P, Charpentier, Guillaume, Chines, Peter S, Cornelis, Marilyn, Crawford, Gabe, Doney, Alex SF, Elliott, Katherine S, Elliott, Amanda L, Erdos, Michael R, Fox, Caroline S, Franklin, Christopher S, Ganser, Martha, Gieger, Christian, Grarup, Niels, Green, Todd, Griffin, Simon, Groves, Christopher J, Guiducci, Candace, Hadjadj, Samy, Hassanali, Neelam, Herder, Christian, Isomaa, Bo, Jackson, Anne U, Johnson, Paul RV, Jørgensen, Torben, Kao, Wen HL, Kong, Augustine, Kraft, Peter, Kuusisto, Johanna, Lauritzen, Torsten, Li, Man, Lieverse, Aloysius, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Marre, Michel, Meitinger, Thomas, Midthjell, Kristian, Morken, Mario A, Narisu, Narisu, Nilsson, Peter, Owen, Katharine R, Payne, Felicity, Petersen, Ann-Kristin, Platou, Carl, Proença, Christine, Prokopenko, Inga, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Rayner, N William, Robertson, Neil R, Rocheleau, Ghislain, Roden, Michael, Sampson, Michael J, Saxena, Richa, Shields, Beverley M, Shrader, Peter, Sigurdsson, Gunnar, Sparsø, Thomas, Strassburger, Klaus, Stringham, Heather M, Sun, Qi, Swift, Amy J, Thorand, Barbara, Tichet, Jean, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Van Dam, Rob M, Van Haeften, Timon W, Van Herpt, Thijs, Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V, Walters, G Bragi, Weedon, Michael N, Wijmenga, Cisca, Witteman, Jacqueline, Bergman, Richard N, Cauchi, Stephane, Collins, Francis S, Gloyn, Anna L, Gyllensten, Ulf, Hansen, Torben, Hide, Winston A, Hitman, Graham A, Hofman, Albert, Hunter, David J, Hveem, Kristian, Laakso, Markku, Morris, Andrew D, Palmer, Colin NA, Rudan, Igor, Sijbrands, Eric, Stein, Lincoln D, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Uitterlinden, Andre, Walker, Mark, Watanabe, Richard M, Abecasis, Goncalo R, Boehm, Bernhard O, Campbell, Harry, Daly, Mark J, Hattersley, Andrew T, Pedersen, Oluf, Barroso, Inês, Groop, Leif, Sladek, Rob, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Wilson, James F, Illig, Thomas, Froguel, Philippe, Van Duijn, Cornelia M, Stefansson, Kari, Altshuler, David, Boehnke, Michael, McCarthy, Mark I, Soranzo, Nicole, Wheeler, Eleanor, Glazer, Nicole L, Bouatia-Naji, Nabila, Mägi, Reedik, Randall, Joshua, Elliott, Paul, Rybin, Denis, Dehghan, Abbas, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Song, Kijoung, Goel, Anuj, Lajunen, Taina, Doney, Alex, Cavalcanti-Proença, Christine, Kumari, Meena, Timpson, Nicholas J, Zabena, Carina, Ingelsson, Erik, An, Ping, O'Connell, Jeffrey, Luan, Jian'an, Elliott, Amanda, McCarroll, Steven A, Roccasecca, Rosa Maria, Pattou, François, Sethupathy, Praveen, Ariyurek, Yavuz, Barter, Philip, Beilby, John P, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Bergmann, Sven, Bochud, Murielle, Bonnefond, Amélie, Borch-Johnsen, Knut, Böttcher, Yvonne, Brunner, Eric, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chines, Peter, Clarke, Robert, Coin, Lachlan JM, Cooper, Matthew N, Crisponi, Laura, Day, Ian NM, De Geus, Eco JC, Delplanque, Jerome, Fedson, Annette C, Fischer-Rosinsky, Antje, Forouhi, Nita G, Franzosi, Maria Grazia, Galan, Pilar, Goodarzi, Mark O, Graessler, Jürgen, Grundy, Scott, Gwilliam, Rhian, Hallmans, Göran, Hammond, Naomi, Han, Xijing, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Hayward, Caroline, Heath, Simon C, Hercberg, Serge, Hillman, David R, Hingorani, Aroon D, Hui, Jennie, Hung, Joe, Kaakinen, Marika, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kesaniemi, Y Antero, Kivimaki, Mika, Knight, Beatrice, Koskinen, Seppo, Kovacs, Peter, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Lathrop, G Mark, Lawlor, Debbie A, Le Bacquer, Olivier, Lecoeur, Cécile, Li, Yun, Mahley, Robert, Mangino, Massimo, Martínez-Larrad, María Teresa, McAteer, Jarred B, McPherson, Ruth, Meisinger, Christa, Melzer, David, Meyre, David, Mitchell, Braxton D, Mukherjee, Sutapa, Naitza, Silvia, Neville, Matthew J, Orrù, Marco, Pakyz, Ruth, Paolisso, Giuseppe, Pattaro, Cristian, Pearson, Daniel, Peden, John F, Pedersen, Nancy L, Pfeiffer, Andreas FH, Pichler, Irene, Polasek, Ozren, Posthuma, Danielle, Potter, Simon C, Pouta, Anneli, Province, Michael A, Rayner, Nigel W, Rice, Kenneth, Ripatti, Samuli, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Rolandsson, Olov, Sandbaek, Annelli, Sandhu, Manjinder, Sanna, Serena, Sayer, Avan Aihie, Scheet, Paul, Seedorf, Udo, Sharp, Stephen J, Shields, Beverley, Sigurðsson, Gunnar, Sijbrands, Eric JG, Silveira, Angela, Simpson, Laila, Singleton, Andrew, Smith, Nicholas L, Sovio, Ulla, Swift, Amy, Syddall, Holly, Syvänen, Ann-Christine, Tönjes, Anke, Uitterlinden, André G, Van Dijk, Ko Willems, Varma, Dhiraj, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Vitart, Veronique, Vogelzangs, Nicole, Waeber, Gérard, Wagner, Peter J, Walley, Andrew, Ward, Kim L, Watkins, Hugh, Wild, Sarah H, Willemsen, Gonneke, Witteman, Jaqueline CM, Yarnell, John WG, Zelenika, Diana, Zethelius, Björn, Zhai, Guangju, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zillikens, M Carola, DIAGRAM Consortium, GIANT Consortium, Global B Pgen Consortium, Borecki, Ingrid B, Meneton, Pierre, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Nathan, David M, Williams, Gordon H, Silander, Kaisa, Bornstein, Stefan R, Schwarz, Peter, Spranger, Joachim, Karpe, Fredrik, Shuldiner, Alan R, Cooper, Cyrus, Serrano-Ríos, Manuel, Lind, Lars, Palmer, Lyle J, Franks, Paul W, Ebrahim, Shah, Marmot, Michael, Kao, WH Linda, Pramstaller, Peter Paul, Wright, Alan F, Stumvoll, Michael, Hamsten, Anders, Procardis Consortium, Buchanan, Thomas A, Valle, Timo T, Rotter, Jerome I, Penninx, Brenda WJH, Boomsma, Dorret I, Cao, Antonio, Scuteri, Angelo, Schlessinger, David, Uda, Manuela, Ruokonen, Aimo, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Peltonen, Leena, Mooser, Vincent, Sladek, Robert, MAGIC Investigators, GLGC Consortium, Musunuru, Kiran, Smith, Albert V, Edmondson, Andrew C, Stylianou, Ioannis M, Koseki, Masahiro, Pirruccello, James P, Chasman, Daniel I, Johansen, Christopher T, Fouchier, Sigrid W, Peloso, Gina M, Barbalic, Maja, Ricketts, Sally L, Bis, Joshua C, Feitosa, Mary F, Orho-Melander, Marju, Melander, Olle, Li, Xiaohui, Li, Mingyao, Cho, Yoon Shin, Go, Min Jin, Kim, Young Jin, Lee, Jong-Young, Park, Taesung, Kim, Kyunga, Sim, Xueling, Ong, Rick Twee-Hee, Croteau-Chonka, Damien C, Lange, Leslie A, Smith, Joshua D, Ziegler, Andreas, Zhang, Weihua, Zee, Robert YL, Whitfield, John B, Thompson, John R, Surakka, Ida, Spector, Tim D, Smit, Johannes H, Sinisalo, Juha, Scott, James, Saharinen, Juha, Sabatti, Chiara, Rose, Lynda M, Roberts, Robert, Rieder, Mark, Parker, Alex N, Pare, Guillaume, O'Donnell, Christopher J, Nieminen, Markku S, Nickerson, Deborah A, Montgomery, Grant W, McArdle, Wendy, Masson, David, Martin, Nicholas G, Marroni, Fabio, Lucas, Gavin, Luben, Robert, Lokki, Marja-Liisa, Lettre, Guillaume, Launer, Lenore J, Lakatta, Edward G, Laaksonen, Reijo, Kyvik, Kirsten O, König, Inke R, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kaplan, Lee M, Johansson, Åsa, Janssens, A Cecile JW, Igl, Wilmar, Hovingh, G Kees, Hengstenberg, Christian, Havulinna, Aki S, Hastie, Nicholas D, Harris, Tamara B, Haritunians, Talin, Hall, Alistair S, Groop, Leif C, Gonzalez, Elena, Freimer, Nelson B, Erdmann, Jeanette, Ejebe, Kenechi G, Döring, Angela, Dominiczak, Anna F, Demissie, Serkalem, Deloukas, Panagiotis, De Faire, Ulf, Crawford, Gabriel, Chen, Yii-Der I, Caulfield, Mark J, Boekholdt, S Matthijs, Assimes, Themistocles L, Quertermous, Thomas, Seielstad, Mark, Wong, Tien Y, Tai, E-Shyong, Feranil, Alan B, Kuzawa, Christopher W, Taylor, Herman A, Gabriel, Stacey B, Holm, Hilma, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Krauss, Ronald M, Ordovas, Jose M, Munroe, Patricia B, Kooner, Jaspal S, Tall, Alan R, Hegele, Robert A, Kastelein, John JP, Schadt, Eric E, Strachan, David P, Reilly, Muredach P, Samani, Nilesh J, Schunkert, Heribert, Cupples, L Adrienne, Sandhu, Manjinder S, Ridker, Paul M, Rader, Daniel J, and Kathiresan, Sekar

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Male, Waist-Hip Ratio, Cholesterol, HDL, Gene Expression, Glucose Tolerance Test, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, 3. Good health, Black or African American, Asian People, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Adiponectin, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Circulating levels of adiponectin, a hormone produced predominantly by adipocytes, are highly heritable and are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and other metabolic traits. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 39,883 individuals of European ancestry to identify genes associated with metabolic disease. We identified 8 novel loci associated with adiponectin levels and confirmed 2 previously reported loci (P = 4.5×10(-8)-1.2×10(-43)). Using a novel method to combine data across ethnicities (N = 4,232 African Americans, N = 1,776 Asians, and N = 29,347 Europeans), we identified two additional novel loci. Expression analyses of 436 human adipocyte samples revealed that mRNA levels of 18 genes at candidate regions were associated with adiponectin concentrations after accounting for multiple testing (p

12. Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index

Author

Fredrik Karpe, Ivonne Jarick, Julius S. Ngwa, Alan F. Wright, Robert Luben, Aaron R. Folsom, Sailaja Vedantam, Veikko Salomaa, Markku J. Savolainen, Robert Clarke, Shah Ebrahim, Thomas A. Buchanan, Mao Fu, Albert Hofman, Philippe Goyette, Camilla H. Sandholt, Fabio Macciardi, Elizabeth K. Speliotes, Barbara McKnight, Anne McCarthy, Mika Kaehoenen, Christian Gieger, Jorma S. A. Viikari, Nicholas J. Timpson, Kirsti Kvaløy, Douglas F. Levinson, Toby Johnson, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Samuli Ripatti, Andrew A. Hicks, Niina Pellikka, Charles C. White, Leena Peltonen, Reedik Maegi, John-Olov Jansson, Qunyuan Zhang, Claudia Lamina, Robert C. Kaplan, Peter M. Visscher, Laura J. Scott, Claes Ohlsson, Brian Thomson, Jubao Duan, Heikki V. Huikuri, Stephen O'Rahilly, Anette P. Gjesing, David P. Strachan, Caroline S. Fox, Sekar Kathiresan, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, Johannes Kettunen, Maris Teder-Laving, Erik Ingelsson, Mario A. Morken, Peter Kovacs, Elisabeth Widen, Caroline Hayward, Eleanor Wheeler, Jing Hua Zhao, Vilmundur Gudnason, Panos Deloukas, Jacqueline C. M. Witteman, Gert-Jan B. van Ommen, Eric Boerwinkle, Martin Wabitsch, Christian Hengstenberg, Beverley Balkau, Thor Aspelund, Neelam Hassanali, Paul M. Ridker, Nicole L. Glazer, Joyce B. J. van Meurs, Michel Marre, Alan James, Ben A. Oostra, David Meyre, Ida Surakka, Stefan Schreiber, Nigel W. Rayner, Heribert Schunkert, Thomas Quertermous, Stefan Gustafsson, Peter Kraft, Benjamin F. Voight, Irene Pichler, Olle Melander, Ozren Polasek, Antti Jula, Alan R. Sanders, Andrew R. Wood, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Thomas Illig, Jianjun Liu, Gerard Waeber, André G. Uitterlinden, Torben Hansen, Helene Alavere, André Scherag, Paolo Manunta, Johannes Hebebrand, Themistocles L. Assimes, Stefan R. Bornstein, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Morris Brown, Jianfeng Xu, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Nancy L. Heard-Costa, Cristen J. Willer, Henrik Greonberg, Guillaume Lettre, John R. Thompson, Inês Barroso, John R. B. Perry, Andreas Ziegler, James F. Wilson, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Maurizio F. Facheris, Robert Lawrence, Jan Smit, Lyle J. Palmer, Ulf Gyllensten, Richard B. Hayes, Shengxu Li, Barbara Ludwig, Larry D. Atwood, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Sabine Schipf, Jouko Saramies, Tanja Boes, Martin Ridderstråle, Jennie Hui, Lina Zgaga, Susann Scherag, Alexandra I. F. Blakemore, Marjolein Peters, Timo T. Valle, Nelson B. Freimer, Kay-Tee Khaw, Amy J. Swift, Michael Stumvoll, Miriam F. Moffatt, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Ayellet V. Segrè, Neil Robertson, Richard N. Bergman, Francis S. Collins, Ryan P. Welch, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Devin Absher, Tamara B. Harris, Kari E. North, Manuela Uda, Karen L. Mohlke, Inga Prokopenko, Per Hall, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Guillaume Paré, Stefan Gaget, G. Bragi Walters, Michael N. Weedon, Jean-Claude Tardif, Mary F. Feitosa, Anke Toenjes, Ken K. Ong, Cécile Lecoeur, Paavo Zitting, David S. Siscovick, Chih-Mei Chen, Peter Almgren, Anneli Pouta, Philippe Froguel, Pekka Jousilahti, Jaakko Kaprio, Maria Teresa Sciarrone Alibrandi, Sophie van Wingerden, Steven A. McCarroll, Oluf Pedersen, Shaun Purcell, Veronique Vitart, Leena Kinnunen, Markus Perola, Jacques S. Beckmann, Vincent Vatin, Christopher J. Groves, Zoltán Kutalik, Lu Qi, Volker Hoesel, Seppo Koskinen, Suzanne Rafelt, Anke Hinney, Annette Peters, David Schlessinger, Eero Kajantie, Jian Yang, Nicholas G. Martin, Joshua W. Knowles, Kristian Midthjell, Olivier Lantieri, Dorret I. Boomsma, Harry Campbell, Ulrich John, Kirsi H. Pietilaeinen, George Davey Smith, Carl G. P. Platou, Sarah H. Wild, Patricia B. Munroe, Iris M. Heid, Diana Marek, Michael Boehnke, Andres Metspalu, Hana Lango Allen, Peter Rzehak, Christine Cavalcanti-Proença, M. Carola Zillikens, Åsa Johansson, Anuj Goel, Andrew T. Hattersley, Massimo Mangino, Michael E. Goddard, Tim D. Spector, Winfried Rief, Jonathan Tyrer, Lachlan J. M. Coin, Peter P. Pramstaller, Narisu Narisu, John Beilby, Jonathan Stephens, Christina Barlassina, Pamela Fischer-Posovszky, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Kaisa Silander, Richard H. Myers, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Eric E. Schadt, Francesco P. Cappuccio, Martin den Heijer, Fernando Rivadeneira, Lindsay L. Waite, Wilmar Igl, Igor Rudan, Manjinder S. Sandhu, Debbie A Lawlor, Kristian Hveem, Susanna Wiegand, Mari Nelis, Thomas Reinehr, Elisabeth Thiering, Inke R. Koenig, Stephan B. Felix, Fredrik Wiklund, Ian N. M. Day, Willem H. Ouwehand, Peter Schwarz, Richard M. Watanabe, Keri L. Monda, Kari Stefansson, Gudny Eiriksdottir, H-Erich Wichmann, Jianxin Shi, Najaf Amin, Carlos Iribarren, Heiko Krude, Dale R. Nyholt, Lenore J. Launer, Stephen J. Chanock, Harald Grallert, Hugh Watkins, Juergen Graessler, Tsegaselassie Workalemahu, Jeanette Erdmann, Mattias Lorentzon, Leif Groop, Teresa Ferreira, Chiara Lanzani, Johanna Kuusisto, Johan G. Eriksson, Tõnu Esko, Torben Jørgensen, Robert J. Weyant, Michael Preuss, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Daniel I. Chasman, Daniel R. Witte, Kevin B. Jacobs, Nicole Soranzo, John M. C. Connell, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Jian'an Luan, Joshua C. Randall, Joachim Heinrich, Anthony J. Balmforth, Eva Fisher, Elizabeth S. Jewell, Alice M. Arnold, Nele Friedrich, Olli T. Raitakari, Henri Wallaschofski, Jeffrey R. O'Connell, Terho Lehtimaeki, Marika Kaakinen, Heather M. Stringham, Bo Isomaa, I. Sadaf Farooqi, Anna L. Dixon, Anne U. Jackson, Mark I. McCarthy, Lori L. Bonnycastle, Aila Rissanen, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Nilesh J. Samani, Aimo Ruokonen, Frank B. Hu, L. Adrienne Cupples, Amanda J. Bennett, Shamika Ketkar, Ruth J. F. Loos, Nicholas J. Wareham, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Timothy M. Frayling, Ulla Sovio, Georg Homuth, Liming Liang, Heiner Boeing, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Ingrid B. Borecki, Danielle M. Greenawalt, Rosanda Mulić, Ivana Kolcic, Talin Haritunians, Mark J. Caulfield, Marja-Liisa Lokki, Tanya M. Teslovich, Paul Elliott, Matt Neville, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Albert V. Smith, Andrew P. Morris, Fabio Busonero, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Jaana Laitinen, Michael R. Erdos, Candace Guiducci, Lee M. Kaplan, Aki S. Havulinna, Pablo V. Gejman, Alan R. Shuldiner, Serena Sanna, David J. Hunter, Sonja I. Berndt, Carla I. G. Vogel, Alistair S. Hall, Karol Estrada, Sven Bergmann, Thomas Meitinger, Gonneke Willemsen, Andrew C. Heath, Katja K.H. Aben, Markku Laakso, Juha Sinisalo, Tuomas O. Kilpelaenen, Mark E. Cooper, Heike Biebermann, Eco J. C. de Geus, Grant W. Montgomery, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Thomas W. Winkler, Ju-Hyun Park, Alex N. Parker, Peter S. Chines, James Nemesh, Nabila Bouatia-Naji, Wendy L. McArdle, Roberto Elosua, Markku S. Nieminen, Psychiatry, NCA - Anxiety & Depression, EMGO - Mental health, Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC other, Public Health, Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Anxiety & Depression, EMGO+ - Mental Health, MAGIC, Procardis Consortium, Medical Research Council (MRC), Speliotes, Ek, Willer, Cj, Berndt, Si, Monda, Kl, Thorleifsson, G, Jackson, Au, Allen, Hl, Lindgren, Cm, Luan, J, Mägi, R, Randall, Jc, Vedantam, S, Winkler, Tw, Qi, L, Workalemahu, T, Heid, Im, Steinthorsdottir, V, Stringham, Hm, Weedon, Mn, Wheeler, E, Wood, Ar, Ferreira, T, Weyant, Rj, Segrè, Av, Estrada, K, Liang, L, Nemesh, J, Park, Jh, Gustafsson, S, Kilpeläinen, To, Yang, J, BOUATIA NAJI, N, Esko, T, Feitosa, Mf, Kutalik, Z, Mangino, M, Raychaudhuri, S, Scherag, A, Smith, Av, Welch, R, Zhao, Jh, Aben, Kk, Absher, Dm, Amin, N, Dixon, Al, Fisher, E, Glazer, Nl, Goddard, Me, HEARD COSTA, Nl, Hoesel, V, Hottenga, Jj, Johansson, A, Johnson, T, Ketkar, S, Lamina, C, Li, S, Moffatt, Mf, Myers, Rh, Narisu, N, Perry, Jr, Peters, Mj, Preuss, M, Ripatti, S, Rivadeneira, F, Sandholt, C, Scott, Lj, Timpson, Nj, Tyrer, Jp, VAN WINGERDEN, S, Watanabe, Rm, White, Cc, Wiklund, F, Barlassina, C, Chasman, Di, Cooper, Mn, Jansson, Jo, Lawrence, Rw, Pellikka, N, Prokopenko, I, Shi, J, Thiering, E, Alavere, H, Alibrandi, Mt, Almgren, P, Arnold, Am, Aspelund, T, Atwood, Ld, Balkau, B, Balmforth, Aj, Bennett, Aj, BEN SHLOMO, Y, Bergman, Rn, Bergmann, S, Biebermann, H, Blakemore, Ai, Boes, T, Bonnycastle, Ll, Bornstein, Sr, Brown, Mj, Buchanan, Ta, Busonero, F, Campbell, H, Cappuccio, Fp, CAVALCANTI PROENÇA, C, Chen, Yd, Chen, Cm, Chines, P, Clarke, R, Coin, L, Connell, J, Day, In, DEN HEIJER, M, Duan, J, Ebrahim, S, Elliott, P, Elosua, R, Eiriksdottir, G, Erdos, Mr, Eriksson, Jg, Facheris, Mf, Felix, Sb, FISCHER POSOVSZKY, P, Folsom, Ar, Friedrich, N, Freimer, Nb, Fu, M, Gaget, S, Gejman, Pv, Geus, Ej, Gieger, C, Gjesing, Ap, Goel, A, Goyette, P, Grallert, H, Grässler, J, Greenawalt, Dm, Groves, Cj, Gudnason, V, Guiducci, C, Hartikainen, Al, Hassanali, N, Hall, A, Havulinna, A, Hayward, C, Heath, Ac, Hengstenberg, C, Hicks, Aa, Hinney, A, Hofman, A, Homuth, G, Hui, J, Igl, W, Iribarren, C, Isomaa, B, Jacobs, Kb, Jarick, I, Jewell, E, John, U, Jørgensen, T, Jousilahti, P, Jula, A, Kaakinen, M, Kajantie, E, Kaplan, Lm, Kathiresan, S, Kettunen, J, Kinnunen, L, Knowles, Jw, Kolcic, I, König, Ir, Koskinen, S, Kovacs, P, Kuusisto, J, Kraft, P, Kvaløy, K, Laitinen, J, Lantieri, O, Lanzani, C, Launer, Lj, Lecoeur, C, Lehtimäki, T, Lettre, G, Liu, J, Lokki, Ml, Lorentzon, M, Luben, Rn, Ludwig, B, Magic, Manunta, Paolo, Marek, D, Marre, M, Martin, Ng, Mcardle, Wl, Mccarthy, A, Mcknight, B, Meitinger, T, Melander, O, Meyre, D, Midthjell, K, Montgomery, Gw, Morken, Ma, Morris, Ap, Mulic, R, Ngwa, J, Nelis, M, Neville, Mj, Nyholt, Dr, O'Donnell, Cj, O'Rahilly, S, Ong, Kk, Oostra, B, Paré, G, Parker, An, Perola, M, Pichler, I, Pietiläinen, Kh, Platou, Cg, Polasek, O, Pouta, A, Rafelt, S, Raitakari, O, Rayner, Nw, Ridderstråle, M, Rief, W, Ruokonen, A, Robertson, Nr, Rzehak, P, Salomaa, V, Sanders, Ar, Sandhu, M, Sanna, S, Saramies, J, Savolainen, Mj, Scherag, S, Schipf, S, Schreiber, S, Schunkert, H, Silander, K, Sinisalo, J, Siscovick, D, Smit, Jh, Soranzo, N, Sovio, U, Stephens, J, Surakka, I, Swift, Aj, Tammesoo, Ml, Tardif, Jc, TEDER LAVING, M, Teslovich, Tm, Thompson, Jr, Thomson, B, Tönjes, A, Tuomi, T, VAN MEURS, Jb, VAN OMMEN, Gj, Vatin, V, Viikari, J, VISVIKIS SIEST, S, Vitart, V, Vogel, Ci, Voight, Bf, Waite, Ll, Wallaschofski, H, Walters, Gb, Widen, E, Wiegand, S, Wild, Sh, Willemsen, G, Witte, Dr, Witteman, Jc, Xu, J, Zhang, Q, Zgaga, L, Ziegler, A, Zitting, P, Beilby, Jp, Farooqi, I, Hebebrand, J, Huikuri, Hv, James, Al, Kähönen, M, Levinson, Df, Macciardi, F, Nieminen, M, Ohlsson, C, Palmer, Lj, Ridker, Pm, Stumvoll, M, Beckmann, J, Boeing, H, Boerwinkle, E, Boomsma, Di, Caulfield, Mj, Chanock, Sj, Collins, F, Cupples, La, Smith, Gd, Erdmann, J, Froguel, P, Grönberg, H, Gyllensten, U, Hall, P, Hansen, T, Harris, Tb, Hattersley, At, Hayes, Rb, Heinrich, J, Hu, Fb, Hveem, K, Illig, T, Jarvelin, Mr, Kaprio, J, Karpe, F, Khaw, Kt, Kiemeney, La, Krude, H, Laakso, M, Lawlor, Da, Metspalu, A, Munroe, Pb, Ouwehand, Wh, Pedersen, O, Penninx, Bw, Peters, A, Pramstaller, Pp, Quertermous, T, Reinehr, T, Rissanen, A, Rudan, I, Samani, Nj, Schwarz, Pe, Shuldiner, Ar, Spector, Td, Tuomilehto, J, Uda, M, Uitterlinden, A, Valle, Tt, Wabitsch, M, Waeber, G, Wareham, Nj, Watkins, H, Procardis, Consortium, Wilson, Jf, Wright, Af, Zillikens, Mc, Chatterjee, N, Mccarroll, Sa, Purcell, S, Schadt, Ee, Visscher, Pm, Assimes, Tl, Borecki, Ib, Deloukas, P, Fox, C, Groop, Lc, Haritunians, T, Hunter, Dj, Kaplan, Rc, Mohlke, Kl, O'Connell, Jr, Peltonen, L, Schlessinger, D, Strachan, Dp, VAN DUIJN, Cm, Wichmann, He, Frayling, Tm, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Abecasis, Gr, Barroso, I, Boehnke, M, Stefansson, K, North, Ke, Mccarthy, Mi, Hirschhorn, Jn, Ingelsson, E, and Loos, Rj

Subjects
Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Medizin, Genome-wide association study, Aetiology, screening and detection [ONCOL 5], FTO gene, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, SH2B1, GASTRIC-INHIBITORY POLYPEPTIDE, ADULT OBESITY, Glucose homeostasis, Body Size, GENETICS & HEREDITY, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, Genetics & Heredity, RISK, 0303 health sciences, Neuronal growth regulator 1, Genetics of obesity, COMMON VARIANTS, Chromosome Mapping, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Body Height/genetics, Body Size/genetics, Body Weight/genetics, European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Obesity/genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, FAT MASS, Body Height/*genetics *Body Mass Index Body Size/genetics Body Weight/*genetics *Chromosome Mapping European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics Genome-Wide Association Study Humans Obesity/genetics Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, MELANOCORTIN-4 RECEPTOR GENE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, European Continental Ancestry Group, EARLY-ONSET, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Locus (genetics), Biology, Article, White People, Molecular epidemiology [NCEBP 1], 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, body mass index, genome-wide association, meta-analysis, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Obesity, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, FTO GENE, 030304 developmental biology, Science & Technology, genome-wide association gastric-inhibitory polypeptide melanocortin-4 receptor gene glucose-homeostasis common variants adult obesity early-onset fat mass risk metaanalysis, Body Weight, 06 Biological Sciences, MAGIC, Body Height, GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS, Procardis Consortium, Body mass index, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Obesity is globaLy prevalent and highly heritable, but its underlying genetic factors remain largely elusive. To identify genetic loci for obesity susceptibility, we examined aSociations betwEn body maS index and ĝ̂1/42.8 miLion SNPs in up to 123,865 individuals with targeted foLow up of 42 SNPs in up to 125,931 aDitional individuals. We confirmed 14 known obesity susceptibility loci and identified 18 new loci aSociated with body maS index (P < 5-10-8), one of which includes a copy number variant near GPRC5B. Some loci (at MC4R, POMC, SH2B1 and BDNF) map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance, and one of these loci is near GIPR, an incretin receptor. Furthermore, genes in other newly aSociated loci may provide new insights into human body weight regulation. © 2010 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2010
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13. New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk

Author

Kenneth Rice, Amy J. Swift, Veronique Vitart, Lu Qi, Kaisa Silander, Olivier Le Bacquer, Laura Crisponi, David S. Siscovick, Bo Isomaa, Anne U. Jackson, Anke Tönjes, Richard N. Bergman, Rosa Maria Roccasecca, Luigi Ferrucci, Narisu Narisu, Kari Stefansson, Holly E. Syddall, Giuseppe Paolisso, Kim L. Ward, Paul Elliott, Scott M. Grundy, Paul Johnson, Jerome I. Rotter, Philippe Froguel, James B. Meigs, George Davey Smith, Andrew T. Hattersley, Leena Peltonen, Eric J.G. Sijbrands, Serena Sanna, María TeresaMartínez-Larrad, David Altshuler, Harald Grallert, Caroline S. Fox, Nita G. Forouhi, Dorret I. Boomsma, Harry Campbell, Jean Tichet, Angelo Scuteri, Aroon D. Hingorani, Daniel S. Pearson, Meena Kumari, Silvia Naitza, Shah Ebrahim, Manjinder S. Sandhu, Jose C. Florez, Cyrus Cooper, David M. Nathan, Joseph Hung, Fredrik Karpe, Ozren Polasek, Philip J. Barter, Ruth McPherson, Benjamin F. Voight, Wolfgang Rathmann, Abbas Dehghan, Udo Seedorf, Beverley M. Shields, Antti Jula, Pau Navarro, Josephine M. Egan, Rune R. Frants, Leif Groop, Gunnar Sigursson, Seppo Koskinen, Vincent Mooser, François Pattou, Jing Hua Zhao, Irene Pichler, John F. Peden, Göran Hallmans, Toshiko Tanaka, Ruth J. F. Loos, Peter Kovacs, Andrew D. Morris, Cécile Lecoeur, Jeffrey R. O'Connell, Massimo Mangino, Nicole Vogelzangs, Rhian Gwilliam, Gordon H. Williams, Carina Zabena, Naomi Hammond, Amélie Bonnefond, Björn Zethelius, Joachim Spranger, Nancy L. Pedersen, Christopher J. Groves, Nicholas J. Timpson, George Dedoussis, Veikko Salomaa, Peter Henneman, Andrew Walley, Serge Hercberg, Ian N. M. Day, Simon Heath, Matt Neville, Alex S. F. Doney, Robert Clarke, Olov Rolandsson, Panos Deloukas, Eric Boerwinkle, Y. AnteroKesaniemi, Mike Sampson, Gerard Waeber, Sven Bergmann, Ben A. Oostra, Manuel Serrano-Ríos, Mandy van Hoek, Christine Cavalcanti-Proença, Anna L. Gloyn, Ulla Sovio, Andrew P. Morris, Anneli Pouta, Amanda J. Bennett, Paul Scheet, Peter Schwarz, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Hugh Watkins, Johanna Kuusisto, Denis Rybin, Anna LiisaHartikainen, Maria GraziaFranzosi, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Rafn Benediktsson, Alan F. Wright, Colin N. Apalmer, Anuj Goel, Yavuz Ariyurek, Lars Lind, Robert Sladek, Stefan R. Bornstein, Reedik Mägi, Laila Simpson, Tim D. Spector, Paul W. Franks, Nicholas L. Smith, John R. B. Perry, Peter Vollenweider, Suzannah Bumpstead, Ruth E. Pakyz, Christa Meisinger, Alan R. Shuldiner, Josée Dupuis, Man Li, Eric J. Brunner, Francis S. Collins, Torben Hansen, James F. Wilson, Guangju Zhai, Igor Rudan, Nicole L. Glazer, Marco Orrù, Pierre Meneton, Knut Borch-Johnsen, Eleanor Wheeler, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Mark I. McCarthy, Jouke JanHottenga, Inga Prokopenko, Ping An, Jérôme Delplanque, Albert Hofman, Andrew B. Singleton, Gabe Crawford, Thomas A. Buchanan, Avan Aihie Sayer, Richard M. Watanabe, David Schlessinger, A C Fedson, André G. Uitterlinden, Frank B. Hu, Jaqueline C. MWitteman, Dhiraj Varma, Ingrid B. Borecki, Sutapa Mukherjee, Murielle Bochud, Barbara Thorand, Christian Gieger, Lori L. Bonnycastle, Stephen J. Sharp, Markus Perola, Caroline Hayward, Kristin Ardlie, J. Graessler, Robert W. Mahley, Toby Johnson, Jian'an Luan, Joshua C. Randall, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Samuli Ripatti, Ko Willems van Dijk, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Yurii S. Aulchenko, G. Mark Lathrop, Christian Dina, Eleftheria Zeggini, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Stavroula Kanoni, Timothy M. Frayling, Dawn M. Waterworth, Marika Kaakinen, Timo T. Valle, Diana Zelenika, Yii Der IdaChen, Angela Silveira, Nigel W. Rayner, Aimo Ruokonen, Yun Li, Cristian Pattaro, Annelli Sandbæk, Richa Saxena, Danielle Posthuma, Steven A. McCarroll, Niels Grarup, Samy Hadjadj, Pilar Galan, Xijing Han, Lyle J. Palmer, Ulf Gyllensten, Peter P. Pramstaller, Manuela Uda, Jarred B. McAteer, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Debbie A Lawlor, Torben Jørgensen, Beatrice Knight, Yvonne Böttcher, Claudia Langenberg, Nicole Soranzo, Ghislain Rocheleau, Erik Ingelsson, Mario A. Morken, Michael Roden, Felicity Payne, David R. Hillman, Michael Marmot, Karen L. Mohlke, Heather M. Stringham, Bruce M. Psaty, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Inês Barroso, W. H. Linda Kao, James S. Pankow, Valeriya Lyssenko, Nicholas J. Wareham, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Ann ChristineSyvänen, Braxton D. Mitchell, Alisa K. Manning, Mika Kivimäki, Peter Wagner, Praveen Sethupathy, G. BragiWalters, Jaakko Kaprio, Kijoung Song, Marjo Riitta-Järvelin, Michael A. Province, Andrew A. Hicks, Marilyn C. Cornelis, Sarah H. Wild, David Meyre, Guillaume Charpentier, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, David Melzer, Jennie Hui, Peter Shrader, Michael Stumvoll, Mark O. Goodarzi, Michael R. Erdos, Oluf Pedersen, Andreas Pfeiffer, Augustine Kong, Christian Herder, Laura J. Scott, John W. GYarnell, Kirsten Ohm Kyvik, Beverley Balkau, Antje Fischer-Rosinsky, Gonneke Willemsen, Thomas Illig, Neelam Hassanali, Markku Laakso, Michael Boehnke, John Beilby, Christopher S. Franklin, Fernando Rivadeneira, M. Carola Zillikens, Michael N. Weedon, Antonio Cao, Mark E. Cooper, Simon C. Potter, Eco J. C. de Geus, H.-Erich Wichmann, Amanda F. Elliott, Lachlan J. McOin, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Thomas Sparsø, Laura J. McCulloch, Taina K. Lajunen, Peter S. Chines, Nabila Bouatia-Naji, Medical Research Council (MRC), Biological Psychology, Functional Genomics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Anxiety & Depression, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Attention & Cognition, EMGO+ - Mental Health, Ophthalmology, Epidemiology, Clinical Genetics, Dermatology, Internal Medicine, DIAGRAM Consortium, GIANT Consortium, Global BPgen Consortium, Anders Hamsten on behalf of Procardis Consortium, MAGIC investigators, Human genetics, Psychiatry, EMGO - Mental health, NCA - Attention & Cognition, and NCA - Anxiety & Depression

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Candidate gene, Genome-wide association study, Type 2 diabetes, CIRCADIAN CLOCK, TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS, 0302 clinical medicine, Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase, Databases, Genetic, Homeostasis, GENETICS & HEREDITY, Anders Hamsten on behalf of Procardis Consortium, Child, Genetics, PLASMA-GLUCOSE, 0303 health sciences, Glucokinase regulatory protein, COMMON VARIANTS, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Fasting, MAGIC investigators, 3. Good health, MODEL ASSESSMENT, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS, Adolescent, DNA Copy Number Variations, Alleles, Blood Glucose/genetics, Blood Glucose/metabolism, DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics, Fasting/blood, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Loci/genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Homeostasis/genetics, Humans, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Reproducibility of Results, Quantitative Trait Loci, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biology, DIAGRAM Consortium, INSULIN-SECRETION, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Fasting glucose, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin resistance, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, genome wide association study, glucose, diabetes type 2, medicine, GIANT Consortium, Allele, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Global BPgen Consortium, 030304 developmental biology, Glycemic, Science & Technology, genome-wide association beta-cell dysfunction plasma-glucose insulin-secretion triglyceride levels essential components model assessment common variants circadian clock disease risk, DISEASE RISK, 06 Biological Sciences, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Genetic Loci, biology.protein, BETA-CELL DYSFUNCTION, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Levels of circulating glucose are tightly regulated. To identify new loci influencing glycemic traits, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide association studies informative for fasting glucose, fasting insulin and indices of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in up to 46, 186 nondiabetic participants. Follow-up of 25 loci in up to 76, 558 additional subjects identified 16 loci associated with fasting glucose and HOMA-B and two loci associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. These include nine loci newly associated with fasting glucose (in or near ADCY5, MADD, ADRA2A, CRY2, FADS1, GLIS3, SLC2A2, PROX1 and C2CD4B) and one influencing fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (near IGF1). We also demonstrated association of ADCY5, PROX1, GCK, GCKR and DGKB-TMEM195 with type 2 diabetes. Within these loci, likely biological candidate genes influence signal transduction, cell proliferation, development, glucose-sensing and circadian regulation. Our results demonstrate that genetic studies of glycemic traits can identify type 2 diabetes risk loci, as well as loci containing gene variants that are associated with a modest elevation in glucose levels but are not associated with overt diabetes.

Published
2010
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