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Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill.) is an ornamental plant that is highly susceptible to pathogens, requiring high amounts of phytosanitary products. Therefore, the development of more sustainable alternatives has been required. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of C. canadensis root extract (aqueous and with dichloromethane) applied via foliar or soil, in C. persicum, on gas exchange and the SPAD index and on the biomass of cyclamen. The aqueous extract treatment increased net CO2 assimilation, the transpiration rates, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The water use efficiency values were reduced in the treatments with both extracts. The greatest increases in the SPAD index were provided by the aqueous extract. The cyclamens that received the aqueous extract applied in soil or the dichloromethane extract applied in leaves showed an increase in total biomass and number of leaves. To identify the compounds present in the extracts, CG-MS and LC-MS/MS analyses were performed. The positive effects obtained indicated a high biostimulant effect of C. Canadensis. Thus, the root extracts of C. Canadensis, particularly the aqueous extracts, have the potential to be used to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, promoting agroecological practices and contributing to sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of several herbicides on the control of volunteer soybean plants. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, where the experimental units were composed of vessels with 10 dm3 capacity, arranged in a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 12 factorial scheme, with four replications. The cultivars Conquista and Valiosa RR® underwent an application of the herbicides: atrazine (1.500 g ha-1), tembotrione (100 g ha-1), mesotrione (120 g ha-1), nicosulfuron (40 g ha-1), 2.4 D (670; 1,050 and 1,340 g ha-1), diquat (300 g ha-1), paraquat (400 g ha-1), [paraquat + diuron] (500 + 250 g ha-1), and glyphosate (1,500 g ha-1), besides an untreated control. The application was made when the plants were in the phenological stage V3. The herbicides atrazine, glyphosate, [paraquat + diuron] and diquat showed the highest control levels of the volunteer soybean plants of the variety Conquista. The herbicides atrazine, [paraquat + diuron] and 2.4-D at the dose of 1,340 g ha-1 were the most effective ones in controlling volunteer soybean plants of the cultivar Valiosa RR®. The susceptibility of the volunteer soybean plants from the conventional variety (Conquista) and the glyphosate-resistant variety (Valiosa RR®) was variable depending on the applied herbicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]