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Calcium silicate-based cements are used in a variety of clinical conditions affecting the pulp tissue, relying on their inductive effect on tissue mineralization. This work aimed to evaluate the biological response of calcium silicate-based cements with distinct properties—the fast-setting Biodentine™ and TotalFill® BC RRM™ Fast Putty, and the classical slow-setting ProRoot® MTA, in an ex vivo model of bone development. Briefly, eleven-day-old embryonic chick femurs were cultured for 10 days in organotypic conditions, being exposed to the set cements' eluates and, at the end of the culture period, evaluated for osteogenesis/bone formation by combining microtomographic analysis and histological histomorphometric assessment. ProRoot® MTA and TotalFill® extracts presented similar levels of calcium ions, although significantly lower than those released from BiodentineTM. All extracts increased the osteogenesis/tissue mineralization, assayed by microtomographic (BV/TV) and histomorphometric (% of mineralized area; % of total collagen area, and % of mature collagen area) indexes, although displaying distinct dose-dependent patterns and quantitative values. The fast-setting cements displayed better performance than that of ProRoot® MTA, with BiodentineTM presenting the best performance, within the assayed experimental model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium silicate-based cements are used in a variety of clinical conditions affecting the pulp tissue, relying on their inductive effect on tissue mineralization. This work aimed to evaluate the biological response of calcium silicate-based cements with distinct properties—the fast-setting Biodentine™ and TotalFill® BC RRM™ Fast Putty, and the classical slow-setting ProRoot® MTA, in an ex vivo model of bone development. Briefly, eleven-day-old embryonic chick femurs were cultured for 10 days in organotypic conditions, being exposed to the set cements’ eluates and, at the end of the culture period, evaluated for osteogenesis/bone formation by combining microtomographic analysis and histological histomorphometric assessment. ProRoot® MTA and TotalFill® extracts presented similar levels of calcium ions, although significantly lower than those released from BiodentineTM. All extracts increased the osteogenesis/tissue mineralization, assayed by microtomographic (BV/TV) and histomorphometric (% of mineralized area; % of total collagen area, and % of mature collagen area) indexes, although displaying distinct dose-dependent patterns and quantitative values. The fast-setting cements displayed better performance than that of ProRoot® MTA, with BiodentineTM presenting the best performance, within the assayed experimental model.

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is widely used in dentistry as root perforation repair material, however due to its high alkalinity, tissue necrosis might occur. This study aimed to investigate the mineralization potential of titanium dioxide doped phosphate glass (TDPG) and in-house prepared freeze dried demineralized bone (FDDB) as substitutes for MTA. TDPG and FDDB were prepared and characterized using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray and Raman spectroscopy. The extract of FDDB, TDPG and FDDB + TDPG was used for culture of primary human osteoblast cells; cells grown in the presence of tissue culture medium was used as control. Mineral trioxide aggregate (ProRoot® MTA White) was used as a control material. Cell viability was evaluated up to 72 h using XTT assay. The mineralization potential was assessed in the presence of osteogenic and non-osteogenic media using Alizarin Red staining after 7 and 14 days. Cell morphology was captured using phase contrast microscopy. All tested materials showed irregular-shaped morphology with variation in particle sizes. Both TDPG and FDDB contain calcium, phosphorus, and oxygen as main elements. Phosphorus however is absent from ProRoot® MTA. The cells grown in FDDB, TDPG or FDDB + TDPG extract showed no significant difference from the control. ProRoot® MTA showed the lowest cell viability at 72 h. All tested extracts showed nodule formation at 7 and 14 days even in absence of osteogenic supplements. The mineralization significantly improved in the presence of osteogenic supplements and increased with time for all extracts except for ProRoot® MTA that showed a reduction in mineralization at day 14. FDDB + TDPG extract showed significantly higher mineralization than TDPG alone. FDDB, TDBG or combination could be potentially used as alternative to ProRoot® MTA. • TDPG and FDDB extracts supported the proliferation of primary osteoblasts as tissue culture medium. • TDPG and FDDB extracts enhanced nodule formation even in absence of osteogenic supplements. • Extract of FDDB + TDPG showed significantly higher mineralization than TDPG alone. • ProRoot® MTA′ extract showed reduction in cell viability and nodule formation with time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is widely used in various dental endodontic applications such as root-end filling, furcal perforation repair, and vital pulp therapy. In spite of many attempts to improve handling properties and reduce the discoloration of MTA, the ideal root canal filling material has yet to be fully developed. The objective of this study was to investigate the setting time, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of MTA set by a silk fibroin solution. A 5 wt% silk fibroin (SF) solution (a novel hydration accelerant) was used to set SavDen® MTA and ProRoot® white MTA (WMTA). Changes in setting time, diametral tensile strength (DTS), material crystallization, in vitro cell viability, and cell morphology were assessed by Vicat needle measurement, a universal testing machine, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and WST-1 assay, respectively. The initial setting time of ProRoot® MTA and SavDen® MTA experienced a drastic decrease of 83.9% and 42.1% when deionized water was replaced by 5 wt% SF solution as the liquid phase. The DTS of SavDen® MTA showed a significant increase after set by the SF solution in 24 h. A human osteoblast-like cell (MG-63)-based WST-1 assay revealed that both ProRoot® MTA and SavDen® MTA hydrated using SF solution did not significantly differ (p > 0.05) in cell viability. MG-63 cells with pseudopodia attachments and nuclear protrusions represent a healthier and more adherent status on the surface of MTA when set with SF solution. The results suggest that the 5 wt% SF solution may be used as an alternative hydration accelerant for MTA in endodontic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]