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336 results on '"Prkachin, Kenneth M"'

1. Unobtrusive Pain Monitoring in Older Adults with Dementia using Pairwise and Contrastive Training

Author

Rezaei, Siavash, Moturu, Abhishek, Zhao, Shun, Prkachin, Kenneth M., Hadjistavropoulos, Thomas, and Taati, Babak

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Although pain is frequent in old age, older adults are often undertreated for pain. This is especially the case for long-term care residents with moderate to severe dementia who cannot report their pain because of cognitive impairments that accompany dementia. Nursing staff acknowledge the challenges of effectively recognizing and managing pain in long-term care facilities due to lack of human resources and, sometimes, expertise to use validated pain assessment approaches on a regular basis. Vision-based ambient monitoring will allow for frequent automated assessments so care staff could be automatically notified when signs of pain are displayed. However, existing computer vision techniques for pain detection are not validated on faces of older adults or people with dementia, and this population is not represented in existing facial expression datasets of pain. We present the first fully automated vision-based technique validated on a dementia cohort. Our contributions are threefold. First, we develop a deep learning-based computer vision system for detecting painful facial expressions on a video dataset that is collected unobtrusively from older adult participants with and without dementia. Second, we introduce a pairwise comparative inference method that calibrates to each person and is sensitive to changes in facial expression while using training data more efficiently than sequence models. Third, we introduce a fast contrastive training method that improves cross-dataset performance. Our pain estimation model outperforms baselines by a wide margin, especially when evaluated on faces of people with dementia. Pre-trained model and demo code available at https://github.com/TaatiTeam/pain_detection_demo

Published
2021

2. Limitations and Biases in Facial Landmark Detection -- An Empirical Study on Older Adults with Dementia

Author

Asgarian, Azin, Zhao, Shun, Ashraf, Ahmed B., Browne, M. Erin, Prkachin, Kenneth M., Mihailidis, Alex, Hadjistavropoulos, Thomas, and Taati, Babak

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Accurate facial expression analysis is an essential step in various clinical applications that involve physical and mental health assessments of older adults (e.g. diagnosis of pain or depression). Although remarkable progress has been achieved toward developing robust facial landmark detection methods, state-of-the-art methods still face many challenges when encountering uncontrolled environments, different ranges of facial expressions, and different demographics of the population. A recent study has revealed that the health status of individuals can also affect the performance of facial landmark detection methods on front views of faces. In this work, we investigate this matter in a much greater context using seven facial landmark detection methods. We perform our evaluation not only on frontal faces but also on profile faces and in various regions of the face. Our results shed light on limitations of the existing methods and challenges of applying these methods in clinical settings by indicating: 1) a significant difference between the performance of state-of-the-art when tested on the profile or frontal faces of individuals with vs. without dementia; 2) insights on the existing bias for all regions of the face; and 3) the presence of this bias despite re-training/fine-tuning with various configurations of six datasets., Comment: Face and Gesture Analysis for Health Informatics (FGAHI) Workshop at CVPR 2019

Published
2019

5. Typical Pain Experience but Underestimation of Others' Pain: Emotion Perception in Self and Others in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author

Thaler, Hanna, Skewes, Joshua C., Gebauer, Line, Christensen, Peer, Prkachin, Kenneth M., and Jegindø Elmholdt, Else-Marie

Abstract

Difficulties in emotion perception are commonly observed in autism spectrum disorder. However, it is unclear whether these difficulties can be attributed to a general problem of relating to emotional states, or whether they specifically concern the perception of others' expressions. This study addressed this question in the context of pain, a sensory and emotional state with strong social relevance. We investigated pain evaluation in self and others in 16 male individuals with autism spectrum disorder and 16 age- and gender-matched individuals without autism spectrum disorder. Both groups had at least average intelligence and comparable levels of alexithymia and pain catastrophizing. We assessed pain reactivity by administering suprathreshold electrical pain stimulation at four intensity levels. Pain evaluation in others was investigated using dynamic facial expressions of shoulder patients experiencing pain at the same four intensity levels. Participants with autism spectrum disorder evaluated their own pain as being more intense than the pain of others, showing an underestimation bias for others' pain at all intensity levels. Conversely, in the control group, self- and other evaluations of pain intensity were comparable and positively associated. Results indicate that emotion perception difficulties in autism spectrum disorder concern the evaluation of others' emotional expressions, with no evidence for atypical experience of own emotional states.

Published
2018
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28. Development of a multidimensional measure of tobacco dependence in adolescence

Author

Johnson, Joy L., PrKachin, Kenneth M., Ratner, Pamela A., Shoveller, Jean, Tucker, Rochelle S., Bottorff, Joan L., and Zumbo, Bruno

Subjects
Tobacco chewing -- Research, Drugs and youth -- Research, Health, Sociology and social work
Abstract

A multidimensional measure of tobacco dependence is developed sensitive to signs of incipient dependence and relevant to adolescents. The measure was found to include four dimensions namely social reinforcement, emotional reinforcement, sensory reinforcement and physical reinforcement.

Published
2005

30. Hostility and facial expression in young men and women: is social regulation more important than negative affect?

Author

Prkachin, Kenneth M. and Silverman, Barbara E.

Subjects
Hostility (Psychology) -- Diagnosis, Facial expression -- Research, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

The part played by behavioral differences in the link between hostility and health was studied. Facial expression was studied in 72 undergraduates with different degrees of hostility. Restricted use of smiles may reflect limited use of appeasement, leading to poor interpersonal relations and limited social support.

Published
2002

43. Empathy in paediatric intensive care nurses part 2 : neural correlates

Author

Eugène, Fanny, Latimer, Margot, Jackson, Philip L., Michon, Pierre-Emmanuel, MacLeod, Emily, Vachon-Presseau, Etienne, Hatfield, Tara, Prkachin, Kenneth M., Eugène, Fanny, Latimer, Margot, Jackson, Philip L., Michon, Pierre-Emmanuel, MacLeod, Emily, Vachon-Presseau, Etienne, Hatfield, Tara, and Prkachin, Kenneth M.

Abstract

Aims : To determine if there are brain activity differences between paediatric intensive care nurses and allied health professionals during pain intensity rating tasks and test whether these differences are related to the population observed (infant or adult) and professional experience. Background : The underestimation of patients’ pain by healthcare professionals has generally been associated with patterns of change in neural response to vicarious pain, notably reduced activation in regions associated with affective sharing and increased activation in regions associated with regulation, compared with controls. Paediatric nurses, however, have recently been found to provide higher estimates of infants’ pain in comparison to allied health controls, suggesting that changes in neural response of this population might be different than other health professionals. Design : Cross‐sectional study. Methods : Functional MRI data were acquired from September 2014–June 2015 and used to compare changes in brain activity in 27 female paediatric care nurses and 24 allied health professionals while rating the pain of infants and adults in a series of video clips. Results : Paediatric nurses rated infant and adult pain higher than allied health professionals, but the two groups’ neural response only differed during observation of infant pain; paediatric nurses mainly showed significantly less activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (linked to cognitive empathy) and in the left anterior insula and inferior frontal cortex (linked to affective sharing). Conclusions : Patterns of neural activity to vicarious pain may vary across healthcare professions and patient populations and the amount of professional experience might explain part of these differences.

Published
2019

44. Empathy in paediatric intensive care nurses part 1 : behavioural and psychological correlates

Author

Latimer, Margot, Eugène, Fanny, Jackson, Philip L., Michon, Pierre-Emmanuel, MacLeod, Emily, Vachon-Presseau, Etienne, Hatfield, Tara, Prkachin, Kenneth M., Latimer, Margot, Eugène, Fanny, Jackson, Philip L., Michon, Pierre-Emmanuel, MacLeod, Emily, Vachon-Presseau, Etienne, Hatfield, Tara, and Prkachin, Kenneth M.

Abstract

Aim: To determine if differences exist between paediatric intensive care nurses andallied health professionals in empathy, secondary trauma, burnout, pain exposureand pain ratings of self and others. Early and late career differences were alsoexamined. Background: Nurses are routinely exposed to patient pain expression. This workcontext may make them vulnerable to adverse outcomes such as desensitization topatient pain or a compromise in personal well-being. Design : Cross-sectional study. Methods : Data were collected from a convenience sample of paediatric intensivecare nurses (n=27) and allied health professionals (n=24), from September 2014–June 2015, at a Canadian health centre. Both groups completed one demographicand three behavioural scales. Participants underwent fMRI while rating the pain ofinfant and adult patients in a series of video clips. Data were analyzed using para-metric and non-parametric methods. fMRI results are reported in a second paper. Results : Nurses were significantly more likely to be exposed to pain at work thanallied health professionals and scored significantly higher on dimensions of empathy,secondary trauma and burnout. Nurses scored their own pain and the pain of infantand adult patients, higher than allied health participants. Less experienced nurseshad higher secondary trauma and burnout scores than more experienced nurses. Conclusions : Paediatric intensive care work demands, such as patient pain expo-sure, may be associated with nurse’s higher report of empathy and pain in self andothers, but also with higher levels of secondary trauma and burnout, when com-pared with allied health professionals.

Published
2019

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