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Nesolagus netscheri, a Sumatran striped rabbit, is one of the rarest rabbits in the Leporidae family, and its genetic information is still limited. This study provides the first mitochondrial genome and molecular systematic characterization of the Sumatran striped rabbit, Nesolagus netscheri, Indonesia's rarest rabbit. It consists of a circular double-stranded DNA of 16,709 bp. It showed that the mitochondrial genome structure of N. netscheri is similar to that of N. timminsi. The mitochondrial genome of N. netscheri contained 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and all tRNA except for trnS1 showed a characteristic cloverleaf secondary structure. Evidence was found that the atp8 gene of N. netscheri is under positive selection pressure. The phylogenetic analysis shows Leporidae was monophyletic, with Nesolagus at the basal. The study indicates a split between N. netscheri and N. timminsi in the Late Pleistocene around 0.43 million years ago. This research is a fundamental reference for the conservation of the rarest lagomorph species and provides important information for future evolutionary studies in the Leporidae family., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Illegal wildlife trade poses a significant threat to Indonesia's biodiversity, especially among its diverse Felidae species (cats). While molecular methods have proven effective for identifying some Felidae species, there remains a gap in comparing these techniques across different endemic Felidae species in Indonesia, particularly in cases involving multiple species in confiscated wildlife products. This study applies DNA forensic techniques to analyze 38 confiscated Felidae samples, identifying four species: Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae), leopard (Panthera pardus), leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), and clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa). Notably, 21 samples identified as Sumatran tigers showed 100 % similarity to the reference sequence, demonstrating the effectiveness of custom-designed primers. The analysis also revealed a diverse range of biological materials, supporting the robustness of DNA forensics in wildlife conservation. A Bayesian phylogenetic tree further confirmed species differentiation with strong bootstrap values. These findings underscore the importance of accurate species identification for prosecuting wildlife crimes and formulating targeted conservation strategies. Despite limitations, including sample size and reliance on existing reference data, the study emphasizes the crucial role of DNA forensics in combating illegal wildlife trade and highlights the need for improved genetic databases. Practical implications include establishing protocols for sample collection, DNA forensic training for law enforcement, and fostering collaboration between forensic laboratories and conservation organizations. Integrating these forensic techniques supports broader conservation goals by enabling targeted enforcement, effective prosecution, and informed conservation planning through accurate subspecies identification., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest We hereby declare that we have no financial, commercial, legal, or professional relationships that could be construed as having influenced this research. Specifically, we declare: We confirm that there are no conflicts of interest that could potentially bias the outcomes or interpretations presented in this manuscript. We have nothing to declare., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Forensic entomology, the study of insects and arthropods in criminal investigations, is crucial for estimating postmortem intervals, determining changes in corpse positioning, and identifying causes of death. This study analyzes global research trends in forensic entomology using data from the Scopus database spanning 1970 to 2024, with data visualized through VOSviewer. A total of 2,261 articles were identified, with an average productivity of 42 papers per year. The leading countries in forensic entomology research are the United States (n = 444), Brazil (n = 266), China (n = 198), the United Kingdom (n = 194), and Germany (n = 156). Current hot topics in the field include pupae, feeding behavior, beetles, and genetics. These findings underscore the ongoing interest and advancements in forensic entomology, highlighting its significance and diverse applications in criminal investigations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Animal venoms and toxins hold promise as sources of novel drug candidates, therapeutic agents, and biomolecules. To fully harness their potential, it is crucial to develop reliable testing methods that provide a comprehensive understanding of their effects and mechanisms of action. However, traditional rodent assays encounter difficulties in mimicking venom-induced effects in human due to the impractical venom dosage levels. The search for reliable testing methods has led to the emergence of zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) as a versatile model organism for evaluating animal venoms and toxins. Zebrafish possess genetic similarities to humans, rapid development, transparency, and amenability to high-throughput assays, making it ideal for assessing the effects of animal venoms and toxins. This review highlights unique attributes of zebrafish and explores their applications in studying venom- and toxin-induced effects from various species, including snakes, jellyfish, cuttlefish, anemones, spiders, and cone snails. Through zebrafish-based research, intricate physiological responses, developmental alterations, and potential therapeutic interventions induced by venoms are revealed. Novel techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, optogenetics, and high-throughput screening hold great promise for advancing venom research. As zebrafish-based insights converge with findings from other models, the comprehensive understanding of venom-induced effects continues to expand, guiding the development of targeted interventions and promoting both scientific knowledge and practical applications.

Rehabilitating and releasing orangutans back into the wild is one of the conservation strategies being pursued to conserve orangutans. However, the species determination between Sumatran, Tapanuli, and Bornean orangutans is essential for reintroduction to avoid outbreeding depression, which could lead to DNA hybridisation and increase the probability of recessive characters. Here, we reported on an investigation of three orangutans in which DNA forensic techniques were used to identify the species before release and reintroduction to their habitat. By applying DNA forensic, the orangutan was successfully confirmed with high probabilities (100%) by identifying two orangutan species, Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii . Based on ambiguous morphology, we found the possibility of orangutan species being misidentified in rehabilitation. This case report demonstrates the importance of molecular diagnostics to identify the orangutan species. We also provide workflow recommendations from genetic aspect for rehabilitated orangutans. These recommendations will enable decision-makers to consider genetics when assessing future management decisions, which will help ensure that the orangutan species is effectively conserved., (© Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2024.)

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the trends in organoid culture research within the field of regenerative medicine from 2002 to 2022. Methods: The worldwide distribution of organoid research in regenerative medicine articles indexed in the Scopus database was analyzed. Result: A total of 840 documents were analyzed, averaging 42 publications annually. The USA (n = 296) led in publications, followed by China (n = 127), Japan (n = 91) and the UK (n = 75). Since 2011, research has surged, particularly in China, which emerged as a prominent center. Conclusion: The findings highlight significant growth in organoid research, promising future organ transplantation. Research trends integrate tissue engineering, gene modification and induced pluripotent stem cell technologies, reflecting a move toward personalized medicine.

Background: ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) is composed of ten Southeast Asian countries bound by socio-cultural ties that promote regional peace and stability. South Asia, located in the southern subregion of Asia, includes nine countries sharing similarities in geographical and ethno-cultural factors. Chikungunya is one of the most significant problems in Southeast and South Asian countries. Much of the current chikungunya epidemic in Southeast Asia is caused by the emergence of a virus strain that originated in Africa and spread to Southeast Asia. Meanwhile, in South Asia, three confirmed lineages are in circulation. Given the positive correlation between research activity and the improvement of the clinical framework of biomedical research, this article aimed to examine the growth of chikungunya virus-related research in ASEAN and South Asian countries., Methods: The Scopus database was used for this bibliometric analysis. The retrieved publications were subjected to a number of analyses, including those for the most prolific countries, journals, authors, institutions, and articles. Co-occurrence mapping of terms and keywords was used to determine the current state, emerging topics, and future prospects of chikungunya virus-related research. Bibliometrix and VOSviewer were used to analyze the data and visualize the collaboration network mapping., Results: The Scopus search engine identified 1280 chikungunya-related documents published by ASEAN and South Asian countries between 1967 and 2022. According to our findings, India was the most productive country in South Asia, and Thailand was the most productive country in Southeast Asia. In the early stages of the study, researchers investigated the vectors and outbreaks of the chikungunya virus. In recent years, the development of antivirus agents has emerged as a prominent topic., Conclusions: Our study is the first to present the growth of chikungunya virus-related research in ASEAN and South Asian countries from 1967 to 2022. In this study, the evaluation of the comprehensive profile of research on chikungunya can serve as a guide for future studies. In addition, a bibliometric analysis may serve as a resource for healthcare policymakers., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the global profile of the literature in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) research., Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a clinically heterogeneous condition characterized by fat accumulation in the liver and the absence of significant alcohol consumption or underlying genetic disorders. These manifestations are associated with inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis that can develop into cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. However, a study about the research trend in NAFLD has never been reported before., Methods: The NAFLD bibliometric analysis was performed on articles indexed in the Scopus database from 1973 to 2022., Results: The total number of articles published worldwide is 28,673 documents, with an annual average of 561 documents. The United States generated the most articles (n = 6548), followed by China (n = 6180), Italy (n = 2434), and Japan (n = 2032). Since 2013, the number of publications on NAFLD has increased dramatically worldwide. The popular topics in the field include medicine, biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology, pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics, and nursing., Conclusions: This study provides a unique composite picture of NAFLD research worldwide and evaluates research productivity from 1973 to 2022. This finding suggests that the prospects for interventions in NAFLD remain promising (Tab. 5, Fig. 4, Ref. 57). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: bibliometric analysis, NAFLD, Scopus.