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Abstract Background India bears the highest global burden of oral cancer, despite having an operational tobacco cessation framework. Occupational groups like solid waste management personnel face significant health challenges due to prevalent tobacco use, leading to oral potentially malignant lesions and oral cancer. Enhanced tobacco control strategies are essential for these groups. Methods A pre-post interventional, community-based study enrolled 1200 municipal workers in Varanasi, India, from July 2022 to August 2023. 858 tobacco users underwent screening and were randomly assigned to one of three interventions: Very Brief Advice, Individual Behavioral Counseling, or Group Behavioral Therapy. Follow-up was conducted one year after the baseline interventions Effectiveness was measured by nicotine dependence reduction using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores and cessation rates defined as at least 6-month abstinence. Appropriate statistical tests assessed the burden of tobacco use, oral potentially malignant lesions, and pre-post differences in FTND scores within and between groups. A p-value of

Abstract Open nanoshells such as nanobowls or nanocups collectively described as ‘semi shells’ have unique plasmonic properties due to their lack of symmetry. So far, their fabrication was based on multistep and laborious methods such as solid state sputter coating or selective deposition/etching using sacrificial templates. In this work, we report a rapid one step colloidal synthetic protocol for PEGylated semi-shell (SS) fabrication by simultaneous facet specific anisotropic chemical etching of rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-8 and heterogenous nucleation & growth of gold. The SS possesses a strong localized surface plasmon resonance in the near-infrared region, which is retained after surface passivation with polyethylene glycol and subsequent cryopreservation for extended shelf-life. Freshly reconstituted PEGylated SS was found to be safe & non-toxic in healthy C57BL/6 mice post intravenous administration. The PEGylated SS displayed significant photothermal efficiency of ~37% with 808 nm laser irradiation. Preclinical assessment of intra-tumoral photothermal efficacy indicated complete remission of primary breast tumor mass with insignificant metastasis to vital organs in 4T1 FL2 tumor bearing CD1 nude mice. Further, PEGylated SS mediated photothermal therapy also yielded morbidity free survivael of 75% for up to 90 days, indicating their potential to significantly improve outcomes in advanced breast tumors.

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is among the most prevalent endocrine disorders worldwide. Its risk increases with menopause. The prevalence of hypothyroidism among menopausal women in India is unknown, as conclusive data are scarce. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of hypothyroidism among menopausal women in Delhi, India, and study the socio-demographic factors associated with it. Methods: This was a cross-sectional community-based study done among 282 menopausal women in an urbanised village in Delhi, India. Women with a previously known history of diagnosed thyroid disorders were also included in the study. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants. A socio-demographic profile was gathered by questionnaire and blood samples were collected and analysed for thyroid hormone levels. Results: The mean age of study participants was 51.1 years. The prevalence of hypothyroidism among postmenopausal women was 27.3% (77) with 19.9% (56) previously diagnosed and 7.3% (21) diagnosed by the present study. Out of 56 previously diagnosed hypothyroid study participants, only 26 (46.4%) participants had thyroid hormones in a normal range. Age, socio-economic status and literacy status were found to be significantly associated with hypothyroidism. Conclusion: About three postmenopausal women out of 10 were found to be hypothyroid. Nation-wide data were required to estimate the true burden of thyroid disorders in this population. The prevalence increased with age underscoring the need for further research to have conclusive evidence regarding this association. Hypothyroid women who are on treatment should undergo regular evaluation of thyroid hormones so that appropriate dose adjustments can be made for pharmacological therapies.

Introduction: Granulomatous inflammatory pattern is a chronic inflammation with a limited number of possible conditions that cause it. Therefore, for treatment purposes, its diagnosis is mandatory. The overlapping clinical and histological features of granulomatous dermatitis demand a proper system of classification. The aetiology, histopathological granuloma patterns, and the morphology of various skin lesions can be informative and supportive towards their diagnosis. Aim: To determine the distribution of various cutaneous granulomatous disorders in the demographical region and their causative agents. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Histopathology section of the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Jammu and Kashmir, India over a period of five years (1st November 2014-31st October 2019) involving a prospective and retrospective analysis of 1,150 skin biopsies. A clinical diagnosis of Infectious Cutaneous Granulomatous Disorders (IGDS) was made in 560 cases included in the study. Out of 560 cases, the histopathological diagnosis of IGDS was confirmed in 361 cases. The aetiology and granuloma histology were studied. A clinicopathological agreement was established with the kappa test. Results: Leprosy was the most common histopathological diagnosis, with 343 out of 361 cases (95.01%), followed by tuberculosis with 9 out of 361 cases (2.49%). Leprosy subtypes included Lepromatous Leprosy (LL) in 75 cases (21.87%), followed by Borderline Tuberculoid (BT) in 71 cases (20.70%). Among the nine cases of cutaneous tuberculosis, Lupus Vulgaris (LV) was found in five cases (55.56%), followed by Scrofuloderma (SD) in three cases (33.33%), and Tuberculosis Cutis Orificialis (TCO) in one case (11.11%). The cases of leprosy showed maximum clinicopathological concordance in 343 cases (68.33%), with the BT type being the most concordant with the clinical diagnosis at 30 out of 64 cases (46.88%). A statistical analysis of kappa was applied to the subtypes of leprosy, and the observed kappa value was 0.3439, indicating agreement between histology and clinical diagnosis. Conclusion: Histopathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosing, categorising, and determining clinicopathological concordance of cutaneous granulomatous lesions. The wide spectrum of clinical differentials can be narrowed down. Although the importance of clinical examination and ancillary techniques for confirming the diagnosis cannot be denied, considering all aspects together can lead to a final conclusive diagnosis.

This study investigates the multifaceted relationships between product innovation, customer satisfaction, and experience within the quick service restaurants (QSR) sector. Moreover, it explores the reciprocal dynamics, scrutinizing the impact of customer experience on shaping customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the research delves into the mediating function of customer experience in establishing the connection between product innovation and customer satisfaction. The participant pool encompassed 221 respondents, patrons of well-established QSRs, such as McDonald’s, Domino’s Pizza, Pizza Hut, and KFC, strategically situated in three prominent north Indian cities—Jammu, Chandigarh, and Delhi. Employing a structural equation modelling technique, the study meticulously examines the relationships between these crucial elements (product innovation, customer experience and customer satisfaction). This research contributes to existing knowledge by offering a detailed study of the dynamics governing product innovation, customer satisfaction, and experience in the QSR sector. The findings bear practical implications for QSR operators, providing valuable insights into strategies for enhancing customer satisfaction through effective product innovation and an elevated dining experience.

Background and Objectives: Humanity’s gravest issue is environmental pollution, the main source of illness and death in humans and animals. The rapid exploitation of natural resources, urban effluents, and growing industrial waste result from the industrial and technological revolution, resulting in pollution. In the last few decades, the conventional technologies and processes used to remove the contaminants have typically been ineffective, expensive and harmful to the environment. Methods: The study’s available resources were compiled from internationally recognized scientific databases. Results: The use of phytoremediation for sustainable recovery of areas contaminated with toxic heavy metals has gained higher status since the discovery of hyper-accumulator plants. Numerous species of aquatic plants are effective in removing organic and inorganic pollutants. However, choosing plant species is of primary importance for successful phytoremediation. Other novel approaches, like different bio-absorbents and their modified versions, such as nano-composites and carbonaceous materials, might also be helpful for the sequestration of heavy metals in soil. Conclusion: The microbiological adsorbents and modified agriculture biomass composites effectively render heavy metals inert in soil and water with greater performance, stability, and reusability. The modified composites encapsulated bio-absorbents for cleaning up contaminated water and soil can be a better alternative and must be explored for future use.

Abstract Background Cancer incidence and mortality vary across the globe, with nearly two-thirds of cancer-related deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The rural-urban disparity in socio-demographic, behavioural, and lifestyle-related factors, as well as in access to cancer care, is one of the contributing factors. Population-based cancer registries serve as a measure for understanding the burden of cancer. We aimed to evaluate the rural-urban disparity in cancer burden and care of patients registered by an Indian population-based cancer registry. Methods This study collected data from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, between 2017 and 2019. Sex and site-specific age-standardised rates for incidence and mortality per 100,000 population were calculated. Rural-urban disparities in cancer incidence and mortality were estimated through rate differences and standardised rate ratios (with 95% confidence intervals). Univariable and multivariable regressions were applied to determine any significant differences in socio-demographic and cancer-related variables according to place of residence (rural/urban). Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results 6721 cancer patients were registered during the study duration. Urban patients were older and had better literacy and socioeconomic levels, while rural patients had higher odds of having unskilled or semi-skilled professions. Diagnostic and clinical confirmation for cancer was significantly higher in urban patients, while verbal autopsy-based confirmation was higher in rural patients. Rural patients were more likely to receive palliative or alternative systems of medicine, and urban patients had higher chances of treatment completion. Significantly higher incidence and mortality were observed for oral cancer among urban men and for cervical cancer among rural women. Despite the higher incidence of breast cancer in urban women, significantly higher mortality was observed in rural women. Conclusions Low- and middle-income countries are facing dual challenges for cancer control and prevention. Their urban populations experience unhealthy lifestyles, while their rural populations lack healthcare accessibility. The distinctness in cancer burden and pattern calls for a re-evaluation of cancer control strategies that are tailor-made with an understanding of urban-rural disparities. Context-specific interventional programmes targeting risk-factor modifications, cancer awareness, early detection, and accessibility to diagnosis and care are essential.

Background: Widespread use of Mancozeb (MZ) fungicide in endemic areas having high levels of arsenic (As+3) in the groundwater is likely to cause toxicosis in humans and animals. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the hepatotoxic effect of MZ and As+3 interaction in Wistar rats and mitigating potential of quercetin and catechin on such toxicity. Methods: Sixty adult rats were randomly divided into 10 groups of 6 animals each. Group I served as control and group II was exposed to MZ (800 mg kg-1, PO). Groups III, IV, and V were provided drinking water containing As+3 at the rate of 10, 50 and 100 µg L-1, respectively. Groups VI, VII, and VIII were given drinking water containing As+3 at 10, 50 and 100 µg L-1, respectively, along with MZ. Groups IX and X received drinking water contaminated with 100 µg L-1, As+3 and MZ along with quercetin or catechin (50 mg kg-1 each), respectively. Results: Significant (p

Heavy metal (HM) toxicity of agricultural soils poses a major risk to plant health, human life, and global food chain. Crop output and health are negatively impacted when HM levels in agricultural soils reach hazardous points. The nano-biochar (nano-BC) mediated stress tolerance has attracted growing scientific interest because biochar has the potential to be a novel and sustainable solution that may be actively included into the development of sustainable agriculture and food production. At present, biochar is extensively employed as a powerful tool to enhance sustainable agriculture with minimal impact on ecosystems and the environment. Nano-BC offers improved surface area, adsorption and mobility properties in soil compared to traditional fertilizers. Furthermore, nano-BC may prove to be the most practical substitute for traditional waste management techniques because of its affordability, sustainability, and environmental friendliness. In this review, we examine the application of nano-BC in the regulation of HM stress tolerance for improving plant growth and development. We focus on the impact of HMs impact on crop productivity, nano-BC amendments, their application, and production. The article also explores the nano-BC risk and toxicity. Through the perspective of multidisciplinary research, this work highlights the significance of nano-BC as cutting-edge tools in the field of agriculture, igniting a paradigm shift toward sustainable and stress-resilient farming systems.

The present study aimed to determine the attenuating properties of Juglans regia hull extract (JRHE) in mitigating isoprenaline (ISO) induced cardiorenal dysfunctions in Wistar rats. Thirty adult Wistar rats were randomly allocated to five groups with six animals in each group. Group I served as control; group II animals were administered ISO and group III received JRHE alone whereas group IV and V received JRHE and quercetin along with ISO, respectively. Administration of ISO in rats induced cardiac and renal tissue damage as reflected by significantly (p < 0.05) increased plasma activities of creatine kinase-myocardial band, lactate dehydrogenase, acetylcholinesterase, arylesterase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine along with altered antioxidant biomarkers viz. total antioxidant status, total thiols, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and increased (p < 0.05) lipid and protein peroxidation in cardiac and renal tissues. Histopathological findings corroborated that ISO has inflicted significant damage on cardiac and renal tissues. Repeated administration of JRHE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the severity of ISO-induced alterations in blood, cardiac and renal biomarkers. In addition to restoring the levels of altered cardio-renal antioxidant enzymes, JRHE also ameliorated histopathological lesions in cardiac and renal tissues in ISO-treated rats.

Objective: To assess how well steroidal nasal sprays and oral steroids work for treating CRS. Methods: Two hundred patients with CRS were included in a randomized controlled experiment. The patients were split into two groups: Group B received steroidal nasal sprays (fluticasone propionate 110 mcg/day in each nostril for 12 weeks) and Group A received oral steroids (prednisolone 30 mg/day for 14 days, followed by tapering over 7 days). The “Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22)” was used to quantify improvement in symptoms, the “Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI)” was used to measure quality of life, and the recurrence rate was measured at the 6-month follow-up. Results: At 12 weeks, SNOT-22 and RSDI scores significantly improved with both oral steroids and steroidal nasal sprays (P < 0.05). At the 6-month follow-up, however, oral steroids had a greater recurrence rate (25% vs. 12%, P = 0.02) when compared to steroidal nasal sprays. The two groups’ adverse effects were similar and of low severity. Conclusion: In conclusion, nasal sprays containing steroids seem to be a safer and more successful option than oral steroids for treating CRS, making them worthy of being used as the first line of treatment.

Background: Patient anxiety is known to influence various aspects of dental procedures, including endodontic treatments. However, the extent of its impact on the efficacy of such procedures remains uncertain. Understanding this influence is crucial for improving patient outcomes and optimizing treatment protocols. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 100 patients undergoing endodontic procedures. Patient anxiety levels were assessed using standardized anxiety scales before and after treatment. The efficacy of endodontic procedures was evaluated based on posttreatment pain scores, success rates of root canal treatments, and patient-reported satisfaction levels. Results: The mean pre-treatment anxiety score was 45.7 (SD = 9.2), while the mean posttreatment anxiety score reduced significantly to 32.4 (SD = 7.6), indicating a significant reduction in anxiety levels following endodontic procedures (P < 0.001). Posttreatment pain scores were lower in patients with reduced anxiety levels, with an average pain score of 2.1 (SD = 1.3) compared to 3.8 (SD = 1.6) in patients with persistently high-anxiety levels (P = 0.002). Additionally, the success rate of root canal treatments was higher in patients with lower anxiety levels (85%) than those with higher anxiety levels (65%) (P = 0.015). Overall patient satisfaction was also significantly higher in the low-anxiety group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Patient anxiety significantly influences the efficacy of endodontic procedures, affecting posttreatment pain, success rates of root canal treatments, and patient satisfaction levels. Efforts to reduce patient anxiety before and during endodontic procedures may lead to improved treatment outcomes and higher patient satisfaction.

For a prime p and a positive integer e, let $\mathbb {F}_{p^{e}}$ be the finite field of order $p^{e}$ and $\mathfrak {R}_{\ell } $ be a non-chain ring given by $\mathfrak {R}_{\ell } :=\mathbb {F}_{p^{e}}[v]/\langle v^{\ell } -1\rangle,~\ell \gt 1$ . This study presents the $(\theta _{1},\delta _{1},\beta _{1})$ -cyclic codes over $\mathfrak {R}_{\ell } $ and $(\theta _{i},\delta _{i},\beta _{i})$ -cyclic codes over $\mathbb {F}_{p^{e}}\mathfrak {R}_{\ell } $ for $i=0,1$ . Further, we study the application of these codes in the construction of quantum codes. Towards this, we define a Gray map to find images of the elements of $\mathfrak {R}_{\ell } $ and $\mathbb {F}_{p^{e}}\mathfrak {R}_{\ell } $ over the copies of $\mathbb {F}_{p^{e}}$ , and then establish the dual-containing conditions for these codes. Finally, using the CSS construction and a propagation rule, we find many non-binary quantum and classical codes with better parameters.

Abstract Measuring SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses is crucial to understanding an individual’s immunity to COVID-19. However, high inter- and intra-assay variability make it difficult to define T cells as a correlate of protection against COVID-19. To address this, we performed systematic review and meta-analysis of 495 datasets from 94 original articles evaluating SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses using three assays – Activation Induced Marker (AIM), Intracellular Cytokine Staining (ICS), and Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISPOT), and defined each assay’s quantitative range. We validated these ranges using samples from 193 SARS-CoV-2-exposed individuals. Although IFNγ ELISPOT was the preferred assay, our experimental validation suggested that it under-represented the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell repertoire. Our data indicate that a combination of AIM and ICS or FluoroSpot assay would better represent the frequency, polyfunctionality, and compartmentalization of the antigen-specific T cell responses. Taken together, our results contribute to defining the ranges of antigen-specific T cell assays and propose a choice of assay that can be employed to better understand the cellular immune response against viral diseases.

Sustainability of agricultural production systems is a major concern in context to present environmental conditions. Natural farming (NF) is being promoted as low-cost environment friendly option. A study was carried out to investigate the effects of NF vis-a-vis organic farming (OF) and conventional farming (CF) systems on soil microbial population, enzymatic activity, and microarthropod population under tomato crop in the mid-hill zone of Himachal Pradesh, India. The results showed that bacterial population under NF increased by 42.8% and 24% in comparison to CF and OF, respectively. Similarly, the population of soil fungi and actinomycetes under NF increased by 80.5 and 67.7% over CF, and by 47.9 and 39.6% over OF, respectively. The soil dehydrogenase activity under NF (22.5µg TPF/g soil/h) was 150.6% higher than CF and 85.2% higher than OF. Similar trend was found for phosphatase and urease activity. Soil micro arthropod population after two years of experiment was also highest under NF followed by OF and CF. The system yield was statistically at par to each other, among different farming systems. All the soil biological parameters were significantly correlated with each other (P

Background: Despite advances in the treatment of early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), patients with residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant therapy have a high risk of disease recurrence and worse survival outcomes than those who have pathological complete response (pCR). Improving outcomes in early TNBC remains an unmet need requiring new adjuvant treatment approaches. Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is an antibody–drug conjugate comprising a humanized anti-trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody attached via a plasma-stable, cleavable linker to a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor payload, with activity observed in advanced TNBC. Objectives: TROPION-Breast03 is an ongoing phase III study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Dato-DXd alone or combined with durvalumab versus standard-of-care therapy as adjuvant treatment in patients with stage I–III TNBC with residual invasive disease at surgical resection following neoadjuvant treatment. Methods and design: Eligible patients, aged ⩾18 years, will be randomized in a 2:1:2 ratio to receive Dato-DXd [6 mg/kg intravenously (IV) every 3 weeks (Q3W); eight cycles] and durvalumab (1120 mg IV Q3W; nine cycles), Dato-DXd monotherapy (6 mg/kg IV Q3W), or investigator’s choice of therapy (ICT; capecitabine, pembrolizumab, or capecitabine and pembrolizumab). The primary endpoint is invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) for Dato-DXd and durvalumab versus ICT. Key secondary endpoints include safety, distant disease-free survival, and overall survival for Dato-DXd and durvalumab versus ICT and iDFS for Dato-DXd monotherapy versus ICT. Ethics: TROPION-Breast03 will be approved by the independent ethics committees or institutional review boards at each study site. All study participants will provide written informed consent. Discussion: TROPION-Breast03 will help define the potential role of Dato-DXd in the treatment of patients with early-stage TNBC who do not have pCR after neoadjuvant therapy. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05629585 (registration date: 29 November 2022).

Summary: Peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADIs) catalyze protein citrullination, a post-translational conversion of arginine to citrulline. The most widely expressed member of this family, PADI2, regulates cellular processes that impact several diseases. We hypothesized that we could gain new insights into PADI2 function through a systematic evolutionary and structural analysis. Here, we identify 20 positively selected PADI2 residues, 16 of which are structurally exposed and maintain PADI2 interactions with cognate proteins. Many of these selected residues reside in non-catalytic regions of PADI2. We validate the importance of a prominent loop in the middle domain that encompasses PADI2 L162, a residue under positive selection. This site is essential for interaction with the transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb) and mediates the active transcription of the oncogenes c-MYC, and CCNB1, as well as impacting cellular proliferation. These insights could be key to understanding and addressing the role of the PADI2 c-MYC axis in cancer progression.

We study the phase super–sensitivity of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with the squeezed Kerr state (SKS) and coherent state as the inputs. We discuss the lower bound in phase sensitivity by considering the quantum Fisher information and the corresponding quantum Cramér–Rao bound. With the help of single intensity detection, intensity difference detection, and homodyne detection schemes, we find that our scheme gives a better sensitivity under both lossless and lossy conditions as compared to the well–known results of the combinations of inputs, such as coherent plus vacuum, coherent plus squeezed vacuum, and double coherent states. Because of the possibility of the generation of SKS with the present available quantum optical techniques, we expect that SKS may be an alternative nonclassical resource for the improvement in the phase super–sensitivity of the MZI in realistic scenarios.

Abstract Littleseed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.) is one of the most prevalent and troublesome annual grass weed species in wheat across the Indo‐Gangetic plains (IGP) of India, including Punjab. Littleseed canary grass has evolved resistance to different herbicide sites of action in the IGP region. A targeted field survey was conducted in 2018 and 2019 for seed collection of littleseed canary grass populations (total 94) across different districts of Punjab state prior to wheat harvest. The main objective of this research was to characterize the sensitivity response of collected littleseed canary grass populations to clodinafop‐propargyl (CP) and isoproturon (IPU) herbicides in whole‐plant dose‐response assays. Among all tested populations, 68 were found to be highly sensitive to CP, whereas all 94 populations were sensitive to IPU. Based on a 50% reduction in shoot dry biomass (GR50 values) and estimated sensitivity index (SI), 26 populations exhibited reduced sensitivity (SI of 2.2–4.4) to CP herbicide. The results also revealed that the littleseed canary grass populations with reduced sensitivity (SI ≥ 2.2) to CP had high sensitivity to IPU herbicide. Overall, these results suggested a high prevalence of littleseed canary grass populations with reduced sensitivity to CP herbicide in Punjab state. Diversified weed management strategies, including the use of alternative herbicides (both preemergence and postemergence), cultural (no‐till drill for wheat sowing and narrow row spacing), and mechanical (cutting of littleseed canary grass panicles prior to wheat harvest) practices should be adopted to control littleseed canary grass populations with reduced sensitivity to CP.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to the provision of routine health services. As we continue providing non-COVID services, it is essential that the community perceives them to be satisfactory and safe to ensure optimum uptake. The objective of the study was to determine the satisfaction and perceived safety among patients availing services at an urban health training center (UHTC) during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Delhi. Methods: UHTC, Aliganj caters to a population of over 6000, in an urbanized village of South Delhi. A pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire incorporating the North Indian OPD Satisfaction Scale along with questions on sociodemographic details and perception of safety was used. Systematic random sampling was used to select the patients from the study population which included those above 18 years attending UHTC from November–December 2020. Exit interviews were done by a trained independent interviewer to reduce bias. Data were analyzed in SPSS using Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests. Results: Out of 218 patients, 161 (73.7%) were satisfied, 174 (79.8%) felt safe to visit UHTC during the pandemic and 143 (65.6%) felt both satisfied and safe. Patients were dissatisfied with screening for COVID-19 (29.5%), amenities (47.1%), cleanliness (51.8%), and waiting and registration (62.9%). Conclusion: The majority of patients were satisfied and found the UHTC services safe. A large proportion of patients found location, doctor–patient interaction, and COVID-appropriate behavior at the center to be satisfactory, but there was scope to improve waiting and registration, cleanliness, and effectiveness of screening for COVID.

The Internet of Things (IoT) brings new products to everyone to improve daily life. Other newly created techniques, including Big Data, Cloud Services, and surveillance, can participate through these technological advances. In this study, the researchers look at the four systems mentioned above to identify their shared functions and integrate them to create useful potential applications. Despite the limitations of the smart city concept, researchers would seek innovative methods to collect and process sensor information within an IoT-enabled smart building. A cloud service would have been used as the foundation technology for the proposed schema management platform, collecting the information generated by each sensor in the smart factory. It was easy to manage and manipulate remotely using IoT technology and a mobile device with a network connection. Here, to enhance safety of the entire building by installing multiple IoT devices in a smart building. The proposed systems were designed in a simulated Cooja simulator environment. The proposed approaches to the collection and manipulation of sensor information in smart cities can help us create a green, resource-efficient project.

We study the phase sensitivity of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with product detection (PD) scheme by using the superposition of Schrödinger’s cat-like state with the vacuum state (SCVS) and the coherent state as the inputs. We compare the results derived from PD with the parity detection scheme’s results. We found that PD performs better than parity detection and approaches the single parameter quantum Cramér-Rao bound in some cases. Therefore, we expect that SCVS may play as an alternative quantum resource with PD for the improvement in the phase sensitivity of an MZI having potential application in quantum metrology and quantum sensing.

Background & Aims: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) converts saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids and plays an important regulatory role in lipid metabolism. Previous studies have demonstrated that mice deficient in SCD1 are protected from diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis due to altered lipid assimilation and increased energy expenditure. Previous studies in our lab have shown that intestinal SCD1 modulates intestinal and plasma lipids and alters cholesterol metabolism. Here, we investigated a novel role for intestinal SCD1 in the regulation of systemic energy balance. Methods: To interrogate the role of intestinal SCD1 in modulating whole body metabolism, intestine-specific Scd1 knockout (iKO) mice were maintained on standard chow diet or challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD). Studies included analyses of bile acid content and composition, and metabolic phenotyping, including body composition, indirect calorimetry, glucose tolerance analyses, quantification of the composition of the gut microbiome, and assessment of bile acid signaling pathways. Results: iKO mice displayed elevated plasma and hepatic bile acid content and decreased fecal bile acid excretion, associated with increased expression of the ileal bile acid uptake transporter, Asbt. In addition, the alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiome was reduced in iKO mice, with several alterations in microbe species being associated with the observed increases in plasma bile acids. These increases in plasma bile acids were associated with increased expression of TGR5 targets, including Dio2 in brown adipose tissue and elevated plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels. Upon HFD challenge, iKO mice had reduced metabolic efficiency apparent through decreased weight gain despite higher food intake. Concomitantly, energy expenditure was increased, and glucose tolerance was improved in HFD-fed iKO mice. Conclusions: Our results indicate that deletion of intestinal SCD1 has significant impacts on bile acid homeostasis and whole-body energy balance, likely via activation of TGR5.

In view of wound healing properties of moringa gum (MG) and the antibacterial activity of poly(METAC), in the present work, the antibiotic drug ofloxacin encapsulated MG-cl-poly(METAC) based hydrogel dressings were prepared by graft copolymerization reaction for better wound care. Network copolymeric structure was assessed by FESEM, AFM, EDX, 13C NMR, XRD, FTIR and DSC techniques. Swelling properties demonstrated that the network density of hydrogel dressings could be tailored as per the need of wound fluid sorption by controlling feed monomer and crosslinker content during synthesis. FESEM, AFM and XRD revealed a heterogeneous morphology of hydrogels with a rough surface and an amorphous patterns of polymeric materials. Diffusion of ofloxacin from dressing occurred by a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism in simulated wound fluid and was fitted best in First-order kinetic model. Wound dressings exhibited non-haemolytic (0.97% haemolytic potential), mucoadhesive (109.00 ± 4.00 mN peak detachment force) and antioxidant (92.94 ± 2.13% scavenging in DPPH assay) characteristics along with mechanical strength against external stress and strain. Hydrogel dressings were found to be permeable to H2O/O2 and impermeable to microbes. The synergic action of the drug and matrix with antibacterial activity can improve the wound-healing potential of the dressings. These physiological and biomedical properties pointed out the ideal character of moringa gum dressings for better wound healing.

The study was designed to determine the ameliorative potential of quercetin and catechin against the toxicity induced by co-exposure to Mancozeb (MZ) and arsenic in Wistar rats. Sixty-adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups (n=6). Group I served as control and group II was exposed to MZ [800 mg/kg, PO (per OS)]. Groups III, IV, and V were given drinking water containing sodium arsenite at the rate of 10, 50, and 100 ppb, respectively, for 28 days. Groups VI, VII, and VIII were treated with sodium arsenite in drinking water at 10, 50, and 100 ppb, respectively, along with MZ (800 mg/kg) for 28 days. Groups IX and X were given drinking water mixed with sodium arsenite at 100 ppb, MZ at 800 mg/kg, and quercetin (50 mg/kg) and catechin (50 mg/kg), respectively. Co-exposure to the toxicants (MZ and arsenic) significantly (P

Abstract We assessed the predictive value of an image analysis-based tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) score for pathologic complete response (pCR) and event-free survival in breast cancer (BC). About 113 pretreatment samples were analyzed from patients with stage IIB-IIIC HER-2-negative BC randomized to neoadjuvant chemotherapy ± bevacizumab. TILs quantification was performed on full sections using QuPath open-source software with a convolutional neural network cell classifier (CNN11). We used easTILs% as a digital metric of TILs score defined as [sum of lymphocytes area (mm2)/stromal area(mm2)] × 100. Pathologist-read stromal TILs score (sTILs%) was determined following published guidelines. Mean pretreatment easTILs% was significantly higher in cases with pCR compared to residual disease (median 36.1 vs.14.8%, p

Background and objectives: Granulomatous disorders of the skin are frequently encountered in clinical practice and require histopathological confirmation due to a considerable etiological and clinical overlap. A single histopathological pattern may be produced by many causative agents and at the same time, a single cause can present with varied histopathological patterns. The present study was performed to evaluate the histomorphological patterns of granulomas in various granulomatous skin lesions and to identify the causative agents. Methods: The study (both prospective and retrospective) was carried out in the department of pathology over 5 years. All skin biopsies were evaluated for the presence of granulomas. Detailed analysis of the histopathological pattern of granulomas was performed and categorization was made according to the type and etiology. Special stains were also used when required. A clinicopathological correlation was established with the Kappa statistic. Results: Of 1,150 skin biopsies, granulomatous skin lesions were observed in 325 cases. Histiocytic granuloma pattern was the most common subtype (55.7%). The predominant etiology of granulomatous inflammation was leprosy (93.5%), followed by cutaneous tuberculosis (2.7%). The cases of Hansen’s disease showed a maximum clinicopathological correlation (58.5%). Conclusion: Histopathological examination is the gold standard for the diagnosis and subtyping of granulomatous skin lesions. Varied morphologies of granuloma patterns were observed in our study, and infectious diseases were the causative agents in the majority of cutaneous granulomatous disorders.

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with residual disease (RD) after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) are at high risk for recurrence. Biomarkers to risk-stratify patients with RD could help individualize adjuvant therapy and inform future adjuvant therapy trials. We aim to investigate the impact of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) status and residual cancer burden (RCB) class on outcomes in TNBC patients with RD. We analyze end-of-treatment ctDNA status in 80 TNBC patients with residual disease who are enrolled in a prospective multisite registry. Among 80 patients, 33% are ctDNA positive (ctDNA+) and RCB class distribution is RCB-I = 26%, RCB-II = 49%, RCB-III = 18% and 7% unknown. ctDNA status is associated with RCB status, with 14%, 31%, and 57% of patients within RCB-I, -II, and -III classes demonstrating ctDNA+ status (P = 0.028). ctDNA+ status is associated with inferior 3-year EFS (48% vs. 82%, P

IntroductionDespite remarkable strides in global efforts to reduce maternal mortality, low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to grapple with a disproportionate burden of maternal mortality, with malnutrition emerging as a significant contributing factor to this enduring challenge. Shockingly, malnourished women face a mortality risk that is twice as high as their well-nourished counterparts, and a staggering 95% of maternal deaths in 2020 occurred within LMICs. The critical importance of addressing maternal malnutrition in resource-constrained settings cannot be overstated, as compelling research studies have demonstrated that such efforts could potentially save thousands of lives. However, the landscape is marred by a scarcity of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) specifically tailored for pregnant individuals aimed at combatting maternal malnutrition and reducing mortality rates. It is against this backdrop that our study endeavors to dissect the feasibility, adoption, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of EBIs designed to combat maternal malnutrition.MethodsOur comprehensive search encompassed eight prominent databases covering the period from 2003 to 2022 in LMICs. We began our study with a comprehensive search across multiple databases, yielding a total of 149 studies. From this initial pool, we eliminated duplicate entries and the remaining studies underwent a thorough screening process resulting in the identification of 63 full-text articles that aligned with our predefined inclusion criteria.ResultsThe meticulous full-text review left us with a core selection of six articles that shed light on interventions primarily centered around supplementation. They underscored a critical issue -the limited understanding of effective implementation in these countries, primarily attributed to inadequate monitoring and evaluation of interventions and insufficient training of healthcare professionals. Moreover, our findings emphasize the pivotal role of contextual factors, such as cultural nuances, public trust in healthcare, the prevalence of misinformation, and concerns regarding potential adverse effects of interventions, which profoundly influence the successful implementation of these programs.DiscussionWhile the EBIs have shown promise in reducing maternal malnutrition, their true potential for feasibility, adoption, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability hinges on their integration into comprehensive programs addressing broader issues like food insecurity and the prevention of both communicable and non-communicable diseases.

Background: The present study aimed to determine the impact of the toxicological interaction between mancozeb (MZ) and arsenic (As) on oxidative injury to the kidney and to compare the ameliorative potential of quercetin and catechin against the induced toxicity. Methods: Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into 10 groups (n=6). Group I served as control and group II was treated with MZ [800 mg kg−1 body weight (BW), orally (PO)]. Groups III, IV, and V were exposed to As at the rate of 10, 50, and 100 ppb, respectively, in drinking water continuously for 28 days. Groups VI, VII, and VIII were provided drinking water with As at 10, 50, and 100 ppb, respectively, together with MZ for 28 days. Groups IX and X were given As in drinking water at 100 ppb and MZ at 800 mg kg−1, BW PO along with quercetin (50 mg kg−1) and catechin (50 mg kg−1), respectively. Results: Significant (P

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a condition which affects both men and women but occurs a decade later in men as compared to women. Males constitute a very small percentage of patients who report for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. This difference may be largely because of lack of information about risk factors for secondary osteoporosis in men. In the present study, we have tried to explore the attributes of males undergoing DEXA scan at a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in males visiting the general physician outpatient department in a tertiary care institute. All study participants who were males, based on inclusion and exclusion were included in the study. DEXA scan for hip and vertebra was performed for all the participants. Results: A total of 486 males fitting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 66.98 (standard deviation: 8.55) years. Fifty-six (11.52%) of these participants had hypertension and 41 (8.43%) subjects had diabetes. Patient attributes and DEXA scan parameters of hip and vertebra showed a significant negative correlation with age and positive correlation with body mass index (BMI). Stratified analysis revealed that only 39% of individuals with a BMI of more than 25 kg/m2 had a high risk of osteoporosis (T ≤ −2) as compared to 58.4% of individuals with a BMI of

Introduction: India depicts a very high prevalence of hypertension. We need to learn more about the effect of wealth-related disparities on the prevalence of hypertension. The primary objective of this study was to assess temporal changes in the epidemiology of hypertension and associated wealth-related disparities among adults using two waves of nationally representative datasets from India. Methods: We did a secondary data analysis of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) rounds 4 and 5. We included information from the two rounds from 699,686 and 108,791 males and 92,804 and 677,803 females. Weighted analysis and multivariate binomial regression were used to depict the prevalence and predictors of hypertension. Inequalities were estimated using the concentration index (CI) and concentration curves. Results: The weighted prevalence of hypertension among males increased from 14.6% to 16.7% among males, and from 8.8% to 9.9% among females, between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5. Prehypertension rose from 43.3% to 48.3% for males, and females, from 30.2% to 36.2% between the NFHS rounds. Overall, the CI among the males (0.078 and 0.050) and females (0.102 and 0.059) decreased from rounds 4 to 5, depicting a decrease in pro-poor wealth-related inequalities in hypertension prevalence in India. Conclusions: To conclude, the current analysis depicts that inequalities due to which hypertension was more prevalent in the wealthier classes in India are slowly disappearing. Therefore, we need to target the already exhausted poor patients with limited access to health-care resources to prevent them from further shifting beyond the line of poverty before these differences narrow down further.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a spectrum of disorders that includes dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension. South Asian Indians are more prone to harbor MS at a younger age compared to Caucasians. However, there is a lack of large-scale data correlating menopause to MS in South Asian settings. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of MS and its components in pre- and postmenopausal women. It also assessed the relationship of age, menopausal status, personal and family history, anthropometric parameters, and biochemical markers to MS. Materials and Methods: It was an interim analysis of a multicountry cross-sectional study in the South Asian Federation of Menopause Society (SAFOMS) countries: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka conducted through both online and physical methods. The survey questionnaire consisted of questions about details of personal history, demographics, and family history related to MS. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, basal metabolic index (BMI), waist circumference, and blood pressure readings were noted. Relevant history, history of polycystic ovarian syndrome, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and vasomotor symptoms were enquired. Biochemical evaluation of markers associated with MS was undertaken. Results: In this interim analysis, 638 women were recruited. Out of them, 406 (63.6%) women were premenopausal and 232 (36.4%) were postmenopausal. 392 (61.4%) women had MS, while 246 (38.6%) women did not have MS. Increasing age, BMI, and visceral adiposity (waist circumference) were significantly correlated with incidence of MS. Raised fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, serum triglyceride, and reduced high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly associated with the incidence of MS in both pre- and postmenopausal women. Peri- and postmenopausal hot flashes, night sweats, and sleep disturbances were also significantly associated with MS. Personal history of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were the strongest factors to be associated with MS with a significantly high odds ratio. Conclusion: The study has highlighted the role of BMI and waist circumference as the first warning signs, which will encourage to go for regular biochemical screening through lipid profile and fasting blood glucose measurements. Our study is a stepping stone for all future studies for relation of menopause to MS.

Agriculture contributes a significant amount to the economy of India due to the dependence on human beings for their survival. The main obstacle to food security is population expansion leading to rising demand for food. Farmers must produce more on the same land to boost the supply. Through crop yield prediction, technology can assist farmers in producing more. This paper’s primary goal is to predict crop yield utilizing the variables of rainfall, crop, meteorological conditions, area, production, and yield that have posed a serious threat to the long-term viability of agriculture. Crop yield prediction is a decision-support tool that uses machine learning and deep learning that can be used to make decisions about which crops to produce and what to do in the crop’s growing season. It can decide which crops to produce and what to do in the crop’s growing season. Regardless of the distracting environment, machine learning and deep learning algorithms are utilized in crop selection to reduce agricultural yield output losses. To estimate the agricultural yield, machine learning techniques: decision tree, random forest, and XGBoost regression; deep learning techniques - convolutional neural network and long-short term memory network have been used. Accuracy, root mean square error, mean square error, mean absolute error, standard deviation, and losses are compared. Other machine learning and deep learning methods fall short compared to the random forest and convolutional neural network. The random forest has a maximum accuracy of 98.96%, mean absolute error of 1.97, root mean square error of 2.45, and standard deviation of 1.23. The convolutional neural network has been evaluated with a minimum loss of 0.00060. Consequently, a model is developed that, compared to other algorithms, predicts the yield quite well. The findings are then analyzed using the root mean square error metric to understand better how the model’s errors compare to those of the other methods.

Introduction: Corbevax was introduced by the Government of India in March 2022 for the vaccination of children between 12 and 14 years, however, there is a dearth of literature providing side effect profiles of Corbevax in the real-world/community. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the incidence and types of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of Corbevax vaccine. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among 358 children between 12 and 14 years of age who had received Corbevax vaccine at a tertiary care center in western Maharashtra from March 16 to May 31, 2022. The participants were followed-up telephonically for side effects at 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days following the first dose and second doses of vaccinations. Results: Out of 358 children of age 12–14 years who received Corbevax vaccine, almost 80% of vaccines developed mild AEFI. Overall, reactogenicity was higher after the second dose and the most common AEFI was pain in the abdomen, followed by headache and pain at the site of injection. Occurrence of AEFI after the first dose (odds ratio: 158.87, 95% confidence interval 46.58–528.28, P < 0.005) was found to be a risk factor for the development of AEFI after the second dose. Conclusion: Corbevax was introduced in India for children between 12 and 14 years, but to the best of our knowledge, till date, there is no study specifically focused of AEFI due to Corbevax in the community setting. The study findings indicate that Corbevax is a safe vaccine with few mild side effects, thus reinforcing faith in the safety profile of the vaccine.

Abstract Background Low-frequency variants play an important role in breast cancer (BC) susceptibility. Gene-based methods can increase power by combining multiple variants in the same gene and help identify target genes. Methods We evaluated the potential of gene-based aggregation in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium cohorts including 83,471 cases and 59,199 controls. Low-frequency variants were aggregated for individual genes’ coding and regulatory regions. Association results in European ancestry samples were compared to single-marker association results in the same cohort. Gene-based associations were also combined in meta-analysis across individuals with European, Asian, African, and Latin American and Hispanic ancestry. Results In European ancestry samples, 14 genes were significantly associated (q

Abstract Background Carbapenem resistance is endemic in the Indian sub-continent. In this study, carbapenem resistance rates and the prevalence of different carbapenemases were determined in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa during two periods; Pre-COVID (August to October 2019) and COVID (January to February 2021) in a north-Indian tertiary care hospital. Methods Details of patient demographics and clinical condition was collated from the Hospital Information System and detection of carbapenemases NDM, OXA-48, VIM, IMP and KPC was done by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 152 and 138 non-consecutive carbapenem resistant isolates during the two study periods respectively. Conjugation assay and sequencing of NDM and OXA-48 gene was done on a few selected isolates. Results As compared to Pre-COVID period, co-morbidities and the mortality rates were higher in patients harbouring carbapenem resistant organisms during the COVID period. The overall carbapenem resistance rate for all the four organisms increased from 23 to 41% between the two periods of study; with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae showing significant increase (p

Abstract Background Scaeva pyrastri (L.) (Diptera: Syrphidae) is a large-size Palaearctic region syrphid fly. The larval stage of S. pyrastri is aphidophagous in nature, while the adults are efficient pollinators of various crops. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the predation efficacy, biology and population growth parameters of S. pyrastri on the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as prey using age–stage-specific two-sex fertility table. Results The results showed that the mean total larval development duration was 8.31 days and the pre-adult stage was 19.82 ± 0.25 days long. In the adult stage, the mean longevity of female (18.57 ± 0.37 days) was longer than that of the male (15.50 ± 0.17 days). The adult pre-ovipositional, ovipositional and post-ovipositional periods were 4.25 ± 0.25, 8.50 ± 0.46 and 3.25 ± 0.31 days, respectively, and the mean female’s fecundity was 37.75 ± 1.16 eggs per female. The two-sex fertility table indicated that the age-specific fecundity (m x ) increased gradually peaking at the 27th day of pivotal age (2.71 eggs per day) and decreased thereafter. The life expectancy of female was observed on the 18th (20.25 days) and 19th day (16.44 days) in the female and male flies, respectively. The female attained the maximum reproductive value (v xj ) on the 25th day, which was 26.05 eggs needed to produce one individual. The population growth parameters indicated that the population had a net reproduction rate of 15.10 ± 4.19 offspring per individual and a true generation time of 28.86 ± 0.28 days. The intrinsic rate of increase was greater than zero (0.093 ± 0.011) and the finite rate of increase (λ) was greater than one (1.098 ± 0.012), which indicated that B. brassicae was the suitable prey for S. pyrastri. The values related to the number of aphids consumed by the larvae were: a net predation rate (C o ) of 377.06 ± 26.54 nymphs and finite predation rate (ω) of 19.58 ± 0.78. Conclusions Scaeva pyrastri had a considerable predatory potential and fitted well for the biological control of aphids, especially B. brassicae. However the field potential is still unknown; thus, this study will be helpful in determining the field efficacy of S. pyrastri against B. brassicae.

The risk of germline copy number variants (CNVs) in BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers in breast cancer is assessed, with CNVs overlapping SULT1A1 decreasing breast cancer risk in BRCA1 carriers.

Breast cancer (BC) with expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) protein and with overexpression/amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), termed hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2+ BC, represents ∼10% of all BCs in the United States. HR+/HER2+ BC includes HER2+ BCs that are ER+, PR+, or both ER+ and PR+ (triple-positive BC). Although the current guideline-recommended treatment combination of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies plus chemotherapy is an effective first-line therapy for many patients with HER2+ advanced disease, intratumoral heterogeneity within the HR+/HER2+ subtype and differences between the HR+/HER2+ subtype and the HR−/HER2+ subtype suggest that other targeted combinations could be investigated in randomized clinical trials for patients with HR+/HER2+ BC. In addition, published data indicate that crosstalk between HRs and HER2 can lead to treatment resistance. Dual HR and HER2 pathway targeting has been shown to be a rational approach to effective and well-tolerated therapy for patients with tumors driven by HER2 and HR, as it may prevent development of resistance by blocking receptor pathway crosstalk. However, clinical trial data for such approaches are limited. Treatments to attenuate other signaling pathways involved in receptor crosstalk are also under investigation for inclusion in dual receptor targeting regimens. These include cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, based on the rationale that association of CDK4/6 with cyclin D1 may play a role in resistance to HER2-directed therapies, and others such as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway inhibitors. Herein, we will review the scientific and clinical rationale for combined receptor blockade targeting HER2 and ER for patients with advanced-stage HR+/HER2+ disease.

Bottle gourd pomace, a waste from vegetable processing industry was used to prepare instant kheer (dessert) mix. In this study, the bottle gourd was procured from the farm, washed, grated, steam blanched and the grits were further divided into two parts. One part of grits was dried without juice extraction (BGFD- Bottle gourd fresh dried), while, the other half (BGPD- Bottle gourd pomace dried) was dehydrated after extraction of juice. The dehydrated grits were used for the preparation of kheer mix and the recipe was optimized using RSM Central Composite Design (CCD). The variables were BGFD and BGPD ranged 3–7 g. The other ingredients with the fixed quantities were milk powder (50 g), sugar (15 g), and small cardamom (1 g). The product was selected based on sensory responses like taste, colour, flavour, texture, and overall acceptability (OAA). The software suggested a kheer mix prepared using 7 g BGFD and 3 g BGPD will produce the best sensory scores. The prepared kheer mix had a moisture, TSS, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, total sugars, titratable acidity, crude protein, and crude fat content of 7.9%, 27 °B, 72.21%, 10.79%, 16.75%, 0.896% CA, 10.76%, and 7.63%, respectively. The product was rich in energy (400.55 kcal/100 g), total phenols (4.99 mg/100 g), and exhibited strong antioxidant activity (46%). The total plate count on the product on nutrient agar medium was 4.3 × 106 CFU/g. The kheer could be prepared by adding 140 mL of water to 70 g of water to kheer mix and cooking it for 10 min. Further, to see the credibility and obtain more clearer patterns, the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied. The overall variation of the BGFD and BGPD on the sensory parameters based on canonical correlation analysis was 92.5%. The sum of Principal Components PC1 and PC2 explained a very high variability (98.2%) among the studied treatments.

The use of Multimedia video content is increased rapidly in the past decade, and most multimedia video content is used by mobile phone users. Multimedia video processing consumes significant power during video compression, and thus low power multimedia video compression is essential for battery operated devices. Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) Video encoding is giving a higher compression rate and low bandwidth requirement. Conventional MPEG Video encoding architecture uses the conventional 6T memory cells to store video frames for further compression processing. The failure probability of 6T cells is significantly large (0.0988 at 600 mV supply voltage), leading to a decrease in the output quality of the encoded video. From the hybrid memory matrix formulation, it is calculated that storing higher-order MSB bits in highly stable memory cells will provide high-quality video encoding processing as compared to the conventional technique because the human eye is more susceptible to higher-order luminance bits. Hence, in this research work instant of using conventional 6T memory cells during video encoding processing, a unique Hybrid 6T/8T memory architecture is proposed, where the 8-bit Luminance pixels are stored favourably in consonance with their effect on the output quality. The higher order luminance bits (MSB’s) require high stability and thus these bits are stored in the 8T bit cells and the remaining bits (LSB’s) are stored in the conventional 6T bit cells for high-quality video encoding processing. This research article also proposes a separate memory peripheral circuitry for hybrid memory architecture for video encoding techniques. In addition, this article proposes a unique architecture for parallel video processing with the use of a hybrid pixel memory array. The failure probability of 6T and 8T at the worst failure corner (FS corner for read and SF corner for write) is simulated for 30000 Monte-Carlo simulations points at 45 nm CMOS technology node using CADENCE EDA tool. For the simulation work here, a standard Common Intermediate Format/Quarter Common Intermediate Format (CIF/QCIF) Coastguard video sample is used and for output quality here average PSNR method is used and simulation work is performed using the MATLAB tool.The worst PSNR for conventional 6T memory array and Hybrid memory array at 600 mV supply voltage shows improvement in worst minimum PSNR as 6.43 dB is calculated. 30% less power consumption to conventional memory architecture.

Portable biomedical devices are born to reach a maximum number of people at an effective cost, and because of their small size and battery operation, the impact of portable medical devices is huge. For biomedical image processing devices, it is very important to store pixel information in embedded memory, because pixel values contain critical information about the image. For this critical information storage, most embedded memories consist of static random access memory (SRAM). SRAM, which stores critical information must have a high level of stability and reliability with low power dissipation. This paper proposes a single loop single-feed 7T (SLSF7T) SRAM cell that operates in the sub-threshold region (reducing the supply voltage to reduce power dissipation) and attains a high read static margin. To evaluate the read-and-write stability of the SRAM cell, the N-curve method is adopted in this work.The proposed SLSF7T SRAM cell design offers several improvements over existing Biomedical Transmission Gate 8T (BT8T) and 9T SRAM cells. Specifically, the SLSF7T SRAM cell design shows an increase in static voltage noise margin (SVNM) by 75.86% and 75.34%, reduction in delay by 37.86% and 58.52%, and also offers less leakage power dissipation by 72% and 23.29% as compared to the BT8T and 9T cells, respectively. Along with the low power and high stability, the other most significant feature of the proposed work is its area efficiency because the proposed memory cell only consists of 7 transistors, it requires only 1.1X area overhead compared to the conventional 6T memory cell. The calculated performance matrix of the proposed cell is the highest among the considered SRAM cells for compression. The proposed cell operates in the sub-threshold region and achieves the best performance parameters for memory design for biomedical devices and applications at a 300 mV supply voltage.

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is classically defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) immunohistochemistry expression

Abstract Over the course of the last several decades, nanotechnology has garnered a growing amount of attention as a potentially valuable technology that has significantly impacted the food industry. Nanotechnology helps in enhancing the properties of materials and structures that are used in various fields such as agriculture, food, pharmacy, and so on. Applications of nanotechnology in the food market have included the encapsulation and distribution of materials to specific locations, the improvement of flavor, the introduction of antibacterial nanoparticles into food, the betterment of prolonged storage, the detection of pollutants, enhanced storage facilities, locating, identifying, as well as consumer awareness. Labeling food goods with nano barcodes helps ensure their security and may also be used to track their distribution. This review article presents a discussion about current advances in nanotechnology along with its applications in the field of food‐tech, food packaging, food security, enhancing life of food products, etc. A detailed description is provided about various synthesis routes of nanomaterials, that is, chemical, physical, and biological methods. Nanotechnology is a rapidly improving the field of food packaging and the future holds great opportunities for more enhancement via the development of new nanomaterials and nanosensors.