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Objectives: This paper aims to comprehensively analyze trends in gynecological cancers among elderly women in the United States from 1975 to 2020. Methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population data were utilized for the analysis. Annual Percentage Change (APC) and Average APC were estimated using join‐point regression to assess trends in mortality rates. Results: The study reveals an increasing pattern of incidence and mortality in all gynaecological cancer sites except cervical cancer among elderly. The incidence of cervical cancer decreased from 1975 to 2007 and then increased, whereas cancer‐specific mortality decreased from 1977 to 2020, indicating positive advancements in detection and treatment. Conclusions: Despite progress in managing certain gynecological cancers, challenges persist, particularly evidenced by increasing mortality rates for cancers in other female genital organs. This underscores the necessity for sustained research efforts and targeted interventions to address these ongoing challenges effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed at examining the prevalence of pregnancy termination by Abortion, Miscarriage, and Stillbirths (AMS) and its determinants in the state of Odisha, India. The NFHS-IV data have been used for this analysis. GIS mapping has been used for the spatial distribution of outcome variables at the district level. Univariate analysis (chi-square) and a multivariable logistic model have been used to identify the potential factors associated with AMS. Out of 8,484 pregnancy cases registered, 969 (11.4%) cases had met with pregnancy termination by AMS. Jagatsinghpur, Jajapur, Subarnapur, Kendrapara, Nayagarh, and Puri have been identified as high prevalent districts. The age group of 30-34 years is more likely of pregnancy termination than the age group 15-19 years (OR=1.254). Women who have completed secondary education have 1.568 times higher odds of pregnancy termination by AMS than those who are illiterate. Pregnancy complications show significantly higher odds (OR=1.091) of pregnancy termination. Among the trio of reasons for pregnancy termination, miscarriage cases are the most prevalent, followed by abortion and stillbirths. Potential factors like age, education, wealth index, place of delivery, and anemia are significant for AMS (p value<0.05). Hence, a robust program must be developed to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Place of delivery has major implication on decreasing maternal morbidity and mortality. India has adopted various policies to encourage institutional births, still there are large numbers of deliveries which occur at home. Thus, it is imperative to understand the risk factors associated with home deliveries among women in India. Methods: The national representative district level household data-4 (2012-13) have been used for this analysis. A multiple logistic regression model has been used to determine the significant factors associated with home deliveries. Results: A total of 22,363 live births were selected for analysis for the year 2012. Out of which 3,602 (15.4%) are found to be home delivery births, remaining are either private or government institutional births. North-east states are found to be high prevalence of home deliveries. The potential factors viz., age of women, educational level of both husband and wife, age at first birth, higher order parity and not registered for ANC check-up, etc., are significantly associated with home delivery birth preferences among women in India. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrates that targeting the significant predictors particularly education of family members and compulsory registration for ANC check-up will significantly reduce the preference for home delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decline trend of fertility is a global phenomenon of recent time and Indian is no exception to this. Fertility declined by almost a child in the last 23 years between NFHS-1 and NFHS-4 in India, however; many reasons for fertility decline are yet to be explored at present time. National Family Health Survey-4 (henceforth NFHS-4) 2015-16 data were used to study the reproductive span of ever-married women aged 15-49 years. The Cox Proportional Hazard Model has been used to identify the potential determinants associated with the reproductive span. During NFHS-3 and NFHS-4, the median age at marriage swift from 17.9 to 19.9 years. Sterilization is the primary contraceptive method among women and the age at which they adopted it decreased to 25 years. Reproductive spans of successive cohorts of women decreased from 23 years among those who married during the 1970s to 20 years among the 1980s, followed by 16 years among the 1990s, 10 years among the 2000s and 4 years among those who married in 2010-2016. Our finding demonstrates that current women are taking quick decision to end childbearing than older generations. Some critical factors such as age at marriage, number of children ever born, last birth a caesarean section (P-value < 0.05) is significantly associated with shorter reproductive span. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important cause of visual morbidity among preterm infants. The objective of the study was to assess the relationship between the initial hematological parameters of the complete blood count (CBC) and ROP development in preterm neonates., Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit in Odisha. The hematological parameters of the CBC conducted within the first 48 hours of age, demographic characteristics, neonatal morbidities, and ROP screening findings of preterm neonates (gestational age <34 weeks) were analyzed. Independent risk factors associated with ROP development were identified in a multivariate logistic regression model., Result: A total of 43 (29.1%) out of 148 neonates had any of the ROP stages (stage 1-26, 2-08, and 3-09). Birth weight (aOR 0.003; 95% CI 0.00, 0.11);hemoglobin (Hb) level (aOR 0.70; 95% CI 0.54, 0.90); presence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (aOR 7.61; 95% CI 1.5, 36.39); and need for packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion (aOR 4.26; 95% CI 1.1, 16.44) were independently associated with ROP development. The odds of ROP were higher among the neonates with initial Hb 10.5-15.4 g/dL (OR (95% CI) 3.7(1.5, 8.9), p=0.003) and for neonates with Hb 15.4-17.3 g/dL (OR (95% CI) 2.5(1.01, 6.16), p=0.047) in comparison to neonates with initial Hb >17.3 g/dL., Conclusion: Preterm neonates with a lower level of Hb during the early postnatal days are at higher risk for ROP development and need to be prioritized for screening., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethics Committee, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT issued approval KIIT/KIIMS/IEC/524/2020. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Gudu et al.)

Gynaecological cancers are the most prevalent cancers in women, making them a major public health concern for decades. Health disparities and inequalities in access to care among different racial groups have been a major concern in the US healthcare system. This study was aimed at investigating cause-specific survival rates among non-white women with gynaecological cancer and to identify risk factors associated with gynaecological cancer mortality by race. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate 5-year survival estimates and various risk factors for gynaecological cancer among non-white women were analysed using Cox proportional hazard model. The findings of this study highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve access to care and reduce health disparities for non-white women with gynaecological cancer., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Introduction: Global evidence indicates an association between poor WaSH practice and inferior health outcomes. In rural areas, this practice is predominantly compromised with limited access to safe drinking water, knowledge gaps, and unhealthy socio-behavioural practices. Suboptimal WaSH practice leads to increased vulnerability of various infections, thereby posing a challenge to the primary health care system., Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 879 participants of two villages in Tigiria block, Cuttack district, Odisha, India. Information pertaining to socio-demography, WaSH practices and self-reported morbidities were captured and analysed. Bi-variate analysis was done to assess the association between WaSH practices and any acute illnesses. Differences were considered statistically significant if p-value was less than 0.05., Results: Tube well was the main source of drinking water (49.3%) followed by dug well (46.6%). Only 7.1% of participants reported to purify drinking water and around 40% were still practicing open defecation. The prevalence of acute and chronic illnesses was 9.2% and 19.1% respectively. Major acute illnesses were respiratory diseases, diarrhoeal disorders, and musculoskeletal problems, while major chronic illnesses were gastrointestinal problems, musculoskeletal problems, and hypertension. After adjusting for age, gender, and education, a significant odds ratio of 3.79 [CI = (1.23-11.70)] was observed between drinking water source (surface water Vs tube well water) for acute illnesses., Conclusions: Poor WaSH practices among rural people make them vulnerable to acute and chronic morbidities. Health awareness and socio behavioural changes pertaining to WaSH practices need utmost priority to ensure better health for rural people of Odisha., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©2021 Pacini Editore SRL, Pisa, Italy.)