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Copyright of Jordanian Journal of Law & Political Science is the property of Mutah University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The purpose of the study was to identify the factors that influence senior management for adopting blockchain technology in the banking industry in general and Islamic banking in particular. Furthermore, the research addressed the moderating role of technological turbulence as it holds a significant hindering role. This study employed the analytical approach, and the data were collected through questionnaires distributed to several senior management employees in both the Jordan Islamic Bank and the Islamic Arab Bank. The research instrument was developed and confirmed by the experts in the field. For identifying the significance of the variables incorporated in the researchers applied structural equation modeling technique. The findings revealed that economic efficiency, bank security, customer expectations, education, training and preparation all are significant predictors of readiness for implementing blockchain technology in the Islamic banks in Jordan. The study concluded that blockchain technology should be adopted by all Islamic banks because of its advantages and also the management needs to be educated regarding the same; they should be provided appropriate training.

The purpose of the study was to identify the factors that influence senior management for adopting blockchain technology in the banking industry in general and Islamic banking in particular. Furthermore, the research addressed the moderating role of technological turbulence as it holds a significant hindering role. This study employed the analytical approach, and the data were collected through questionnaires distributed to several senior management employees in both the Jordan Islamic Bank and the Islamic Arab Bank. The research instrument was developed and confirmed by the experts in the field. For identifying the significance of the variables incorporated in the researchers applied structural equation modeling technique. The findings revealed that economic efficiency, bank security, customer expectations, education, training and preparation all are significant predictors of readiness for implementing blockchain technology in the Islamic banks in Jordan. The study concluded that blockchain technology should be adopted by all Islamic banks because of its advantages and also the management needs to be educated regarding the same; they should be provided appropriate training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the legal framework regarding the duty of public officials to disclose conflicts of interest and draw lessons from the French experience. It identifies legislative gaps in Jordanian laws concerning the duties of public officials, the nature of conflicts of interest, and the mechanisms for disclosure during and after service. Methods: This study utilized a descriptive, analytical, and comparative approach. It presented relevant legal texts defining the responsibilities of public officials, clarified the nature of conflicts of interest and their cases, analyzed and interpreted their content, and compared them with French law. Results: The prevalence of conflicts of interest can be attributed to the lack of awareness among public officials due to the omission of a mechanism for mandatory disclosure and effective methods to confront these conflicts in Jordanian legislation. Furthermore, administrative control over public officials has not been adequately activated. Conclusions: Legislative frameworks, both preventive and precautionary, are necessary to regulate the disclosure of conflicts of interest in public service. The study recommends adopting the French approach by establishing an independent administrative authority dedicated to public transparency. This authority would declare and publish employees' interests, prevent conflicts of interest, disclose, and mitigate their cases, and enhance transparency between citizens and the administration.

Summary: Corporate influence in policy and decision-making is an important public health concern. This Health Policy paper reviews Ecuador’s child malnutrition strategy instruments, approved between 2020 and 2023, to identify how private interests are becoming legally integrated into the public sector. Evidence indicates that recent changes are enabling corporations to promote their brands, gain tax deductions, oversee public policy and set priorities, allocate resources, and decide on implementation of the country’s child malnutrition strategy. Further, corporate representatives are active members of an advisory council, free from scrutiny or accountability, while being privy to undisclosed government information. Moreover, a UN agency (the World Food Program) engaged in corporate promotion of highly processed foods, illustrating the breadth of Ecuador’s corporate influence scheme. Improved regulations should set clear limits to the influence of food and beverage industries in national nutrition policy, while following transparency laws in the composition and operation of Ecuador’s child malnutrition strategy and related efforts.

This article studies different criminological perspectives that help to fathom the phenomenon of transnational corruption. To this end, we will first study the characteristics of contemporary societies from different criminological viewpoints and then explain how these contribute to the study and comprehension of transnational corruption. In addition, multiple criminological perspectives will be analyzed, such as white-collar and mass media criminology, victimology, green and maldevelopment criminology, crimes of globalization and macrocriminality, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines certain problems of legal regulation of preventing conflicts of interest in the activities of judges in Ukraine, ways to resolve it, and foreign experience of individual EU countries in this area. The methodology of scientific work is based on a system of methods of general scientific and special legal methods of cognition. The analysis of the concept of "conflict of interest" in the scientific literature, national and international legal documents, in the legislation of individual EU countries was carried out. The definition of "conflict of interest in the activities of judges" is proposed. It is argued that the public interest in the activities of judges is the public interest in ensuring that persons working in the judicial system exercise their powers and make decisions impartially, objectively and fairly. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of the application of the system of voluntary disclosure and registration by judges of a list of private interests regarding a conflict of interest. The principles, signs, types and features of the presence or absence of a conflict of interest in the activities of judges are revealed, their content is specified. The procedure for disclosing information about a conflict of interest in the activities of judges is indicated. Two ways of resolving a conflict of interest in the activities of judges are established, their problematic issues are disclosed. The types of responsibility of judges in cases of violation of legislation on conflict of interest are determined. Separate directions for improving the legal regulation of preventing and resolving conflicts of interest in the activities of judges are proposed, taking into account the positive experience of legal regulation of individual EU countries in this area.

The article examines certain problems of legal regulation of preventing conflicts of interest in the activities of judges in Ukraine, ways to resolve it, and foreign experience of individual EU countries in this area. The methodology of scientific work is based on a system of methods of general scientific and special legal methods of cognition. The analysis of the concept of "conflict of interest" in the scientific literature, national and international legal documents, in the legislation of individual EU countries was carried out. The definition of "conflict of interest in the activities of judges" is proposed. It is argued that the public interest in the activities of judges is the public interest in ensuring that persons working in the judicial system exercise their powers and make decisions impartially, objectively and fairly. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of the application of the system of voluntary disclosure and registration by judges of a list of private interests regarding a conflict of interest. The principles, signs, types and features of the presence or absence of a conflict of interest in the activities of judges are revealed, their content is specified. The procedure for disclosing information about a conflict of interest in the activities of judges is indicated. Two ways of resolving a conflict of interest in the activities of judges are established, their problematic issues are disclosed. The types of responsibility of judges in cases of violation of legislation on conflict of interest are determined. Separate directions for improving the legal regulation of preventing and resolving conflicts of interest in the activities of judges are proposed, taking into account the positive experience of legal regulation of individual EU countries in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the problems of integrated development of territories in the context of site planning, urban zoning and methods of disposal of public property: privatization, concession agreements, public-private partnerships. Current legislation, including laws of regions of the Russian Federation, was analyzed in detail and gaps in legislation were found. The paper emphasizes the need for further improvement of legislation and law-enforcement practices. The article also focuses on the withdrawal of land plots and objects located on them for the purposes of integrated development of territories and fixing rent rates. Recommendations are provided with regard to changes in existing legislation.

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zycie Weterynaryjne is the property of Polish National Veterinary Chamber and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the problems of integrated development of territories in the context of site planning, urban zoning and methods of disposal of public property: privatization, concession agreements, public-private partnerships. Current legislation, including laws of regions of the Russian Federation, was analyzed in detail and gaps in legislation were found. The paper emphasizes the need for further improvement of legislation and law-enforcement practices. The article also focuses on the withdrawal of land plots and objects located on them for the purposes of integrated development of territories and fixing rent rates. Recommendations are provided with regard to changes in existing legislation.

The article deals with the problems of integrated development of territories in the context of site planning, urban zoning and methods of disposal of public property: privatization, concession agreements, public-private partnerships. Current legislation, including laws of regions of the Russian Federation, was analyzed in detail and gaps in legislation were found. The paper emphasizes the need for further improvement of legislation and law-enforcement practices. The article also focuses on the withdrawal of land plots and objects located on them for the purposes of integrated development of territories and fixing rent rates. Recommendations are provided with regard to changes in existing legislation.

The article examines the content and features of the public interest as a category of administrative and legal science. The main features of public interest are clarified, namely: (i) it is a set of certain needs (values); (ii) there may be needs of the whole society, as well as its groups or individual citizens; (iii) is provided at the initiative of the directly interested subject or public administration; (iv) these interests are recognized by the state, can be normatively fixed; (v) aimed at ensuring human rights and freedoms; (vi) are provided by subjects of public administration. It is established that the content of public interest as an administrative-legal category follows from the essence of general interest and is individualized by the content of administrative-legal relations. Public interest is defined as a set of certain needs (values) of a person or society, aimed at ensuring and protecting human rights and freedoms and implemented in the activities of public administration. It is established that the public interest reflects the interests of society as a whole or an individual, but its needs may become significant for society as a whole. The types of public interests are distinguished depending on the sphere of realization, territory of distribution and number of persons expressing public interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In group decision-making, the consensus reaching process (CRP) is usually designed as an interactive discussion and negotiation process to guide decision-makers in modifying their opinions. In CRP, consensus measure may mean agreement among most but not all the decision-makers, and the actual or virtual moderator may provide modification suggestions with his/her own interests besides the consensus-oriented suggestions. With consideration of fuzzy consensus and private interest of the moderator, this article presents two optimal feedback mechanisms with private interest (PIFM), which aim to minimize the consensus cost with an established consensus threshold and maximize the fuzzy consensus measure with a given cost budget. First, the fuzzy consensus measure is defined by means of specificity and coverage of information granule. Then, two PIFMs based on the minimum consensus cost and maximum fuzzy consensus are proposed to obtain the optimal modified individual opinions, and these two PIFMs are equivalently transformed into the mixed 0–1 programming models. In what follows, we develop an interactive CRP based on the proposed PIFMs, where the optimal modified individual opinions are considered as the modification references in the feedback mechanism. Finally, detailed experiment studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Intellectual Property Law / Revista Română de Dreptul Proprietăţii Intelectuale is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College of Law / Al-Nahrain University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The auditing profession is based on serving the public interest and the exact knowledge regarding the public interest notion is a condition of its advancement. The professions’ commitment to support public interest is factual, a condition of its presence. The individual interest should not be predominant over the public interest and the reconciliation between them is conditional on the application of ethical and professional standards according to the public’s expectations. The ethical values promoted by the ethics code guide the auditors when a conflict arises. Thus, the Ethics Code of the profession protects as much the public interest as the private interest. The study conducted by IFAC in 2010 enables to analyse the position of member bodies in order to outline the significance of the public interest and its association with the auditing profession. The definition of the public interest confers homogeneity to a notion with a broad sense and its evaluation is done through three criteria among which the costs and benefits analysis is the main criterion. The statistical analysis performed, whose starting point was the IFAC study regarding the public interest framework, confirms the extensive meaning of the public interest significance as well as the evaluation criteria. Following the statistical analysis, the appreciation of the public interest definition as ‘too large’ does not meet consensus among the majority of participants to the study. At the same time, the mediation between criteria and their re-ranking represent the main elements of dissension. The authors conclude that the trust generated by defending the public interest is reflected upon strengthening the legitimacy of the profession.

Most modern states governed by the rule of law guarantee at the constitutional level the recognition of a person, his life, health, honor and dignity as the highest social values. However, status, what is perceived under normal living conditions as a constant or an axiom, can be significantly affected and pressured during a crisis. The issue of combating the COVID-19 pandemic, which includes, in particular, established by the state obligation to be vaccinated, is acute today. Nevertheless, as it is known, there are different views in society even on issue of voluntary vaccination, and the last one sometimes causes panic among the people. One of the serious consequences of that may be expulsion from kindergarten or school as a reaction of the state to such behavior of the individual. Clearly, that there will be further confrontations with the state institutions in litigations. Thus, it raises the question: is it permissible to restrict certain rights of that category of individuals, from the standpoint of the fundamental principles of a society where law is respected, including in particular the principles of justice and the rule of law? Is it possible to recognize the primacy of public interest over private? Wouldn't this be a disproportionate interference with personal autonomy? The purpose of the article is to clarify the balance between private and public interest, to determine the proportionality of possible restrictions on the rights of individuals, including guaranteed by Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, in the context of immunization. The results of the research show that the European Court of Human Rights recognizes the impossibility of giving a comprehensive definition of the concept of privacy guaranteed by Article 8. However, this category unambiguously is not limited by the 'inner circle' in which people can live their own personal lives and exclude any contacts with the outside world. The principles of respect for human dignity, justice, proportionality and the rule of law, especially in the area of interference with a personal autonomy are emphasized in a number of judgments and decisions. The first judgment of the European Court of Human Rights on child vaccination is in the case of Vavřička and others v. the Czech Republic, in which the court clearly ruled: requirement to those, who can be vaccinated without dangerous health risks, is proportional. It seems obvious, corresponding to common sense, that the safety of life and health of society as a whole is of paramount importance to the state, so exercising of specific individual rights may be limited as a proportionate response to a waiver of a statutory obligation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

States are primary actors in international law. The development of international relations after the Second World War and the founding of the United Nations increased the power of international organizations (IOs) in the international sphere. The distribution of competences between states and IOs is tackled in the framework of principal-agent theory, which holds that sovereign states are principals, and IOs are agents acting on the state's behalf. In terms of international law and international relations, the key international legislation regulating outer space is the Outer Space Treaty (OST). The OST contains the most important principles and guidance relating to activities in outer space. According to the OST, states coordinate their interests, whereas IOs operate in the common good and outer space is in the common ownership of all mankind. The IOs' mandate is defined in a wide-ranging and vague manner in the OST and even in practice there is no clear distinction between the competences of these two original actors and private actors - a new actor operating in outer space. The presence of another actor in outer space raises the question of whether the current regulation of outer space in international law, primarily the Outer Space Treaty, is sufficient in terms of sustainability and the capabilities of the various actors involved - states, IOs and private actors. This paper focuses on the application of principal-agent theory to outer space governance in the present day in light of this new actor and the division of competences and responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress. Journal of Young Researchers is the property of University of Gdansk / Uniwersytet Gdanskim and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)