Search

Accurate and detailed datasets are crucial for assessing climate change impacts. Regional climate models provide high-resolution simulations and are key tools but often exhibit systematic biases. Therefore, this paper presents a dataset derived from bias-corrected Eta regional model simulations and projections driven by four global CMIP5 models. The correction applied to daily precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and 2-m air temperature, was conducted on a 0.2° x 0.2° grid over South America. The dataset covers two periods: 1976-2005 (baseline) and 2006-2099 (future) under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Empirical quantile mapping was used to adjust the Eta model outputs to better match observational data. This method modified the accumulated probability curves of the Eta model outputs to align with observational curves for both baseline and future climates. Two observational datasets were used for correction and evaluation. The new dataset shows that bias correction significantly reduced the errors in the Eta simulations, especially for the frequent values of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and 2-m temperature, and also corrected the annual cycle and frequency distribution of these variables, approaching the observations. The pattern of extreme precipitation indices from the bias-corrected Eta dataset also reduced error. Bias correction was applied to future projections. The comparison against the raw Eta dataset showed that the trends of changes were preserved, but in general, the peaks of the changes were smoothed. As in the raw Eta dataset, the RCP8.5 scenario showed a higher change rate than RCP4.5. This work also revealed the large uncertainty of the observational dataset; some of the remaining errors after the bias correction were mostly due to differences between the two correction and evaluation observational datasets. The described dataset is freely available from the CNPq LattesData repository at the following link: https://doi.org/10.57810/lattesdata/WAVGSL.

O artigo tem como objeto de reflexão processos de produção de vulnerabilidade social que se associam à privação de recursos e se vinculam a direitos fundamentais negados historicamente pelo Estado a um grupo de famílias trabalhadoras que, por iniciativa autônoma, ocuparam um prédio nas proximidades da Central do Brasil, região central do Rio de Janeiro. Considerando as informações coligidas a partir de pesquisa etnográfica, destacamos as condições de vulnerabilidade social em que se encontram essas famílias em sua relação de espera e luta pelo direito à moradia do imóvel que ocupam informal e consentidamente desde 2003. Buscamos refletir ainda sobre o agravamento das condições de vulnerabilidade sob as quais vivem as famílias do Predinho pela imposição do isolamento social no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19 e para cujo enfrentamento são articuladas redes de assistência social mediadas por redes de solidariedade entre essas famílias. Destacamos também que neste processo de mediação figuram como articuladoras exemplares algumas moradoras do Predinho.

Buscou-se identificar qual o conceito que crianças de cinco e seis anos de idade, na comunidade de várzea Tapará Grande, da Amazônia paraense, em Santarém, têm sobre o que é ser criança. Participaram 15 crianças, sendo 9 meninas e 6 meninos. Para coleta dos dados foi utilizado o instrumento História pra completar. A análise dos dados realizou-se com uso da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito. Os resultados encontrados para o tema “o que é ser criança” foram analisados por grupo etário. As ideias centrais encontradas no grupo de crianças de 5 anos foram: a) a criança é pequena; b) a criança é legal e obedece aos mais velhos; c) o que a criança faz; d) utiliza-se como referência; e) o que pertence à criança; f) não saber; g) dúvidas. As ideias centrais encontradas para o grupo de 6 anos foram: a) um bebê; b) o que o bebê não faz; c) utiliza-se como referência; d) dúvida; e) afirmativa de saber o que é ser uma criança. Ambos os grupos se utilizaram como referência e trouxeram atividades para explicar o que é uma criança. As crianças de 5 anos narraram de modo mais pessoal, enquanto as crianças de 6 anos afirmaram que uma criança é um bebê e relataram atividades de um bebê. Assim, percebeu-se que os conceitos das crianças traduziram elementos do contexto de desenvolvimento, suas atividades e as relações com a família, com os espaços e pessoas da comunidade. “THE CHILD IS THE SIZE OF ME”: children riverside’s Tapará Grande/PA Abstract We sought to identify what the concept that children of five and six years of age, in the community of várzea Tapará Grande, cover from Amazon, in Santarém, Pará have about what it means to be a child. Participated 15 children, 9 girls and 6 boys. Data collection instrument was used Story to complete. The Data analysis was performed with the use of the technique of the discourse of the subject. The results founded for the topic “what it’s like to be a child” were analyzed by age group. The central ideas founded in the Group of children of 5 years were: a) the child is small; b) the child is cool and obey your elders; c) what the child does; d) uses as reference; e) that belongs to the child; f) don’t know; g) questions. The central ideas found for the Group of 6 years were: a) a baby; b) what the baby does not; c) is used as a reference; (d) doubt; e) affirmative know what being a child. Both groups were used as a reference and brought activities to explain what a child is. The Children of 5 years narrated so more staff, while the children of 6 years stated that a child is a baby and related activities of a baby. Therefore, it was noticed that the concepts of children translated elements of the context of development, yours activities and the relations with the family, with the spaces and people in the community. “EL NIÑO ES EL TAMAÑO DE MÍ”: niños ribereños del Tapará Grande/PA Resumen Se intentó identificar el concepto de lo que los niños de cinco y seis años de edad, en la comunidad de várzea Tapará Grande, dela Amazonia Paraense, en Santarém, Pará tienen sobre lo que significa ser un niño. Participaron 15 niños, 9 niños y 6 niñas. Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron historias para completar. El análisis de datos se realizan con el uso de la técnica del discurso del sujeto. Los resultados para el tema “lo es para ser un niño” se analizaron por grupo de edad. Las ideas centrales que se encuentran en el grupo de niños de 5 años fueron: a) el niño es pequeño; b) el niño es legal y obedecer a sus mayores; c) lo que el niño hace; d) utiliza como referencia; e) que pertenece al niño; f) no sé; g) preguntas. Las ideas centrales que se encontraron para el grupo de 6 años fueron: a) un bebé; b) lo que el bebé no lo hace; c) se utiliza como referencia; (d)); e) afirmativamente saben lo que significa ser un niño. Ambos grupos fueron utilizados como referencia y trae actividades para explicar lo que es un niño. Los niños de 5 años narraron lo más personal, mientras que los niños de 6 años dijo que un niño es un bebé y las actividades de un bebé. Así, se observó que los conceptos de los niños tradujeron los elementos del contexto de desarrollo, sus actividades y relaciones con la familia, con los espacios y personas de la comunidad.

A CPI da Funai/Incra, criada em 2015 pelo Congresso Nacional, correspondeu a um conjunto de ataques a direitos constitucionais mediante instauração de um processo inquisitorial que culminou na produção de outras “verdades” que orientaram, fora da esfera judicial, a produção de um cenário político-econômico de flexibilização de regras em benefício de grandes projetos agropecuários, mineradores e de construção de barragens no país. A suposta “verdade” contida no extenso relatório está pautada na apresentação de argumentos desqualificantes sobre o conhecimento sistematizado em laudos e relatórios antropológicos elaborados mediante pesquisas empíricas e em atendimento aos princípios da ética profissional da Antropologia. Nesta proposta, proponho refletir sobre os argumentos trazidos pela CPI que, ao contraporem atores sociais a interesses econômicos governamentais, têm produzido efeitos divergentes sobre a produção de conhecimento acadêmico e pela ciência. A análise por mim realizada está baseada em uma etnografia documental mediante leitura interpretativa do material documental e arquivístico produzidos por esta Comissão, em atenção às racionalidades que orientam a construção do estado nação brasileiro e aos efeitos da manipulação de aparatos políticos para atendimento a interesses distantes do que está assegurado na Constituição Federal de 1988.

Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. is a tree threatened with extinction, which has wood and medicinal potential. This study aimed to analyze the in vitro shoot regeneration in M. urundeuva, in order to increase the species multiplication. Two experiments were conducted: 1) concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 16.0 μM), in association with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.0, 1.5 and 3.0 μM), in explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl and cotyledonary node); 2) concentrations of meta-topolin (mT) (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0 and 32.0 μM) in explants (biaxillary, medial uniaxillary and apical basal nodal segment). The percentage of explants responsive to shoot regeneration, percentage of callus explants, number of shoots and shoot length were evaluated. In the first experiment, the shoot regeneration occurred only in explants of the cotyledonary node and hypocotyl type, with the highest responsiveness percentage (76.67 %) and number of shoots (1.97 and 1.63) obtained for the cotyledonary node in the presence of 3.0 μM of NAA in association with 2.0 (1.97 shoots/explant) and 4.0 μM (1.63 shoots/explant) ofmT. In the second experiment, the resolution of the obtained quadratic equation indicates that the use of basal explant with 24.59 μM of mT added to the culture medium leads to the highest number of shoots (1.86). However, despite the mT having increased the mean number of shoots, all treatments containing this cytokinin showed callus formation. As a conclusion, it is possible to regenerate shoots in M. urundeuva from the cotyledonary node using BAP in association with NAA.

In this paper, we evaluate temperature and precipitation trends over South America (SA), simulated by the regional Eta model with 20-km horizontal resolution nested to three global models: The Canadian Earth System Model Second Generation (CanESM2-ES), The Met Office Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model - Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) and the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 5 (MIROC5). The simulated trends are compared to observed trends (OBS) using six (four) extreme temperature (precipitation) indices recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices. In both simulations and OBS, extreme temperature trends over Amazon (AMZ) and Northeast Brazil (NEB) are higher than over South East SA (SESA) and West SA (WSA). Also, trends based on maximum temperatures are, in general, smaller than those based on minimum temperatures. The three downscaling simulations reproduce these features. The temperature simulations of the Eta-CanESM2 (Eta-MIROC5) show the largest (smallest) trends among the three simulations. The Eta-MIROC5, performs better than the other two simulations, reproducing the signals and the magnitudes of the extreme temperature trends, and some cooling trends over SESA, as shown in the observation. Precipitation trends from the three simulations do not compare well with observations, such as temperature trends. However, Eta-MIROC5 presents the best simulations, showing increase in the magnitude of the precipitation extremes over most of SA. The results from the three simulations presented here will be further used for the assessment of climate change projections in the SA region.

RESUMO: Este artigo relata a concepção de 15 preceptores de saúde da região Oeste do Pará - que concluíram o Curso de Especialização para Preceptores do SUS - sobre as metodologias ativas de ensino aprendizagem como estratégia de formação do profissional. As informações foram coletadas através da folha de dados sociodemográficos e roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. Para a análise das entrevistas utilizou-se a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo - DSC e como resultado verificou-se que para o preceptor de saúde as metodologias ativas são formas de facilitar o aprendizado, são técnicas, instrumentalização, que fazem pensar e raciocinar, possibilitando mudanças na sua prática pedagógica, e na sua maneira de agir frente ao cotidiano da preceptoria.

ABSTRACT: Slow-growth tissue culture allows in vitro conservation of plant genetic resources and is a complementary technique to conventional preservation methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the culture medium supplemented with sucrose, mannitol and sorbitol osmotic agents on the induction of in vitro slow growth of A. cearensis, seeking to establish alternative techniques for ex situ conservation of the species. Plants with age of 10 days were inoculated in woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with different concentrations of sucrose (87.64, 131.46, 175.28 or 262.92 mM) combined with mannitol or sorbitol at varying concentrations (0.0, 43.8, 65.73, 87.64 or 131.46 mM), solidified with 0.7% agar. The following parameters were evaluated: survival percentage, number of senescent leaves, aerial part length, root length, aerial part dry mass, root dry mass; and number of shoots. The conservation of A. cearensis was viable for up to 300 days in WPM supplemented with 262.92 mM of sucrose or the combination of 87.64 mM of sucrose with 43.80 mM of mannitol, because besides achieving a survival percentage greater than 55.0%, the plants conserved in these media presented normal development and the best appearances, with predominance of uniform green leaves during the storage process.

This article is the result of a project linked to the Institutional Program of Scientific Initiation Scholarships for Higher Education (PIBIC-EM). The program’s objective was to analyze the contributing factors for the process of reading literacy training in order to verify how young people make their choices of literary texts, as well as know the difficulties and facilities they face in contact with these genres. To do so, we used the quantitative qualitative research through the application of a questionnaire, consisting of open questions, and applied to the students of the Integrated in Information Technology and Integrated Technician in the Environment of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraíba (IFPB)/campus Sousa courses. We also analyzed the perceptions derived from the observations of the Reader Club of the same campus, in an attempt to verify how the intervention of activities that mediate literary literacy favors the stimulus to the reading formation. Based on the data analysis, we observed that the student's distance element from reading is the lack of incentive, that is, the construction of an atmosphere that surrounds him, both in the classroom and in the other environments that welcome him. To overcome this, it is necessary for the teacher to have a theoretical-methodological apparatus guiding in his classes, since mediation favors literary literacy, having as support the Receptional Method and a conception of reading that articulates the interactional to the discursive, helping in the organization and selection of texts, in order to achieve the objectives of the formation of the reader.

The cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains uncertain. The accumulation of amyloid peptides (Aβ) is the main pathophysiological hallmark of the disease. Spatial deficit is an important initial sign of AD, while other types of memory impairments that appear in later stages. The Barnes maze allows the detection of subtle alterations in spatial search by the analysis of use of different strategies. Previous findings showed a general performance deficit in this task following long-term (35 days) infusion of Aβ, which corresponds to the moderate or severe impairments of the disease. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a low-dose 15-day long treatment with Aβ peptides on spatial and non-spatial strategies of rats tested in the Barnes maze. Aβ peptides (0.5 μL/site/day; 30 pmoL solution of Aβ1–40:Aβ1–42 10:1) or saline were bilaterally infused into the CA1 (on the first treatment day) and intraventricularly (on the following 15 days) in 6-month-old Wistar male rats. Aβ infusion induced a deficit in the performance (increased latency and distance traveled to reach the target compared to saline group). In addition, a significant association between treatment and search strategy in the retrieval trial was found: Aβ group preferred the non-spatial search strategy, while saline group preferred the spatial search. In conclusion, the protocol of Aβ infusion used here induced a subtle cognitive deficit that was specific to spatial aspects. Indeed, animals under Aβ treatment still showed retrieval, but using non-spatial strategies. We suggest that this approach is potentially useful to the study of the initial memory deficits in early AD.

O cultivo in vitro de embriões zigóticos é uma técnica promissora para se avançar no estudo do desenvolvimento embrionário e da quebra da dormência de sementes. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito dos reguladores vegetais 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) e ácido naftalenoacético (ANA) no potencial morfogenético, in vitro, de embriões zigóticos de mulungu. Embriões zigóticos maduros, oriundos de sementes foram utilizados inteiros, ou seccionados em plúmula, região intermediária e radícula, sendo posteriormente inoculados em meio de cultura WPM, suplementado com combinações de BAP (0,0; 2,0; 4,0; 8,0; 12,0 e 16,0 µM) e ANA (0,0; 1,0 e 2,0 µM), acrescido de 87,64 mM de sacarose e solidificado com 0,7% de ágar. Após 30 dias, avaliaram-se a percentagem de regeneração dos embriões e ápice plumular, o número de brotos, o número de folhas, o comprimento da parte aérea dos brotos, o número de raízes e a percentagem de formação de calos oriundos da região intermediária e da radícula. É possível a regeneração in vitro de mulungu, a partir dos explantes plúmula e embriões zigóticos inteiros, cultivados em meio de cultura WPM, suplementado com 4,0 µM de BAP. Regiões intermediárias e da radícula promoveram a formação de calos compactos (96,06%), na combinação de 10,63 µM BAP e 2,0 µM de ANA.

INTRODUCTION: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a conduct used to treat some hematologic diseases and to consolidate the treatment of others. In the field of nursing, the few published scientific studies on nursing care and early hospital discharge of transplant patients are deficient. Knowledge about the diseases treated using hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, providing guidance to patients and caregivers and patient monitoring are important nursing activities in this process. Guidance may contribute to long-term goals through patients' short-term needs. AIM: To analyze the results of early hospital discharge on the treatment of patients submitted to autologous transplantation and the influence of nursing care on this conduct. METHODS: A retrospective, quantitative, descriptive and transversal study was conducted. The hospital records of 112 consecutive patients submitted to autologous transplantation in the period from January to December 2009 were revisited. Of these, 12 patients, who remained in hospital for more than ten days after transplantation, were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The medical records of 100 patients with a median age of 48.5 years (19-69 years) were analyzed. All patients were mobilized and hematopoietic stem cells were collected by leukapheresis. The most common conditioning regimes were BU12Mel100 and BEAM 400. Toxicity during conditioning was easily managed in the outpatient clinic. Gastrointestinal toxicity, mostly Grades I and II, was seen in 69% of the patients, 62% of patients had diarrhea, 61% of the patients had nausea and vomiting and 58% had Grade I and II mucositis. Ten patients required hospitalization due to the conditioning regimen. Febrile neutropenia was seen in 58% of patients. Two patients died before Day +60 due to infections, one with aplasia. The median times to granulocyte and platelet engraftment were 12 days and 15 days, respectively, with median red blood cell and platelet transfusions until discharge of three and four units, respectively. Twenty-three patients required rehospitalization before being discharged from the outpatient clinic. CONCLUSION: The median time to granulocyte engraftment was 12 days and during the aplasia phase few patients were hospitalized or suffered infections. The toxicity of the conditioning was the leading cause of rehospitalization. The nursing staff participated by providing guidance to patients and during the mobilization, transplant and outpatient follow-up phases, thus helping to successfully manage toxicity.

Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (barbatimão) is a tree belonging to the Fabaceae family, and it is commonly found in the southeastern Brazilian cerrado. The stem bark of this tree is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic agent to treat leucorrhea and diarrhea, as well as to promote wound healing (owing to the presence of proanthocyanidins). Proanthocyanidins were obtained from the ethanolic extract of S. adstringens stem bark and assessed by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet/diode array detector. The identified compounds included gallic acid, catechin, gallocatechin (GC), epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The selected markers, GC and EGCG, were simultaneously used for chromatographic validation (linearity range: 30-330 ng, equivalent to 3-33 µg/mL; r>0.998). The method showed precision (intra-day relative standard deviation [RSD]: 1.72% for GC; 1.16% for EGCG; inter-day RSD: 1.74%-2.60% for both markers), accuracy, robustness, and selectivity. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.29 µg/ml and 0.89 µg/ml for GC, and 0.88 µg/mL and 2.67 µg/mL for EGCG, respectively. In addition, S. obovatum was evaluated and showed an average of 12.2 µg/mL for GC (equivalent to 1.22% w/w) and 14.2 µg/mL for EGCG (equivalent to 1.42% w/w) in the ethanolic extract. The quantitative results were compared to those obtained for S. adstringens, which showed that the markers are present in both species.

OBJECTIVES: Oral mucositis is a complication frequently associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, decreasing a patient's quality of life and increasing the occurrence of opportunistic infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and severity of oral mucositis and to assess the correlation of this disease with the oral health of an individual at the time of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: Before transplantation, patients' oral health and inflammatory conditions were determined using the gingival index and the plaque index, which are based on gingival bleeding and the presence of dental plaque, respectively. Additionally, the dental health status was determined using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index. The monitoring of oral mucositis was based on the World Health Organization grading system and was performed for five periods: from Day 0 to D+5, from D+6 to D+10, from D+11 to D+15, from D+16 to D+20, and from D+21 to D+30. RESULTS: A total of 97 patients (56% male and 44% female) who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo between January 2008 and July 2009 were prospectively examined. The incidence of ulcerative mucositis was highest from days +6 to +10 and from days +11 to +15 in the patients who underwent autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, respectively. CONCLUSION: The data, including the dental plaque and periodontal status data, showed that these oral health factors were predictive of the incidence and severity of oral mucositis in a cohort of patients with similar conditioning regimens before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Tapirira guianensis possui grande relevância medicinal, ecológica e socioeconômica, ocorrendo em todo o território brasileiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer e determinar as melhores condições para a sua multiplicação in vitro. Os explantes, segmentos nodais, cotiledonares e epicótilos, oriundos de plântulas germinadas in vitro, foram testados em concentrações de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) e, ou, ácido naftalenoacético (ANA), em meio de cultura WPM. As características avaliadas foram a percentagem de explantes responsivos, o número de brotos e de gemas, o comprimento dos brotos e a matéria seca da parte aérea, aos 30 e 60 dias após inoculação. Foi observado que o segmento cotiledonar, nas condições deste estudo, foi o explante mais indicado para a multiplicação, não havendo indução de brotos adventícios nos epicótilos. O tratamento com 1,0 mg L-1 de BAP na ausência de ANA é o mais responsivo para a regeneração de T. guianensis.Tapirira guianensis is of great medicinal, ecological and socio-economical importance occurring throughout the Brazilian territory. The objective of this study was to establish and determine the best conditions for the in vitro multiplication of T. guianensis. The explants nodal, cotyledonary and epicotyl segments from seedlings germinated in vitro were tested in diverse concentrations of 6-benzilaminopurine (BAP) and/or napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in medium WPM. The following parameters were evaluated: the percentage of responsive explants, the number of shoots and buds, and the length of shoots and shoot dry mass at 30 and 60 days after inoculation. The cotyledonary segment, under these conditions, is the most suitable explant for the multiplication, with no induction of adventitious buds in epicotyl. The treatment with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP in the absence of NAA is the most responsive to the T. guianensis regeneration.

Yellow fever continues to be an important epidemiological problem in Africa and South America even though the disease can be controlled by vaccination. The vaccine has been produced since 1937 and is based on YFV 17DD chicken embryo infection. However, little is known about the histopathological background of virus infection and replication in this model. Here we show by morphological and molecular methods (brightfield and confocal microscopies, immunofluorescence, nested-PCR and sequencing) the kinetics of YFV 17DD infection in chicken embryos with 9 days of development, encompassing 24 to 96 hours post infection. Our principal findings indicate that the main cells involved in virus production are myoblasts with a mesenchymal shape, which also are the first cells to express virus proteins in Gallus gallus embryos at 48 hours after infection. At 72 hours post infection, we observed an increase of infected cells in embryos. Many sites are thus affected in the infection sequence, especially the skeletal muscle. We were also able to confirm an increase of nervous system infection at 96 hours post infection. Our data contribute to the comprehension of the pathogenesis of YF 17DD virus infection in Gallus gallus embryos.

Guanabara bay is an estuary environment situated in the seaboard of Rio de Janeiro state, under the coordinates 22º 40’ and 23º 00’S and 43º 00’ and 43º 20’W. Nowadays, it has an approximate area of 377 km2, it has had a reduction of 91 km2 since the discovery of Brazil, being considered one of the most polluted seacoast regions of the country. The environmental monitoring of Guanabara bay becomes increasingly necessary in order to be capable of taking effectivemeasures in its management. Therefore, the use of bioindicator organisms, like foraminifera, is an excellent tool because of their rapid response to environmental changes. The goal of this paper is to apply statistical analyses to the biotic data benthicforaminifera), aiming to observe how they behave in Guanabara bay. In November 1999, samples of bottom sediment were collected along Guanabara bay; 52 of them distributed along all the bay were used in this study. They were treated and classified according to the pattern methodology for foraminifera. For the numerical ecology, grouping analysis and indicating species analysis (ISA) were done using the programs Statistica 6.0 and PCORD. Through the groupinganalysis, it was observed the formation of groups in both samples and species. ISA showed what species is the best one toindicate the actual state of Guanabara bay - Ammonia tepida. The multivaried ecological analyses had an optimal response in the evaluation of patterns of pollution in Guanabara bay, based on benthic foraminifera.

The yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine is one of the most effective human vaccines ever created. The YF vaccine has been produced since 1937 in embryonated chicken eggs inoculated with the YF 17D virus. Yet, little information is available about the infection mechanism of YF 17DD virus in this biological model. To better understand this mechanism, we infected embryos of Gallus gallus domesticus and analyzed their histopathology after 72 hours of YF infection. Some embryos showed few apoptotic bodies in infected tissues, suggesting mild focal infection processes. Confocal and super-resolution microscopic analysis allowed us to identify as targets of viral infection: skeletal muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, nervous system cells, renal tubular epithelium, lung parenchyma, and fibroblasts associated with connective tissue in the perichondrium and dermis. The virus replication was heaviest in muscle tissues. In all of these specimens, RT-PCR methods confirmed the presence of replicative intermediate and genomic YF RNA. This clearer characterization of cell targets in chicken embryos paves the way for future development of a new YF vaccine based on a new cell culture system.

The use of avian animal models has contributed to the understanding of many aspects of the ontogeny of the hematopoietic system in vertebrates. However, specific events that occur in the model itself are still unclear. There is a lack of consensus, among previous studies, about which is the intermediate site responsible for expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, and the liver's contribution to the development of this system. Here we aimed to evaluate the presence of hematopoiesis in the yolk sac and liver in chickens, from the stages of intra-aortic clusters in the aorta-genital ridges-mesonephros (AGM) region until hatching, and how it relates to the establishment of the bone marrow. Gallus gallus domesticus L. embryos and their respective yolk sacs at embryonic day 3 (E3) and up to E21 were collected and processed according to standard histological techniques for paraffin embedding. The slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Lennert's Giemsa, and Sirius Red at pH 10.2, and investigated by light microscopy. This study demonstrated that the yolk sac was a unique hematopoietic site between E4 and E12. Hematopoiesis occurred in the yolk sac and bone marrow between E13 and E20. The liver showed granulocytic differentiation in the connective tissue of portal spaces at E15 and onwards. The yolk sac showed expansion of erythrocytic and granulocytic lineages from E6 to E19, and E7 to E20, respectively. The results suggest that the yolk sac is the major intermediate erythropoietic and granulopoietic site where expansion and differentiation occur during chicken development. The hepatic hematopoiesis is restricted to the portal spaces and represented by the granulocytic lineage.

Episodic memory reflects the capacity to recollect what, where and when a specific event happened in an integrative manner. Animal studies have suggested that the medial temporal lobe and the medial pre-frontal cortex are important for episodic-like memory formation. The goal of present study was to evaluate whether there are different patterns of expression of the immediate early genes c-Fos and Zif-268 in these cortical areas after rats are exposed to object recognition tasks with different cognitive demands. Male rats were randomly assigned to five groups: home cage control (CTR-HC), empty open field (CTR-OF), open field with one object (CTR-OF + Obj), novel object recognition task (OR) and episodic-like memory task (ELM) and were killed one hour after the last behavioral procedure. Rats were able to discriminate the objects in the OR task. In the ELM task, rats showed spatial (but not temporal) discrimination of the objects. We found an increase in the c-Fos expression in the dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) and in the perirhinal cortex (PRh) in the OR and ELM groups. The OR group also presented an increase of c-Fos expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Additionally, the OR and ELM groups had increased expression of Zif-268 in the mPFC. Moreover, Zif-268 was increased in the dorsal CA1 and perirhinal cortex only in the ELM group. In conclusion, the pattern of activation was different in tasks with different cognitive demands. Accordingly, correlation tests suggest the engagement of different neural networks in the object recognition tasks used. Specifically, perirhinal-dentate gyrus co-activation was detected after the what-where memory retrieval, but not after the novel object recognition task. Both regions correlated with the respective behavioral outcome. These findings can be helpful in the understanding of the neural networks underlying memory tasks with different cognitive demands.

Syngonanthus mucugensis é uma espécie ornamental com grande potencial econômico, devido à arquitetura de suas inflorescências e por estas apresentarem grande durabilidade mesmo depois de coletadas. O processo de enraizamento constitui uma etapa crucial para a aclimatização S. mucugensis, uma vez que a espécie apresenta sistema radicular deficiente impossibilitando o sucesso desta etapa. Este trabalho teve como objetivo otimizar a produção e melhorar a qualidade das raízes no cultivo in vitro, visando o sucesso da aclimatização. Plantas previamente estabelecidas in vitro, apresentando cerca de 1,5 cm de comprimento, com enraizamento irregular, tiveram suas raízes cortadas e foram submetidas a tratamento de indução radicular. As plantas foram inoculadas individualmente em tubos de ensaio contendo 15 mL de meio de cultura MS½ (Murashige e Skoog, 1962), suplementado com 3% de sacarose, diferentes concentrações de AIB (0,0; 1,23; 2,46; 4,9 µM) e solidificado com 0,6% de ágar. As culturas foram mantidas em sala de crescimento com temperatura de 25 ± 3ºC, sob fotoperíodo de 16 horas, com umidade relativa de 60% e radiação fotossintética ativa de 40 µmol.m-2.s-1. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 2 x 4 (planta com e sem raízes x concentrações de AIB), com dez repetições e cada repetição constou de três tubos. Aos cento e vinte dias da inoculação foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: comprimento da maior raiz (mm), número de raízes formadas e matéria seca das raízes (mg). A maior média (18,76) para o número de raízes formadas foi na presença de 4,9 µM de AIB em plantas com as raízes cortadas, ocorrendo o mesmo para o comprimento da raiz (20,52 mm) e para a matéria seca das raízes (16,63 mg). Estes resultados indicam que a concentração 4,9 µM de AIB favorece o incremento das raízes em Syngonanthus mucugensis.

Syngonanthus mucugensis pertence à família Eriocaulaceae, está entre as espécies do gênero Syngonanthus com grande valor ornamental e alto valor econômico devido ao belíssimo aspecto das inflorescências. As quais apresentam textura paleácea com cor bege e inflorescência em forma de capítulos com flores muito pequenas. É uma espécie endêmica da região da Chapada Diamantina, localizada mais precisamente na Serra do Sincorá, mas devido ao extrativismo encontra-se ameaçada de extinção. O cultivo in vitro de S. mucugensis (sempre-viva) tem por meta viabilizar o aumento da produtividade, utilizando técnicas de cultura de tecidos vegetais que permitem a coleção de germoplasma, preservação e o cultivo em escala comercial (Paixão-Santos et al., 2006). A análise da interferência do potencial osmótico constitui um processo importante na micropropagação e na conservação in vitro de germoplasma à medida que está associada à absorção de nutriente e H2O, interferindo nas reações metabólicas e, portanto, nos processos morfológicos e fisiológicos da planta. No processo de conservação in vitro é necessário que as plantas tenham o crescimento reduzido, ou seja, que a sua atividade metabólica seja reduzida, contudo sem afetar sua viabilidade, isto pode ser alcançado alterando-se o potencial osmótico do meio de cultura, reduzindo então a disponibilidade de água (Castro e Hilhorst, 2004). A conservação in vitro possui grande importância não só sob o ponto de vista econômico como também prático, possibilitando a manutenção da fidelidade genética, além de facilitar a disponibilidade de material para o melhoramento genético e o intercâmbio de germoplasma (Withers e Williams, 1998; Faria et al., 2006). Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do potencial osmótico do meio de cultura na germinação e crescimento in vitro de Syngonanthus mucugensis, permitindo o estabelecimento de estratégias para a conservação in vitro.

S. mucugensis é conhecida popularmente como sempre-viva, devido à aparência das flores, as quais permanecem com aspecto vivo durante muito tempo após terem sido coletadas, por isso possuem grande interesse ornamental e alto valor econômico. Muitas espécies ocorrem nas regiões montanhosas da Venezuela e do Brasil, onde o centro de diversidade genética situa-se na Cadeia do Espinhaço, entre os Estados de Minas Gerais e Bahia (Giulietti et al., 1998; Scatena et al., 2004), de onde são extraídas indiscriminadamente as flores das espécies de maior importância econômica em decorrência do declínio de atividades mineradoras, afetando de forma significativa o ciclo reprodutivo dessas espécies e sua disponibilidade em campo. Essas áreas possuem baixos índices de capacidade suporte e uma flora com diversos mecanismos de resistência, adaptada à vida em situações extremas, principalmente com relação ao déficit hídrico (Joly, 1970). Dentre as técnicas de culturas de tecidos, a micropropagação apresenta vantagens para a obtenção de um grande número de plantas sadias e de alta qualidade em pequeno espaço físico e em curto tempo, independentemente de fatores climáticos limitantes. Alguns fatores no cultivo in vitro precisam ser ajustados para que possam proporcionar as melhores condições para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. Entre esses fatores encontrase o pH do meio de cultura, que pode ter efeitos diretos ou indiretos, portanto é necessário adequá-lo de forma a manter as condições favoráveis aos cultivos. Segundo Caldas et al. (1998) valores mais baixos dificultam a utilização do amônio, enquanto valores mais altos diminuem a utilização do nitrato. Durante o crescimento das células, o pH do meio se altera à medida que diferentes íons são absorvidos pelas células e os produtos metabólicos são excretados para o meio. Um outro fator que influencia o crescimento das culturas é o estado físico do meio de cultura, podendo este ser líquido ou sólido. De acordo com Caldas et al. (1998) é possível que as concentrações ótimas de sais, num meio sólido, sejam mais elevadas do que as concentrações ótimas para o crescimento em meio líquido, em virtude das restrições da velocidade de difusão de nutrientes que o meio sólido impõe. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do pH no crescimento das plantas de S. mucugensis em meio de cultura líquido e sólido.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyse pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) and urinary and anal incontinence (UI and AI) in the postpartum period. METHOD Cross-sectional study carried out with women in their first seven months after child birth. Data were collected through interviews, perineometry (Peritron™), and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). RESULTS 128 women participated in the study. The PFMS mean was 33.1 (SD=16.0) cmH2O and the prevalence of UI and AI was 7.8% and 5.5%, respectively. In the multiple analyses, the variables associated with PFMS were type of birth and cohabitation with a partner. Newborn’s weight, previous pregnancy, UI during pregnancy, and sexual activity showed an association with UI after child birth. Only AI prior to pregnancy was associated with AI after childbirth. CONCLUSION Vaginal birth predisposes to the reduction of PFMS, and caesarean section had a protective effect to its reduction. The occurrence of UI during pregnancy is a predictor of UI after childbirth, and women with previous pregnancies and newborns with higher weights are more likely to have UI after childbirth.AI prior to pregnancy is the only risk factor for its occurrence after childbirth. Associations between PFMS and cohabitation with a partner, and between UI and sexual activity do not make possible to conclude that these variables are directly associated.

Tailings disposal in the form of diluted slurries has a tendency for particle size segregation, where coarse particles settle near the discharge point, and finer particles are carried by the water flux to more distant regions. This causes a loss of reservoir capacity due to voids between the coarser particles and increased water content in the deposit. This work aimed to evaluate the feasibility of reaching non-segregable high-density slurries with fine tailings from the niobium oreflotation process and measure its disposal parameters. The innovation is to achieve increased solids percentage in the settled deposit and to avoid particle size segregation along the slurry path with niobium tailings. The study involved physical, chemical, and mineralogical characterization and semi-pilot thickening tests to produce enough volume of underflow with different bed heights and solids flux rates. Slump, rheology, and flume tests were performed to evaluate underflow disposal characteristics. The results indicated that the thickener bed height did not significantly influence the underflow solids content, yield stress, or slump. The solids flux rate, on the other side, had a greater influence—the higher it was, the lower the solids content, yield stress, and disposal angle, along with a higher slump. In flume tests, a high density of non-segregable tailings slurry was achieved with 1.96 t/m3, corresponding to an underflow with 66.8% solids, 43.9 Pa of yield stress with 0.5 (t/h)/m2, and 0.5 m of bed height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]