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The purpose of this guide is to assist remediation service providers, auditors, local governments, health professionals, environmental regulators and other responsible parties to develop and implement plans for remediation using an evidence-based understanding of residents’ perceptions and acceptance of remediation technologies. The guidance is relevant to both remediation planning and community engagement planning. The guidance within this document should be considered in conjunction with guidance in the National Remediation Framework, and any relevant state specific remediation policies and guidelines. The development and associated research for the guide was funded by the Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), and is part of CRC CARE's Best Practice Policy program, which is developing new principles, indicators and strategies to support the development of new policy frameworks for remediation that effectively and positively engage with communities. The guidance, and evidence-base, were developed by a team of researchers from the Institute for Sustainable Futures at the University of Technology Sydney; the Institute for Choice at the University of South Australia; and King’s College London. With support from the SA Environment Protection Authority, NSW Environment Protection Authority, Orica, Thiess Services, GHD Australia, LandCorp West Australia, NSW Health, and Queensland Health. The unique evidence-base used to construct this guidance document has been internationally peer reviewed, and is drawn from a detailed study of the perceptions and acceptance of different remediation technologies by 2953 Australian residents, 2009 of whom lived near 13 contaminated sites across Australia. The sites were located in New South Wales, South Australia, the Australian Capital Territory, Tasmania, Queensland and Victoria. The 13 sites had a range of recognised environmental contaminants present, including solvents, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, asbestos and putrescible waste.

© 2018 Institute of Australian Geographers While the links between contaminated sites and adverse effects on human health and well-being are being increasingly recognised, some argue that the magnitude of the health problem is inadequately addressed because it is largely invisible. Health geographies literature has sought to highlight this invisibility by focusing on the link between contaminated sites and health. This study adds to health geographies by presenting unique insights into the geography of residents' worry about the disruptive effect of environmental contamination on health and well-being. It analyses a sample of residents (n = 485) living near 13 contaminated sites across Australia. Ordinal logistic regression analysis of closed-format survey questions was combined with coding of open-ended survey questions to reveal the geography of residents' worry about contamination from nearby sites. First, the study explores some of the main relationships between residents, their environs, and contaminants from nearby source sites, which determines their levels of worry: residents' demographics, residents' proximity to sites, contaminant boundaries and borders, and type of contaminant. Second, the study investigates how worry affects residents' health and well-being, ranging from effects on their personal functioning through to their sense of ontological security, which depends in part upon their perceptions of contaminants' impacts. Despite having identified a range of diverse and negative effects of worry about contamination on residents, we found that worry for contamination can also prompt coping strategies and problem-solving, reinforcing the need for more research on this subject.

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Forms of commercial sex extend beyond prostitution to include a broad range of businesses that produce sexual goods and services; many of these cater to a broader range of sexual predilections, and include Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex (LGBTI) consumers among their clientele. This article provides an overview of the shifting attitudes toward and culture of LGBTI commercial sex, and how the placement and access to LGBTI commercial sex within Western jurisdictions cannot be considered a simple response to patterns of supply and demand, but rather as the outcome of complex interactions of moral codes, legal structures, and other forms of regulations.

Law is a powerful influence on people and place. Law both creates and is created by the relationship between people and place, although it rarely acknowledges this. Law frequently operates as if space does not matter. Law and legal processes, therefore, deserve greater attention from geographers. Legal geography is an emerging field of inquiry that facilitates much-needed attention to the interrelationships among the environment, people and social institutions, including formal laws but also informal rules, norms and lore. Legal geographers seek to make the invisible visible: to bring the law into the frame of geography, and space and place into focus for the law. Both critical and applied in approach, legal geography offers descriptive, analytical and normative insight into economics, justice, property, power, geopolitics, governance and scale. As such it can enrich most areas of geographic inquiry as well as contribute to current policy debates about the regulation of space and place. Legal geography is a way for enlarged appreciations of relationality, materiality, multiscalarity and agency to be used to interrogate and reform the law. This introduction to a special 'themed paper' section of Geographical Research provides a window on legal geography scholarship, including its history, contribution and ambition. The papers in the collection explore issues grounded in the legal geographies paradigm, variously analysing matters empirically detailed while engaging in broader, theoretical debates and using both Australian and international case studies. © 2013 Institute of Australian Geographers.

This article explores two questions through original primary research. First, can brothels be âgood neighboursâ in planning terms? That is, what kind of amenity impacts, if any, do sex services premises have upon the people living nearby? Second, do the different approaches adopted by two councils in New South Wales, Australia, matter in terms of amenity impacts, but also in attitudes to sex services premises? It is argued that brothels appear to generate minimal or neutral amenity impacts regardless of the regulatory approach adopted by council. However, the legal approach adopted by the different councils has contributed to the organisation and expression of the moral attitudes of local residents to sex services premises.

Culture has become increasingly important in regeneration processes designed to deal with urban futures. Urban regeneration processes in which culture has played a prominent role range from large-scale public investments in cultural facilities and artefacts as `hallmarks of urban regeneration projects (e.g. Guggenheim Bilbao), through to the use of `one shot cultural events such as the Olympic Games as a catalyst and engine for regenerating urban areas. The aim of this paper is to examine the association between social capital (SC), local communities and the culture-led regeneration process at Sydney Olympic Park (SOP), New South Wales, Australia. The catalyst for the transformation of an industrial wasteland into SOP was the awarding of the Olympics to Sydney in 1993. A convenience sample of 47 professional reports associated with the regeneration process at SOP between 1993 and 2010 were analyzed, the aim being to understand how local communities had been linked to the regeneration process through SC. Results from the analysis identified three principal associations between SC, local communities and the ongoing SOP regeneration process. The first association related to how, during the early years of the regeneration process, SC was used as a means of expressing concern about how governance mechanisms implemented at SOP might adversely impact the ability of local communities to engage in decision making that affected their local environment.

In the 1970s, scholars of the (natural and built) environment tended to explore the deep connections between personal identity and the landscape, defined as "the arrangement in physical space of artefacts and activity," with reference to relatively stable and traditional phenomena such as family, religion, and social structures. While it was acknowledged that humans engage in relational processes with their environment(s) and that individual and social identity can alter as a result of changes in the physical setting in which it was acted out, the normative dimensions of human interactions with spaces and the consensus meanings associated with what James S. Duncan, Jr called "very public landscapes" received disproportionate attention. This contrasted sharply with the radical approach adopted by scholars of tourism in the very same decade

This book is part of a two-volume set that examines prostitution and sex trafficking on a global scale, with each chapter devoted to a particular country in one of seven geo-cultural areas of the world. The 18 chapters in this volume (Volume I) are devoted to examination of the commercial sex industry (CSI) in countries within Africa, Asia, Middle East, and Oceania, while the 16 chapters that comprise Volume II focus exclusively on Europe, Latin America, and North America. Volume II also includes a "global" section, which includes chapters that are globally relevant -- rather than those devoted to a particular country or geographic location. The contributors are comprised of international scholars representing a variety of fields and disciplines, with distinct and varied frames of reference and theoretical underpinnings with regard to the commercial sex industry.

This paper uses survey data to investigate the community impacts of relatively liberal planning regulation of sex industry premises that has been instituted in Sydney. In this, it explores the contested relationship between community attitudes to sex premises, planning controls over such premises, and real world impacts arising from the application of these controls. The paper first looks at how the range of planning impacts from sex industry premises that were perceived in the past have framed the construction of present planning controls to regulate the sex industry in two Sydney local government areas (one inner and one middle). Survey perceptions of a sample of current residents and commercial firms located close to sex industry premises about possible impacts, as well as perceptions of sex premises in general, are described. The scope of impacts and perceptions measured draws on a range of research from legal studies, property and planning studies, and sociology. The findings are set against the operative planning controls and the assumptions and desired outcomes inherent in them in order to evaluate the appropriateness of the controls. The paper concludes with suggestions for amendments to controls that more closely reflect community perceptions of actual sex industry impacts rather than perceptions of assumed impacts, and reflections on the nature of the intersection of community attitudes to sex premises, planning controls, and the ensuing level and type of actual community impacts.

Australia is a notably majoritarian society, where the 'majority' is defi ned as white, heterosexual and Christian. At crucial periods in Australian history tensions involving minorities that did not conform to majoritarian expectations have fl ared up. The late nineteenth century was rife with racist and religionist tensions, particularly focused on the Chinese community, which influenced the Federation (1901) agenda for Australia. Th is agenda, enshrined in legislation such as the Immigration Restriction Act (1901) and other Acts constituting the White Australia Policy, determined Australian immigration until the late 1960s. Sexual minorities, particularly gays and lesbians, have not generally posed the overt and public challenge to 'Australian values' that alien ethnic and religious groups have. However, there are important synergies between the two cases and the challenges they pose for mainstream Australia. What is central to majoritarian Australia is peripheral to them; what is normative is alien. Th eir communities gather in areas that are 'undesirable' or unwanted by the establishment, and their 'deviant' practices take place in mysterious, substantially hidden locations. Th is paper examines two case studies of communities that challenged majoritarian Australia, and the places and constructed spaces associated with them in Sydney. The fi rst case study is focused on the late nineteenth- And early twentieth- century Chinese community and the two temples in which the Chinese carried on their religious life; Sze Yup in Glebe (1904) and Yui Ming in Alexandria (1909). The witch-hunt against the Chinese culminated in a Royal Commission in 1891, which exonerated them on all counts (opium addiction, sexual immorality, and stealing the jobs of whites). The second case study examines the police raids on Club 80, a gay male venue that was located at various addresses in the inner city suburb of Darlinghurst. Th is witch-hunt was the last gasp of a long campaign waged by conservative elements of society against homosexuals in Sydney. The fi rst Gay Mardi Gras parade in 1978 and the ultimate failure to close venues like Club 80 signalled profound social change. Th is research is a signifi cant contribution to scholarship in that it establishes important parallels between deviant ethnic religion and deviant sexuality, and raises questions concerning what is regarded as decent and indecent, central and peripheral, healthy and unhealthy, normal and abnormal, 'other' and 'same,' and safe and dangerous, in the Australian context. Th ese issues are located within Australia's emerging multiculturalism and multi-faith, post-Christian religious landscape, and Sydney's emerging reputation as one of the premier gay cities of the world.

The rapid growth of Australian cities throughout the 19th and 20th centuries saw the emergence of a long-running tension between processes of urbanisation and industrialisation. Urbanisation is characterised by an increase in the number of people who chose to call the city their home. In this case, simultaneous industrialisation provided new residents with much-needed employment whilst locating noxious and polluting industries on their doorstep. This paper presents findings from an Australian research project that investigates how residential communities experience and perceive industrial contamination that modern urban planning has so vehemently sought to protect them from. It presents evidence on how such contamination can disrupt, challenge or completely invert the way in which residents approach their neighbourhood and home. This research addresses a gap in the literature, analysing the topic within the Australian context. This paper presents findings from a random telephone survey conducted with 400 suburban residents in the North Lake Macquarie area of New South Wales (NSW), living in proximity of industry, including a lead and zinc smelter. This research expands on the existing literature of Edelstein and others, to explore the psychosocial turbulence that emerges when the lifescape of suburban neighbourhoods in the Australia are contaminated by the toxicity of industries in this case the smelter has contaminated both the industrial land itself and the surrounding suburbs. Lifescape can be broadly defined to describe the individual habits and collective behaviour and assumptions that make up everyday life in local areas. Psychosocial turbulence extends from potential effects on peoples patterns of living, activities and relationships, through to their sense of health, security and safety, and their feeling of personal control.

The Australian experience: A comparitive analysis of the effects of contamination and its remidiation on individuals and communities at two Australian sites (CRC CARE Technical Report no.17)

While the ongoing development of suburbia in Australia has undoubtebdly seen many key moments, few have been as radical and iconic as that represented by the design and marketing of the Kingsdene Estate in Carlingford, NSW. Initiated by the Lend Lease Corporation under the impetus of founder and managing diretor G.J. Dusseldorp in 1960, and included in the RAIA 20th Century Register of Significant Buildings in September 2006, the Kingsdene Estate marks an important innovation in the history of speculative suburban development from three particular perspectives. Firstly, and responding to the considerable migration rates of the late `50s and early60s, and to the increased demand for home ownership at this time, Dusseldorps intention, though still aimed at the consumer `off-the-peg market, was to go beyond the `standard spec-built house of the period to produce repeatable model houses of superior quality. To this end he employed as his designers a group of young and forward-thinking architects whose work here effectively launched the `project home into the commercial market. Secondly, and from a planning and sub-division perspective, Dusseldorps strategy was based on a strict commitment to rational and testable criteria for the efficient use of land. Finally, and from a marketing perspective, the Kingsdene Estate adopted a campaign that has rarely, if ever, been equalled. Undertaken as a joint venture between the Lend Lease Corporation and Australian Consolidated Press Holdings Pty Ltd (ACP), the developers drew heavily on the resources of The Australian Womens Weekly, The Daily Telegraph and TCN Channel Nine to offer blanket publicity for the venture. Drawing on a range of contemporary newspaper and magazine sources, and on unpublished interviews with key protagonists conducted by Mr Geoff Ferris-Smith in the early `90s, the paper explores the unique combination of these three key strategies in the making of a major Sydney suburban subdivision.

There is little research available on individual and community experiences of environmental contamination in Australian urban areas. However, international research suggests that the health impacts for individuals and communities living near contaminated sites are significant and complex and extend beyond the risk of immediate physical harm to impact on the psychological health of both individuals and communities. This paper presents the findings of one component a resident survey of a mixed method social research project that seeks to address this research gap. A random telephone survey was conducted in early 2009 with 400 residents living in proximity to the Botany Industrial Park (BIP) and Southlands contaminated sites in the southern suburbs of Sydney. The paper presents the findings from two of the themes that the survey investigates, namely the impact of the contamination on the `lifescape of residents living near the site, and the sense of stigma associated with contamination and whether this might be transformed by the remediation process. We suggest that a better understanding of community experiences and responses can inform the future management and remediation of contaminated lands. We hope that improvements in these processes can contribute to the alleviation of potentially negative impacts on peoples health and wellbeing.

The Latrobe Valley has substantial brown coal deposits which are currently mined for use in coal-fired power stations which supply 85% of Victoriaâs electricity. This paper considers the role that industrial ecology could play in underpinning the future structure (2050-2100) of the Latrobe valley industry base in a carbon-constrained world. Potential future scenarios for industry clusters were developed around three themes: bio-industries and renewables (no coal usage); electricity from coal with carbon capture and storage (low to high coal use options exist within this scenario); coal to products (e.g. hydrogen, ammonia, diesel, methanol, plastics, char with medium to high overall coal use relative to current levels). This research uses life cycle thinking to characterise the potential water, greenhouse gas and property rights impacts across life cycle stages.

The gay bathhouse played a central role in the battle for gay liberation in Sydney during the latter part of the twentieth century. Utilising fifty in-depth interviews, as well as extensive archival research, this article provides an insight into how the evolving public domain of Sydney's gay bathhouses fostered the experiences of gay men and contributed to the development of a vibrant, validated homosexual culture within the city. The dynamic nature of these spaces allowed gay men an unprecedented opportunity to develop, experience and express, individual and collective sexual identities and practices.

Given the conspicuous and wide-ranging effects emanating from planning, this paper takes as its starting point the proposition that all planning, not least that directed at Australian cities, must address and resolve the issue of legitimacy in terms of what justifies its decisionmaking and intervention(s). Specifically focusing on the discipline of social planning, with its complex relationships with that segment of the real world that we call `social reality or `social practice, the paper argues that such planning must justify its legitimacy not only in terms of its actions and consequences, but, more significantly, on the basis of a substantive and critical examination of the values, knowledge, politics and ideologies that have underpinned its emergence throughout the 20th century and that currently inform and drive it.

This paper explores shifts and internal perceptions of social planning practice in Australia against the background of the professions past, present and future. With the majority of people in Australia living in urban areas, most social planning occurs and is implemented in Australias cities. For this reason and also because it has a great deal of interdependence with the field of urban planning the present and future of social planning practice has a critical role to play in the future of Australian cities.

In a time of climate change, cities are challenged by the twin demands of reduced carbon emissions and the provision of a potable water supply. Meanwhile our governance and legal frameworks are inadequately prepared for the emergent trade in carbon property rights and water property rights. Such instances are compounded when legal frameworks from developed economies are applied to developing nations, particularly those with a reliance on customary structures. The key contribution to the body of literature is our highlighting of inappropriate reliance on legal precedent to explain emergent rights (which sees them wrongly described in a climate changed world) and the evolution of a coherent model of the constellation of carbon property relations and interests.

The word 'community' resonates throughout our lives. Community embraces a quaiity of life that seems universally valued. Whilst none of us seem to agree on its definition, we all have a sense of when it is absent or present. In recent decades there has been a growing sense that much of the development - emerging urban sprawl - on the fringes of Austraiian cities does not adequately support or encourage the deveiopment of community. This mounting concern for community, combined with the rise of sustainability - environmental, economic and sociai - as a core component in urban development, has led to the emergence of an increasing number of master planned communities that seek to offer new residents 'sustainable' communities, (vibrant' communities, 'liveable' communities and so on. Whilst some of these offers are iittle more than enticing marketing campaigns, others are based on genuine attempts to encourage the growth and emergence of 'sustainable' communities.

In the course of its ongoing development, planning in Australia, as elsewhere in the world, has undergone an increasing ;process of professionalisation. Like medicine, law, engineering or accounting it has its own formal qualifications, based upon education and examinations, and its own regulatory bodies with powers to admit and discipline members. The paper begins by exploring a growing awareness of the notion of 'diverse communities', both in terms of the communities that the planning professionals serve, and the way in which the planning profession itself is increasingly being made up of diverse communities of planning specialists. Drawing, along with a range of other documentary sources, on a series of inquiries conducted over the last decade and inquiring into planning education and employment (NSW Department of Planning 2006; Planning Institute of Australia 2004; Ourran et al. 2008), the paper explores some of the key debates andlor tensions which have emerged repeatedly within these documents concerning the type of education that planning programs within universities are expected, assumed or perceived to play in the provision of planning education to the growing diversity of specialist communities of interest that make up the Australian planning profession (Ourran et al. 2008 p4).

The concentration of disadvantage in specific neighbourhoods is a widespread characteristic of many Australian cities. To redress these concentrations of disadvantage a broad range of policies and programs have been designed and implemented. It has become apparent that more integrative forms of governance involving all levels of government, the private sector and community are required to address localized disadvantage which support a bottom up approach rather than the traditional top down approach. Within the Australian context, in particular the NSW context, local governments have been identified amongst the most effective drivers for these integrative governance approaches. In driving these initiatives local governments are faced with the task of balancing their traditional role of local government with the provision of a framework for more integrative forms of governance. Utilizing a case study of the Penrith Neighbourhood Renewal Program local action planning process, this paper explores the recent attempts by Penrith City Council to develop a framework to redress neighbourhood disadvantage, firstly by developing an integrative governance framework for the program and secondly by transforming the Councilâs operational structure.

The aim of this brief paper is to develop an awareness of the role that sexuality plays in spatial development of our cities as contested terrains, through an investigation of the emerging dynamic relations be!ween homosexual. gay and queer culture, and urban space within Sydney in the 20lhand early 21 ,I century, which has seen these evolving cultures move from the peripheries of Sydney's urban space - beyond the pale of acceptability - to playing a key role within the formation of particular environs of the city and its international identity. This investigation is carried out through an analysis of the way in which ideas, beliefs, images, and anxieties about these sexual cultures have been conscripted into processes of governance that shape the urban environment. The paper will be of interest to queer studies, architecture, urban studies, sociology, geography and planning.