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This study aims to investigate the role of Enzim Bakti Community in raising ecological awareness through citizenship education, using a case study as the main approach. Enzim Bakti Community is a community organization that focuses on ecological and social activities at the local level. This study uses a phenomenological method to describe how this community influences its members' understanding and behaviour regarding environmental issues. An in-depth case study was conducted to understand the concrete contribution of Enzim Bakti Community in educating its members about ecological and citizenship responsibilities. The study's findings show that through various activities such as tree planting, recycling campaigns, and environmental counselling, this community has created a deeper awareness of the importance of preserving the environment. The citizenship education implemented by Enzim Bakti Community broadens its members' knowledge about environmental issues and builds active involvement in promoting sustainability principles in their daily lives. Through discussions, training, and collaborative projects, community members learn to consider the ecological impacts of their actions and contribute to collective efforts to improve local environmental conditions. This study provides in-depth insights into how local communities can act as agents of social change in raising ecological and citizenship awareness. The implications of this study highlight the important role of civil communities in building a more environmentally conscious society and committed to collective action for a more sustainable future.

In the development of telecommunications in Indonesia, cellular networks, especially 4G, have grown rapidly since the launch of 4G LTE services. In the implementation of LTE, an antenna that has performance values of bandwidth, working frequency, VSWR, and gain that meets the specifications was needed. This research aims to study a microstrip antenna for LTE applications at a frequency of 2.3 GHz on its effect on the gain and bandwidth parameters using the 21 array method and the truncated corner which was simulated using HFSS software. The microstrip antenna was made using FR4 substrate with a thickness (h) of 1.6 mm and a dielectric constant of 4.4 with an expected working frequency of 2.3 GHz with the desired parameters return loss < -10 dB, VSWR < 1.5, gain > 2 dB, and bandwidth > 200 MHz in the simulation. Based on the simulation results of the microstrip antenna with the 21 truncated corner array method, the return loss value= 18.171 dB, VSWR= 1.281, gain= 3.963 dB, and bandwidth= 283 MHz, which worked at a frequency of 2.3 GHz. Meanwhile, based on the results of the antenna measurements that have been implemented, the return loss value was= 11.07 dB, and the VSWR= 1.49, which works at a frequency of 2.2 GHz.

The development of telecommunications is currently growing rapidly, especially in urban areas. To obtain optimal data services for users, the performances of 4G network services must continue to be optimized. It is known that many users are scattered in urban areas, but sometimes it is not balanced with an even distribution of the site in this area. This condition occurs because the distribution of the site is not evenly optimal distributed, either due to licensing constraints, limited land access for site development, or in terms of plans that have not been made. Balanced with the requirement of a 4G network, which is required, this "empty space" condition or low site density condition must find a solution or optimize it. Many optimization methods can optimize the area with low site density possibility. This study will optimize the area by adding a new site proposal based on coverage planning. We need to analyze Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) coverage signal distribution using Atoll Planning Software. After optimization, the RSRP level below or equal -80 dBm increased from 75.195% to 94.08%. Furthermore, the percentage calculation for inadequate coverage (below -80 dBm) decreased from 24.816% to 5.931%. This RSRP signal level also shows that the condition after optimization with a new site can improve the signal level condition from areas with low site density possibility.

Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is an equipment of a radar system to reach difficult areas. For radar applications, an ADS-B requires a low noise amplifier (LNA) with high gain, stability, and a low noise figure. In this research, to produce an LNA with good performance, an LNA was designed using a BJT transistor 2SC5006 with DC bias, VCE = 3 V, and current Ic = 10 mA, also a DC supply with VCC = 12 V, to achieve a high gain with a low noise figure. The initial LNA impedance circuit was simulated using 2 elements and then converted into 3 elements to obtain parameters according to the target specification through the tuning process, impedance matching circuit was used to reduce return loss and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) values. The LNA sequence obtains the working frequency of 1090 MHz, return loss of -52.103 dB, a gain of 10.382, VSWR of 1.005, a noise figure of 0.552, stability factor of 0.997, and bandwidth of 83 MHz. From the simulation results, the LNA has been successfully designed according to the ADS-B receiver specifications.

Edible/medicinal mushrooms have been traditionally used in Asian countries either in the cuisine or as dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. In recent decades, they have aroused increasing attention in Europe as well, due to their health and nutritional benefits. In particular, among the different pharmacological activities reported (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, immunomodulating, antidiabetic, etc.), edible/medicinal mushrooms have been shown to exert in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects on several kinds of tumors, including breast cancer. In this article, we reviewed mushrooms showing antineoplastic activity again breast cancer cells, especially focusing on the possible bioactive compounds involved and their mechanisms of action. In particular, the following mushrooms have been considered: Agaricus bisporus, Antrodia cinnamomea, Cordyceps sinensis, Cordyceps militaris, Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus. We also report insights into the relationship between dietary consumption of edible mushrooms and breast cancer risk, and the results of clinical studies and meta-analyses focusing on the effects of fungal extracts on breast cancer patients.

Energy consumption is one of the critical challenges in designing wireless sensor network (WSN) since it is typically composed of resource-constrained devices. Many studies have been proposed clustering to deal with energy conservation in WSN. Due to its predominance in coordinating the behaviors of many players, game theory has been considered for improving energy efficiency in WSN. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of cooperative game theoretic clustering (CGC) algorithm which employs cooperative game theory in a form of 3-agent cost sharing game for energy-efficient clustering in WSN. Furthermore, we compared its performance to a well-known traditional clustering method, low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), in terms of network lifetime and stability, and total residual energy. The simulation results show that CGC has better performance compared to LEACH due to the cooperation among cluster heads in coalition. CGC has higher alive nodes with stability improvement of first node dies (FND) by 65%, and the improvement by 52.4% for half node dies (HND). However, with the increasing of the number of nodes, the performance of LEACH is getting better compared to CGC.

A waveguide is a transmission medium in the form of a pipe and is made from a single conductor. A waveguide has the function of delivering electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 300 MHz - 300 GHz and is able to direct the waves in a particular direction. In its development, a waveguide can be used as a filter. A filter consists of several circuits designed to pass signals that are generated at a specific frequency and attenuate undesired signals. One type of filter that can pass a signal in a particular frequency range and block signals that are not included in that frequency range is a bandpass filter. In this article, we study a rationing analysis on rectangular waveguide using TEmn mode followed by an implementation of a bandpass filter in the frequency range of 3.3-3.5 GHz for S-Band Wireless Broadband and Fixed Satellite. The observation process is done by shifting the position of the connector (power supply) as much as five times the shift to get the results as desired. Based on the analysis of the simulation process using Ansoft HFSS software, it is observed that the optimized results of the rectangular waveguide mode TE10 were obtained at a distance between connectors of 30 mm with a cut-off frequency of 3.3 GHz, the value of the return loss parameter of -34.442 dB and an insertion loss of -0.039 dB. Whereas, the optimized TE20 mode can be obtained at a distance of 70 mm between connectors, with a cut-off frequency of 3.5 GHz, the value of the return loss parameter of -28.718 dB and an insertion loss of -0.045. The measurement of TE10 mode in our Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) shows a cut-off frequency of 3.2 GHz, with a value of the return loss of -18.73 dB and an insertion loss of -2.70 dB. Meanwhile, a measurement of TE20 mode results in a cut-off frequency of 3.2 GHz, with a value of the return loss of -5.89 dB and an insertion loss of -4.31 dB.

Terdapat kasus rumah sakit yang memiliki jumlah pasien yang lebih banyak daripada perawat jaga sehingga dapat menyebabkan kelalaian dalam pengontrolan sehingga menyebabkan adanya masalah pada sistem organ dikarenakan penggantian cairan infus dilakukan terlambat atau bahkan cairan infus tidak menetes akibat kesalahan alat, sehingga harus dibuat sistem notifikasi untuk pengontrolan cairan infus di rumah sakit menggunakan mikrokontroler dan terhubung secara wireless ke ruang perawat. Perancangan sistem alarm infus ini menggunakan photodioda dan inframerah sebagai pendeteksi ada tidaknya cairan infus yang menetes, serta untuk menghitung volume cairan infus. Sistem alarm ini akan terhubung ke sebuah buzzer yang terdapat di ruang jaga secara wireless dengan tipe nRF2401L dengan menggunakan sistem minimum arduino nano 328p. Sistem catu daya menggunakan baterai lithium yang dapat di charge melalui USB sehingga alat ini menjadi portable dengan bantuan modul TP4056. Alarm akan berbunyi pada dua kondisi yaitu ketika cairan tidak menetes dan ketika cairan

Nutritional intake and nutritional status correlate with the development of pressure injuries (PI), as well as their healing. Based on such premises, the purpose of this study was to verify the nutritional profile of patients bedridden with PI. Twelve patients, who were cared for at home by the Family Health Program teams of São José do Rio Preto, from July to August 2012, were studied. The results showed that 6 patients had stage II PI, 5 patients were stage III, and 1 patient was stage IV. According to the Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment (SGNA) 50% were considered in nutritional risk and 50% with malnutrition. According to the anthropometric indicators 16.7% were eutrophic, 25% were in nutritional risk and 58.3% were malnourished. The patients ingested 1465.3 ± 459 (SD) calories / diameter and 54.1 + 26.9 (SD) g protein / day. In relation to the intake of nutritional supplement, only 16.66% used some type. The caloric-protein intake may predict the development of PI and make healing difficult. Patients who received most of the protein and energy supply, as well as specific nutrients, tended to develop less PI and have better healing. Malnutrition may be associated with the development of more severe PI, which suggests that a nutritional assessment and performance of interventions assist in the prevention and treatment of PI. It is concluded that malnutrition may be a risk factor associated with the development and severity of PI in the home environment. Therefore, nutritional monitoring of these patients is important in both the prevention and the treatment of PI.

The objective was to characterize the profile of the patients attended at a wound care outpatient clinic. A descriptive, retrospective and quantitative study was undertaken at a wound care outpatient clinic in the interior of the state of São Paulo, in a population of 347 patient histories, between 2012 and 2014. As a result, the following characteristics were predominant: male sex (207/59.6%), age between 19 and 59 years (56%) and married (151/43.5%). It was observed that 203 (58.5%) presented some comorbidity and 103 (29.6%) some type of habit, mainly smoking and alcohol consumption. As regards the wound characteristics, 225 (64.9%) presented only one wound and 90 (26%) of the suture dehiscence type, 176 (46.2%) of the lesions were located on the upper body and the most used treatment involved hydrogels (153/21.3%). In conclusion, knowing the population profile allows the nurse to specifically plan health care, evidencing the importance of this professional in wound care.

Imbalanced dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA content has been associated with a number of neurological conditions. Endocannabinoids are n-6 PUFA derivatives, whose brain concentrations are sensitive to modifications of fatty acid composition of the diet and play a central role in the regulation of mood and cognition. As such, the endocannabinoid system appears to be an ideal candidate for mediating the effects of dietary fatty acids on mood and cognition. Lifelong administration of isocaloric α-linolenic acid (ALA)-deficient and -enriched diets induced short-term memory deficits, whereas only dietary ALA enrichment altered emotional reactivity in adult male rats compared with animals fed a standard diet that was balanced in ALA/linoleic acid (LA) ratio. In the prefrontal cortex, both diets reduced 2-AG levels and increased MAG lipase expression, whereas only the enriched diet reduced AEA levels, simultaneously increasing FAAH expression. In the hippocampus, an ALA-enriched diet decreased AEA content and NAPE-PLD expression, and reduced 2-AG content while increasing MAG lipase expression. These findings highlight the importance of a diet balanced in fatty acid content for normal brain functions and to support a link between dietary ALA, the brain endocannabinoid system, and behavior, which indicates that dietary ALA intake is a sufficient condition for altering the endocannabinoid system in brain regions modulating mood and cognition.

Salah satu hal penting pada computer vision adalah ciri (feature) citra. Ciri digunakan sebagai dasar untuk mendeteksi objek, baik itu benda, manusia maupun hewan. Ciri citra yang biasa digunakan dalam penelitian antara lain tepian, sudut, bentuk maupun gradient histogram. Penelitian ini menjelaskan kinerja algoritma background subtraction pada unit pemroses berdaya rendah sebagai salah satu algoritma pada computer vision. Algoritma ini memiliki kompleksitas yang rendah dan dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi objek sehingga berpotensi diterapkan pada kamera keamanan. Algoritma ini bekerja dengan melakukan pengurangan nilai piksel current frame dengan background model. Penelitian ini telah berhasil menerapkan algoritma dasar pengolahan citra, yaitu algoritma background subtraction pada modul ESP32. Pengujian menggunakan input citra yang memiliki dimensi 80x60 piksel dengan format warna 8bit grayscale. Ukuran frame citra 80 x 60 piksel dipilih sebagai citra uji karena keterbatasan memory DRAM EPS32 sebesar 328 KB (kilobyte). Implementasi pada modul ESP32 yang dilengkapi dengan mikroprosesor Xtensa 32-bit LX6 yang bekerja pada frekuensi 240MHz dapat memproses algoritma background subtraction 10000 kali dalam waktu ±2000ms menggunakan input citra uji tersebut. Kata Kunci – Background Subtraction; ESP32; Image Processing; Microcontroller; Object Detection.

The patient population needing physical rehabilitation in the upper extremity is constantly increasing. Robotic devices have the potential to address this problem, however most of the rehabilitation robots are technically advanced and mainly designed for clinical use. This paper presents the development of an affordable device for upper-limb neurorehabilitation designed for home use. The device is based on a 2-DOF five-bar parallel kinematic mechanism. The prototype has been designed so that it can be bound on one side of a table with a clamp. A kinematic optimization was performed on the length of the links of the manipulator in order to provide the optimum kinematic behaviour within the desired workspace. The mechanical structure was developed, and a 3D-printed prototype was assembled. The prototype embeds two single-point load cells to measure the force exchanged with the patient. Rehabilitation-specific control algorithms are described and tested. Finally, an experimental procedure is performed in order to validate the accuracy of the position measurements. The assessment confirms an acceptable level of performance with respect to the requirements of the application under analysis.

Current concepts suggest that exposure to THC during adolescence may act as a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders later in life. However, the molecular underpinnings of this vulnerability are still poorly understood. To analyze this, we investigated whether and how THC exposure in female rats interferes with different maturational events occurring in the prefrontal cortex during adolescence through biochemical, pharmacological and electrophysiological means. We found that the endocannabinoid system undergoes maturational processes during adolescence and that THC exposure disrupts them, leading to impairment of both endocannabinoid signaling and endocannabinoid-mediated LTD in the adult prefrontal cortex. THC also altered the maturational fluctuations of NMDA subunits, leading to larger amounts of gluN2B at adulthood. Adult animals exposed to THC during adolescence also showed increased AMPA gluA1 with no changes in gluA2 subunits. Finally, adolescent THC exposure altered cognition at adulthood. All these effects seem to be triggered by the disruption of the physiological role played by the endocannabinoid system during adolescence. Indeed, blockade of CB1 receptors from early to late adolescence seems to prevent the occurrence of pruning at glutamatergic synapses. These results suggest that vulnerability of adolescent female rats to long-lasting THC adverse effects might partly reside in disruption of the pivotal role played by the endocannabinoid system in the prefrontal cortex maturation.

Although several findings indicate an association between adolescent cannabis abuse and the risk to develop schizophrenia later in life, the evidence for a causal relationship is still inconclusive. In the present study, we investigated the emergence of psychotic-like behavior in adult female rats chronically exposed to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) during adolescence.To this aim, female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with THC during adolescence (PND 35–45) and, in adulthood (PND 75), a series of behavioral tests and biochemical assays were performed in order to investigate the long-term effects of adolescent THC exposure.Adolescent THC pretreatment leads to long-term behavioral alterations, characterized by recognition memory deficits, social withdrawal, altered emotional reactivity and sensitization to the locomotor activating effects of acute PCP.Moreover, since cortical disinhibition seems to be a key feature of many different animal models of schizophrenia and GABAergic hypofunction in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been observed in postmortem brains from schizophrenic patients, we then investigated the long-lasting consequences of adolescent THC exposure on GABAergic transmission in the adult rat PFC.Biochemical analyses revealed that adolescent THC exposure results in reduced GAD67 and basal GABA levels within the adult PFC. GAD67 expression is reduced both in parvalbumin (PV)- and cholecystokinin (CCK)-containing interneurons; this alteration may be related to the altered emotional reactivity triggered by adolescent THC, as silencing PFC GAD67 expression through a siRNA-mediated approach is sufficient to impact rats' behavior in the forced swim test. Finally, the cellular underpinnings of the observed sensitized response to acute PCP in adult THC-treated rats could be ascribed to the increased cFos immunoreactivity and glutamate levels in the PFC and dorsal striatum. The present findings support the hypothesis that adolescent THC exposure may represent a risk factor for the development of a complex psychotic-like behavior in adulthood.

The primary objective was to examine trends in new HIV diagnoses in a UK area of high HIV prevalence between 2000 and 2012 with respect to site of diagnosis and stage of HIV infection.Single-centre observational cohort study.An outpatient HIV department in a secondary care UK hospital.1359 HIV-infected adults.Demographic information (age, gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation), site of initial HIV diagnosis (Routine settings such as HIV/GUM clinics versus Non-Routine settings such as primary care and community venues), stage of HIV infection, CD4 count and seroconversion symptoms were collated for each participant.There was a significant increase in the proportion of new HIV diagnoses made in Non-Routine settings (from 27.0% in 2000 to 58.8% in 2012; p

Adolescence represents a vulnerable period for the psychiatric consequences of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) exposure, however, the molecular underpinnings of this vulnerability remain to be established. Histone modifications are emerging as important epigenetic mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of psychiatric diseases, thus, we investigated the impact of chronic Δ9-THC exposure on histone modifications in different brain areas of female rats. We checked histone modifications associated to both transcriptional repression (H3K9 di- and tri-methylation, H3K27 tri-methylation) and activation (H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation) after adolescent and adult chronic Δ9-THC exposure in the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala. Chronic exposure to increasing doses of Δ9-THC for 11 days affected histone modifications in a region- and age-specific manner. The primary effect in the adolescent brain was represented by changes leading to transcriptional repression, whereas the one observed after adult treatment led to transcriptional activation. Moreover, only in the adolescent brain, the primary effect was followed by a homeostatic response to counterbalance the Δ9-THC-induced repressive effect, except in the amygdala. The presence of a more complex response in the adolescent brain may be part of the mechanisms that make the adolescent brain vulnerable to Δ9-THC adverse effects.

Discusses Le Chatelier's Principle from a thermodynamic perspective and applies it to the effect of temperature on the solubility of gases in liquids. Rationale of this discussion is to evaluate data in a previous article claimed to be contradictory to the Principle. (Author/JN)

Uterine fibroids, benign tumors of the myometrium, can cause pelvic pain. Obesity and diabetes mellitus can increase the risk of developing fibroid. We present two cases of uterine fibroid, diabetes mellitus, and obesity with moderate-to-severe chronic pain. The first case is a 37-year-old woman with pelvic pain and a subserosal uterine fibroid, primary infertility, grade 2 obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Pathologic examination revealed smooth muscle cells with degeneration sites. The second case is a 35-year-old nulliparous woman with abdominal enlargement, lower abdominal pain, diabetes mellitus, and morbid obesity. Ultrasonography showed a large uterus with a hyperechoic mass and cystic degeneration. Histopathological examination revealed leiomyoma. Our patient's chronic pelvic pain may be caused by its large size. Excess adipose tissue in obesity may result in the formation of estrone, causing the proliferation of fibroids. A subserous fibroid is less likely to cause infertility; thus, a myomectomy was performed to relieve pain. Obesity and diabetes could interfere with patients' periods. Higher levels of insulin and fat tissue induce androgen production. Increased estrogen levels lead to alteration of gonadotropin production, menstrual abnormalities, and ovulatory dysfunction. Cystic degeneration of the subserous uterine fibroid could induce pain though it rarely affects fertility. A myomectomy was conducted to relieve pain. Comorbid diseases such as diabetes mellitus and obesity can lead to cystic degeneration of the uterine fibroid. • Uterine fibroid is the most common benign tumor of myometrium. • Uterine fibroid may be associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus. • Subserosal fibroid may induce pain and is less likely to cause infertility. • Comorbids such as obesity and diabetes mellitus could play a role in infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Schwannomas are benign tumors originating from Schwann cells of nerve fibers. Pelvic schwannomas are extremely rare. Here, we present a case of a 48-year-old woman with a pelvic schwannoma imitating degenerating cystic leiomyoma. A 48-year-old woman presented with brown-yellowish bloody vaginal discharge, fever, abdominal enlargement, and pain. Abdominal ultrasound showed a homogeneous solid mass with a clear border separated from the uterus and left ovary. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a multilocular cystic mass with thick septa and solid enhancing component. Histopathological examination showed a mesenchymal tumor composed of cells with fine chromatin. The nuclei were oval or round, and some cells exhibited spindle and cigar-shaped nuclei. Tumor cells had an abundant amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated positive expression for S100 as specific staining for schwannomas. Mitosis was not found, and hyalinized blood vessels were observed. Compression by the tumor into the surrounding organs, such as the bladder and intestines, could cause difficulty with defecation and urination in patients. The absence of specific signs and symptoms can lead to a misdiagnosis of pelvic schwannoma. Surgery is the treatment of choice. It is difficult to establish a definitive diagnosis before surgery. Laparotomy approach was taken and a histopathological examination was completed to confirm the diagnosis. Unspecified pelvic pain with abdominal mass may suggest a rare tumor such as schwannoma. Transvaginal ultrasonography is incapable of reliably distinguishing between schwannoma and other tumors. • Pelvic schwannomas are extremely rare. • Pelvic schwannomas can be mistaken for uterine fibroids due to unspecific symptoms. • It is challenging to establish a preoperative diagnosis of pelvic schwannomas. • Surgery is the treatment of choice for pelvic schwannomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)