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564 results on '"Pringle C"'

1. On the role of numerical diffusivity in MHD simulations of global accretion disc dynamos

Author

Nixon, C. J., Pringle, C. C. T., and Pringle, J. E.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Observations, mainly of outbursts in dwarf novae, imply that the anomalous viscosity in highly ionized accretion discs is magnetic in origin, and requires that the plasma $\beta \sim 1$. Until now most simulations of the magnetic dynamo in accretion discs have used a local approximation (known as the shearing box). While these simulations demonstrate the possibility of a self-sustaining dynamo, the magnetic activity generated in these models saturates at $\beta \gg 1$. This long-standing discrepancy has previously been attributed to the local approximation itself. There have been recent attempts at simulating magnetic activity in global accretion discs with parameters relevant to the dwarf novae. These too find values of $\beta \gg 1$. We speculate that the tension between these models and the observations may be caused by numerical magnetic diffusivity. As a pedagogical example, we present exact time-dependent solutions for the evolution of weak magnetic fields in an incompressible fluid subject to linear shear and magnetic diffusivity. We find that the maximum factor by which the initial magnetic energy can be increased depends on the magnetic Reynolds number as ${\mathcal R}_{\rm m}^{2/3}$. We estimate that current global numerical simulations of dwarf nova discs have numerical magnetic Reynolds numbers around 6 orders of magnitude less than the physical value found in dwarf nova discs of ${\mathcal R}_{\rm m} \sim 10^{10}$. We suggest that, given the current limitations on computing power, expecting to be able to compute realistic dynamo action in observable accretion discs using numerical MHD is, for the time being, a step too far., Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in the Journal of Plasma Physics

Published
2023

2. An optimisation approach for analysing nonlinear stability with transition to turbulence in fluids as an exemplar

Author

Kerswell, R. R., Pringle, C. C. T., and Willis, A. P.

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

This article introduces, and reviews recent work using, a simple optimisation technique for analysing the nonlinear stability of a state in a dynamical system. The technique can be used to identify the most efficient way to disturb a system such that it transits from one stable state to another. The key idea is introduced within the framework of a finite-dimensional set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and then illustrated for a very simple system of 2 ODEs which possesses bistability. Then the transition to turbulence problem in fluid mechanics is used to show how the technique can be formulated for a spatially-extended system described by a partial differential equation (the well-known Navier-Stokes equation). Within that context, the optimisation technique bridges the gap between (linear) optimal perturbation theory and the (nonlinear) dynamical systems approach to fluid flows. The fact that the technique has now been recently shown to work in this very high dimensional setting augurs well for its utility in other physical systems., Comment: submitted copy (33 pages, 9 figures)- accepted copy on first author's website

Published
2014
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3. Relative periodic orbits in transitional pipe flow

Author

Duguet, Y., Pringle, C. C. T., and Kerswell, R. R.

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

A dynamical system description of the transition process in shear flows with no linear instability starts with a knowledge of exact coherent solutions, among them travelling waves (TWs) and relative periodic orbits (RPOs). We describe a numerical method to find such solutions in pipe flow and apply it in the vicinity of a Hopf bifurcation from a TW which looks to be especially relevant for transition. The dominant structural feature of the RPO solution is the presence of weakly modulated streaks. This RPO, like the TW from which it bifurcates, sits on the laminar-turbulent boundary separating initial conditions which lead to turbulence from those which immediately relaminarise.

Published
2008
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4. Highly-symmetric travelling waves in pipe flow

Author

Pringle, C. C. T., Duguet, Y., and Kerswell, R. R.

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

The recent theoretical discovery of finite-amplitude travelling waves in pipe flow has re-ignited interest in the transitional phenomena that Osborne Reynolds studied 125 years ago. Despite all being unstable, these waves are providing fresh insight into the flow dynamics. Here we describe two new classes of highly-symmetric travelling waves (possessing rotational, shift-&-reflect and mirror symmetries) and report a new family of mirror-symmetric waves which is the first found in pipe flow not to have shift-&-reflect symmetry. The highly-symmetric waves appear at lower Reynolds numbers than the originally-discovered non-mirror-symmetric waves found by Faisst & Eckhardt 2003 and Wedin & Kerswell 2004 and have much higher wall shear stresses. The first M-class comprises of the various discrete-rotationally-symmetric analogues of the mirror-symmetric wave found in Pringle & Kerswell (2007) and have a distinctive double layer structure of fast and slow streaks across the pipe radius. The second N-class has the more familiar separation of fast streaks to the exterior and slow streaks to the interior and looks the precursor to the class of non-mirror-symmetric waves already known., Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, for Phil Trans theme issue on pipe flow

Published
2008
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5. Multiple environmental drivers across life stages influence Yukon River Chinook salmon productivity.

Author

Murdoch, A., Connors, B.M., Lapointe, N.W.R., Mills Flemming, J., Cooke, S.J., and Mantyka-Pringle, C.

Abstract

Recent declines of Yukon River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations have severely impacted people residing in the Yukon and Alaska. Evidence-based conservation strategies focused on stock recovery and adaptation are urgently needed but are limited by our understanding of what is driving declines, particularly in Canadian portions of the Yukon River basin. We examined how multiple environmental drivers may be influencing Canadian-origin Yukon River Chinook salmon productivity for eight populations over a 28-year period. We found that productivity was related to various environmental and ecosystem processes acting cumulatively over multiple life stages and across broad geographic scales. Productivity decreased in association with warmer upriver migration temperatures, wetter freshwater juvenile rearing habitats, and increasing abundances of potential marine competitors. In contrast, productivity increased in years with warmer and snowier winters and earlier spring onset. We found that different populations had similar relationships with environmental drivers, with potentially negative implications for regional fisheries stability. Our findings provide insight into how Chinook salmon are responding to rapid environmental change and can help inform salmon conservation initiatives and sustainable harvest strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Interactive effects of multiple stressors vary with consumer interactions, stressor dynamics and magnitude

Author

Turschwell, MP, Connolly, SR, Schäfer, RB, De Laender, F, Campbell, MD, Mantyka-Pringle, C, Jackson, MC, Kattwinkel, M, Sievers, M, Ashauer, R, Côté, IM, Connolly, RM, van den Brink, PJ, and Brown, CJ

Subjects
Environmental Risk Assessment, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, WIMEK, seagrass, synergy, stressor interactions, Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer, Environment, consumer-resource, antagonism, Wageningen Environmental Research, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Predicting the impacts of multiple stressors is important for informing ecosystem management but is impeded by a lack of a general framework for predicting whether stressors interact synergistically, additively or antagonistically. Here, we use process-based models to study how interactions generalise across three levels of biological organisation (physiological, population and consumer-resource) for a two-stressor experiment on a seagrass model system. We found that the same underlying processes could result in synergistic, additive or antagonistic interactions, with interaction type depending on initial conditions, experiment duration, stressor dynamics and consumer presence. Our results help explain why meta-analyses of multiple stressor experimental results have struggled to identify predictors of consistently non-additive interactions in the natural environment. Experiments run over extended temporal scales, with treatments across gradients of stressor magnitude, are needed to identify the processes that underpin how stressors interact and provide useful predictions to management.

Published
2022

10. Novel Homozygous Variant inCOQ7in Siblings With Hereditary Motor Neuropathy

Author

Smith, Ian C., primary, Pileggi, Chantal A., additional, Wang, Ying, additional, Kernohan, Kristin, additional, Hartley, Taila, additional, McMillan, Hugh J., additional, Sampaio, Marcos Loreto, additional, Melkus, Gerd, additional, Woulfe, John, additional, Parmar, Gaganvir, additional, Bourque, Pierre R., additional, Breiner, Ari, additional, Zwicker, Jocelyn, additional, Pringle, C. Elizabeth, additional, Jarinova, Olga, additional, Lochmüller, Hanns, additional, Dyment, David A., additional, Brais, Bernard, additional, Boycott, Kym M., additional, Hekimi, Siegfried, additional, Harper, Mary-Ellen, additional, and Warman-Chardon, Jodi, additional

Published
2023
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11. PP425 [Brain » Brain]: PROGNOSTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY OF INFLAMMASOME PROTEINS IN PEDIATRIC TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Author

Munoz Pareja, J. C., primary, De Rivero Vaccari, J., additional, Keane, R., additional, Wang, K., additional, Kobaissy, F., additional, Pringle, C., additional, Snodgrass, K., additional, Gober, J., additional, Coto, J., additional, Perez, P. K., additional, Mccrea, H., additional, Thorson, C., additional, O’phelan, K. H., additional, Swaby, K., additional, and Dietrich, W. D., additional

Published
2022
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18. Novel Homozygous Variant in COQ7 in Siblings With Hereditary Motor Neuropathy.

Author

Smith, Ian C., Pileggi, Chantal A., Wang, Ying, Kernohan, Kristin, Hartley, Taila, McMillan, Hugh J., Sampaio, Marcos Loreto, Melkus, Gerd, Woulfe, John, Parmar, Gaganvir, Bourque, Pierre R., Breiner, Ari, Zwicker, Jocelyn, Pringle, C. Elizabeth, Jarinova, Olga, Lochmüller, Hanns, Dyment, David A., Brais, Bernard, Boycott, Kym M., and Hekimi, Siegfried

Published
2023
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22. The Bunyaviridae and Their Genetics—An Overview

Author

Pringle, C. R., Compans, R. W., editor, Cooper, M., editor, Koprowski, H., editor, McConnell, I., editor, Melchers, F., editor, Nussenzweig, V., editor, Oldstone, M., editor, Olsnes, S., editor, Potter, M., editor, Saedler, H., editor, Vogt, P. K., editor, Wagner, H., editor, Wilson, I., editor, and Kolakofsky, Daniel, editor

Published
1991
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25. A guideline to frame stressor effects in freshwater ecosystems

Author

Perujo, N., van den Brink, P.J., Segner, H., Mantyka-Pringle, C., Sabater, S., Birk, S., Bruder, A., Romero, F., Acuña, V., Perujo, N., van den Brink, P.J., Segner, H., Mantyka-Pringle, C., Sabater, S., Birk, S., Bruder, A., Romero, F., and Acuña, V.

Abstract

Environmental policies fall short in protecting freshwater ecosystems, which are heavily threatened by human pressures and their associated stressors. One reason is that stressor effects depend on the context in which they occur and it is difficult to extrapolate patterns to predict the effect of stressors without these being contextualized in a general frame. This study aims at improving existing decision-making frameworks such as the DPSIR approach (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) or ERA (Environmental Risk Assessment) in the context of stressors. Here, we delve into stressor-impact relationships in freshwater ecosystems and develop a guideline which includes key characteristics such as stressor type, stressor duration, location, the natural levels of environmental variables to which each ecosystem is used to, among others. This guideline is intended to be useful in a wide range of ecosystem conditions and stressors. Incorporating these guidelines may favor the comparability of scientific results and may lead to a substantial advancement in the efficacy of diagnosis and predictive approaches of impacts.

Published
2021

39. Citizen social science for more integrative and effective climate action: A science-policy perspective

Author

Kythreotis, AP, Mantyka-Pringle, C, Mercer, TG, Whitmarsh, LE, Corner, A, Paavola, J, Chambers, C, Miller, BA, and Castree, N

Subjects
citizen agency and behavior, Citizen Social Science, co-production and co-learning, 0502 Environmental Science and Management, science-policy, climate policy and governance
Abstract

Governments are struggling to limit global temperatures below the 2°C Paris target with existing climate change policy approaches. This is because conventional climate policies have been predominantly (inter)nationally top-down, which limits citizen agency in driving policy change and influencing citizen behavior. Here we propose elevating Citizen Social Science (CSS) to a new level across governments as an advanced collaborative approach of accelerating climate action and policies that moves beyond conventional citizen science and participatory approaches. Moving beyond the traditional science-policy model of the democratization of science in enabling more inclusive climate policy change, we present examples of how CSS can potentially transform citizen behavior and enable citizens to become key agents in driving climate policy change. We also discuss the barriers that could impede the implementation of CSS and offer solutions to these. In doing this, we articulate the implications of increased citizen action through CSS in moving forward the broader normative and political program of transdisciplinary and co-productive climate change research and policy.

Published
2019

44. Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

Author

Tiegs, SD, Costello, DM, Isken, MW, Woodward, G, McIntyre, PB, Gessner, MO, Chauvet, E, Griffiths, NA, Flecker, AS, Acuna, V, Albarino, R, Allen, DC, Alonso, C, Andino, P, Arango, C, Aroviita, J, Barbosa, MVM, Barmuta, LA, Baxter, CV, Bell, TDC, Bellinger, B, Boyero, L, Brown, LE, Bruder, A, Bruesewitz, DA, Burdon, FJ, Callisto, M, Canhoto, C, Capps, KA, Castillo, MM, Clapcott, J, Colas, F, Colon-Gaud, C, Cornut, J, Crespo-Perez, V, Cross, WF, Culp, JM, Danger, M, Dangles, O, de Eyto, E, Derry, AM, Diaz Villanueva, V, Douglas, MM, Elosegi, A, Encalada, AC, Entrekin, S, Espinosa, R, Ethaiya, D, Ferreira, V, Ferriol, C, Flanagan, KM, Fleituch, T, Shah, JJF, Frainer, A, Friberg, N, Frost, PC, Garcia, EA, Lago, LG, Garcia Soto, PE, Ghate, S, Giling, DP, Gilmer, A, Goncalves, JF, Gonzales, RK, Graca, MAS, Grace, M, Grossart, H-P, Guerold, F, Gulis, V, Hepp, LU, Higgins, S, Hishi, T, Huddart, J, Hudson, J, Imberger, S, Iniguez-Armijos, C, Iwata, T, Janetski, DJ, Jennings, E, Kirkwood, AE, Koning, AA, Kosten, S, Kuehn, KA, Laudon, H, Leavitt, PR, Lemes da Silva, AL, Leroux, SJ, Leroy, CJ, Lisi, PJ, MacKenzie, R, Marcarelli, AM, Masese, FO, Mckie, BG, Oliveira Medeiros, A, Meissner, K, Milisa, M, Mishra, S, Miyake, Y, Moerke, A, Mombrikotb, S, Mooney, R, Moulton, T, Muotka, T, Negishi, JN, Neres-Lima, V, Nieminen, ML, Nimptsch, J, Ondruch, J, Paavola, R, Pardo, I, Patrick, CJ, Peeters, ETHM, Pozo, J, Pringle, C, Prussian, A, Quenta, E, Quesada, A, Reid, B, Richardson, JS, Rigosi, A, Rincon, J, Risnoveanu, G, Robinson, CT, Rodriguez-Gallego, L, Royer, TV, Rusak, JA, Santamans, AC, Selmeczy, GB, Simiyu, G, Skuja, A, Smykla, J, Sridhar, KR, Sponseller, R, Stoler, A, Swan, CM, Szlag, D, Teixeira-de Mello, F, Tonkin, JD, Uusheimo, S, Veach, AM, Vilbaste, S, Vought, LBM, Wang, C-P, Webster, JR, Wilson, PB, Woelfl, S, Xenopoulos, MA, Yates, AG, Yoshimura, C, Yule, CM, Zhang, YX, Zwart, JA, Tiegs, SD, Costello, DM, Isken, MW, Woodward, G, McIntyre, PB, Gessner, MO, Chauvet, E, Griffiths, NA, Flecker, AS, Acuna, V, Albarino, R, Allen, DC, Alonso, C, Andino, P, Arango, C, Aroviita, J, Barbosa, MVM, Barmuta, LA, Baxter, CV, Bell, TDC, Bellinger, B, Boyero, L, Brown, LE, Bruder, A, Bruesewitz, DA, Burdon, FJ, Callisto, M, Canhoto, C, Capps, KA, Castillo, MM, Clapcott, J, Colas, F, Colon-Gaud, C, Cornut, J, Crespo-Perez, V, Cross, WF, Culp, JM, Danger, M, Dangles, O, de Eyto, E, Derry, AM, Diaz Villanueva, V, Douglas, MM, Elosegi, A, Encalada, AC, Entrekin, S, Espinosa, R, Ethaiya, D, Ferreira, V, Ferriol, C, Flanagan, KM, Fleituch, T, Shah, JJF, Frainer, A, Friberg, N, Frost, PC, Garcia, EA, Lago, LG, Garcia Soto, PE, Ghate, S, Giling, DP, Gilmer, A, Goncalves, JF, Gonzales, RK, Graca, MAS, Grace, M, Grossart, H-P, Guerold, F, Gulis, V, Hepp, LU, Higgins, S, Hishi, T, Huddart, J, Hudson, J, Imberger, S, Iniguez-Armijos, C, Iwata, T, Janetski, DJ, Jennings, E, Kirkwood, AE, Koning, AA, Kosten, S, Kuehn, KA, Laudon, H, Leavitt, PR, Lemes da Silva, AL, Leroux, SJ, Leroy, CJ, Lisi, PJ, MacKenzie, R, Marcarelli, AM, Masese, FO, Mckie, BG, Oliveira Medeiros, A, Meissner, K, Milisa, M, Mishra, S, Miyake, Y, Moerke, A, Mombrikotb, S, Mooney, R, Moulton, T, Muotka, T, Negishi, JN, Neres-Lima, V, Nieminen, ML, Nimptsch, J, Ondruch, J, Paavola, R, Pardo, I, Patrick, CJ, Peeters, ETHM, Pozo, J, Pringle, C, Prussian, A, Quenta, E, Quesada, A, Reid, B, Richardson, JS, Rigosi, A, Rincon, J, Risnoveanu, G, Robinson, CT, Rodriguez-Gallego, L, Royer, TV, Rusak, JA, Santamans, AC, Selmeczy, GB, Simiyu, G, Skuja, A, Smykla, J, Sridhar, KR, Sponseller, R, Stoler, A, Swan, CM, Szlag, D, Teixeira-de Mello, F, Tonkin, JD, Uusheimo, S, Veach, AM, Vilbaste, S, Vought, LBM, Wang, C-P, Webster, JR, Wilson, PB, Woelfl, S, Xenopoulos, MA, Yates, AG, Yoshimura, C, Yule, CM, Zhang, YX, and Zwart, JA

Abstract

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented “next-generation biomonitoring” by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.

Published
2019

45. Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

Author

Tiegs, S. D. (Scott D.), Costello, D. M. (David M.), Isken, M. W. (Mark W.), Woodward, G. (Guy), McIntyre, P. B. (Peter B.), Gessner, M. O. (Mark O.), Chauvet, E. (Eric), Griffiths, N. A. (Natalie A.), Flecker, A. S. (Alex S.), Acuna, V. (Vicenc), Albarino, R. (Ricardo), Allen, D. C. (Daniel C.), Alonso, C. (Cecilia), Andino, P. (Patricio), Arango, C. (Clay), Aroviita, J. (Jukka), Barbosa, M. V. (Marcus V. M.), Barmuta, L. A. (Leon A.), Baxter, C. V. (Colden V.), Bell, T. D. (Thomas D. C.), Bellinger, B. (Brent), Boyero, L. (Luz), Brown, L. E. (Lee E.), Bruder, A. (Andreas), Bruesewitz, D. A. (Denise A.), Burdon, F. J. (Francis J.), Callisto, M. (Marcos), Canhoto, C. (Cristina), Capps, K. A. (Krista A.), Castillo, M. M. (Maria M.), Clapcott, J. (Joanne), Colas, F. (Fanny), Colon-Gaud, C. (Checo), Cornut, J. (Julien), Crespo-Perez, V. (Veronica), Cross, W. F. (Wyatt F.), Culp, J. M. (Joseph M.), Danger, M. (Michael), Dangles, O. (Olivier), de Eyto, E. (Elvira), Derry, A. M. (Alison M.), Diaz Villanueva, V. (Veronica), Douglas, M. M. (Michael M.), Elosegi, A. (Arturo), Encalada, A. C. (Andrea C.), Entrekin, S. (Sally), Espinosa, R. (Rodrigo), Ethaiya, D. (Diana), Ferreira, V. (Veronica), Ferriol, C. (Carmen), Flanagan, K. M. (Kyla M.), Fleituch, T. (Tadeusz), Shah, J. J. (Jennifer J. Follstad), Frainer, A. (Andre), Friberg, N. (Nikolai), Frost, P. C. (Paul C.), Garcia, E. A. (Erica A.), Lago, L. G. (Liliana Garcia), Garcia Soto, P. E. (Pavel Ernesto), Ghate, S. (Sudeep), Giling, D. P. (Darren P.), Gilmer, A. (Alan), Goncalves, J. F. (Jose Francisco, Jr.), Gonzales, R. K. (Rosario Karina), Graca, M. A. (Manuel A. S.), Grace, M. (Mike), Grossart, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Guerold, F. (Francois), Gulis, V. (Vlad), Hepp, L. U. (Luiz U.), Higgins, S. (Scott), Hishi, T. (Takuo), Huddart, J. (Joseph), Hudson, J. (John), Imberger, S. (Samantha), Iniguez-Armijos, C. (Carlos), Iwata, T. (Tomoya), Janetski, D. J. (David J.), Jennings, E. (Eleanor), Kirkwood, A. E. (Andrea E.), Koning, A. A. (Aaron A.), Kosten, S. (Sarian), Kuehn, K. A. (Kevin A.), Laudon, H. (Hjalmar), Leavitt, P. R. (Peter R.), Lemes da Silva, A. L. (Aurea L.), Leroux, S. J. (Shawn J.), Leroy, C. J. (Carri J.), Lisi, P. J. (Peter J.), MacKenzie, R. (Richard), Marcarelli, A. M. (Amy M.), Masese, F. O. (Frank O.), Mckie, B. G. (Brendan G.), Oliveira Medeiros, A. (Adriana), Meissner, K. (Kristian), Milisa, M. (Marko), Mishra, S. (Shailendra), Miyake, Y. (Yo), Moerke, A. (Ashley), Mombrikotb, S. (Shorok), Mooney, R. (Rob), Moulton, T. (Tim), Muotka, T. (Timo), Negishi, J. N. (Junjiro N.), Neres-Lima, V. (Vinicius), Nieminen, M. L. (Mika L.), Nimptsch, J. (Jorge), Ondruch, J. (Jakub), Paavola, R. (Riku), Pardo, I. (Isabel), Patrick, C. J. (Christopher J.), Peeters, E. T. (Edwin T. H. M.), Pozo, J. (Jesus), Pringle, C. (Catherine), Prussian, A. (Aaron), Quenta, E. (Estefania), Quesada, A. (Antonio), Reid, B. (Brian), Richardson, J. S. (John S.), Rigosi, A. (Anna), Rincon, J. (Jose), Risnoveanu, G. (Geta), Robinson, C. T. (Christopher T.), Rodriguez-Gallego, L. (Lorena), Royer, T. V. (Todd V.), Rusak, J. A. (James A.), Santamans, A. C. (Anna C.), Selmeczy, G. B. (Geza B.), Simiyu, G. (Gelas), Skuja, A. (Agnija), Smykla, J. (Jerzy), Sridhar, K. R. (Kandikere R.), Sponseller, R. (Ryan), Stoler, A. (Aaron), Swan, C. M. (Christopher M.), Szlag, D. (David), Teixeira-de Mello, F. (Franco), Tonkin, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Uusheimo, S. (Sari), Veach, A. M. (Allison M.), Vilbaste, S. (Sirje), Vought, L. B. (Lena B. M.), Wang, C.-P. (Chiao-Ping), Webster, J. R. (Jackson R.), Wilson, P. B. (Paul B.), Woelfl, S. (Stefan), Xenopoulos, M. A. (Marguerite A.), Yates, A. G. (Adam G.), Yoshimura, C. (Chihiro), Yule, C. M. (Catherine M.), Zhang, Y. X. (Yixin X.), Zwart, J. A. (Jacob A.), Tiegs, S. D. (Scott D.), Costello, D. M. (David M.), Isken, M. W. (Mark W.), Woodward, G. (Guy), McIntyre, P. B. (Peter B.), Gessner, M. O. (Mark O.), Chauvet, E. (Eric), Griffiths, N. A. (Natalie A.), Flecker, A. S. (Alex S.), Acuna, V. (Vicenc), Albarino, R. (Ricardo), Allen, D. C. (Daniel C.), Alonso, C. (Cecilia), Andino, P. (Patricio), Arango, C. (Clay), Aroviita, J. (Jukka), Barbosa, M. V. (Marcus V. M.), Barmuta, L. A. (Leon A.), Baxter, C. V. (Colden V.), Bell, T. D. (Thomas D. C.), Bellinger, B. (Brent), Boyero, L. (Luz), Brown, L. E. (Lee E.), Bruder, A. (Andreas), Bruesewitz, D. A. (Denise A.), Burdon, F. J. (Francis J.), Callisto, M. (Marcos), Canhoto, C. (Cristina), Capps, K. A. (Krista A.), Castillo, M. M. (Maria M.), Clapcott, J. (Joanne), Colas, F. (Fanny), Colon-Gaud, C. (Checo), Cornut, J. (Julien), Crespo-Perez, V. (Veronica), Cross, W. F. (Wyatt F.), Culp, J. M. (Joseph M.), Danger, M. (Michael), Dangles, O. (Olivier), de Eyto, E. (Elvira), Derry, A. M. (Alison M.), Diaz Villanueva, V. (Veronica), Douglas, M. M. (Michael M.), Elosegi, A. (Arturo), Encalada, A. C. (Andrea C.), Entrekin, S. (Sally), Espinosa, R. (Rodrigo), Ethaiya, D. (Diana), Ferreira, V. (Veronica), Ferriol, C. (Carmen), Flanagan, K. M. (Kyla M.), Fleituch, T. (Tadeusz), Shah, J. J. (Jennifer J. Follstad), Frainer, A. (Andre), Friberg, N. (Nikolai), Frost, P. C. (Paul C.), Garcia, E. A. (Erica A.), Lago, L. G. (Liliana Garcia), Garcia Soto, P. E. (Pavel Ernesto), Ghate, S. (Sudeep), Giling, D. P. (Darren P.), Gilmer, A. (Alan), Goncalves, J. F. (Jose Francisco, Jr.), Gonzales, R. K. (Rosario Karina), Graca, M. A. (Manuel A. S.), Grace, M. (Mike), Grossart, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Guerold, F. (Francois), Gulis, V. (Vlad), Hepp, L. U. (Luiz U.), Higgins, S. (Scott), Hishi, T. (Takuo), Huddart, J. (Joseph), Hudson, J. (John), Imberger, S. (Samantha), Iniguez-Armijos, C. (Carlos), Iwata, T. (Tomoya), Janetski, D. J. (David J.), Jennings, E. (Eleanor), Kirkwood, A. E. (Andrea E.), Koning, A. A. (Aaron A.), Kosten, S. (Sarian), Kuehn, K. A. (Kevin A.), Laudon, H. (Hjalmar), Leavitt, P. R. (Peter R.), Lemes da Silva, A. L. (Aurea L.), Leroux, S. J. (Shawn J.), Leroy, C. J. (Carri J.), Lisi, P. J. (Peter J.), MacKenzie, R. (Richard), Marcarelli, A. M. (Amy M.), Masese, F. O. (Frank O.), Mckie, B. G. (Brendan G.), Oliveira Medeiros, A. (Adriana), Meissner, K. (Kristian), Milisa, M. (Marko), Mishra, S. (Shailendra), Miyake, Y. (Yo), Moerke, A. (Ashley), Mombrikotb, S. (Shorok), Mooney, R. (Rob), Moulton, T. (Tim), Muotka, T. (Timo), Negishi, J. N. (Junjiro N.), Neres-Lima, V. (Vinicius), Nieminen, M. L. (Mika L.), Nimptsch, J. (Jorge), Ondruch, J. (Jakub), Paavola, R. (Riku), Pardo, I. (Isabel), Patrick, C. J. (Christopher J.), Peeters, E. T. (Edwin T. H. M.), Pozo, J. (Jesus), Pringle, C. (Catherine), Prussian, A. (Aaron), Quenta, E. (Estefania), Quesada, A. (Antonio), Reid, B. (Brian), Richardson, J. S. (John S.), Rigosi, A. (Anna), Rincon, J. (Jose), Risnoveanu, G. (Geta), Robinson, C. T. (Christopher T.), Rodriguez-Gallego, L. (Lorena), Royer, T. V. (Todd V.), Rusak, J. A. (James A.), Santamans, A. C. (Anna C.), Selmeczy, G. B. (Geza B.), Simiyu, G. (Gelas), Skuja, A. (Agnija), Smykla, J. (Jerzy), Sridhar, K. R. (Kandikere R.), Sponseller, R. (Ryan), Stoler, A. (Aaron), Swan, C. M. (Christopher M.), Szlag, D. (David), Teixeira-de Mello, F. (Franco), Tonkin, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Uusheimo, S. (Sari), Veach, A. M. (Allison M.), Vilbaste, S. (Sirje), Vought, L. B. (Lena B. M.), Wang, C.-P. (Chiao-Ping), Webster, J. R. (Jackson R.), Wilson, P. B. (Paul B.), Woelfl, S. (Stefan), Xenopoulos, M. A. (Marguerite A.), Yates, A. G. (Adam G.), Yoshimura, C. (Chihiro), Yule, C. M. (Catherine M.), Zhang, Y. X. (Yixin X.), and Zwart, J. A. (Jacob A.)

Abstract

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented “next-generation biomonitoring” by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.

Published
2019

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