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4. Sky visibility analysis for astrophysical data return maximization in HERMES constellation

Author

Colagrossi, Andrea, Prinetto, Jacopo, Silvestrini, Stefano, and Lavagna, Michèle

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

HERMES is a scientific mission composed of 3U nano-satellites dedicated to the detection and localization of high-energy astrophysical transients, with a distributed space architecture to form a constellation in Earth orbits. The space segment hosts novel miniaturized detectors to probe the X-ray temporal emission of bright events, such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), and the electromagnetic counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events (GWEs), playing a crucial role in future multi-messenger astrophysics. During operations, at least three instruments, separated by a minimum distance shall observe a common area of the sky to perform a triangulation of the observed event. An effective detection by the nano-satellite payload is achieved by guaranteeing a beneficial orbital and pointing configuration of the constellation. The design has to cope with the limitations imposed by small space systems, such as the lack of on-board propulsion and the reduced systems budgets. The paper describes the methodologies and the proposed strategies to overcome the mission limitations, while achieving a satisfactory constellation visibility of the sky throughout the mission duration. The mission design makes use of a high-fidelity orbit propagator, combined with an innovative mission analysis tool that estimates the scientific performances of the constellation. The influence of the natural relative motion, which is crucial to achieve an effective constellation configuration without on-board orbit control, is assessed. The presented methodology can be easily extended to any kind of distributed scientific space applications, as well as to constellations dedicated to Earth and planetary observation. In addition, the visibility tool is applicable in the context of the constellation flight dynamics operations, yielding optimized results and pointing plans based on actual satellite orbital positions., Comment: 31 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables. Published in Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems

Published
2020
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9. ORIGO: A mission concept to challenge planetesimal formation theories

Author

Marschall, Raphael, Thomas, Nicolas, Ulamec, Stephan, Hviid, Stubbe, Mottola, Stefano, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Ferri, Francesca, Herique, Alain, Plettemeier, Dirk, Kereszturi, Akos, Lavagna, Michèle R., Prinetto, Jacopo, Dottori, Alice, Falke, Albert, and da Silva Pais Cabral, Francisco

Subjects
comets, lander, space mission
Abstract

Comets are generally considered among the most pristine objects in our Solar System. There have thus been significant efforts to understand these bodies. During the past decades, we have seen significant progress in our theoretical understanding of planetesimal/cometesimals (the precursors of comets) formation. Recent space missions—such as ESA’s Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko—have provided observations claimed by proponents of different comet formation theories to validate their scenarios. Yet, no single formation paradigm could be definitively proven. Given the importance of understanding how the first bodies in our Solar System formed, we propose a dedicated mission to address this issue. ORIGO will deliver a lander to the surface of a cometary nucleus where it will characterise the first five m of the subsurface. With remote sensing instruments and the deployment of payload into a borehole, we will be able to study the physico-chemical structure of ancient, unmodified material. The mission has been designed to fit into the ESA M-class mission budget.

Published
2023
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10. Origo - an ESA M-class mission proposal to challenge planetesimal formation theories.

Author

Marschall, Raphael, primary, Thomas, Nicolas, additional, Ulamec, Stephan, additional, Hviid, Stubbe, additional, Mottola, Stefano, additional, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Ferri, Francesca, additional, Herique, Alain, additional, Plettemeier, Dirk, additional, Kereszturi, Ákos, additional, Lavagna, Michèle, additional, Prinetto, Jacopo, additional, Dottori, Alice, additional, Falke, Albert, additional, and da Silva Pais Cabral, Francisco, additional

Published
2022
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13. GrailQuest and HERMES: hunting for gravitational wave electromagnetic counterparts and probing space-time quantum foam

Author

Burderi, Luciano, primary, Di Salvo, Tiziana, additional, Riggio, Alessandro, additional, Gambino, Angelo Francesco, additional, Sanna, Andrea, additional, Fiore, Fabrizio, additional, Amarilli, Fabrizio, additional, Amati, Lorenzo, additional, Ambrosino, Filippo, additional, Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni, additional, Anitra, Alessio, additional, Barbera, Marco, additional, Bechini, Michele, additional, Bellutti, Paolo, additional, Bertaccin, Roberto, additional, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, additional, Campana, Riccardo, additional, Cao, Jiewei, additional, Capozziello, Salvatore, additional, Ceraudo, Francesco, additional, Chen, Tianxiang, additional, Cinelli, Marco, additional, Citossi, Marco, additional, Clerici, Aurora, additional, Colagrossi, Andrea, additional, Costa, Enrico, additional, Curzel, Serena, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Della Casa, Giovanni, additional, Della Valle, Massimo, additional, Demenev, Evgeny, additional, Del Santo, Melania, additional, Dilillo, Giuseppe, additional, Efremov, Pavel, additional, Evangelista, Yuri, additional, Feroci, Marco, additional, Ferruglio, Chiara, additional, Ferrandi, Fabrizio, additional, Fiorini, Mauro, additional, Fiorito, Michele, additional, Frontera, Filippo, additional, Fuschino, Fabio, additional, Gacnik, Dejan, additional, Galgoczi, Gabor, additional, Gao, Na, additional, Gandola, Massimo, additional, Ghirlanda, Giancarlo, additional, Gamboc, Andreja, additional, Grassi, Marco, additional, Guidorzi, Cristiano, additional, Guzman, Alejandro, additional, Iaria, Rosario, additional, Karlica, Mile, additional, Kostic, Uros, additional, Labanti, Claudio, additional, La Rosa, Giovanni, additional, Lo Cicero, Ugo, additional, Lopez Fernandez, Borja, additional, Lunghi, Paolo, additional, Malcovati, Piero, additional, Maselli, Alessandro, additional, Manca, Arianna, additional, Mele, Filippo, additional, Milankovich, Dorottya, additional, Monge, Angel, additional, Morgante, Gianluca, additional, Nava, Lara, additional, Negri, Barbara, additional, Nogara, Paolo, additional, Ohno, Masanori, additional, Ottolina, Daniele, additional, Pasquale, Andrea, additional, Pal, Andras, additional, Perri, Matteo, additional, Piccinin, Margherita, additional, Piazzolla, Raffaele, additional, Pirrotta, Simone, additional, Pliego-Caballero, Samuel, additional, Prinetto, Jacopo, additional, Pucacco, Giuseppe, additional, Puccetti, Simonetta, additional, Rapisarda, Massimo, additional, Rashevskaya, Irina, additional, Rashevsky, Alexander, additional, Ripa, Jakub, additional, Russo, Francesco, additional, Papitto, Alessandro, additional, Piranomonte, Silvia, additional, Santangelo, Andrea, additional, Scala, Francesca, additional, Sciarrone, Giulia, additional, Selcan, David, additional, Silvestrini, Stefano, additional, Sottile, Giuseppe, additional, Rotovnik, Tomaz, additional, Tenzer, Christoph, additional, Troisi, Ivan, additional, Vacchi, Andrea, additional, Virgilli, Enrico, additional, Werner, Norbert, additional, Wang, Lingjun, additional, Xu, Yupeng, additional, Zampa, Gianluigi, additional, Zampa, Nicola, additional, Zane, Silvia, additional, and Zanotti, Giovanni, additional

Published
2021
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14. Timing techniques applied to distributed modular high-energy astronomy: the H.E.R.M.E.S. project

Author

Sanna, Andrea, primary, Burderi, Luciano, additional, Di Salvo, Tiziana, additional, Fiore, Fabrizio, additional, Riggio, Alessandro, additional, Gambino, Angelo, additional, Lavagna, Michèle, additional, Bertacin, Roberto, additional, Evangelista, Yuri, additional, Campana, Riccardo, additional, Fuschino, Fabio, additional, Lunghi, Paolo, additional, Monge, Ángel, additional, Negri, Barbara, additional, Pirrotta, Simone, additional, Puccetti, Simonetta, additional, Amarilli, Fabrizio, additional, Ambrosino, Filippo, additional, Amelino-Camelia, Giavanni, additional, Anitra, Alessio, additional, Barbera, Marco, additional, Bechini, Michele, additional, Bellutti, Paolo, additional, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, additional, Cao, Jiewei, additional, Ceraudo, Francesco, additional, Chen, Tianxiang, additional, Cinelli, Matteo, additional, Citossi, Marco, additional, Clerici, Aurora, additional, Colagrossi, Andrea, additional, Curzel, Serena, additional, Della Casa, Giovanni, additional, Demenev, Evgeny, additional, Del Santo, Melania, additional, Dilillo, Giuseppe, additional, Efremov, Pavel, additional, Feroci, Marco, additional, Feruglio, Chiara, additional, Ferrandi, Fabrizio, additional, Fiorini, Mauro, additional, Fiorito, Michele, additional, Gacnik, Dejan, additional, Galgoczi, Gabor, additional, Gao, Na, additional, Gandola, Massimo, additional, Ghirlanda, Giancarlo, additional, Gamboc, Andreja, additional, Grassi, Marco, additional, Guidorzi, Cristiano, additional, Guzman, Alejandro, additional, Iaria, Rosario, additional, Karlica, Mile, additional, Kostic, Uros, additional, Labanti, Claudio, additional, La Rosa, Giovanni, additional, Lo Cicero, Ugo, additional, Loper Fernandez, Borja, additional, Malcovati, Piero, additional, Maselli, Alessandro, additional, Manca, Arianna, additional, Mele, Filippo, additional, Milankovich, Dorottya, additional, Morgante, Gianluca, additional, Nava, Lara, additional, Nogara, Paolo, additional, Ohno, Masanori, additional, Ottolina, Daniele, additional, Pasquale, Andrea, additional, Pal, Andras, additional, Perri, Matteo, additional, Piccinin, Margherita, additional, Piazzolla, Raffaele, additional, Pliego-Caballero, Samuel, additional, Prinetto, Jacopo, additional, Pucacco, Giuseppe, additional, Rashevskaya, Irina, additional, Rashevsky, Alexander, additional, Ripa, Jakub, additional, Russo, Francesco, additional, Papitto, Alessandro, additional, Piranamonte, Silvia, additional, Santangelo, Andrea, additional, Scala, Francesca, additional, Sciarrone, Giulia, additional, Selcan, David, additional, Silvestrini, Stefano, additional, Sottile, Giuseppe, additional, Rotovnik, Tomaz, additional, Tenzer, Christoph, additional, Troisi, Ivan, additional, Vacchi, Andrea, additional, Virgili, Enrico, additional, Werner, Norbert, additional, Wang, Lingjun, additional, Xu, Yupeng, additional, Zampa, Gianluigi, additional, Zampa, Nicola, additional, and Zanotti, Giovanni, additional

Published
2020
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15. The scientific payload on-board the HERMES-TP and HERMES-SP CubeSat missions

Author

Evangelista, Yuri, primary, Fiore, Fabrizio, additional, Fuschino, Fabio, additional, Campana, Riccardo, additional, Ceraudo, Francesco, additional, Demenev, Evgeny, additional, Guzman, Alejandro, additional, Labanti, Claudio, additional, La Rosa, Giovanni, additional, Fiorini, Mauro, additional, Gandola, Massimo, additional, Grassi, Marco, additional, Mele, Filippo, additional, Morgante, Gianluca, additional, Nogara, Paolo, additional, Piazzolla, Raffaele, additional, Pliego Caballero, Samuel, additional, Rashevskaya, Irina, additional, Russo, Francesco, additional, Sciarrone, Giulia, additional, Sottile, Giuseppe, additional, Milankovich, Dorottya, additional, Pál, András, additional, Ambrosino, Filippo, additional, Auricchio, Natalia, additional, Barbera, Marco, additional, Bellutti, Pierluigi, additional, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, additional, Borghi, Giacomo, additional, Cao, Jiewei, additional, Chen, Tianxiang, additional, Dilillo, Giuseppe, additional, Feroci, Marco, additional, Ficorella, Francesco, additional, Lo Cicero, Ugo, additional, Malcovati, Piero, additional, Morbidini, Alfredo, additional, Pauletta, Giovanni, additional, Picciotto, Antonino, additional, Rachevski, Alexandre, additional, Santangelo, Andrea, additional, Tenzer, Chistoph, additional, Vacchi, Andrea, additional, Wang, Lingjun, additional, Xu, Yupeng, additional, Zampa, Gianluigi, additional, Zampa, Nicola, additional, Zorzi, Nicola, additional, Burderi, Luciano, additional, Lavagna, Michèle, additional, Bertacin, Roberto, additional, Lunghi, Paolo, additional, Monge, Angel, additional, Negri, Barbara, additional, Pirrotta, Simone, additional, Puccetti, Simonetta, additional, Sanna, Andrea, additional, Amarilli, Fabrizio, additional, Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni, additional, Bechini, Michele, additional, Citossi, Marco, additional, Colagrossi, Andrea, additional, Curzel, Serena, additional, Della Casa, Giovanni, additional, Cinelli, Marco, additional, Del Santo, Melania, additional, Di Salvo, Tiziana, additional, Feruglio, Chiara, additional, Ferrandi, Fabrizio, additional, Fiorito, Michele, additional, Gacnik, Dejan, additional, Galgóczi, Gabor, additional, Gambino, Angelo Francesco, additional, Ghirlanda, Giancarlo, additional, Gomboc, Andreja, additional, Karlica, Mile, additional, Efremov, Pavel, additional, Kostic, Uros, additional, Clerici, Aurora, additional, Lopez Fernandez, Borja, additional, Maselli, Alessandro, additional, Nava, Lara, additional, Ohno, Masanori, additional, Ottolina, Daniele, additional, Pasquale, Andrea, additional, Perri, Matteo, additional, Piccinin, Margherita, additional, Prinetto, Jacopo, additional, Riggio, Alessandro, additional, Ripa, Jakub, additional, Papitto, Alessandro, additional, Piranomonte, Silvia, additional, Scala, Francesca, additional, Selcan, David, additional, Silvestrini, Stefano, additional, Rotovnik, Tomaz, additional, Virgilli, Enrico, additional, Troisi, Ivan, additional, Werner, Norbert, additional, Zanotti, Giovanni, additional, Anitra, Alessio, additional, and Manca, Arianna, additional

Published
2020
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16. The HERMES-technologic and scientific pathfinder

Author

Fiore, Fabrizio, primary, Burderi, Luciano, additional, Lavagna, Michelle, additional, Bertacin, Roberto, additional, Evangelista, Yuri, additional, Campana, Riccardo, additional, Fuschino, Fabio, additional, Lunghi, Paolo, additional, Monge, Angel, additional, Negri, Barbara, additional, Pirrotta, Simone, additional, Puccetti, Simonetta, additional, Sanna, Andrea, additional, Amarilli, Fabrizio, additional, Ambrosino, Filippo, additional, Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni, additional, Anitra, Alessio, additional, Auricchio, Natalia, additional, Barbera, Marco, additional, Bechini, Michele, additional, Bellutti, Pierluigi, additional, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, additional, Cao, Jiewei, additional, Ceraudo, Francesco, additional, Chen, Tianxiang, additional, Cinelli, Marco, additional, Citossi, Marco, additional, Clerici, Aurora, additional, Colagrossi, Andrea, additional, Curzel, Serena, additional, Della Casa, Giovanni, additional, Demenev, Evgeny, additional, Del Santo, Melania, additional, Dilillo, Giuseppe, additional, Di Salvo, Tiziana, additional, Efremov, Pavel, additional, Feroci, Marco, additional, Feruglio, Chiara, additional, Ferrandi, Fabrizio, additional, Fiorini, Mauro, additional, Fiorito, Michele, additional, Frontera, Filippo, additional, Gacnik, Dejan, additional, Galgoczi, Gabor, additional, Gao, Na, additional, Gambino, Angelo Francesco, additional, Gandola, Massimo, additional, Ghirlanda, Giancarlo, additional, Gomboc, Andreja, additional, Grassi, Marco, additional, Guzman, Alejandro, additional, Karlica, Mile, additional, Kostic, Uros, additional, Labanti, Claudio, additional, La Rosa, Giovanni, additional, Lo Cicero, Ugo, additional, Lopez-Fernandez, Borja, additional, Malcovati, Piero, additional, Maselli, Alessandro, additional, Manca, Arianna, additional, Mele, Filippo, additional, Milankovich, Dorottya, additional, Morgante, Gianluca, additional, Nava, Lara, additional, Nogara, Paolo, additional, Ohno, Masanori, additional, Ottolina, Daniele, additional, Pasquale, Andrea, additional, Pal, Andras, additional, Perri, Matteo, additional, Piazzolla, Raffaele, additional, Piccinin, Margherita, additional, Pliego-Caballero, Samuel, additional, Prinetto, Jacopo, additional, Pucacco, Giuseppe, additional, Rashevsky, Alexander, additional, Rashevskaya, Irina, additional, Riggio, Alessandro, additional, Ripa, Jakub, additional, Russo, Francesco, additional, Papitto, Alessandro, additional, Piranomonte, Silvia, additional, Santangelo, Andrea, additional, Scala, Francesca, additional, Sciarrone, Giulia, additional, Selcan, David, additional, Silvestrini, Stefano, additional, Sottile, Giuseppe, additional, Rotovnik, Tomaz, additional, Tenzer, Christoph, additional, Troisi, Ivan, additional, Vacchi, Andrea, additional, Virgilli, Enrico, additional, Werner, Norbert, additional, Wang, lingjun, additional, Xu, Yupeng, additional, Zampa, Gianluigi, additional, Zampa, Nicola, additional, and Zanotti, Giovanni, additional

Published
2020
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18. GrailQuest and HERMES: hunting for gravitational wave electromagnetic counterparts and probing space-time quantum foam

Author

F. Scala, Silvia Piranomonte, Yupeng Xu, Piero Malcovati, Samuel Pliego-Caballero, Angelo Francesco Gambino, Chiara Ferruglio, Fabrizio Fiore, M. Rapisarda, Giovanni Della Casa, G. Zanotti, Andrea Vacchi, Stefano Silvestrini, Lorenzo Amati, Simone Pirrotta, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Alessandro Maselli, András Pál, M. Fiorini, Salvatore Capozziello, D. Milankovich, Mile Karlica, Irina Rashevskaya, A. Anitra, Marco Grassi, Barbara Negri, Filippo Frontera, Margherita Piccinin, Alexander Rashevsky, Daniele Ottolina, Simonetta Puccetti, N. Zampa, Claudio Labanti, A. Guzmán, Borja Lopez Fernandez, Luciano Burderi, E. Demenev, Ugo Lo Cicero, G. Dilillo, C. Guidorzi, Andrea Santangelo, P. Nogara, Giovanni La Rosa, A. Pasquale, Masanori Ohno, Marco Barbera, Roberto Bertaccin, Alessandro Riggio, Norbert Werner, Melania Del Santo, Raffaele Piazzolla, Jakub Ripa, F. Mele, Filippo Ambrosino, Massimo Della Valle, Michele Bechini, Ivan Troisi, J. Prinetto, Tian-Xiang Chen, Marco Feroci, Jiewei Cao, C. Tenzer, Lingjun Wang, M. Citossi, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Lara Nava, Pierluigi Bellutti, David Selcan, Francesco Russo, A. Monge, Pavel Efremov, Silvia Zane, F. Ceraudo, Uros Kostic, Giuseppe Sottile, Andrea Sanna, Fabrizio Ferrandi, M. Perri, A. Gomboc, R. Iaria, G. Sciarrone, Marco Cinelli, Y. Evangelista, Giuseppe Pucacco, Na Gao, Tiziana Di Salvo, M. Gandola, Tomaz Rotovnik, Enrico Costa, Dejan Gacnik, Gábor Galgóczi, Gianluigi Zampa, Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Paolo Lunghi, Michele Fiorito, Arianna Manca, Riccardo Campana, F. Fuschino, Andrea Colagrossi, Aurora Clerici, S. Curzel, Alessandro Papitto, Fabrizio Amarilli, E. Virgilli, Gianluca Morgante, Giovanni Amelino-Camelia, Burderi, Luciano, Di Salvo, Tiziana, Riggio, Alessandro, Gambino, Angelo Francesco, Sanna, Andrea, Fiore, Fabrizio, Amarilli, Fabrizio, Amati, Lorenzo, Ambrosino, Filippo, Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni, Anitra, Alessio, Barbera, Marco, Bechini, Michele, Bellutti, Paolo, Bertaccin, Roberto, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Campana, Riccardo, Cao, Jiewei, Capozziello, Salvatore, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, Tianxiang, Cinelli, Marco, Citossi, Marco, Clerici, Aurora, Colagrossi, Andrea, Costa, Enrico, Curzel, Serena, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Della Casa, Giovanni, Della Valle, Massimo, Demenev, Evgeny, Del Santo, Melania, Dilillo, Giuseppe, Efremov, Pavel, Evangelista, Yuri, Feroci, Marco, Ferruglio, Chiara, Ferrandi, Fabrizio, Fiorini, Mauro, Fiorito, Michele, Frontera, Filippo, Fuschino, Fabio, Gacnik, Dejan, Galgoczi, Gabor, Gao, Na, Gandola, Massimo, Ghirlanda, Giancarlo, Gamboc, Andreja, Grassi, Marco, Guidorzi, Cristiano, Guzman, Alejandro, Iaria, Rosario, Karlica, Mile, Kostic, Uro, Labanti, Claudio, La Rosa, Giovanni, Lo Cicero, Ugo, Lopez Fernandez, Borja, Lunghi, Paolo, Malcovati, Piero, Maselli, Alessandro, Manca, Arianna, Mele, Filippo, Milankovich, Dorottya, Monge, Angel, Morgante, Gianluca, Nava, Lara, Negri, Barbara, Nogara, Paolo, Ohno, Masanori, Ottolina, Daniele, Pasquale, Andrea, Pal, Andra, Perri, Matteo, Piccinin, Margherita, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Pirrotta, Simone, Pliego-Caballero, Samuel, Prinetto, Jacopo, Pucacco, Giuseppe, Puccetti, Simonetta, Rapisarda, Massimo, Rashevskaya, Irina, Rashevsky, Alexander, Ripa, Jakub, Russo, Francesco, Papitto, Alessandro, Piranomonte, Silvia, Santangelo, Andrea, Scala, Francesca, Sciarrone, Giulia, Selcan, David, Silvestrini, Stefano, Sottile, Giuseppe, Rotovnik, Tomaz, Tenzer, Christoph, Troisi, Ivan, Vacchi, Andrea, Virgilli, Enrico, Werner, Norbert, Wang, Lingjun, Xu, Yupeng, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zane, Silvia, Zanotti, Giovanni, ITA, GBR, DEU, ESP, CZE, CHN, SVN, HUN, den Herder J-WA, Nikzad, S, Nakazawa, K, Burderi L., Di Salvo T., Sanna A., Fiore F., Riggio A., Gambino A.F., Amarilli F., Amati L., Ambrosino F., Amelino-Camelia G., Anitra A., Barbera M., Bechini M., Bellutti P., Bertacin R., Bertuccio G., Campana R., Cao J., Capozziello S., Ceraudo F., Chen T., Cinelli M., Citossi M., Clerici A., Colagrossi A., Costa E., Curzel S., De Laurentis M., Della Casa G., Demenev E., Del Santo M., Della Valle M., Dilillo G., Efremov P., Evangelista Y., Feroci M., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorini M., Fiorito M., Frontera F., Fuschino F., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gao N., Gandola M., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Grassi M., Guidorzi C., Guzman A., Iaria R., Karlica M., Kostic U., Labanti C., La Rosa G., Lo Cicero U., Lopez Fernandez B., Lunghi P., Malcovati P., Maselli A., Manca A., Mele F., Milankovich D., Monge A., Morgante G., Nava L., Negri B., Nogara P., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Pal A., Perri M., Piccinin M., Piazzolla R., Pirrotta S., Pliego-Caballero S., Prinetto J., Pucacco G., Puccetti S., Rapisarda M., Rashevskaya I., Rashevski A., Ripa J., Russo F., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Santangelo A., Scala F., Sciarrone G., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Sottile G., Rotovnik T., Tenzer C., Troisi I., Vacchi A., Virgilli E., Werner N., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., Zane S., and Zanotti G.

Subjects
Physics, CubeSats, Gamma-Ray Bursts, Photon, Gravitational Wave counterparts, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Space time, Quantum gravity, Astronomy, Triangulation (social science), 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, All-sky monitor, Observatory, X-rays, 0103 physical sciences, Nano-satellites, Temporal triangulation, Gamma-ray burst, Quantum foam, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

GrailQuest (Gamma-ray Astronomy International Laboratory for Quantum Exploration of Space-Time) is an ambitious astrophysical mission concept that uses a fleet of small satellites whose main objective is to search for a dispersion law for light propagation in vacuo. Within Quantum Gravity theories, different models for space-time quantization predict relative discrepancies of the speed of photons w.r.t. the speed of light that depend on the ratio of the photon energy to the Planck energy. This ratio is as small as 10-23 for photons in the γ- ray band (100 keV). Therefore, to detect this effect, light must propagate over enormous distances and the experiment must have extraordinary sensitivity. Gamma-Ray Bursts, occurring at cosmological distances, could be used to detect this tiny signature of space-time granularity. This can be obtained by coherently combine a huge number of small instruments distributed in space to act as a single detector of unprecedented effective area. This is the first example of high-energy distributed astronomy: a new concept of modular observatory of huge overall collecting area consisting in a fleet of small satellites in low orbits, with sub-microsecond time resolution and wide energy band (keV-MeV). The enormous number of collected photons will allow to effectively search these energy dependent delays. Moreover, GrailQuest will allow to perform temporal triangulation of impulsive events with arc-second positional accuracies: an extraordinary sensitive X-ray/Gamma all-sky monitor crucial for hunting the elusive electromagnetic counterparts of Gravitational Waves, that will play a paramount role in the future of Multi-messenger Astronomy. A pathfinder of GrailQuest is already under development through the HERMES (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites) project: a fleet of six 3U cube-sats to be launched by the end of 2022.

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