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2. Multisensory integration underlying body-ownership experiences in schizophrenia and offspring of patients: a study using the rubber hand illusion paradigm

Author

Prikken, Merel, van der Weiden, Anouk, Baalbergen, Heleen, Hillegers, Manon H.J., Kahn, Rene S., Aarts, Henk, and van Haren, Neeltje E.M.

Subjects
Psychiatric research, Schizophrenia -- Research, Body image -- Research, Rubber, Medical research, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia is a disorder of basic self-disturbance. Evidence suggests that people with schizophrenia may have aberrant experiences of body ownership: they may feel that they are not the subject of their own body experiences. However, little is known about the development of such disturbances. Methods: Using a rubber hand illusion paradigm, we assessed body ownership in patients with schizophrenia (n = 54), healthy controls (n = 56), children/adolescents at increased familial risk of developing schizophrenia (n = 24) or mood disorders (n = 33), and children/adolescents without this risk (n = 18). In this paradigm, a rubber hand (visible) and a participant's real hand (invisible) were stroked synchronously and asynchronously; we then measured subjective illusory experiences and proprioceptive drift. Results: All groups showed the expected effect of the rubber hand illusion: stronger proprioceptive drift and increased subjective illusory experiences after synchronous versus asynchronous stroking. The effect of synchronicity on subjective experiences was significantly weaker in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls, and subjective ratings were positively correlated with delusions in patients. We found no significant differences between children/adolescents with and without increased familial risk. Limitations: Large individual differences raised questions for future research. Conclusion: We found subtle disturbances in body-ownership experiences in patients with schizophrenia, which were associated with delusions. We found no evidence for impairments in children/adolescents at increased familial risk of developing schizophrenia or a mood disorder. Longitudinal data might reveal whether impairments in body ownership are predictive of psychosis onset., Introduction To most of us, distinguishing between self and others may seem to be an automatic and fluent process. However, schizophrenia is seen as a disorder of basic self-disturbance in [...]

Published
2019
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8. The Association Between Emotion Recognition, Affective Empathy, and Structural Connectivity in Schizophrenia Patients

Author

Koevoets, Martijn G.J.C., Prikken, Merel, Hagenaar, Doesjka A., Kahn, René S., van Haren, Neeltje E.M., and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Abstract

IntroductionEmotion processing deficits often occur in patients with schizophrenia. We investigate whether patients and controls differ in the association between facial emotion recognition and experience of affective empathy and whether performance on these emotion processing domains differently relates to white matter connectivity.Materials and MethodsForty-seven patients with schizophrenia and 47 controls performed an emotion recognition and affective empathy task. T1-weighted and diffusion-tensor images (DTI) of the brain were acquired. Using Tracula 5.3, ten fibers were reconstructed and fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were extracted. Groups were compared on task performance, white matter measures and their interactions using ANCOVAs. Correction for multiple comparisons was applied.ResultsPatients scored lower on emotion recognition (p = 0.037) and reported higher levels of affective empathy (p < 0.001) than controls. Patients with poor emotion recognition (PT-low) experienced stronger affective empathy than patients with similar emotion recognition performance as controls (PT-normal; p = 0.011), who in turn reported stronger affective empathy than controls (p = 0.043). We found a significant interaction between emotion recognition, affective empathy and anterior thalamic radiation AD (p = 0.017, d = 0.43). Post hoc analyses revealed that the correlation between AD and empathy differed significantly between all groups (empathy/AD in PT-low < empathy/AD in PT-normal < empathy/AD in controls).DiscussionIn patients with poor emotion recognition, the negative association between anterior thalamic radiation AD and affective empathy was stronger than in patients with normal emotion recognition capacity. Possibly, axonal damage in fronto-thalamic structural connections, as part of a larger frontotemporal network, underlies the association between poor emotion recognition and higher levels of affective empathy in schizophrenia patients.

Published
2022

10. The Association Between Emotion Recognition, Affective Empathy, and Structural Connectivity in Schizophrenia Patients

Author

Brain, Affectieve & Psychotische Med., Onderzoeksgroep 11, Onderzoeksgroep 1, Koevoets, Martijn G.J.C., Prikken, Merel, Hagenaar, Doesjka A., Kahn, René S., van Haren, Neeltje E.M., Brain, Affectieve & Psychotische Med., Onderzoeksgroep 11, Onderzoeksgroep 1, Koevoets, Martijn G.J.C., Prikken, Merel, Hagenaar, Doesjka A., Kahn, René S., and van Haren, Neeltje E.M.

Published
2022

11. In search of the self : On self-disturbances and social cognition in schizophrenia

Author

Prikken, Merel, van Haren, Neeltje, Aarts, H., van der Weiden, Anouk, and University Utrecht

Subjects
schizophrenia, self-reflection, self-agency, high-risk, body-ownership, psychosis, social cognition, self-disturbance, empathy
Abstract

For most patients with schizophrenia it is difficult to sufficiently participate in the community, largely due to deficits in social interaction. The decreased ability to interact with other people and understand them is affected by the way patients perceive themselves. As schizophrenia is seen as a disorder of fundamental self-disturbances, in this thesis a series of empirical studies explore how schizophrenia is related to components that are crucial for making a distinction between oneself and others, hereby focusing on the concepts of body ownership, self-agency, and empathy. The feeling of body-ownership and the feeling of self-agency are considered the most important aspects for basic self-experience and contribute to a feeling of presence and being. Therefore, using a Rubber Hand Illusion paradigm, we provide insight into disturbances in the feeling of body ownership in patients with schizophrenia and in adolescents at increased familial risk to develop the disease. Second, self-agency inferences can result from implicitly associated cues or situations that can unconsciously pre-activate or prime an outcome representation in the agent’s mind. As previous studies found that patients with schizophrenia show specific impairments in these prime-based self-agency inferences, which are particularly important in social behavior, the current thesis provides insight in this topic. Third, as empathic abilities are an important predictor for functional outcome in schizophrenia, our research aims to increase knowledge about its etiology by focusing on the role of the self-reflection network in the brain. Summarizing, this thesis contributes to our understanding of self-disturbances in patients with schizophrenia by using experimental set-ups.

Published
2018

12. Multisensory integration underlying body-ownership experiences in schizophrenia and offspring of patients: A study using the rubber hand illusion paradigm

Author

Leerstoel Ridder, Leerstoel Aarts, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Prikken, Merel, Van der Weiden, Anouk, Baalbergen, Heleen, Hillegers, Manon H.J., Kahn, René S., Aarts, Henk, Van Haren, Neeltje E.M., Leerstoel Ridder, Leerstoel Aarts, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Prikken, Merel, Van der Weiden, Anouk, Baalbergen, Heleen, Hillegers, Manon H.J., Kahn, René S., Aarts, Henk, and Van Haren, Neeltje E.M.

Published
2019

13. The efficacy of computerized cognitive drill and practice training for patients with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis

Author

Affectieve & Psychotische Med., Onderzoeksgroep 4, Risico & Preventie Ond., Brain, Affectieve & Psychotisch Ond., Prikken, Merel, Konings, Mette J., Lei, Wan U., Begemann, Marieke J.H., Sommer, Iris E.C., Affectieve & Psychotische Med., Onderzoeksgroep 4, Risico & Preventie Ond., Brain, Affectieve & Psychotisch Ond., Prikken, Merel, Konings, Mette J., Lei, Wan U., Begemann, Marieke J.H., and Sommer, Iris E.C.

Published
2019

14. Multisensory integration underlying body-ownership experiences in schizophrenia and offspring of patients: A study using the rubber hand illusion paradigm

Author

UMC Utrecht, Affectieve & Psychotische Med., Onderzoeksgroep 4, Diagnostiek & Vroege Psychose Medisch, Brain, Onderzoeksgroep 11, Onderzoeksgroep 1, Prikken, Merel, Van der Weiden, Anouk, Baalbergen, Heleen, Hillegers, Manon H.J., Kahn, René S., Aarts, Henk, Van Haren, Neeltje E.M., UMC Utrecht, Affectieve & Psychotische Med., Onderzoeksgroep 4, Diagnostiek & Vroege Psychose Medisch, Brain, Onderzoeksgroep 11, Onderzoeksgroep 1, Prikken, Merel, Van der Weiden, Anouk, Baalbergen, Heleen, Hillegers, Manon H.J., Kahn, René S., Aarts, Henk, and Van Haren, Neeltje E.M.

Published
2019

17. Impaired self-agency inferences in schizophrenia: The role of cognitive capacity and causal reasoning style

Author

Prikken, Merel, van der Weiden, A., Kahn, R.R., Aarts, H., van Haren, N.E.M., Prikken, Merel, van der Weiden, A., Kahn, R.R., Aarts, H., and van Haren, N.E.M.

Abstract

Background The sense of self-agency, i.e., experiencing oneself as the cause of one's own actions, is impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Normally, inferences of self-agency are enhanced when actual outcomes match with pre-activated outcome information, where this pre-activation can result from explicitly set goals (i.e., goal-based route) or implicitly primed outcome information (i.e., prime-based route). Previous research suggests that patients show specific impairments in the prime-based route, implicating that they do not rely on matches between implicitly available outcome information and actual action-outcomes when inferring self-agency. The question remains: Why? Here, we examine whether neurocognitive functioning and self-serving bias (SSB) may explain abnormalities in patients’ agency inferences. Methods Thirty-six patients and 36 healthy controls performed a commonly used agency inference task to measure goal- and prime-based self-agency inferences. Neurocognitive functioning was assessed with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and the SSB was assessed with the Internal Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire. Results Results showed a substantial smaller effect of primed outcome information on agency experiences in patients compared with healthy controls. Whereas patients and controls differed on BACS and marginally on SSB scores, these differences were not related to patients’ impairments in prime-based agency inferences. Conclusions Patients showed impairments in prime-based agency inferences, thereby replicating previous studies. This finding could not be explained by cognitive dysfunction or SSB. Results are discussed in the context of the recent surge to understand and examine deficits in agency experiences in schizophrenia.

Published
2018

19. Impaired self-agency inferences in schizophrenia: The role of cognitive capacity and causal reasoning style

Author

Leerstoel Ridder, Leerstoel Aarts, Stress and self-regulation, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Prikken, Merel, van der Weiden, A., Kahn, R.R., Aarts, H., van Haren, N.E.M., Leerstoel Ridder, Leerstoel Aarts, Stress and self-regulation, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Prikken, Merel, van der Weiden, A., Kahn, R.R., Aarts, H., and van Haren, N.E.M.

Published
2018

20. Efficacy of different types of cognitive enhancers for patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis

Author

Affectieve & Psychotische Med., Onderzoek Bob Oranje, Brain, Sinkeviciute, Igne, Begemann, Marieke, Prikken, Merel, Oranje, Bob, Johnsen, Erik, Lei, Wan U., Hugdahl, Kenneth, Kroken, Rune A., Rau, Carina, Jacobs, Jolien D., Mattaroccia, Silvia, Sommer, Iris E., Affectieve & Psychotische Med., Onderzoek Bob Oranje, Brain, Sinkeviciute, Igne, Begemann, Marieke, Prikken, Merel, Oranje, Bob, Johnsen, Erik, Lei, Wan U., Hugdahl, Kenneth, Kroken, Rune A., Rau, Carina, Jacobs, Jolien D., Mattaroccia, Silvia, and Sommer, Iris E.

Published
2018

22. Impaired self-agency inferences in schizophrenia: The role of cognitive capacity and causal reasoning style

Author

Prikken, Merel, van der Weiden, A., Kahn, R.R., Aarts, H., van Haren, N.E.M., Leerstoel Ridder, Leerstoel Aarts, Stress and self-regulation, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Ridder, Leerstoel Aarts, Stress and self-regulation, and Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour

Subjects
Adult, Male, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Context (language use), 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Surveys and Questionnaires, Agency (sociology), Journal Article, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Self-agency, Set (psychology), Problem Solving, Sense of agency, Attributional style, 05 social sciences, Psychosis, Self Efficacy, Self-serving bias, Psychiatry and Mental health, Case-Control Studies, Schizophrenia, Female, Schizophrenic Psychology, Psychology, Attribution, Neurocognitive, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract

BackgroundThe sense of self-agency, i.e., experiencing oneself as the cause of one's own actions, is impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Normally, inferences of self-agency are enhanced when actual outcomes match with pre-activated outcome information, where this pre-activation can result from explicitly set goals (i.e., goal-based route) or implicitly primed outcome information (i.e., prime-based route). Previous research suggests that patients show specific impairments in the prime-based route, implicating that they do not rely on matches between implicitly available outcome information and actual action-outcomes when inferring self-agency. The question remains: Why? Here, we examine whether neurocognitive functioning and self-serving bias (SSB) may explain abnormalities in patients’ agency inferences.MethodsThirty-six patients and 36 healthy controls performed a commonly used agency inference task to measure goal- and prime-based self-agency inferences. Neurocognitive functioning was assessed with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and the SSB was assessed with the Internal Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire.ResultsResults showed a substantial smaller effect of primed outcome information on agency experiences in patients compared with healthy controls. Whereas patients and controls differed on BACS and marginally on SSB scores, these differences were not related to patients’ impairments in prime-based agency inferences.ConclusionsPatients showed impairments in prime-based agency inferences, thereby replicating previous studies. This finding could not be explained by cognitive dysfunction or SSB. Results are discussed in the context of the recent surge to understand and examine deficits in agency experiences in schizophrenia.

Published
2017

25. Abnormal agency experiences in schizophrenia patients: examining the role of psychotic symptoms and familial risk

Author

Leerstoel Ridder, Leerstoel Aarts, Stress and self-regulation, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Prikken, Merel, van der Weiden, A., Renes, R.A., Koevoets, Martijn G J C, Heering, H.D., Kahn, R.R., Aarts, H., Haren, N.E.M., Leerstoel Ridder, Leerstoel Aarts, Stress and self-regulation, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Prikken, Merel, van der Weiden, A., Renes, R.A., Koevoets, Martijn G J C, Heering, H.D., Kahn, R.R., Aarts, H., and Haren, N.E.M.

Published
2017

26. Abnormal agency experiences in schizophrenia patients: Examining the role of psychotic symptoms and familial risk

Author

Onderzoeksgroep 4, Brain, Onderzoek, Prikken, Merel, van der Weiden, Anouk, Renes, Robert A., Koevoets, Godefridus J C, Heering, Henriette D., Kahn, René S., Aarts, Henk, van Haren, Neeltje E M, Onderzoeksgroep 4, Brain, Onderzoek, Prikken, Merel, van der Weiden, Anouk, Renes, Robert A., Koevoets, Godefridus J C, Heering, Henriette D., Kahn, René S., Aarts, Henk, and van Haren, Neeltje E M

Published
2017

29. Individual differences in action co-representation: not personal distress or subclinical psychotic experiences but sex composition modulates joint action performance

Author

Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Ridder, Leerstoel Aarts, van der Weiden, Anouk, Aarts, Henk, Prikken, Merel, van Haren, Neeltje E M, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Ridder, Leerstoel Aarts, van der Weiden, Anouk, Aarts, Henk, Prikken, Merel, and van Haren, Neeltje E M

Published
2016

30. Impaired frontal processing during agency inferences in schizophrenia

Author

Onderzoeksgroep 4, Brain, Onderzoek, Renes, Robert A., Vink, Matthijs, van der Weiden, Anouk, Prikken, Merel, Koevoets, Martijn G J C, Kahn, René S., Aarts, Henk, van Haren, Neeltje E M, Onderzoeksgroep 4, Brain, Onderzoek, Renes, Robert A., Vink, Matthijs, van der Weiden, Anouk, Prikken, Merel, Koevoets, Martijn G J C, Kahn, René S., Aarts, Henk, and van Haren, Neeltje E M

Published
2016

32. Impaired frontal processing during agency inferences in schizophrenia

Author

Renes, Robert A, Vink, Matthijs, van der Weiden, Anouk, Prikken, Merel, Koevoets, Martijn G J C, Kahn, René S, Aarts, Henk, van Haren, Neeltje E M, Renes, Robert A, Vink, Matthijs, van der Weiden, Anouk, Prikken, Merel, Koevoets, Martijn G J C, Kahn, René S, Aarts, Henk, and van Haren, Neeltje E M

Abstract

People generally experience themselves as the cause of outcomes following from their own actions. Such agency inferences occur fluently and are essential to social interaction. However, schizophrenia patients often experience difficulties in distinguishing their own actions from those of others. Building on recent research into the neural substrates underlying agency inferences in healthy individuals, the present study investigates how these inferences are represented on a neural level in patients with schizophrenia. Thirty-one schizophrenia patients and 31 healthy controls performed an agency inference task while functional magnetic resonance images were obtained. Participants were presented with a task wherein the relationship between their actions and the subsequent outcomes was ambiguous. They received instructions to cause specific outcomes to occur by pressing a key, but the task was designed to match or mismatch the color outcome with the participants' goal. Both groups experienced stronger agency when their goal matched (vs. mismatched) the outcome. However, region of interest analyses revealed that only controls showed the expected involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex and superior frontal gyrus, whereas in patients the agency experience was not related to brain activation. These findings are discussed in light of a hypofrontality model of schizophrenia.

Published
2015

33. Self-other integration and distinction in schizophrenia: A theoretical analysis and a review of the evidence

Author

van der Weiden, A., Prikken, Merel, van Haren, Neeltje, van der Weiden, A., Prikken, Merel, and van Haren, Neeltje

Abstract

Difficulties in self-other processing lie at the core of schizophrenia and pose a problem for patients’ daily social functioning. In the present selective review, we provide a framework for understanding self-other integration and distinction, and impairments herein in schizophrenia. For this purpose, we discuss classic motor prediction models in relation to mirror neuron functioning, theory of mind, mimicry, self-awareness, and self-agency phenomena. Importantly, we also discuss the role of more recent cognitive expectation models in these phenomena, and argue that these cognitive models form an essential contribution to our understanding of self-other integration and distinction. In doing so, we bring together different lines of research and connect findings from social psychology, affective neuropsychology, and psychiatry to further our understanding of when and how people integrate versus distinguish self and other, and how this goes wrong in schizophrenia patients.

Published
2015

34. Abnormalities in the experience of self-agency in schizophrenia: A replication study

Author

Renes, Robert, van der Weiden, Anouk, Prikken, Merel, Kahn, René, Aarts, Henk, van Haren, Neeltje, Renes, Robert, van der Weiden, Anouk, Prikken, Merel, Kahn, René, Aarts, Henk, and van Haren, Neeltje

Abstract

People usually experience agency over their actions and subsequent outcomes. These agency inferences over action-outcomes are essential to social interaction, and occur when an actual outcome corresponds with either a specific goal (goal-based), and matches with action-outcome information that is subtly pre-activated in the situation at hand (prime-based). Recent research showed that schizophrenia patients exhibit goal-based inferences, but not prime-based inferences. Intrigued by these findings, and underscoring their potential role in explaining poor social functioning, we replicate patients’ deficit in prime-based agency inferences. Additionally, we exclude the account that patients are unable to visually process and attend to primed information.

Published
2015

35. Impaired frontal processing during agency inferences in schizophrenia

Author

Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Aarts, Leerstoel Ridder, Renes, Robert A, Vink, Matthijs, van der Weiden, Anouk, Prikken, Merel, Koevoets, Martijn G J C, Kahn, René S, Aarts, Henk, van Haren, Neeltje E M, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Aarts, Leerstoel Ridder, Renes, Robert A, Vink, Matthijs, van der Weiden, Anouk, Prikken, Merel, Koevoets, Martijn G J C, Kahn, René S, Aarts, Henk, and van Haren, Neeltje E M

Published
2015

37. Abnormalities in the experience of self-agency in schizophrenia: A replication study

Author

Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Aarts, Leerstoel Ridder, Renes, Robert, van der Weiden, Anouk, Prikken, Merel, Kahn, René, Aarts, Henk, van Haren, Neeltje, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Aarts, Leerstoel Ridder, Renes, Robert, van der Weiden, Anouk, Prikken, Merel, Kahn, René, Aarts, Henk, and van Haren, Neeltje

Published
2015

41. 12.3 SENSE OF OWNERSHIP AND SENSE OF AGENCY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS.

Author

Haren, Neeltje Van, Weiden, Anouk Van Der, Aarts, Henk, and Prikken, Merel

Subjects
PSYCHOTHERAPY patients, SCHIZOPHRENIA, CONFERENCES & conventions, PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, PATIENTS' attitudes, SELF-perception
Abstract

Background Without thinking we accept that we possess a body with which we act upon the world. The feeling of mineness that we perceive toward our body parts, our thoughts and our feelings is referred to as sense of ownership (SoO), whereas sense of agency (SoA) refers to the experience of being the agent of own action and subsequent outcomes. Patients with schizophrenia may complain about the feeling they are not the subject of their own movements. Sometimes such experiences are explained by disturbances in the sense of body ownership. Others explain this feeling as a disturbance in the experience of self-agency. In a first attempt to understand the association between SoA and SoO, we investigated sense of body ownership and self-agency experiences in patients with schizophrenia. Methods With a Rubber Hand Illusion paradigm, body ownership was assessed in 54 patients with schizophrenia and 56 age and gender matched controls. In this paradigm, a visible rubber hand and the invisible real hand were stroked either synchronously or asynchronously. Subsequently, proprioceptive drift and subjective RHI were measured. With the Action-Inference task, goal-based and prime-based self-agency inferences were assessed in 36 patients and 36 controls. In this task participants believed they were in control of a rotating square that traversed along a path. Participants indicated after each trial to what extent they felt they caused the square to stop at a specific location (i.e. experienced self-agency). Results Both groups showed the rubber hand illusion, i.e. a stronger proprioceptive drift and higher subjective ratings of the RHI after synchronous compared with asynchronous stroking (all p<0.001). The effect of synchronicity on subjective RHI was significantly stronger in patients with schizophrenia as compared with healthy individuals (p=0.03). In patients the subjective RHI was related to severity of delusions (rho=0.36). A significant effect of goals and primes on agency inferences was found in both groups (p's<0.001). Compared with healthy controls, patients were less informed by primes when inferring self-agency (p=0.02). Conclusions This study confirms alterations in SoO and SoA in patients with schizophrenia. Group differences were particularly found in multisensory integration processes related to the embodiment (not proprioceptive drift) and in prime-based (not goal-based) agency-inferences. A possible explanation might come from the distinction between bottom-up (i.e. sensory/motor input) and top-down mechanisms (i.e. cognitive representation of body schema, belief, learned knowledge) that influence SoA and SoO, that is, altered cognitive representations may influence embodiment and implicit agency-inference processing, but not proprioceptive drift and goal-based agency inferencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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