Background: The Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare (MHCSW) since 2005 has been promoting, in collaboration with the Autonomous Communities (AC) and the Scientific Societies (SC), among them the Spanish Society for Healthcare Quality (SSHCQ), the Patient Safety Strategy (PSS). PSS 2015-2020 develops relevant aspects of patient safety (PS), such as risk management, reporting and learning systems (RLS), as well as promoting an adequate response when an adverse event (AE) unexpectedly occurs. The present work describes the current situation of the different AC in relation to these topics., Material and Methods: A Descriptive study, based on a survey developed ad hoc within the framework of the agreement between the MHCSW and SSHCQ, was conducted at national level. The questions' topics, prepared by consensus of the work team, considered the implementation of RLS and AE analysis, and legal protection for professionals involved in an AE in the AC., Results: A total of 17 surveys were collected (16 AC and INGESA). All ACs had a RLS, a structure to support PS activities but very heterogeneous. Some ACs had a response plan to an AE and had established a coordination protocol with legal services to support patients and professionals involved in an AE. Some ACs had enacted some laws and regulations to facilitate PS culture., Conclusions: The ACs have risk management structures that lead the plans in PS, reporting and learning systems and have experience in the analysis of near miss and AE. However, a regulatory change that increases the legal safety of professionals to provide an adequate response to the AEs is a priority. This challenge should involve leaders of health organizations, scientific societies and professional associations, national and regional health authorities as it has been done in other European countries., (Copyright © 2019 FECA. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)