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5. Site U1491

Author

Fryer, P., primary, Wheat, C.G., additional, Williams, T., additional, Albers, E., additional, Bekins, B., additional, Debret, B.P.R., additional, Deng, J., additional, Dong, Y., additional, Eickenbusch, P., additional, Frery, E.A., additional, Ichiyama, Y., additional, Johnson, K., additional, Johnston, R.M., additional, Kevorkian, R.T., additional, Kurz, W., additional, Magalhaes, V., additional, Mantovanelli, S.S., additional, Menapace, W., additional, Menzies, C.D., additional, Michibayashi, K., additional, Moyer, C.L., additional, Mullane, K.K., additional, Park, J.-W., additional, Price, R.E., additional, Ryan, J.G., additional, Shervais, J.W., additional, Sissmann, O.J., additional, Suzuki, S., additional, Takai, K., additional, Walter, B., additional, and Zhang, R., additional

Published
2018
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6. Expedition 366 summary

Author

Fryer, P., primary, Wheat, C.G., additional, Williams, T., additional, Albers, E.J., additional, Bekins, B., additional, Debret, B.P.R., additional, Deng, J., additional, Dong, Y., additional, Eickenbusch, P., additional, Frery, E.A., additional, Ichiyama, Y., additional, Johnson, K., additional, Johnston, R.M., additional, Kevorkian, R.T., additional, Kurz, W., additional, Magalhaes, V., additional, Mantovanelli, S.S., additional, Menapace, W., additional, Menzies, C.D., additional, Michibayashi, K., additional, Moyer, C.L., additional, Mullane, K.K., additional, Park, J.-W., additional, Price, R.E., additional, Ryan, J.G., additional, Shervais, J.W., additional, Sissmann, O.J., additional, Suzuki, S., additional, Takai, K., additional, Walter, B., additional, and Zhang, R., additional

Published
2018
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7. Site 1200

Author

Fryer, P., primary, Wheat, C.G., additional, Williams, T., additional, Albers, E., additional, Bekins, B., additional, Debret, B.P.R., additional, Deng, J., additional, Dong, Y., additional, Eickenbusch, P., additional, Frery, E.A., additional, Ichiyama, Y., additional, Johnson, K., additional, Johnston, R.M., additional, Kevorkian, R.T., additional, Kurz, W., additional, Magalhaes, V., additional, Mantovanelli, S.S., additional, Menapace, W., additional, Menzies, C.D., additional, Michibayashi, K., additional, Moyer, C.L., additional, Mullane, K.K., additional, Park, J.-W., additional, Price, R.E., additional, Ryan, J.G., additional, Shervais, J.W., additional, Sissmann, O.J., additional, Suzuki, S., additional, Takai, K., additional, Walter, B., additional, and Zhang, R., additional

Published
2018
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8. Expedition 366 methods

Author

Fryer, P., primary, Wheat, C.G., additional, Williams, T., additional, Albers, E., additional, Bekins, B., additional, Debret, B.P.R., additional, Deng, J., additional, Dong, Y., additional, Eickenbusch, P., additional, Frery, E.A., additional, Ichiyama, Y., additional, Johnson, K., additional, Johnston, R.M., additional, Kevorkian, R.T., additional, Kurz, W., additional, Magalhaes, V., additional, Mantovanelli, S.S., additional, Menapace, W., additional, Menzies, C.D., additional, Michibayashi, K., additional, Moyer, C.L., additional, Mullane, K.K., additional, Park, J.-W., additional, Price, R.E., additional, Ryan, J.G., additional, Shervais, J.W., additional, Sissmann, O.J., additional, Suzuki, S., additional, Takai, K., additional, Walter, B., additional, and Zhang, R., additional

Published
2018
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9. Sites U1493, U1494, and U1495

Author

Fryer, P., primary, Wheat, C.G., additional, Williams, T., additional, Albers, E., additional, Bekins, B., additional, Debret, B.P.R., additional, Deng, J., additional, Dong, Y., additional, Eickenbusch, P., additional, Frery, E.A., additional, Ichiyama, Y., additional, Johnson, K., additional, Johnston, R.M., additional, Kevorkian, R.T., additional, Kurz, W., additional, Magalhaes, V., additional, Mantovanelli, S.S., additional, Menapace, W., additional, Menzies, C.D., additional, Michibayashi, K., additional, Moyer, C.L., additional, Mullane, K.K., additional, Park, J.-W., additional, Price, R.E., additional, Ryan, J.G., additional, Shervais, J.W., additional, Sissmann, O.J., additional, Suzuki, S., additional, Takai, K., additional, Walter, B., additional, and Zhang, R., additional

Published
2018
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10. Nanoshell-mediated near-infrared thermal therapy of tumors under magnetic resonance guidance

Author

Hirsch, L.R., Stafford, R.J., Banksont, J.A., Sershen, S.R., Rivera, B., Price, R.E., Hazle, J.D., Halas, N.J., and West, J.L.

Subjects
Cancer -- Care and treatment, Cancer -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

Metal nanoshells are a class of nanoparticles with tunable optical resonances. In this article, an application of this technology to thermal ablative therapy for cancer is described. By tuning the nanoshells to strongly absorb light in the near infrared, where optical transmission through tissue is optimal, a distribution of nanoshells at depth in tissue can be used to deliver a therapeutic dose of heat by using moderately low exposures of extracorporeally applied near-infrared (NIR) light. Human breast carcinoma cells incubated with nanoshells in vitro were found to have undergone photothermally induced morbidity on exposure to NIR light (820 nm, 35 W/[cm.sup.2]), as determined by using a fluorescent viability stain. Cells without nanoshells displayed no loss in viability after the same periods and conditions of NIR illumination. Likewise, in vivo studies under magnetic resonance guidance revealed that exposure to low doses of NIR light (820 nm, 4 W/[cm.sup.2]) in solid tumors treated with metal nanoshells reached average maximum temperatures capable of inducing irreversible tissue damage ([delta]T = 37.4 [+ or -] 6.6[degrees]C) within 4-6 min. Controls treated without nanoshells demonstrated significantly lower average temperatures on exposure to NIR light ([delta]T < 10[degrees]C). These findings demonstrated good correlation with histological findings. Tissues heated above the thermal damage threshold displayed coagulation, cell shrinkage, and loss of nuclear staining, which are indicators of irreversible thermal damage. Control tissues appeared undamaged.

Published
2003

12. Amorphous As-sulfide precipitates from the shallow-water hydrothermal vents off Milos Island (Greece)

Author

Godelitsas, A. Price, R.E. Pichler, T. Amend, J. Gamaletsos, P. Göttlicher, J.

Abstract

Amorphous orpiment-like As-sulfides (As2S3) are the most common As phases precipitating in hydrothermal systems, yet there is a lack of information regarding their solid-state characterization. Using a combination of optical, SEM-EDS, micro-Raman and XANES/EXAFS applications, we investigated yellow-orange As- and S-rich sediments occurring in the shallow-water hydrothermal system off the coast of Milos Island, Greece. The precipitates have several morphologies, but are dominantly colloidal. Intriguing "biological" morphologies also exist (e.g., cell-like (~10μm), spirals (~20μm), and rounded "cinnamon bun" shapes (~20μm)). SEM-EDS data indicated that the precipitates have an As:S ratio similar to orpiment (average=0.58, range 0.51-0.63; n=8). Micro-Raman spectra indicated that orange colored precipitates appear to be dominated by poorly crystalline and/or amorphous arsenic sulfides with micro-amounts of more crystalline orpiment and impure sulfur. The yellow sediments also contained crystalline elemental sulfur in the form S8. Bulk As K-edge XANES spectra of the As-sulfide precipitates proved a valence of As corresponding to orpiment-type (As2S3) compounds (-1 to +3). EXAFS fitting results indicated that the studied material exhibits an amorphous orpiment-like structure with As ions coordinated by 3 sulfur atoms (CN=3.0). The As-S interatomic distance of the first shell is calculated at 2.279Å and the Debye-Waller factor (σ2) is 0.00427. These data suggest that the modeled structure of the studied precipitates is slightly S-deficient and ordered only in the first shell around As, resembling an orpiment-type structure, whereas higher shells are not present and must be disordered. The disorder phenomenon may be strictly produced either by the existence of occasional As-S-As bridges with As-As bonds or by the occurrence of As-O-As bridges, causing twisting of the AsS3 pyramids in the initial orpiment structure. This distortion in the higher coordination shells of the structural sheets creates the amorphous orpiment. © 2015 Elsevier B.V..

Published
2015

20. To the editors

Author

Price, R.E., primary, Stephens, L.C., additional, Ang, K.K., additional, and Peters, L.J., additional

Published
1995
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26. Prokaryotic Populations in Arsenic-Rich Shallow-Sea Hydrothermal Sediments of Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea.

Author

Meyer-Dombard, D.R., Price, R.E., Pichler, T., and Amend, J.P.

Subjects
*PROKARYOTES, *ARSENIC, *HYDROTHERMAL deposits, *ANALYTICAL geochemistry, *HYDROTHERMAL vent ecology, *HYDROTHERMAL vent microbiology, *FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization
Abstract

This study is the first to investigate the microbial ecology of the Tutum Bay (Papua New Guinea) shallow-sea hydrothermal system. The subsurface environment was sampled by SCUBA using push cores, which allowed collection of sediments and pore fluids. Geochemical analysis of sediments and fluids along a transect emanating from a discrete venting environment, about 10 mbsl, revealed a complex fluid flow regime and mixing of hydrothermal fluid with seawater within the sediments, providing a continuously fluctuating redox gradient. Vent fluids are highly elevated in arsenic, up to ∼1 ppm, serving as a “point source” of arsenic to this marine environment. 16S rRNA gene and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) analyses revealed distinct prokaryotic communities in different sediment horizons, numerically dominated by Bacteria. 16S rRNA gene diversity at the genus level is greater among the Bacteria than the Archaea. The majority of taxa were similar to uncultured Crenarchaea, Chloroflexus, and various heterotrophic Bacteria. The archaeal community did not appear to increase significantly in number or diversity with depth in these sediments. Further, the majority of sequences identifying with thermophilic bacteria were found in the shallower section of the sediment core. No 16S rRNA genes of marine Crenarchaeota or Euryarchaeota were identified, and none of the identified Crenarchaeota have been cultured. Both sediment horizons also hosted “Korarchaeota”, which represent 2–5% of the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Metabolic functions, especially among the Archaea, were difficult to constrain given the distant relationships of most of the community members from cultured representatives. Identification of phenotypes and key ecological processes will depend on future culturing, identification of arsenic cycling genes, and RNA-based analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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35. Pressure dissolution-x ray fluorescence determination of platinum metals.

Author

Price R.E., International Precious Metals Institute Conference. Toronto Jun-80Jun-80, Price R.E., and International Precious Metals Institute Conference. Toronto Jun-80Jun-80

Abstract

Pressure dissolution at elevated temperatures by oxidising acid mixtures was initially suggested in 1944 as a means of dissolving Pt-group metals, but the pratical problems involved have led to rather limited use, despite its efficiency and ability to produce a clean solution free from alkali metals. Inco's Acton Refinery have sucessfully developed a technique in which up to 4g of sample may be treated with a variety of oxidising acid mixtures at up to 270 degrees C and pressures approaching 4000 lb/in2 protected sealed glass tubes. Recently, equipment designed by the UKAEA has been introduced successfully. The solutions produced are suitable for analysis by most methods; XRF is used at Acton. Safety aspects of the procedures are emphasised., Pressure dissolution at elevated temperatures by oxidising acid mixtures was initially suggested in 1944 as a means of dissolving Pt-group metals, but the pratical problems involved have led to rather limited use, despite its efficiency and ability to produce a clean solution free from alkali metals. Inco's Acton Refinery have sucessfully developed a technique in which up to 4g of sample may be treated with a variety of oxidising acid mixtures at up to 270 degrees C and pressures approaching 4000 lb/in2 protected sealed glass tubes. Recently, equipment designed by the UKAEA has been introduced successfully. The solutions produced are suitable for analysis by most methods; XRF is used at Acton. Safety aspects of the procedures are emphasised.

Published
1981

36. Test procedures for geomembrane lining systems.

Author

Price R.E., Proceedings 3rd international conference on environmental issues and waste management in energy and mineral production, held in Perth, Western Australia 30-Aug-9401-Sep-94, Williams D.J., Price R.E., Proceedings 3rd international conference on environmental issues and waste management in energy and mineral production, held in Perth, Western Australia 30-Aug-9401-Sep-94, and Williams D.J.

Abstract

Geomembranes used to line tailings dumps and other sites containing hazardous materials must meet stringent requirements. These include properties such as high elongation under multi-axial deformation, chemical resistance over very long periods of time (several decades), maintenance of structural integrity when subjected to rough handling, and ease of seaming or welding. However, the industry has been slow to develop test procedures specific to geomembrane materials; many testing methods currently in use are inappropriate. There is also a need to develop an accepted industry standard for installation procedures, as the performance of a high-quality material could be impaired drastically by poor installation., Geomembranes used to line tailings dumps and other sites containing hazardous materials must meet stringent requirements. These include properties such as high elongation under multi-axial deformation, chemical resistance over very long periods of time (several decades), maintenance of structural integrity when subjected to rough handling, and ease of seaming or welding. However, the industry has been slow to develop test procedures specific to geomembrane materials; many testing methods currently in use are inappropriate. There is also a need to develop an accepted industry standard for installation procedures, as the performance of a high-quality material could be impaired drastically by poor installation.

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