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7. EFFECT OF COTTON FIBER QUALITY ON THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF A MILITARY UNIFORM FABRIC.

Author

Ruppenicker, G.F., Sawhney, A.P., Kimmel, L.B., Price, J.B., and Calamari Jr., T.A.

Abstract

Although cotton has many natural advantages, its use for military uniform fabrics has declined, largely because high strength requirements cause the cotton fabrics to be excessively heavy. Many cotton fabrics treated with modern flame-resistant and easy-care finishes cannot meet the high performance standards required by the military, and are being replaced by fabrics made from synthetic fibers, or blends of cotton with synthetic fibers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cotton fiber properties on the strength and durability of an Army battledress uniform fabric woven with a unique rip-stop design. Cottons differing by as much as 60% in fiber strength were evaluated. Fabrics produced from these cottons were treated with flame-resistant and easy-care finishes. As would be expected, the stronger cottons produced proportionately stronger yarns and greige-state fabrics. However, differences in fabric strength were still preserved after the fabrics were treated with the special finishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004

15. Wall-rock alteration, structural control and stable isotope systematics of the high-grade copper orebodies of the Kennecott district, Alaska.

Author

Price J.B., Hitzman M.W., Humphrey J.D., Johnson C.A., Nelson E.P., Price J.B., Hitzman M.W., Humphrey J.D., Johnson C.A., and Nelson E.P.

Abstract

The Kennecott district contained three important Cu-(Ag) orebodies, Bonanza-Mother Lode, Jumbo, and Erie, and numerous other small occurrences. From 1911 to 1938, the Kennecott Copper Corporation recovered some 4 000 000 Mt of ore averaging 13% Cu and c.65 g/t Ag from these deposits. The host rocks are part of the type section Wrangellia terrane. The deposits consist of a paragenetically early and volumetrically minor assemblage of chalcopyrite-bornite-luzonite-covellite, precipitated between c.180 and 110 degrees C, a dominant stage of chalcocite-djurleite, precipitated between 110 and 90 degrees C, and a minor late assemblage of covellite and digenite (with spionkopite/yarrowite) that probably precipitated at even lower temperatures. As supported by field and isotopic data, the ore deposits are fundamentally high-angle, fault-controlled, open-space fill and replacement veins, formed by mixing an oxidised Cu- and possible sulphate-bearing fluid from the Nikolai greenstone and a reduced sulphide-bearing connate fluid from the Chitistone limestone, during the waning stage of Wrangellia accretion during c.130-110 Ma. The system was probably driven by a combination of heat produced by low-grade metamorphism and gravitational heat from crustal thickening with attendant uplift and later orogenic collapse. Copper deposition was controlled fundamentally by redox reactions with main-stage precipitation occurring at low temperatures., The Kennecott district contained three important Cu-(Ag) orebodies, Bonanza-Mother Lode, Jumbo, and Erie, and numerous other small occurrences. From 1911 to 1938, the Kennecott Copper Corporation recovered some 4 000 000 Mt of ore averaging 13% Cu and c.65 g/t Ag from these deposits. The host rocks are part of the type section Wrangellia terrane. The deposits consist of a paragenetically early and volumetrically minor assemblage of chalcopyrite-bornite-luzonite-covellite, precipitated between c.180 and 110 degrees C, a dominant stage of chalcocite-djurleite, precipitated between 110 and 90 degrees C, and a minor late assemblage of covellite and digenite (with spionkopite/yarrowite) that probably precipitated at even lower temperatures. As supported by field and isotopic data, the ore deposits are fundamentally high-angle, fault-controlled, open-space fill and replacement veins, formed by mixing an oxidised Cu- and possible sulphate-bearing fluid from the Nikolai greenstone and a reduced sulphide-bearing connate fluid from the Chitistone limestone, during the waning stage of Wrangellia accretion during c.130-110 Ma. The system was probably driven by a combination of heat produced by low-grade metamorphism and gravitational heat from crustal thickening with attendant uplift and later orogenic collapse. Copper deposition was controlled fundamentally by redox reactions with main-stage precipitation occurring at low temperatures.

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