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2. Molecular Electronic Devices

Author

Chen, J., Reed, M. A., Dirk, S. M., Price, D. W., Rawlett, A. M., Tour, J. M., Grubisha, D. S., Bennett, D. W., Barsanti, L., editor, Evangelista, V., editor, Gualtieri, P., editor, Passarelli, V., editor, and Vestri, S., editor

Published
2003
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3. Formation, Compression, and Acceleration of Magnetized Plasmas

Author

Degnan, J. H., Bell, D. E., Chesley, A. L., Coffey, S. K., Eddleman, J. L., Englert, S. E., Englert, T. J., Frese, M. H., Gale, D. G., Graham, J. D., Hammer, J., Hartman, C. W., Havranek, J., Hussey, T. W., Kiuttu, G. F., Lehr, F. M., Marklin, G. J., McLean, H. S., Molvik, A. W., Holmberg, C. D., Outten, C. A., Peterkin, R. E., Jr., Price, D. W., Roderick, N. F., Ruden, E. L., Shumlak, U., Turchi, P. J., Watrous, J. J., and Panarella, Emilio, editor

Published
1997
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4. Molecular Wires, Switches, and Memories

Author

CHEN, J., WANG, W., KLEMIC, J., REED, M. A., AXELROD, B. W., KASCHAK, D. M., RAWLETT, A. M., PRICE, D. W., DIRK, S. M., TOUR, J. M., GRUBISHA, D. S., and BENNETT, D. W.

Published
2002

7. Generation of high-energy x-radiation using a plasma flow switch.

Author

Turchi, P. J., Davis, J. F., Alme, M. L., Bird, G., Boyer, C., Coffey, S. K., Conte, D., Seiler, S. W., Baker, W. L., Degnan, J. H., Hall, D. J., Holmes, J. L., McCullough, W. F., Price, D. W., Buff, J., Frese, M. H., Peterkin, R. E., Roderick, N. F., Graham, J. D., and Lopez, E.A.

Subjects
CAPACITOR banks, ELECTRIC currents, X-rays
Abstract

Discusses experiments in which a multimegampere, multimegajoule capacitor bank provides current to a vacuum inductive store and plasma flow switch arrangement. Background on the plasma flow switch; Schematic of plasma flow switch operation; Discussion on x-ray production.

Published
1991
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8. Puff-gas coaxial-injected electromagnetic coaxial plasma gun.

Author

Degnan, J. H., Baker, W. L., Warren, S. W. R., Price, D. W., Snell, M. P., Richter-Sand, R. J., and Turchi, P. J.

Subjects
PULSED power systems, CAPACITORS, ELECTRODES, CATHODES
Abstract

Presents a study that designed, built and tested a pulsed gas-injection electromagnetic coaxial plasma gun driven by a capacitor bank. Components of the outer electrode or cathode of the coaxial gun; Approximate capacitor discharge parameters for the lower puff-gas-valve system; Possible complication in obtaining data from magnetic probes inserted in the plasma flow region.

Published
1987
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9. High-energy photon spectra from a coaxial gas-puff experiment.

Author

Warren, S. W. R., Degnan, J. H., Beason, C. W., Price, D. W., and Snell, M. P.

Subjects
SCINTILLATORS, PHOTOMULTIPLIERS, PHOTON beams, DECONVOLUTION (Mathematics), SPECTRUM analysis
Abstract

Presents a study that used an array of plastic scintillator photomultiplier detectors to determine the high energy photon spectra of a gas-injected coaxial gun experiment. Features of coaxial gun discharges; Measurement of the photon pulse generated in the vacuum vessel; Capabilities of the deconvolution code.

Published
1987
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16. Molecular Random Access Memory Cell

Author

YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, Reed, M. A., Chen, J., Rawlett, A. M., Price, D. W., Tour, J. M., YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, Reed, M. A., Chen, J., Rawlett, A. M., Price, D. W., and Tour, J. M.

Abstract

Electronically programmable memory devices utilizing molecular self-assembled monolayers are reported. The devices exhibit electronically programmable and erasable memory bits compatible with conventional threshold levels and a memory cell applicable to a random access memory is demonstrated. Bit retention times >15 min have been observed., Pub. in Applied Physics Letters, v78 n23 p3735-3737, 4 Jun 2001.

Published
2001

19. Room-Temperature Negative Differential Resistance in Nanoscale Molecular Junctions

Author

YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, Chen, J., Wang, W., Reed, M. A., Rawlett, A. M., Price, D. W., Tour, J. M., YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, Chen, J., Wang, W., Reed, M. A., Rawlett, A. M., Price, D. W., and Tour, J. M.

Abstract

Molecular devices are reported utilizing active self-assembled monolayers containing the nitroamine [2'-amino-4,4'-di(ethynylphenyl)-5'-nitro-1-benzenethiolate] or the nitro compound [4,4'-di(ethynylphenyl)-2'-nitro-1-benzenethiolate] as the active components. Both of these compounds have active redox centers. Current voltage measurements of the devices exhibited negative differential resistance at room temperature and an on off peak-to-valley ratio in excess of 1000:1 at low temperature., Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physics Letters, v77 n8 p1224-1226, 21 Aug 2000. Supported in part by DARPA.

Published
2000

20. Amplification of an ultrashort pulse laser by stimulated Raman scattering of a 1ns pulse in a low density plasma

Author

Kirkwood, R. K., primary, Dewald, E., additional, Niemann, C., additional, Meezan, N., additional, Wilks, S. C., additional, Price, D. W., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Wurtele, J., additional, Charman, A. E., additional, Lindberg, R., additional, Fisch, N. J., additional, Malkin, V. M., additional, and Valeo, E. O., additional

Published
2007
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25. Proton radiography as an electromagnetic field and density perturbation diagnostic (invited)

Author

Mackinnon, A. J., primary, Patel, P. K., additional, Town, R. P., additional, Edwards, M. J., additional, Phillips, T., additional, Lerner, S. C., additional, Price, D. W., additional, Hicks, D., additional, Key, M. H., additional, Hatchett, S., additional, Wilks, S. C., additional, Borghesi, M., additional, Romagnani, L., additional, Kar, S., additional, Toncian, T., additional, Pretzler, G., additional, Willi, O., additional, Koenig, M., additional, Martinolli, E., additional, Lepape, S., additional, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., additional, Audebert, P., additional, Gauthier, J. C., additional, King, J., additional, Snavely, R., additional, Freeman, R. R., additional, and Boehlly, T., additional

Published
2004
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29. Fabrication approach for molecular memory arrays

Author

Li, Chao, primary, Zhang, Daihua, additional, Liu, Xiaolei, additional, Han, Song, additional, Tang, Tao, additional, Zhou, Chongwu, additional, Fan, Wendy, additional, Koehne, Jessica, additional, Han, Jie, additional, Meyyappan, Meyya, additional, Rawlett, A. M., additional, Price, D. W., additional, and Tour, J. M., additional

Published
2003
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33. Plasma Beam Measurements

Author

WEAPONS LAB (AFSC) KIRTLAND AFB NM, Degnan, J. H., Dietz, D., Holmes, J. L., Kiuttu, G. F., Price, D. W., Richter-Sand, R. J., Ruden, E. L., Sovinec, C. R., Struve, K., WEAPONS LAB (AFSC) KIRTLAND AFB NM, Degnan, J. H., Dietz, D., Holmes, J. L., Kiuttu, G. F., Price, D. W., Richter-Sand, R. J., Ruden, E. L., Sovinec, C. R., and Struve, K.

Abstract

Coaxial plasma gun plasma parameters were determined using a diagnostic array to observe electron density, temperature, luminosity, beam target interactions, target luminosity, magnetic fields and ion species. Diagnostics included He-Ne and CO2 laser and 94 GHz microwave interferometry, visible spectrometry using an optical multichannel analyzer, rotating mirror fast framing camera, gated microchannel plate framing cameras, optical vacuum photodiodes, X-ray diodes aad inductive magnetic probes. The plasma gun was operated with 126 or 252 microfarads, 18 kV discharges with Ar or H gas. For these conditions, 70-80 km/s average plasma velocity and 0.5-2 eV plasma electron temperature was observed. The dominant plasma ionic species was Si+1 with a quartz insulator; with an alumina insulator, Al+1 and Al+2 were the dominant species. The plasma was self-luminous for 1.5-3 m. Interferometry showed averaged electron densities of 10 to the 15th power/cc. The plasma showed MHD instabilities. Plasma currents were 0.5-1.5 kA. Fast plasma velocities contributed less than 1 percent of the total beam energy., Prepared collaboration with Mission Research Corp., Albuquerque, NM and North Star, Albuquerque, NM.

Published
1991

35. Current Delivery and Radiation Yield in Plasma Flow Switch-Driven Implosions

Author

Baker, W. L., primary, Degnan, J. H., additional, Beason, J. D., additional, Bird, G., additional, Boyer, C. N., additional, Buff, J. S., additional, Coffey, S. K., additional, Davis, J. F., additional, Frese, M. H., additional, Graham, J. D., additional, Hackett, K. E., additional, Hall, D. J., additional, Holmes, J. L., additional, Lopez, E. A., additional, Peterkin, R. E., additional, Price, D. W., additional, Roderick, N. F., additional, Seiler, S. W., additional, and Turchi, P. J., additional

Published
1995
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36. Multimegajoule Electromagnetic Implosion of Shaped Solid-Density Liners

Author

Degnan, J. H., primary, Baker, W. L., additional, Alme, M. L., additional, Boyer, C., additional, Buff, J. S., additional, Beason, J. D., additional, Clouse, C. J., additional, Coffey, S. K., additional, Dietz, D., additional, Frese, M. H., additional, Graham, J. D., additional, Hall, D. J., additional, Holmes, J. L., additional, Lopez, E. A., additional, Peterkin, R. E., additional, Price, D. W., additional, Roderick, N. F., additional, Seiler, S. W., additional, Sovinec, C. R., additional, and Turchi, P. J., additional

Published
1995
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37. Compression of Compact Toroids in Conical-Coaxial Geometry

Author

Degnan, J. H., primary, Baca, G. P., additional, Bell, D. E., additional, Bird, G., additional, Chesley, A. L., additional, Coffey, S. K., additional, Dearborn, M. E., additional, Douglas, M. R., additional, Englert, S. E., additional, Englert, T. J., additional, Gale, D., additional, Graham, J. D., additional, Hackett, K. E., additional, Holmes, J. H., additional, Hussey, T. W., additional, Kiuttu, G. F., additional, Lehr, F. M., additional, Marklin, G. J., additional, Mullins, B. W., additional, Peterkin, R. E., additional, Price, D. W., additional, Roderick, N. F., additional, Ruden, E. L., additional, Scott, M., additional, Seiler, S. W., additional, Sommars, W., additional, and Turchi, P. J., additional

Published
1995
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38. Electromagnetic Implosion of Spherical Liner

Author

Degnan, J. H., primary, Lehr, F. M., additional, Beason, J. D., additional, Baca, G. P., additional, Bell, D. E., additional, Chesley, A. L., additional, Coffey, S. K., additional, Dietz, D., additional, Dunlap, D. B., additional, Englert, S. E., additional, Englert, T. J., additional, Gale, D. G., additional, Graham, J. D., additional, Havranek, J. J., additional, Holmberg, C. D., additional, Hussey, T. W., additional, Lewis, R. A., additional, Outten, C. A., additional, Peterkin, R. E., additional, Price, D. W., additional, Roderick, N. F., additional, Ruden, E. L., additional, Shumlak, U., additional, Smith, G. A., additional, and Turchi, P. J., additional

Published
1995
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39. Compact toroid formation, compression, and acceleration

Author

Degnan, J. H., primary, Peterkin, R. E., additional, Baca, G. P., additional, Beason, J. D., additional, Bell, D. E., additional, Dearborn, M. E., additional, Dietz, D., additional, Douglas, M. R., additional, Englert, S. E., additional, Englert, T. J., additional, Hackett, K. E., additional, Holmes, J. H., additional, Hussey, T. W., additional, Kiuttu, G. F., additional, Lehr, F. M., additional, Marklin, G. J., additional, Mullins, B. W., additional, Price, D. W., additional, Roderick, N. F., additional, Ruden, E. L., additional, Sovinec, C. R., additional, Turchi, P. J., additional, Bird, G., additional, Coffey, S. K., additional, Seiler, S. W., additional, Chen, Y. G., additional, Gale, D., additional, Graham, J. D., additional, Scott, M., additional, and Sommars, W., additional

Published
1993
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40. Amplification of an ultrashort pulse laser by stimulated Raman scattering of a 1 ns pulse in a low density plasma.

Author

Kirkwood, R. K., Dewald, E., Niemann, C., Meezan, N., Wilks, S. C., Price, D. W., Landen, O. L., Wurtele, J., Charman, A. E., Lindberg, R., Fisch, N. J., Malkin, V. M., and Valeo, E. O.

Subjects
PHYSICS experiments, PLASMA gases, RAMAN effect, LASER beams, WAVELENGTHS, PLASMA density
Abstract

Experiments are described in which a 1 mJ, 1 ps, 1200 nm seed laser beam is amplified by the interaction with an intersecting 350 J, 1 ns, 1054 nm pump beam in a low density (1×1019/cm3) plasma. The transmission of the seed beam is observed to be enhanced by >=25× when the plasma is near the resonant density for stimulated Raman scattering, compared to measured transmissions at wavelengths just below the resonant value. The amplification is observed to increase rapidly with increases in both pump intensity and plasma density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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41. First observation of Moiré fringes in a proton beam generated by a 100 fs laser pulse.

Author

Mackinnon, A. J., Patel, P. K., Price, D. W., Hicks, D., Borghesi, M., and Romagnani, L.

Subjects
MOIRE topography, PROTON beams, SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments
Abstract

High contrast Moire fringes have been observed when two gratings were inserted into a proton beam produced from the interaction of a 100 TW laser beam with a thin solid foil. Moiré fringes with modulation close to 20% were observed in protons with energies between 4 and 7 MeV. The fringes were rotated with respect to a collimated optical test beam, a finding consistent with the protons originating from a point source close to the original target surface. These important results indicate that proton Moiré can be used as a high precision diagnostic of proton beam deflections from electric and magnetic fields in plasmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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43. Comparative Study of Electrochemically Directed Assembly versus Conventional Self-Assembly of Thioacetyl-Terminated Oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s on Gold and Platinum Surfaces

Author

Cheng, L., Yang, J., Yao, Y., Price, D. W., Jr., Dirk, S. M., and Tour, J. M.

Abstract

The assembly of thioacetyl-terminated oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s (OPEs) on Au and Pt surfaces under an electric potential (electrochemical assembly, EA) was compared to assembly at an open circuit (conventional self-assembly, CSA). Cyclic voltammetry and ellipsometry were used to characterize the adsorption kinetics of self-assembled monolayers formed by these two techniques. The adsorption rate of the EA was remarkably faster at positive potentials but slower at negative potentials than that of the CSA. The EA at 400 mV proceeded about 800 times faster than the CSA when exposed to the same solution concentrations. The adsorption rates of both EA and CSA were found to be dependent on the molecular structures of OPEs. OPEs containing electron-donating groups assemble faster than those with electron-withdrawing groups. The amount of time that the thioacetyl-terminated OPE is in the presence of the base, for removal of the acetyl group to generate the thiolate, is called the deprotection time. Deprotection times play a critical role in achieving the maximum difference in adsorption rates between the EA and the CSA. The assembly must be initiated no later than 5 min after the basic deprotection is commenced so that the thiolate concentration remains low. The difference in the adsorption rates between EA and CSA might enable selective deposition of certain OPEs onto specific electrodes.

Published
2004

44. Self-Assembled Oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) Molecular Electronic Switch Monolayers on Gold:  Structures and Chemical Stability

Author

Stapleton, J. J., Harder, P., Daniel, T. A., Reinard, M. D., Yao, Y., Price, D. W., Tour, J. M., and Allara, D. L.

Abstract

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the nitro-substituted oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) (OPE) 4,4‘-(diethynylphenyl)-2‘-nitro-1-benzenethiolate on Au{111} were prepared, and the structures were characterized by multiple techniques, including infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Assembly of the nitro-OPE SAM, either via acidic hydrolysis of the thioacetate derivative or from the thiol in pure solvent, produces a well-ordered SAM with a (√3 × √3) superlattice structure and an average molecular tilt of 32−39° from the surface normal. In comparison, SAMs prepared from the unsubstituted OPE show the same lattice structure and a similar tilt of ~33°. In contrast, when the nitro-OPE SAM is assembled by hydrolysis of the thioacetate derivative under basic conditions, extensive redox reactions arise in which oxidation of the S atoms occurs with accompanying reduction of −NO2 to −NH2, apparently via intermediates including −NH(OH), to form mixed composition SAMs typically containing ~30% of the amino-substituted molecule. Further, the nitro-OPE SAM, regardless of the preparation method, shows significant chemical instability under storage in air and/or light exposure. Since the nitro-OPE molecule and molecules with related structures are of considerable interest for molecular electronics applications, these results indicate that extreme diligence must be used in designing conditions for the fabrication of devices utilizing these SAMs.

Published
2003

45. Chemical and Potential-Assisted Assembly of Thiolacetyl-Terminated Oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s on Gold Surfaces

Author

Cai, L., Yao, Y., Yang, J., Price, D. W., Jr., and Tour, J. M.

Abstract

Reliable and reproducible methods have been developed for the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiolacetyl-terminated oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s on a Au surface. The thiolacetyl groups are deprotected in situ and transformed to the free thiol, which then spontaneously forms a SAM. The SAMs are characterized by ellipsometry and electrochemistry, while the solutions are characterized by UV−vis spectroscopy. The results indicate that the previously described NH4OH/THF mixture is a poor choice for deprotection of thiols bearing multiple nitro substituents. Conversely, use of the more polar system acetone/MeOH/NH4OH or acid conditions CH2Cl2/MeOH/H2SO4 permits the formation of SAMs with thicknesses that are consistent with the predicted length of the molecules. However, the latter acid mixture appears to be less destructive to the highly electron-deficient multinitro oligomers when analyzed by UV−vis spectroscopy. The potential-assisted assembly is 1−2 orders of magnitude faster than the chemical method. This technique can be directly used to assemble different conjugated oligomers on one electrode to the exclusion of a nearby electrode.

Published
2002
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