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Este ensayo parte de dos textos del filósofo contemporáneo Byung-Chul Han: La sociedad de la transparencia (2013) e Infocracia. La digitalización y la crisis de la democracia (2022); rescata algunas tesis del surcoreano sobre la transparencia y la democracia y las usa como lentes o perspectivas para reflexionar sobre un tema que Han no aborda: las prácticas de prevención de la corrupción por parte de los Estados y las empresas.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and multimodal imaging features in a case of resolution of pre-macular fibrosis after photodynamic therapy (PDT) of retinal hemangioblastoma (RH) not related to von-Hippel-Lindau (VHL). Observations: A 25-year-old man presenting with blurred vision and central metamorphopsia in his left eye (LE) due to macular epiretinal membrane secondary to a peripheral RH. The patient had a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), wide-field fundus photography and autofluorescence (FAF), wide-field optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA), fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and ocular ultrasound. Baseline BCVA was 20/200 in his LE, and it improved to 20/40 nineteen months after anti-VEGF and photodynamic therapy were performed. The treatment led to a progressive shrinkage of the tumor and associated intraretinal exudation, and to a progressive resolution of the epiretinal membrane. Conclusions and importance: Treatments performed on the peripheral retina may result in changes at the level of the vitreo-retinal interface in the macular region. In our patient, after an intravitreal anti-VEGF associated with PDT, a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was induced resulting in auto-peeling of the macular epiretinal membrane secondary to a peripheral RH. An accurate assessment of the macular area by OCT is highly recommended in the first days following treatments.

This review, through the collection and comparative analysis of the most recent literature, aims to analyze the new trends in archaeometric analysis and some selected laboratory techniques aimed at determining the provenance, the physical–chemical characteristics, and the state of decay of archaeological finds of different types (ancient manuscripts, paintings, frescoes, and ceramics). In particular, the methodologies and analytical techniques relating to Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, laser ablation, IR spectroscopy, LIBS, and Thz spectroscopy were compared and tabulated, with the aim of determining the appropriateness of each technique applied to various archaeological items. This will provide guidelines for the right conservation and restoration strategies. The work was also based on the construction of comparative tables of the consulted scientific literature and on the analysis of the research trends by using the Google Trends app.

Abstract Neuropsychiatric abnormalities may be broadly divided in two categories: disorders of mood, affect, and behavior and abnormalities affecting cognition. Among these conditions, clinical depression, anxiety and neurocognitive disorders are the most common in multiple sclerosis (MS), with a substantial impact on patients’ quality of life and adherence to treatments. Such manifestations may occur from the earliest phases of the disease but become more frequent in MS patients with a progressive disease course and more severe clinical disability. Although the pathogenesis of these neuropsychiatric manifestations has not been fully defined yet, brain structural and functional abnormalities, consistently observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), together with genetic and immunologic factors, have been suggested to be key players. Even though the detrimental clinical impact of such manifestations in MS patients is a matter of crucial importance, at present, they are often overlooked in the clinical setting. Moreover, the efficacy of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches for their amelioration has been poorly investigated, with the majority of studies showing marginal or no beneficial effect of different therapeutic approaches, possibly due to the presence of multiple and heterogeneous underlying pathological mechanisms and intrinsic methodological limitations. A better evaluation of these manifestations in the clinical setting and improvements in the understanding of their pathophysiology may offer the potential to develop tools for differentiating these mechanisms in individual patients and ultimately provide a principled basis for treatment selection. This review provides an updated overview regarding the pathophysiology of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in MS, the clinical and MRI characteristics that have been associated with mood disorders (i.e., depression and anxiety) and cognitive impairment, and the treatment approaches currently available or under investigation.

Abstract Chronic low back pain is often due to L5S1 instability resulting in facet joint syndrome. Patients suffering from low back pain may also have a gait pattern characterized by a reduced speed and a shorter, asymmetrical step in order to reduce pain. This case is of a patient with L5S1 instability that occurred after L1 to L5 lumbar stabilization who was treated with radiofrequency (RF) denervation of the medial branch of L5S1 bilaterally. RF ablation outcome was tested by comparing its impact on pain, function, quality of life, and on gait pattern, before and 1 month after the procedure. To objectify the impact of a good pain control on gait, a video recording was performed (see Video 1).

Objectives To assess the effectiveness of Neuroaspis plp10 nutritional supplement when added to interferon (IFN)-β treatment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).Design A 30-month phase III multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Randomisation stratified by centre using a computer-generated procedure with Neuroaspis plp10 versus placebo in 1:1 ratio. The first 6 months were used as both the pre-entry and normalisation period.Setting 3 teaching hospitals in Greece and 1 Neurology Institute in Cyprus.Participants 61 patients with RRMS on IFN-β were randomly assigned to receive Neuroaspis plp10 (n=32) or placebo (n=29), 20 mL, orally, once daily, for 30 months.Intervention Neuroaspis plp10, a cocktail mixture, containing specific PUFA (12 150 mg) and γ-tocopherol (760 mg) versus virgin olive oil (placebo).Main outcome measure The primary end point was the annual relapse rate (ARR) whereas the secondary ones were the rate of sustained progression of disability, as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the brain T2 and gadolinium-enhancing lesions, at 2 years.Results For the intention-to-treat analyses Neuroaspis plp10 significantly reduced the ARR by 80%, (RRR, 0.20; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.45; p=0.0001) and the risk of sustained progression of disability by 73% (HR, 0.27; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.83; p=0.022) versus placebo, at 2 years. The number of T1 gadolinium-enhancing lesions and the number of new/enlarged T2-hyperintense lesions were significantly reduced (p=0.01 and p

Background In cancer patients with limited life expectancy, an implant of an intrathecal (IT) drug delivery system connected to a subcutaneous port (IDDS-SP) has been proposed as a successful strategy, but conflicting results are reported on quality of life (QoL). The aim of this prospective observational study is to report the effects on pain, mood and QoL of an IT combination therapy delivered by an IDDS-SP in malignant refractory pain. Methods Adult patients in which IT therapy was recommended were recruited. An IT therapy with morphine and levobupivacaine was started: VASPI score, depression and anxiety (evaluated by the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System -ESAS-), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the 5-level EuroQol 5D version (EQ-5D-5L) and the requirements of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) medications were registered, with adverse events rate and the satisfaction of patients scored as Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). Results Fifty patients, (16 F/34 M) were enrolled (age 69 ± 12). All had advanced cancer with metastasis. The median daily VASPI score was 75, the median depression score was 6, and the median anxiety score was 4, median PSQI was 16. At 28 days, a significant reduction in VASPI score was registered as well as in depression and anxiety item. Also, PSQI decreased significantly. The EQ-5D-5 L showed a significant improvement in all components at 14 and 28 days. Patient Global Impression of Change scores showed high level of satisfaction. A low incidence of adverse events and a reduction in BTCP episodes were also registered. Conclusion Intrathecal combination therapy delivered by an IDDS-SP could ensure adequate control of cancer related symptoms, such as pain, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances. These effects, with low rate of AEs and reduced BTcP episodes, could explain the improvement in QoL and the overall high levels of patients’ satisfaction.

The choroid is the main part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye that lies between the retina and the sclera. The high vascular component of the choroid makes this structure susceptible to inflammation in multisystemic diseases, as well as the most common site of metastasis in the eye. Therefore, the choroid is involved in many pathological conditions, from uveitis to intraocular tumors. Differentiating between inflammatory and neoplastic lesions deforming the choroidal profile can sometimes be challenging. In addition, scleral disorders can also deform the choroidal profile. Choroidal imaging includes ophthalmic ultrasonography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Recent advances in choroidal imaging techniques, such as enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), have facilitated an in-depth analysis of the choroid. The purpose of this review article is to report on and highlight the most common OCT findings to help in the differential diagnosis between inflammatory and neoplastic lesions deforming the choroidal profile.

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Abstract Introduction In cancer-related pain refractory to systemic opioids, intrathecal (IT) administration of morphine can be a useful strategy. In clinical practice, IT morphine is usually combined with other drugs with different mechanisms of action, in order to obtain a synergistic analgesic effect. However, the discussion on efficacy and safety of IT combination therapy is still ongoing. The aim of this observational study was to report the effects of an IT combination of low doses of ziconotide, morphine, and levobupivacaine in end-stage cancer refractory pain. Methods Sixty adult patients, 21 females and 39 males, were enrolled to an IT device implant. The mean visual analogue scale of pain intensity (VASPI) score was 88 ± 20 mm. All patients started with a triple combination therapy: the initial IT dose of morphine was calculated for each patient based on the equivalent daily dose of morphine; an oral/IT ratio of 400/1 was used. For ziconotide, a standard slow titration schedule was started at 1.2 μg/day and the initial dose of levobupivacaine was 3 mg/day. Results The initial IT mean doses of morphine, ziconotide, and levobupivacaine were 0.8 ± 0.3 mg/day, 1.2 mcg/day and 3 mg/day, respectively. At day 2, a significant reduction in VASPI score was registered (49 ± 17, p

El artículo ofrece una posible interpretación foucaultiana sobre la gestión de compliance en empresas. Parte del denominado “fracaso” de los entrenamientos éticos y se propone inducir una mirada local y crítica, discutir los límites de la interpretación foucaultiana y reforzar el potencial ético de compliance. En la primera parte, se presentan metáforas producidas por empleados de empresas en Argentina que ilustran de modo actual algunos conceptos foucaultianos. En la segunda, compliance se interpreta como un ejercicio del poder de la empresa validado por un discurso intencionado. En la tercera, compliance se interpreta como una posibilidad de resistencia al poder. En la cuarta parte se ofrece una discusión con autores que han intentado rescatar el aporte de Foucault para la ética empresarial. Se concluye que una gestión de compliance contiene potencialidades para el empoderamiento del individuo. El carril de este empoderamiento es fundamentalmente el otorgamiento de la palabra y el diálogo, principalmente, en la capacitación.