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Medical imaging has undergone significant technical advancements in recent years, posing a considerable challenge for radiologists to stay up-to-date with emerging modalities and their applications in daily practice. This challenge is even more daunting in developing countries with limited resources compared to the US and other developed nations with greater economic assets. The collaboration between the United States and other advanced nations with radiological institutions in Latin America has been a significant achievement in the pursuit of new opportunities for continuous medical education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of international collaborations among Spanish-speaking Latin American institutions and radiologists through a survey. A group of radiologists and institutions from various countries, including the USA, Spain, and Argentina, who have been working together for several years to improve Radiology education across Latin America, were selected. An online survey was conducted. The survey included questions about interest in the activities, participation, and impact of radiologic education during these educational efforts. The survey received responses from 166 participants, all of whom reported knowledge of at least one type of educational activity. The most well-known activity was ALAT Webinars. The primary motivators for participation were the quality of the content and the opportunity to learn new information. Additionally, improving local education in radiology and receiving expert advice on radiology issues were identified as priorities for participation in international collaborations. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated for individual and global Likert questions, resulting in a global score of 0.96. The study confirms the significance of a multifaceted approach to address gaps in radiology education. While traditional models have relied on hosting international visitors or sending US teachers abroad, the results suggest that using a variety of methods will have a greater impact than relying on a single technique for those who benefit most from collaborative efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Federico. Ampil, Gloria. Caldito, Carlos. Previgliano Sir, Conventional teaching recommends the immediate administration of palliative thoracic radiotherapy (PTR) for superior vena caval obstruction (SVCO) by lung cancer (LCa). On [...]

We describe the case of a 62-year-old man, who presented with a new onset of focal seizures of his right leg. There were no other clinical symptoms, and laboratory results were normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple lesions, two supratentorial lesions were ring-enhancing. The brain biopsy tissue showed Histoplasma capsulatum abscesses. He improved on treatment with Amphotericin B. This case is reported since cerebral ring-enhancing lesions are rarely associated with histoplasmosis, which is also rare in an immunocompetent individual. We review the literature and discuss the radiologic and pathologic findings of this case compared with previous reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is sparse literature regarding extended survival of patients treated for T4 and/or N3 lung cancers. We present the results of a case series from our radiotherapeutic experience over the last 12 years to provide additional information. Out of 189 individuals diagnosed with lung cancer between 1997 and 2008, seven treated patients who survived five years or longer were identified. The median age was 56 years. More than half of the subjects were symptomatic at the time of hospitalization, possessed voluminous, non-small-cell histologic type malignant neoplasms, and received chemotherapy also. All individuals responded to treatment, and their survival ranged from 60 to 169 months. Our observed long-term survivors seem to justify the continued practice of modern standards of care in patients with lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thoracic hernias encompass the protrusion of thoracic contents through the thorax or intra‐abdominal tissue into the thorax. They can be classified as diaphragmatic hernias – either congenital or acquired; pulmonary hernias – involving tissue protrusion through cervical fascia or intercostal spaces; and mediastinal hernias – including cardiac, intrapericardial and hiatal hernias. Prompt identification and classification of thoracic hernias rely on diagnostic imaging, primarily through computed tomography and magnetic resonance, to identify associated complications. This article comprehensively reviews thoracic hernias and their key imaging features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Williams-Campbell syndrome (WCS) is a rare congenital disorder, which leads to bronchiectasis affecting fourth to sixth order of bronchial divisions. Symptoms include cough, sputum, wheeze and recurrent pulmonary infections, classically seen in the paediatric age group with selective bronchiectasis of the mid-order bronchioles. The literature describing diagnosis of Williams-Campbell syndrome in adult population is very sparse., Methods: This report presents a 62-year-old female with cough, fever, dyspnea and generalized body ache. She has had multiple admissions to the hospital since her childhood due to recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. Imaging findings demonstrated multiple cystic thin walled airways, compatible with bronchiectatic changes in the upper, middle and lower lobes bilaterally, bronchial wall thickening with air-fluid levels prominent in the fifth and sixth generation bronchial divisions, with normal calibre trachea and central bronchi. These radiological findings are consistent with diagnosis of Williams-Campbell syndrome, which was diagnosed after ruling out the other common causes of bronchiectasis., Conclusion: Williams-Campbell syndrome is a rare congenital cystic lung disease, the diagnosis of which is made by exclusion of common causes of bronchiectasis such as cystic fibrosis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, tuberculosis, dyskinetic cilia syndrome and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Whenever the clinical picture is consistent with bronchiectasis, especially involving the mid-order bronchioles and recurrent pulmonary infections, it is wise to include WCS in the list of differential diagnoses, even in the adult population., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by the British Institute of Radiology.)

Parosteal lipomas (PL) account for 0.3% of all lipomas. They are composed of adipose tissue adjacent to the bone cortex and elicit bony reactive changes. Location of this typically slow-growing indolent lesion in the ribs is unusual. Albeit a benign condition, PL imaging findings may be misinterpreted as a malignant lesion. We present a patient with a PL in which a surgical biopsy was performed. Distinctive features of PL in the computed tomographic (CT) scan and magnetic resonance image (MRI) are described. Familiarity with the characteristic radiographic PL signs assist in avoiding invasive diagnostic studies. Lipomas are benign tumors consisting of mature fat cells. They are the most common mesenchymal neoplasias and account for 50% of all soft tissue tumors. Their location varies from superficial to deep seated lesions. Musculoskeletal lipomatous lesions may be located in bones, soft tissues, and may also affect joint and tendon sheaths. PL is a rare benign deep fatty-tissue tumor that arises contiguous to the periosteum without originating from it. In 1836, Seering was the first in describing this lesion and named it "periosteal lipoma." Upon realization that there are no adipocytes in the periosteum, the term was changed to the more descriptive "parosteal lipoma" by Power in 1888. This is a case report of a patient with a chest wall mass that on CT scan and MRI had the typical PL appearance. This pattern allows one to identify the lesion and thus, to differentiate it from malignant conditions.

Objective: Our purpose was to determine the imaging findings in three 500-year-old frozen mummies of sacrificial Inca children., Materials and Methods: CT, conventional radiography, and dental radiography of Inca mummies were reviewed. Different techniques, which were adjusted to the anatomic position of the bodies, were used for radiologic analyses. Working sessions were limited to 20 min because of the fragility of these mummies and to prevent thawing of the specimens., Results: Internal organs in good condition with a natural shrinkage caused by dehydration were shown on CT scans. Both white and gray matter were clearly observed in the brain and cerebellum. The white matter and the fatty tissue of the bodies were visibly white. This condition was possibly caused by the transformation of the fatty tissue into a waxlike substance and the deposition of calcium salts. The lungs were expanded in all three mummies. The ages of the three children at the time of their deaths were estimated by means of radiographs of the teeth and long bones. Bone mineralization, the muscular volume, and the thickness of the adipose panniculus indicated the good nutritional state of the three Inca children. The spleen was not visualized in any case., Conclusion: Radiology helped us determine the state of the internal organs, the nutritional conditions, and the physical abnormalities of the naturally mummified children. These mummies can be considered among the best preserved mummies currently known.