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Featured Application: This research is important for industries relying on repetitive tasks, as it provides insights into ergonomic risk factors and promotes interventions to enhance worker health and productivity. (1) Background: This study examines the association between asymmetrical movements of an assembly line and machining workers and their overall well-being. The primary aim is to quantify the extent to which asymmetrical movements serve as predictors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among these workers and their overall well-being. The study emphasises the predictive relationships between asymmetry metrics and health outcomes. (2) Methods: The study included 86 employees from an automotive manufacturing plant, categorised into machining workers (MWEs) and assembly workers (AWEs). The employment duration spanned from 6 months to 40 years. Inertial motion capture technology was employed alongside the Goldberg 28-item General Health Questionnaire for a retrospective observational analysis and assessment of worker well-being. Movement dynamics were evaluated using a Motion Activity Index (MAI) to measure movement intensity, asymmetry, and quality. (3) Results: The machining group demonstrated nearly double the range of motion (median ROM: 36.6° vs. 25.5°, p = 0.019) and peak angular velocities up to eight times higher (median: 40°/s vs. 5°/s) in lumbar and thoracic rotations compared to the assembly group. Significant differences in ROM and movement speeds were observed (p < 0.001). The MAI showed higher dynamic and symmetrical movements in the machining group (36.6% vs. 25.5%, p = 0.019). No significant mental health issues were identified, aside from complaints related to somatic symptoms. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights significant occupational risks due to movement asymmetry in industrial settings, revealing substantial differences in joint angular displacements, velocities, and accelerations between machining and assembly workers. The findings emphasise the importance of targeted ergonomic interventions to enhance worker well-being and advocate for preventive health measures in occupational environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Mobile health applications have been widely adopted among breast cancer survivors for disease management; however, their use specifically for the prevention of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) remains sparse. This study is aimed at developing a WeChat-based intervention program for the prevention of BCRL based on the common-sense model (CSM). Methods: This study was designed based on intervention mapping. First, a longitudinal investigation was conducted to determine the predictive effect of illness perception on BCRL prevention behaviors among breast cancer survivors. An intervention program was then constructed based on the CSM and longitudinal results. Finally, a WeChat mini-program was developed, and 15 patients were recruited to test its usability and user satisfaction through usability tests based on typical tasks and the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ), respectively. Results: The longitudinal study revealed that identity, personal control, illness coherence, and behavioral and physical factors in the causes dimension could positively predict prevention behaviors, whereas treatment control and uncontrollable factors exhibited negative predictive effects. This study then developed an individualized intervention program and a WeChat mini-program (named “Nantian e-Care”) consisting of five modules: “resources,” “questionnaires,” “homepage,” “consultation,” and “personal center.” Patients could read BCRL-related educational content, watch functional exercise videos, self-measure arm circumference, and consult questions. The five-task completion rates were 80.00 ~ 100.00%, the average completion time was 9.47 ~ 33.31 s, and the scores of PSSUQ were greater than 5 points (full score 7 points). Conclusions: This study proposed a feasible intervention program for the prevention of BCRL and developed a customized WeChat mini-program with high usability and user satisfaction. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, URL: , ChiCTR2100048798. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives: To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of influenza viruses in influenza-like cases in Chongqing Hi-Tech Zone, China, to provide data support and a scientific basis for optimizing influenza prevention and control strategies in the region. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the molecular epidemiological characteristics of influenza viruses in influenza-like cases at a hospital in Chongqing Hi-Tech Zone from 2021 to 2024. Colloidal gold detection of viral antibodies, fluorescent PCR detection of nucleic acids, and gene sequencing were used to identify the different subtypes. Results: Among 39,986 ILI specimens tested using the immunocolloid gold method, 6,616 influenza viruses were detected, with a detection rate of 16.54%. Infections included 4,464 influenza A viruses (67.50%), 2,033 influenza B viruses (30.73%), and 119 co-infections of influenza A and B viruses (1.77%).In this region, H3N2 was the predominant subtype of influenza A, and Victoria was the main subtype of influenza B. Conclusion: Influenza epidemics in the winter and spring seasons in Chongqing Hi-Tech Zone were predominantly caused by influenza A, with influenza B also circulating. Influenza A strains were mainly H3N2, while influenza B strains were primarily Victoria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The integration of AI into healthcare is widely anticipated to revolutionize medical diagnostics, enabling earlier, more accurate disease detection and personalized care. Methods: In this study, we developed and validated an AI-assisted diagnostic support tool using only routinely ordered and broadly available blood tests to predict the presence of major chronic and acute diseases as well as rare disorders. Results: Our model was tested on both retrospective and prospective datasets comprising over one million patients. We evaluated the diagnostic performance by (1) implementing ensemble learning (mean ROC-AUC.9293 and mean DOR 63.96); (2) assessing the model's sensitivity via risk scores to simulate its screening effectiveness; (3) analyzing the potential for early disease detection (30–270 days before clinical diagnosis) through creating historical patient timelines and (4) conducting validation on real-world clinical data in collaboration with Synlab Hungary, to assess the tool's performance in clinical setting. Discussion: Uniquely, our model not only considers stable blood values but also tracks changes from baseline across 15 years of patient history. Our AI-driven automated diagnostic tool can significantly enhance clinical practice by recognizing patterns in common and rare diseases, including malignancies. The models' ability to detect diseases 1–9 months earlier than traditional clinical diagnosis could contribute to reduced healthcare costs and improved patient outcomes. The automated evaluation also reduces evaluation time of healthcare providers, which accelerates diagnostic processes. By utilizing only routine blood tests and ensemble methods, the tool demonstrates high efficacy across independent laboratories and hospitals, making it an exceptionally valuable screening resource for primary care physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a group of palliative patients, venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of death and reduction in quality of life. Current guidelines and scientific research on thromboprophylaxis most often refer to the population of oncology patients, who differ in many aspects from patients receiving palliative care. Thus, doctors working with patients undergoing palliative treatment have to face many problems related to safety and effectiveness of antithrombotic therapy in this type of care. In the case of chronically ill patients, diagnostic process may be somewhat difficult because the symptoms resulting from the underlying diseases can mask VTE symptoms. The aim of this article is to review the literature on symptoms and thromboprophylaxis in this group of patients. According to the latest guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), it is not recommended to use VTE prophylaxis in outpatient oncology patients routinely, but it should be considered in high-risk patients who received a Khorana score of at least 2 before starting a new chemotherapy cycle. In patients diagnosed with VTE, in long-term prophylaxis lasting at least 6 months, due to greater effectiveness, it is recommended to use low-molecular-weight heparins, edoxaban, rivaroxaban or apixaban instead of vitamin K antagonists, which can be used if the previously mentioned drugs are unavailable. There are some studies which show that thromboprophylaxis may be beneficial for patients in palliative care. On the other hand, another studies’ results suggest that patients won’t gain any benefit from prevention. As our article shows it is very crucial to conduct scientific research on palliative patients and create clear guidelines for prophylaxis for this group of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piroplasmosis is an important tick-borne disease in several regions, and can lead to significant economic animal production losses. The current study aimed to systematically examine the incidence of bovine piroplasmosis in Kashgar, Xinjiang, to provide baseline data for the effective prevention and control of this disease among bovines in the region. A total of 1403 bovine blood samples from 12 sampling points were screened via PCR with universal Piroplasma primers targeting the 18S rRNA locus and specific Theileria annulata primers targeting the cytochrome b (COB) gene. The overall prevalence of bovine Piroplasma was 65.9% (925/1403). Three species of pathogenic Theileria, including T. annulata, T. orientalis, and T. sinensis, were detected, and the infection rates for these species were 65.1% (913/1403), 0.5% (7/1403), and 0.1% (1/1403), respectively. The mixed infection rate for T. orientalis and T. annulata was 0.3% (4/1403). No Babesia was detected in this study. In conclusion, bovine piroplasmosis was still common in Kashgar and T. annulata was the dominant species, and a mixed infection of T. annulata and T. orientalis was detected. Notably, T. sinensis was reported for the first time in this region. Therefore, strategies for the prevention and control of bovine piroplasmosis should be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of death globally, imposing a heavy burden on the healthcare systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Iran is a country in the Middle-East region with an aging population and changing disease risk factors, and now is facing NCDs as the major health problem of the country. Investigating NCDs' risk factors and tackling preventable ones is the main intervention to control their heavy burden. In this review, we discussed the most critical risk factors in Iran and the implemented programs and action plans to control them. A better knowledge on current status of risk factors and plans to tackle them, could help policymakers effectively rule policies and allocate resources to curb heavy burden of NCDs in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the incidence of myopia has been increasing alongside the growing global population, emerging as a significant public health challenge worldwide. Individuals with myopia exhibit an elongated axial length, which leads to various structural and functional ocular changes, resulting in the risk of related eye diseases and, in severe cases, blindness. Unfortunately, once myopia develops, it is irreversible. The only way to prevent or slow its progression is through appropriate treatment. The current focal point in myopia prevention and control is the peripheral myopic defocus theory. This paper summarizes the relevant research on defocus incorporated multiple segments(DIMS)lenses, following a systematic analysis of the literature. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of DIMS compared to other myopia control methods, and discusses the application prospects and future directions of defocus lenses represented by DIMS, aiming to provide reference and guidance for the control of myopia progression in children and adolescents.

ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Ruian City, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing syphilis prevention and control strategies.MethodsDescriptive epidemiological methods were used to investigate the infection status of syphilis cases reported among the permanent resident population in Ruian City from 2014 to 2023, and its epidemiological characteristics were analyzed.ResultsA total of 5 482 syphilis cases were reported in Ruian from 2014 to 2023, with a male-female ratio of 1∶1.47. The average annual incidence rate from 2014 to 2023 was 37.51/100 000, with a declining trend in the incidence rate among females (APC=-4.78%, P

To provide a reference for rock burst prevention and control in mega-fault structure area under the influence of extensive mining, the Balipu Fault (i.e. the drop reaches up to 100 meters) in Jining No. 2 Coal Mine has been selected as the engineering background for the study. The microseismic behavior of the entire mine as well as the footwall and hanging wall of the Balipu Fault was studied, and the fault activity was analyzed based on the accumulated microseismic energy. Additionally, the control methods of microseismic activities in mega-fault structure area were explored, and then the engineering application was carried out. Results show that: Under the influence of extensive mining, low-energy-level microseismic events were uniformly distributed in the mining face and roadway areas in the Jining No. 2 Coal Mine, which principally come from regular roof strata movement. There were no concentrated, continuous, and widely distributed microseismic events observed along the Balipu Fault plane. The microseismic events increased with the decrease of distance between the mining face and fault plane. It means that the mining can disturb the fault plane, but the current mining intensity was not enough to induce the fault activation. The highest cumulative energy of microseismic in the fault structure area exhibited an overall stable trend, but the concentrating position continuously varied as changing the mining conditions, particularly influenced by the mining speed and intensity. The effective solution is to leave a wide protective coal pillar for mitigating microseismic activity and achieving safe mining in mega-fault structure area, accompanied with reasonable roof pre-fracturing and coal pressure relief. Engineering practice was carried out in the 103lower03 mining face of the Balipu Fault area based on the rock burst control strategy of different fault types. It was observed that the intensity of microseismic activity was noticeably weakened during the mining process. The total microseismic energy of one day decreased, while the microseismic frequency increased, indicating that a high frequency-low intensity of energy release.

In hospital environments, health care workers (HCWs) are frequently and inevitably exposed to biological hazards. This type of risk typically arises from accidental needlestick and sharps injuries, or muco-cutaneous contact with biological fluids (BBF) or materials. A systematic literature review conducted in the leading scientific literature databases, PubMed/MedLine, was conducted. Following identification, screening and inclusion processes, 16 articles were selected. The articles analyzed set out to investigate the impact of accidental needlestick and sharps injuries on the selected population by describing the characteristics of the clinical practices adopted. In general, HCWs who did not have adequate infection prevention training were 3.36 times more likely to be exposed to BBF than those who had adequate training. This study found that the risk of exposure was significantly associated with factors such as students' gender, age, frequency of night shift, frequency of injections, lack of safety training, knowledge of safety management policies, and lack of Protective Personal Equipment use. To reduce injuries, prevention efforts must focus on safety devices, the work environment, and increased training on prevention and procedures. Training needs to begin with undergraduate nursing students in order to practice what they learn in face-to-face courses and clinical training.

Introduction: Diabetes is a significant public health problem in India, with an estimated 74 million Indian adults suffering from the condition as of 2021, and the prevalence is continuing to grow. Aim: To investigate the prevalence and forecasted trends of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in India through time series analysis and forecasting models. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Statistics at Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, from January 2024 to March 2024. The prevalence of diabetes in India was forecasted from 2023 to 2035 using existing diabetes prevalence data from 2009 to 2021, with the help of Gretl software and the Autoregressive Intregated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Results: Authors observed a consistent upward trajectory in DM prevalence, with rates steadily increasing from 7.1% in 2009 to 9.6% in 2021. Time series analysis reveals non stationarity in the data, necessitating the use of ARIMA models for forecasting. Among the models considered, ARIMA (2,1,2) emerges as the best fit, demonstrating strong explanatory power with an R-squared value of 0.80. Forecasting projections indicate a continued rise in DM prevalence, with rates projected to increase from 10.35% in 2023 to 13.46% by 2035, which translates to an increase from 97.5 million in 2023 to 139 million in 2035. Conclusion: These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive public health interventions to address the escalating burden of diabetes in India, emphasising the importance of prevention, early detection, and effective management strategies.

Abstract Background Violence against people with intellectual disabilities is unfortunately a reality all over the world, as they are one of the populations most vulnerable to various forms of aggression. Assertive prevention and control measures are crucial to tackle and reduce this problem. The aim of this study was to map and summarize the main measures for preventing and controlling domestic violence against people with intellectual disabilities. Methods This was a scoping review conducted in accordance with the JBI guidelines. The databases consulted were: National Library of Medicine (PubMed); Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science; Excerpta Medica DataBASE (EMBASE); Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and SCOPUS. Studies included in this review reported on strategies to address domestic violence against people with intellectual disabilities, published in the last ten years, in Portuguese, Spanish or English. Results A total of 11 studies were included in this review. Six studies had high methodological quality and five had moderate. Cognitive-behavioral intervention programs, educational technologies and/or auxiliary tools, along with the full participation of people with intellectual disabilities in domestic violence prevention measures are appropriate strategies for dealing with this issue. Conclusion Domestic violence against people with intellectual disabilities is relatively unexplored in the health-field scientific literature. Prevention and control measures should be developed with the active involvement of people with intellectual disabilities, generating engagement and knowledge. Preventive measures should be adapted to the personal context and conditions of individuals with special needs, such as those with persistent or chronic mental disorders.

Purpose The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cryotherapy in preventing oral mucositis in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods An evidence-based practice project utilized a randomized control trial design with two groups (experimental and control groups). Fifty-nine pediatric patients with cancer in Jordan, aged 8–18 years, were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=29) or the control group (n=30). The intervention was conducted from June 2022 to December 2022. The severity of oral mucositis among pediatric cancer patients was assessed using the World Health Organization oral mucositis grade. Results There were no significant differences in sex or disease type among the groups. On days 7, 14, and 21, we observed notable between-group differences in treatment responses and the intensity of oral mucositis, highlighting the efficacy of cryotherapy in diminishing the severity of oral mucositis. Conclusion This study supports the use of cryotherapy as a preventive measure for oral mucositis among pediatric oncology patients in Jordan. The findings suggest that cryotherapy effectively reduces the severity of oral mucositis. Further research is necessary to investigate the broader impacts of cryotherapy.

As dentistry has moved into the 21st century, the emphasis on ethics has increased. The general public has become more or rather over-mindful and attentive to their surroundings, especially in the medical field. Assaults against health-care professionals in India have increased dramatically over the past few years. It has therefore become the need of the moment to learn how to tackle the problem of workplace violence and medicolegal issues that may arise. All professionals in the health-care community must stay updated on the current scenarios, laws, and regulations. Knowledge of “what not to do” has become more significant rather than “what to do.” This article highlights the problem of violence against health-care professionals and the methods that can be used to prevent and stop it.

Background At present, chronic non-communicable diseases have become the major diseases affecting people's health in China. Most of the studies on resource allocation for chronic disease prevention and control are status quo surveys or equity analyses, and there is a lack of representative indicators for evaluating the results. Objective To analyze the changes of the appropriateness of resource allocation for chronic disease prevention and control in Chongqing, and to explore its impact on the effectiveness of chronic disease prevention and control. Methods In accordance with the principle of " exhaustiveness ", this study systematically collected all the literature in the field of chronic diseases in Chongqing from 2010 to 2021 published on the websites of the government, the Health and Planning Commission and its related departments, as well as on open databases such as the CNKI and the Web of Science, and a quantitative analysis was made on the appropriateness of resource allocation for the prevention and control of chronic diseases. After the systematic collection of information, this study was respectively carried out from the four secondary indicators and thirteen tertiary indicators of the appropriateness of resource allocation for chronic disease prevention and control, which was derived from the quantitative standards previously constructed by the research group. The "five-point scale" method was used to semi-quantitatively score the severity of the problem (0 points indicate that there is no problem, 5 points indicate that the problem is very serious) and the scores were further calculated to determine the appropriateness of resource allocation. Correlation analysis and linear regression were used to analyze the influence of the appropriateness of resource allocation on the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Results From 2010 to 2021, the appropriateness of resource allocation for chronic disease prevention and control in Chongqing has increased from 6.64% to 27.57%; the appropriateness of human resource allocation has increased from 36.49% to 46.59%, the appropriateness of financial resource allocation has increased from 41.06% to 50.28%, the appropriateness of material resource allocation has increased from 41.40% to 42.96%, and the appropriateness of information resource allocation has increased from 5.73% to 24.09%. Among them, the appropriateness of financial and material resource allocation is significantly negatively correlated with the premature mortality rate of chronic diseases in Chongqing, with correlation coefficients of -0.722 and -0.586, respectively. Conclusion The appropriateness of resources allocation for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in Chongqing has been increasing year by year, but it is still at a lower level in general, and the main reason restricting its development lies in the relatively low information resources allocation; it is important to expedite the enhancement of the appropriateness of resources allocation to cope with the rapid increase of the number of chronic disease cases.

Abstract Background The All Wales Diabetes Prevention Programme (AWDPP) is a Wales wide, public health initiative designed to systematically identify adults at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and offer a 30-minute person-centred lifestyle conversation focused on diet and physical activity. An independent formative process and value-based evaluation was commissioned to examine the implementation of this programme in 14 primary care cluster areas across Wales during the initial roll-out. Methods This evaluation was undertaken to ascertain the views on early implementation of the programme from service users, health care professionals and key stakeholders. The evaluation was informed by the Medical Research Council Framework for Process Evaluation and Wales Prudent Healthcare principles. As part of the value-based assessment, a preliminary cost-consequence analysis was conducted to understand the short-term economic impact of the implementation of the programme. Results Service users who took part in the evaluation highly valued the programme and nearly half had been previously unaware that they were at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Delivering the programme presented challenges but there was significant enthusiasm and support from all stakeholders. Overall, the programme was being delivered as intended albeit with evidence of some variation in the application of the programme eligibility criteria. Conclusions In Wave 1 of the AWDPP roll-out, the intent to deliver the programme in line with Prudent Healthcare was successful and promising in terms of demonstrating value. Opinions expressed by service users suggest the AWDPP matters to them; raising awareness, promoting knowledge and capacity to change behaviours and motivate and raise confidence.

Background: Dental hygienists have a significant risk of infection due to occupational injuries caused by needles and sharp instruments. This study aimed to evaluate the current status of needle and “sharp-instrument injuries” among dental hygienists and to propose improved preventive guidelines. Methods: A total of 251 dental hygienists completed an online survey between August 1, 2023 and September 2, 2023. Data from 245 respondents were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20, using independent t-tests and one-way analysis of variance to assess the frequency of injuries and their correlation with job characteristics. Results: Among the 251 dental hygienists, 77.6% had experienced needle or sharp-instrument injuries, with an average of 4.97 incidents per person. Infection prevention education significantly reduced the number of injuries, and participants with education exhibited better infection control practices than those without. Most injuries occurred during “instrument cleaning or maintenance” and “anesthesia preparation or disposal,” with “scalers, probes, and curettes” being the main culprits. Hands were the most frequently injured body parts. Conclusion: Preventive measures, continuous education, and improved guidelines are required to create a safer dental working environment.

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have the potential to cause severe illness in wild birds, domestic poultry, and humans. The ongoing circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) has presented significant challenges to global poultry industry and public health in recent years. This study aimed to elucidate the circulation of HPAIVs during 2019 to 2023. Specifically, we assess the alarming global spread and continuous evolution of HPAIVs. Moreover, we discuss their transmission and prevention strategies to provide valuable references for future prevention and control measures against AIVs.

BackgroundMethodResultsConclusionsPrescriber-patient communication plays a crucial role in understanding patients’ needs, while reducing risks for developing an opioid use disorder (OUD), yet research on this is sparse. As such, the need to understand healthcare providers’ skills, comfort, and confidence when discussing opioids with patients and other providers is an important step in balancing patients’ needs from a pain perspective and risks from an OUD perspective.We interviewed 32 Massachusetts providers (physicians, physician associates, nurse practitioners, and dental practitioners) to assess their communication strategies with patients and other providers. Interviews were conducted online (January – September 2021) and were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using deductive content analysis.Contextualized in the Health Education Theory, one major theme was how providers communicated with patients about opioids, including their tone, use of language, and the content they covered. Providers described frequently encountering patients who expressed fears and concerns about opioid addiction and did not want an opioid prescription. Another major theme, related to the ongoing process of preventing problems with opioids was a focus on provider engagement in follow-up, including checking if a prescription was filled, having the patient come back to the office, or calling another provider after a certain duration. Recommendations about communication with patients and other providers were also discussed.Overall, open, supportive, tailored communication with patients and other providers was deemed essential when considering opioid prescriptions. Further research is recommended to learn about the status of opioid-prescription knowledge, beliefs, and practices within the fourth wave of the current opioid overdose epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the management in Victorian general practice of people who have been hospitalised with stroke or transient ischaemic attacks (TIA). Study design: Retrospective observational study; analysis of linked Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (AuSCR) and general practice data. Setting: 383 general practices in the Eastern Melbourne, South Eastern Melbourne, and Gippsland primary health networks (Victoria), 1 January 2014 – 31 December 2018. Participants: Adults who had been hospitalised with acute stroke or TIA and had at least two encounters with the same general practice during the observation period (7–18 months after the acute event). Main outcome measures: Assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, serum lipids, blood glucose, urinary protein); prescribing of guideline‐recommended prevention medications (blood pressure‐, lipid‐, or glucose‐lowering, antithrombotic agents); attainment of guideline targets for cardiometabolic risk factors at final assessment during observation period. Results: During 2014–2018, 3376 eligible AuSCR registrants (1465 women, 43.4%) had at least two encounters with one of the 383 general practices during the observation period; median age at stroke onset was 73.9 (interquartile range, 64.4–81.9) years, 737 events were TIAs (21.8%). Blood pressure was assessed in 2718 patients (80.5%), serum lipids in 1830 (54.2%), blood glucose in 1708 (50.6%). Prevention medications were prescribed for 2949 patients (87.4%), including lipid‐lowering (2427, 71.9%) and blood pressure‐lowering agents (2363, 70.0%). Blood glucose targets had been achieved by 1346 of 1708 patients assessed for this risk factor (78.8%), blood pressure targets by 1935 of 2717 (71.2%), and serum lipid targets by 765 of 1830 (41.8%). The incidence of having risk factors assessed was lower among patients aged 60 years or younger (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92–1.03) and those over 80 years of age (IRR, 0.92; 95% CI 0.88–0.97) than for those aged 61–80 years, and for women (IRR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87–0.95) and people with dementia (IRR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81–0.98). The likelihood of having classes of prevention medication prescribed was lower for patients aged 60 years or younger (IRR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.97) and those over 80 years of age (IRR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92–0.997) than for patients aged 61–80 years, and for women (IRR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91–0.98) and people with dementia (IRR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78–0.98). Conclusions: The general practice management of people who have been hospitalised with stroke or TIA could be improved. Effective monitoring of cardiometabolic risk factors will enable general practitioners to optimise care for people who need careful attention to prevent adverse secondary events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of death among palliatively treated patients. So far, numerous studies have been conducted on the general population. As a result, special scales were created to assess the risk of VTE or the probability of its occurrence. Among patients with terminal disease, there are much fewer publications discussing the problem of VTE. Hospice care patients constitute a special group due to their epidemiological structure and accompanying diagnoses. The most common are malignant tumors and heart failure. For this reason, they are particularly vulnerable to VTE events. This article reviews the literature on risk scales such as The Padua Risk Assessment Scale, Khoran score, Wells scale, PVFS scale and VTE-BLEED scale. W also present risk factors which contribute to the development of the VTE as well as to a more serious course of VTE. We discuss the epidemiological structure of patients, the impact of cancer as well as the chemotherapy used to treat it. We discuss the epidemiological structure of patients, the impact of cancer as well as the chemotherapy used in its treatment. We describe how the presence of a catheter and immobilization contribute to the development of VTE. We focus particularly on scales and risk factors to which a patient with a terminal disease is exposed. More research is needed in the future to better predict VTE in hospice patients. We hope that this work will increase awareness and encourage researchers to expand knowledge in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Le concept d'exposome se définit comme englobant la totalité des expositions subies par un individu tout au long de sa vie, dès sa conception, expositions non seulement chimiques (pollution), mais aussi environnementales (climat, pollution sonore), voire sociétales (travail, transports, vie en société) ou comportementales... Toutes les catégories sociales ne sont pas égales face aux problèmes de santé. Ce concept récent a ainsi de nombreuses implications dans les domaines de la recherche, de l'épidémiologie, des politiques de santé publique, pour définir de vraies politiques d'évaluation des risques et de prévention. Comment concrètement intégrer ce concept dans la pratique de soins ? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mpox continues to spread in China, and stakeholders' experiences may help inform prevention and control strategies. Qualitative study. A qualitative study across 14 Chinese cities recruited stakeholders from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs), community-based organizations (CBOs), and hospitals involved in curbing mpox. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by telephone and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. 15 CBOs workers, 14 CDCs staff, and 13 healthcare workers were recruited. Three theme categories were identified: "Efforts to curb mpox epidemic", including CDCs' epidemic management and health education, hospitals' diagnosis, treatment, and care, CBOs' counseling, publicity, and referrals. "Challenges to curb mpox epidemic", including negative impacts of hospital-based quarantine, lack of specific antiviral drugs, gay identity disclosure concerns, psychological problems, contact tracing difficulties, and inadequate communication and collaboration. "Recommendations for curbing mpox epidemic", including prioritizing supervised home-based quarantine, incorporating HIV-related indicators into hospital quarantine criteria, reducing the cost of hospital quarantine, accelerating the development of vaccines and drugs, enhancing patient privacy protection, psychological training for stakeholders, establishing a task force that comprises personnel who are experienced in contact tracing and strengthening communication and collaboration. Effective control of mpox spread requires strengthening collaboration with CBOs and community healthcare centers (CHCs) and working out a flexible and contextualized mechanism. It also needs to reinforce patient privacy protection and integrate stigma reduction into strategies. Additionally, it is important to include HIV-related indicators in the quarantine evaluation and provide psychological training for stakeholders to help them manage their mental health and improve counseling skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) poses a significant health challenge in Thailand, highlighting the need for a better understanding of its transmission and characteristics. Innovation and technology are essential for effective prevention and control measures. This research article centres on developing a model to prevent and control DHF, utilising the DHF-Solve model, a Linebot, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The research was conducted in four phases. Phase 1 focused on identifying risk factors and high-risk areas for DHF. Phase 2 examined the factors influencing people's behaviours regarding DHF prevention and control. Phase 3 was dedicated to developing the model, while Phase 4 assessed its effectiveness. The research employed various tools, including GIS, questionnaires, Linebot, assessment forms, and primary and secondary data collection. Risk areas were identified through frequency and weighting techniques as well as descriptive statistical analysis. The factor that most significantly influenced behaviour was people's perception of DHF, which received an average score of 4.19. The findings from the model development indicated that the DHFSolve Linebot is an effective management and control system for DHF. It features six menus accessible through the Line Official Account (LOA) and can function as a real-time platform. This Linebot incorporates AI chatbot commands and GIS technology, which proved to be the most effective in terms of promptness and responsiveness. It has demonstrated the potential to reduce morbidity rates during two outbreak generations. Therefore, this model effectively addresses the issue of DHF and should be implemented as a response mechanism in emergencies where DHF outbreaks may arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To estimate the cost-effectiveness of sacrum multilayer silicone foam dressings as an adjuvant prophylactic therapy compared to standard pressure ulcer prevention in a hospital population at high risk for pressure ulcer development. An economic evaluation is performed from a healthcare payer's perspective. This evaluation is based on a Belgian publicly funded pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT), linked with real-world data from administrative claims database and a Belgian cost analysis. A cost-consequences analysis with a one-year time horizon is performed. The RCT has shown that the risk of developing a new pressure ulcer on the sacrum was statistically significantly reduced by 41 % in the treatment group (RR = 0.59, 95 % CI 0.35–0.98, p = 0.04). The absolute risk reduction of 2.0 % (95 % CI -0.1–4.1 %) coincides with a number needed to treat of 50.0 to prevent one new pressure ulcer of category II or worse. The evolution of quality of life is on average negative for patients who developed a pressure ulcer before day 3, while it is positive for patients without pressure ulcers. In a scenario with conservative assumptions, i.e. without inclusion of price discounts for the multilayer silicone foam dressings and only including costs during the hospitalization, pressure ulcer prevention with dressings on the sacrum was already cost-neutral. The preventive use of silicone adhesive multilayer foam dressings on the sacrum for a population similar to the pragmatic trial population can be supported both from a clinical and economic point of view. • Silicone multilayer foam dressings on the sacrum avoid pressure ulcers (pragmatic RCT-based evidence). • This economic evaluation links RCT information with real-world administrative claims data. • This approach retains the advantage of randomization in combination with real-world data. • The use of the studied dressings is supported from both a clinical and economic point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the future ten years, the mining depths of more than 30% metal mines will exceed 1000 m. Deep metal mining is confronted with complex geological conditions such as high in-situ stress, high ground temperature, highly-changeable grounds and strong mining disturbance, which bring severe challenges to roadway construction. Due to the shortcomings of noncontinuous operation, low construction rate and frequent disaster occurrence, traditional drilling-and-blasting method cannot meet the construction requirement, therefore the use of tunnel boring machine (TBM)for continuous mechanical tunnelling becomes the future development direction of deep metal mine roadway construction. However, due to the distinctive engineering geological features and roadway construction requirements, the application of TBM tunnelling technology in deep metal mine roadway construction still suffers from some technological problems and challenges. First, this paper summarizes the three main application difficulties for TBM tunnelling technology in deep metal mine roadway construction; 1) the lack of adaptative TBM type selection and machine design theory; 2) the lack of high efficient TBM tunnelling technology; 3) the lack of prewarning, prevention and control technology for engineering disasters. Then, this paper introduces the current research progresses for TBM tunnelling technology in deep metal mine roadway construction from six aspects, i. e., efficient rock breakage theory for cutterhead and cutters, adaptative TBM type selection and machine design technology, accurate tunnelling performance prediction and evaluation methodology, tunnelling technology for small turning radius or highly-inclined roadways, intelligent prewarning, prevention and control technology for engineering disasters, intelligent decision-making and assisted-driving technology. The above research progresses primarily indicate the development direction for the extensive application of TBM tunnelling technology for rapid roadway construction in deep metal mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: We aimed to assess the safety of a modified peritoneal fenestration technique with clipping of the window edges during kidney transplantation (KTx) and to determine its impact on reducing lymphocele following KTx. We compared the outcomes of this modified method with those of peritoneal fenestration without clipping. Methods: Among 430 consecutive KTxs performed between 2015 and 2019, preventive peritoneal fenestration and clipping of the margins were performed in 25 patients. These patients were compared with 75 matched patients in whom the margins were not clipped. Postoperative lymphocele formation and other patient data were compared between these two groups. Results: The rate of clinically relevant lymphocele decreased by 2.7% after peritoneal fenestration with clipping, although this decrease was not statistically significant (p = 0.829). There was no significant increase in the rate of other complications in the modified fenestration group (p = 0.067). The incidence of clinically significant lymphocele formation was notably higher in patients with a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2 (p = 0.028). Univariate analysis indicated that older recipients, individuals with a history of previous abdominal surgery, those receiving the kidney from deceased and older donors were at increased risk of developing a clinically relevant lymphocele. Conclusions: Our preliminary results suggest that peritoneal fenestration with clipping may be as effective as the conventional fenestration technique in preventing lymphocele formation. Further clinical trials with larger sample sizes are required to determine the exact role of preventive peritoneal fenestration with clipping in preventing clinically relevant lymphocele after KTx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] The paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of Xiulijing in the management of rust in Golden Delicious apple cultivation. [Methods] The Golden Delicious apple was utilized as the test material. During the young fruit stage, various dilutions of Xiulijing were applied, specifically at concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1 000, and 2 000 times. Additionally, both the application of a 3 000-fold dilution of GA4+7 and the practice of fruit bagging were designated as the control treatments, while a water spray was utilized as the blank control. The fruit rust index and the incidence of rust-infected fruits were evaluated to assess the effectiveness of control measures for fruit rust in Golden Delicious apple cultivation. [Results] The application of Xiulijing, with dilutions ranging from 200 to 2 000 times, exhibited a significant impact on reducing both the fruit rust index and the incidence of rust-infected fruits in Golden Delicious apples. The application of a 1 000-fold dilution of Xiulijing resulted in a statistically significant reduction in both the fruit rust index and the incidence of rust-infected fruits, with reduction rates of 21. 1% and 31.5%, respectively. Among the various strategies for the prevention and control of apple rust, fruit bagging emerged as the most effective method. The other two technical measures demonstrated significant control effects; however, no substantial differences were observed between them. [Conclusions] The biological control agent Xiulijing is more deserving of promotion and application in practical production due to its significantly superior economic benefits, safety, and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key best practice to prevent and treat pressure injuries (PIs) is to ensure at-risk individuals are repositioned regularly. Our team designed a non-contact position detection system that predicts an individual's position in bed using data from load cells under the bed legs. The system was originally designed to predict the individual's position as left-side lying, right-side lying, or supine. Our previous work suggested that a higher precision for detecting position (classifying more than three positions) may be needed to determine whether key bony prominences on the pelvis at high risk of PIs have been off-loaded. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of categorizing participant position with higher precision using the system prediction F1 score. Data from 18 participants was collected from four load cells placed under the bed legs and a pelvis-mounted inertial measurement unit while the participants assumed 21 positions. The data was used to train classifiers to predict the participants' transverse pelvic angle using three different position bin sizes (45°, ~30°, and 15°). A leave-one-participant-out cross validation approach was used to evaluate classifier performance for each bin size. Results indicated that our prediction F1 score dropped as the position category precision was increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes is a significant public health problem in India, with an estimated 74 million Indian adults suffering from the condition as of 2021, and the prevalence is continuing to grow. Aim: To investigate the prevalence and forecasted trends of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in India through time series analysis and forecasting models. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Statistics at Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, from January 2024 to March 2024. The prevalence of diabetes in India was forecasted from 2023 to 2035 using existing diabetes prevalence data from 2009 to 2021, with the help of Gretl software and the Autoregressive Intregated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Results: Authors observed a consistent upward trajectory in DM prevalence, with rates steadily increasing from 7.1% in 2009 to 9.6% in 2021. Time series analysis reveals non stationarity in the data, necessitating the use of ARIMA models for forecasting. Among the models considered, ARIMA (2,1,2) emerges as the best fit, demonstrating strong explanatory power with an R-squared value of 0.80. Forecasting projections indicate a continued rise in DM prevalence, with rates projected to increase from 10.35% in 2023 to 13.46% by 2035, which translates to an increase from 97.5 million in 2023 to 139 million in 2035. Conclusion: These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive public health interventions to address the escalating burden of diabetes in India, emphasising the importance of prevention, early detection, and effective management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the tracking effect of prevention and control, this paper combines three-dimensional face recognition technology and posture recognition method to build a prevention and control tracking system, and designs a single-stage human target detection and posture estimation network based on thermal infrared images. By using infrared recognition methods, the face and human body shape can be directly recognized, overcoming the problem of traditional visual recognition methods being easily occluded. The network can simultaneously complete two tasks of human target detection and pose estimation in a multi-task manner. Moreover, this paper uses the knowledge distillation strategy to train a lightweight model to further reduce the amount of model parameters to improve the inference speed. In addition, this paper uses a single-stage human target detection and posture estimation network to judge the effect of prevention and control tracking. Through the prevention and control tracking effect test, it can be seen that the prevention and control tracking system based on 3D face recognition proposed in this paper can effectively improve the prevention and control tracking effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The main porcine enteric coronaviruses currently discovered include porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). SADS-CoV is a porcine enteric coronavirus firstly discovered in Guangdong, China in 2017. Infection with the virus causes piglets less than 5 days old to develop symptoms such as severe acute diarrhea, acute vomiting, dehydration and high mortality, which causes huge economic losses to the pig industry.Currently, there are no effective drugs or vaccines against SADS-CoV on market. This article reviews the research progress of SADS-CoV from the aspects of virus transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and control, aiming to provide reference for the prevention and control of SADS-CoV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cryotherapy in preventing oral mucositis in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: An evidence-based practice project utilized a randomized control trial design with two groups (experimental and control groups). Fifty-nine pediatric patients with cancer in Jordan, aged 8–18 years, were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=29) or the control group (n=30). The intervention was conducted from June 2022 to December 2022. The severity of oral mucositis among pediatric cancer patients was assessed using the World Health Organization oral mucositis grade. Results: There were no significant differences in sex or disease type among the groups. On days 7, 14, and 21, we observed notable between-group differences in treatment responses and the intensity of oral mucositis, highlighting the efficacy of cryotherapy in diminishing the severity of oral mucositis. Conclusion: This study supports the use of cryotherapy as a preventive measure for oral mucositis among pediatric oncology patients in Jordan. The findings suggest that cryotherapy effectively reduces the severity of oral mucositis. Further research is necessary to investigate the broader impacts of cryotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaria Consortium supports delivery of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) to children ages 3–59 months using sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine. Lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) was adapted as a cost-efficient method for end-of-cycle SMC monitoring surveys across supported countries and an implementation challenges reporting system was established in Nigeria. We present a case study of its application in Nasarawa State. LQAS facilitated timely local performance assessment across 16 indicators. Development of new reporting tools has played a key role in stimulating national-level discussions on improvements to SMC supervisory processes and implementer training and provided a framework for engagement with local stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]