1,570 results on '"Prevention & Control"'
Search Results
2. Expert endoscopist assessment of colorectal polyp size using virtual scale endoscopy, visual or snare-based estimation: a prospective video-based study.
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Popescu Crainic, Ioana, Djinbachian, Roupen, Rex, Douglas K., Barkun, Alan, Shaukat, Aasma, East, James, Hassan, Cesare, Mori, Yuichi, Pohl, Heiko, Rastogi, Amit, Sharma, Prateek, Anderson, Joseph C., Taghiakbari, Mahsa, Medawar, Edgard, and von Renteln, Daniel
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COLON polyps , *ENDOSCOPY , *LONGITUDINAL method , *POLYPS - Abstract
Accurate polyp size estimation during colonoscopy has an impact on clinical decision-making. A laser-based virtual scale endoscope (VSE) is available to allow measuring polyp size using a virtual adaptive scale. This study evaluates video-based polyp size measurement accuracy among expert endoscopists using either VSE or visual assessment (VA) with either snare as reference size or without any reference size information. A prospective, video-based study was conducted with 10 expert endoscopists. Video sequences from 90 polyps with known reference size (fresh specimen measured using calipers) were distributed on three different slide sets so that each slide set showed the same polyp only once with either VSE, VA or snare-based information. A slide set was randomly assigned to each endoscopist. Endoscopists were asked to provide size estimation based on video review. Relative accuracies for VSE, VA, and snare-based estimation were 75.1% (95% CI [71.6–78.5]), 65.0% (95% CI [59.5–70.4]) and 62.0% (95% CI [54.8–69.0]), respectively. VSE yielded significantly higher relative accuracy compared to VA (p = 0.002) and to snare (p = 0.001). A significantly lower percentage of polyps 1–5 mm were misclassified as >5 mm using VSE versus VA and snare (6.52% vs. 19.6% and 17.5%, p = 0.004) and a significantly lower percentage of polyps >5 mm were misclassified as 1–5 mm using VSE versus VA and snare (11.4% vs. 31.9% and 14.9%, p = 0.038). Endoscopists estimate polyp size with the highest accuracy when virtual adaptive scale information is displayed. Using a snare to assist sizing did not improve measurement accuracy compared to displaying visual information alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Assessing preconception health in Australia to support better outcomes in the first 2000 days – A critical need for building a core indicator framework.
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Subasinghe, Asvini K., Black, Kirsten I., Dorney, Edwina, and Boyle, Jacqueline A.
- Abstract
In 2021, the Preconception Health Network Australia co‐developed preconception health core indicators identified as critical to ensuring optimal maternal and child outcomes following conception. We conducted an audit of perinatal databases across each state and territory to identify whether preconception core indicator data were available. Seven health domains co‐developed by the Preconception Health Network were mapped against the data collected in the perinatal databases. Indicator data were lacking across all seven health domains, with data missing for social determinants of health indicators. Better data linkage and developing a national evidence‐based framework would allow ongoing monitoring of women's preconception health nationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Impact of Yoga beyond Physical Training on the Cardiovascular System: An Updated Review.
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Verma, Samman, Hatwal, Juniali, and Batta, Akash
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CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention , *BEHAVIOR modification , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors , *EVALUATION of medical care , *YOGA , *BREATHING exercises , *HEALTH behavior - Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant health challenge in both developing and developed nations, with unparalleled morbidity, mortality, and economic tolls. Primary prevention of CVD through lifestyle modifications has been emphasized to address this issue. Yoga, an ancient practice dating back thousands of years with roots in the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations, offers a potential solution. Hatha yoga, which includes physical movements and breathing techniques, is the most commonly practiced form today. The health benefits of yoga have recently gained attention and are being researched globally. Yoga is beneficial in both primary and secondary prevention of diseases, particularly CVD and its risk factors. This review aims to explore the physiology of yoga, recent studies on its effect on the prevention and control of CVD, and the clinical implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
5. Experiencing violence and other predictors of within-person same-day use of multiple substances in youth: a longitudinal study in emergency settings.
- Author
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Lyons, Vivian H., Myers, Matthew G., Cunningham, Rebecca M., Zimmerman, Marc A., Carter, Patrick M., Walton, Maureen A., and Goldstick, Jason
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RISK of violence , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *VIOLENCE , *PARENTAL influences , *FIXED effects model - Abstract
Background: Although experiencing violence is a risk factor for substance use among youth, its association with same-day use of multiple substances (a form of polysubstance use) and mitigating factors is less well understood. Objectives: To identify whether prosocial factors modified the effect of experiencing violence on the frequency of same-day use, and examine gender-specific risk/protective factors for same-day use. Methods: We analyzed longitudinal data from a cohort of youth who use drugs aged 14–24 (n = 599; 58% male) presenting to an urban emergency department between 2009–2011 and assessed biannually for two years. Using Poisson-generalized linear models with person-level fixed effects, we estimated within-person associations between self-reported experiencing violence and same-day use and analyzed gender and peer/parent support as effect modifiers. We adjusted for negative peer influence, parental drug and alcohol use, family conflict, anxiety and depression, and age. Results: Overall, positive parental support corresponded to lower rates of same-day use (rate ratio [RR]:0.93, 95% CI:0.87–0.99) and experiencing violence was associated with higher rates of same-day use (RR:1.25, 95% CI:1.10–1.41). Violence exposure was a risk factor among males (RR:1.42, 95% CI:1.21–1.66), while negative peer influences and parental substance use were risk factors among females (RR:1.63, 95% CI:1.36–1.97 and RR:1.58, 95% CI:1.35–1.83, respectively). Positive peer support reduced the association between violence exposure and same-day use among males (RR:0.69, 95% CI:0.57–0.84, p <.05). Conclusions: Tailored interventions may address gender differences in coping with experiencing violence – including interventions that promote parental support among males and reduce influence from parental substance use among females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Factores subjetivos y materiales que condicionan la presencia de criaderos de mosquitos en residuos domiciliarios en Asunción, Paraguay.
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Lima-Pereira, Patricia
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MATING grounds , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *DENGUE , *SOLID waste , *CHI-squared test - Abstract
Within households, bulky solid waste serves as the predominant breeding ground for mosquitoes that transmit dengue fever. The aim of this study is to identify and describe the relationship between material and subjective factors, using socioecological theoretical frameworks for health prevention. A descriptive cross-sectional study is conducted, using a simple random sample of 350 households in Asunción, Paraguay. To compare households based on the presence or absence of large breeding sites, the chi-square test, non-parametric Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon statistical test, and Yuen's robust T statistical test is employed. Additionally, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to determinate the Odd Ratio (OR). The study concludes that individualistic approaches in dengue prevention must be transcended and management capacities in homes must be increased by addressing environmental barriers and social beliefs, given the factor that most significantly explaines the presence of obsolete objects in homes is the belief that these items could prove useful in the future. In the multivariate analysis, the perception of usefulness of the potential breeding sites was one of the two significant variables that explain this behavior. The other significant variable was the low coverage of waste collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Patient Repositioning during Hospitalization and Prevention of Pressure Ulcers: a Narrative Review.
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Cortés, Olga L. and Vásquez, Skarlet M.
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DIABETES complications ,RISK assessment ,COST control ,HEALTH status indicators ,HOSPITAL care ,HOSPITALS ,MOVEMENT disorders ,AGE distribution ,MEDICAL research ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,POSTURE ,PATIENT positioning ,PRESSURE ulcers ,MEDICAL care costs ,PHYSICAL mobility - Abstract
Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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8. Apolipoprotein B, Residual Cardiovascular Risk After Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Effects of Alirocumab.
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Hagström, Emil, Steg, P Gabriel, Szarek, Michael, Bhatt, Deepak L, Bittner, Vera A, Danchin, Nicolas, Diaz, Rafael, Goodman, Shaun G, Harrington, Robert A, Jukema, J Wouter, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Marx, Nikolaus, McGinniss, Jennifer, Manvelian, Garen, Pordy, Robert, Scemama, Michel, White, Harvey D, Zeiher, Andreas M, Yang, Eric, and Schwartz, Gregory G
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Acute Coronary Syndrome: diagnosis ,drug therapy ,epidemiology ,Antibodies ,Monoclonal ,Humanized ,Anticholesteremic Agents: adverse effects ,Apolipoproteins B ,Atherosclerosis: drug therapy ,Cardiovascular Diseases: diagnosis ,epidemiology ,prevention & control ,Cholesterol ,Cholesterol ,LDL ,Heart Disease Risk Factors ,Humans ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: therapeutic use ,Risk Factors ,Treatment Outcome - Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (apoB) provides an integrated measure of atherogenic risk. Whether apoB levels and apoB lowering hold incremental predictive information on residual risk after acute coronary syndrome beyond that provided by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is uncertain.The ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab) compared the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor alirocumab with placebo in 18 924 patients with recent acute coronary syndrome and elevated atherogenic lipoproteins despite optimized statin therapy. Primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal/nonfatal ischemic stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina). Associations between baseline apoB or apoB at 4 months and MACE were assessed in adjusted Cox proportional hazards and propensity score-matched models.Median follow-up was 2.8 years. In proportional hazards analysis in the placebo group, MACE incidence increased across increasing baseline apoB strata (3.2 [95% CI, 2.9-3.6], 4.0 [95% CI, 3.6-4.5], and 5.5 [95% CI, 5.0-6.1] events per 100 patient-years in strata 35-
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- 2022
9. Rivaroxaban for the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events in Coronary or Peripheral Artery Disease (COMPASS)
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Population Health Research Institute and Janssen Research & Development, LLC
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- 2022
10. Changes in spatial clusters of cancer incidence and mortality over 15 years in South Korea: Implication to cancer control
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Cham Thi Nguyen, Insang Song, Inkyung Jung, Yoon‐Jung Choi, and Sun‐Young Kim
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cluster analysis ,incidence ,mortality ,neoplasms ,prevention & control ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background The temporal investigation of high‐risk areas of cancer incidence and mortality can provide practical implications in cancer control. We aimed to investigate the changes in spatial clusters of incidence and mortality from 1999 through 2013 by major cancer types in South Korea. Methods We applied flexible scan statistics to identify spatial clusters of cancer incidence and mortality by three 5‐year periods and seven major cancer types using the counts of new cases and deaths and population in 244 districts during 1999–2013. Then, we compared the changes across three periods in the locations of primary clusters of incidence and mortality by cancer types. To explore the determinants that possibly affect cancer cluster areas, we compared geographic characteristics between clustered and non‐clustered areas. Results While incidence clusters for lung, stomach, and liver cancer remained in the same areas over 15 years, mortality clusters were relocated to the areas similar to those of incidence clusters. In contrast, colorectal, breast, cervical, and prostate cancer displayed consistently different locations of clusters over time, indicating the disappearance of existing clusters and the appearance of new clusters. Cluster areas tended to show higher portions of older population, unemployment, smoking, and cancer screening compared to non‐cluster areas particularly for mortality. Conclusions Our findings of diverse patterns of changes in cancer incidence and mortality clusters over 15 years can indicate the degree of effectiveness in cancer prevention and treatment depending on the area and suggest the need for area‐specific applications of different cancer control programs.
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- 2023
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11. Substantivity of Oral Rinses: Comparative Study (SORCOS)
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Miguel Viñas, Full professor Microbiology
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- 2022
12. The prevention strategies of swine viruses related to xenotransplantation
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Hongzhen Mao, Jinyang Li, Guangneng Liao, Mengyu Gao, Guang Yang, and Ji Bao
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Swine viral ,Xenotransplantation ,Prevention & control ,Epidemiology ,Vaccination ,Transgenic and gene-edited pigs ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Xenotransplantation is considered a solution for the shortage of organs, and pigs play an indispensable role as donors in xenotransplantation. The biosecurity of pigs, especially the zoonotic viruses carried by pigs, has attracted attention. This review introduces several viruses, including porcine endogenous retroviruses that are integrated into the pig genome in a DNA form, herpesviruses that have been proven to clearly affect recipient survival time in previous xenotransplant surgeries, the zoonotic hepatitis E virus, and the widely distributed porcine circoviruses. The detail virus information, such as structure, caused diseases, transmission pathways, and epidemiology was introduced in the current review. Diagnostic and control measures for these viruses, including detection sites and methods, vaccines, RNA interference, antiviral pigs, farm biosecurity, and drugs, are discussed. The challenges faced, including those posed by other viruses and newly emerged viruses, and the challenges brought by the modes of transmission of the viruses are also summarized.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The role of rectal diclofenac and aggressive hydration with Ringer's lactate in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in high-risk patients
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Vivek Mohan Sharma, Amit Mathur, Mohan Babu Goyal, and Shankar Lal Jat
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cholangiopancreatography ,endoscopic retrograde ,diclofenac ,prevention & control ,ringer’s lactate ,Medicine ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Specialties of internal medicine ,RC581-951 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background : : Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) is a common complication of therapeutic endoscopy. The aim of this trial was to determine whether a combination of rectal diclofenac and vigorous hydration with Ringer's lactate is superior to the corresponding individual treatments for preventing PEP in high-risk patients. Methods : : This randomized, open-label, controlled trial was conducted from August 2020 to January 2022. We included patients who were at high risk of developing PEP. Three intervention groups were made: group A, diclofenac sodium suppository (100 mg); group B, aggressive hydration with Ringer's lactate; group C, a combination of diclofenac and aggressive hydration. PEP was defined as a serum amylase level > 3 times the upper limit of normal with epigastric pain within 24 hours after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Results : : A total of 144 patients were included and 48 cases were randomized to each intervention group. The incidence of PEP was 8.3%, 10.4%, and 8.3% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. A personal history of alcohol consumption and more than one pancreatic duct guidewire cannulation were significantly associated with the development of PEP. Conclusion : : No difference in the incidence of PEP was observed with or without the use of aggressive hydration. Combining aggressive hydration with a rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for preventing PEP cannot be recommended.
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- 2023
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14. S. Boulardii in Prevention of Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea in Hospitalized Adults With Respiratory Tract Infections
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Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina and Branislava Milenkovic, Prof. MD, PhD
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- 2022
15. El Continuun causal del envejecimiento: la detección precoz de la demencia y el papel de los factores protectores y de riesgo
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Carolina Restrepo, Michael Saling, and Kathryn Ellis
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Cognition Disorders ,Dementia ,Risk Factors ,Prevention & control ,Therapeutical Approaches ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
The prevalence of cognitive disorders and dementia increases with age and represents a high cost to society and health services. Some authors have suggested an ongoing process that leads from the cognitive impairments to dementia, with a presentation few symptoms on the former and a full clinical form in the latter, as the two extremes of a continuun. Early identification and management of risks or protective factors seems the right way to prevent their presence. Clinicians must promoting healthy behavior as a preventing strategy.
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- 2023
16. Changes in spatial clusters of cancer incidence and mortality over 15 years in South Korea: Implication to cancer control.
- Author
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Nguyen, Cham Thi, Song, Insang, Jung, Inkyung, Choi, Yoon‐Jung, and Kim, Sun‐Young
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CANCER-related mortality , *LIVER cancer , *CANCER prevention , *PROSTATE cancer , *EARLY detection of cancer - Abstract
Background: The temporal investigation of high‐risk areas of cancer incidence and mortality can provide practical implications in cancer control. We aimed to investigate the changes in spatial clusters of incidence and mortality from 1999 through 2013 by major cancer types in South Korea. Methods: We applied flexible scan statistics to identify spatial clusters of cancer incidence and mortality by three 5‐year periods and seven major cancer types using the counts of new cases and deaths and population in 244 districts during 1999–2013. Then, we compared the changes across three periods in the locations of primary clusters of incidence and mortality by cancer types. To explore the determinants that possibly affect cancer cluster areas, we compared geographic characteristics between clustered and non‐clustered areas. Results: While incidence clusters for lung, stomach, and liver cancer remained in the same areas over 15 years, mortality clusters were relocated to the areas similar to those of incidence clusters. In contrast, colorectal, breast, cervical, and prostate cancer displayed consistently different locations of clusters over time, indicating the disappearance of existing clusters and the appearance of new clusters. Cluster areas tended to show higher portions of older population, unemployment, smoking, and cancer screening compared to non‐cluster areas particularly for mortality. Conclusions: Our findings of diverse patterns of changes in cancer incidence and mortality clusters over 15 years can indicate the degree of effectiveness in cancer prevention and treatment depending on the area and suggest the need for area‐specific applications of different cancer control programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The issue of vaccine refusal: the study of a risky behavior.
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Osadchuk, Mikhail, Tikhonova, Yuliya, and Krivetskaya, Mariya
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VACCINE refusal , *RISK-taking behavior , *HEALTH attitudes , *VACCINATION status , *INFLUENZA vaccines , *COMMUNICABLE diseases - Abstract
Purpose: Influenza is the most common seasonal infectious disease that causes permanent social, economic, and medical problems worldwide. Therefore, the most effective way to prevent influenza is through vaccines. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of factors that determine the refusal of influenza vaccine among three subjects groups. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted amongst the three high-risk groups in 2018--2019 (Moscow, Russia). The survey involved 1,620 parents and pregnant women (group 1), 324 doctors (group 2), and 433 students (group 3). Poor vaccine uptake was observed among respondents in all three groups. Results: According to the survey results, only 22.2% of children and 13.8% of adults were vaccinated against influenza. Group 2 showed increased rates with 36.7% of vaccinated adults and 58.7% of children. The lowest adherence to annual vaccinations was recorded in group 3 (only 17.3%). There is also a negative correlation between adherence to vaccination and smoking (-0.66), unhealthy diet (-0.73), poor oral hygiene (-0.61), and insufficient awareness of the need for influenza vaccine as well (-0.81). Conclusion: Thus, a general lack of vaccination awareness has a fundamental role in forming a negative attitude toward influenza vaccine. It is necessary to conduct research to promote vaccination against influenza to improve vaccine uptake among high-risk groups, particularly students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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18. Plasma Proteomic Patterns Show Sex Differences in Early Concentric Left Ventricular Remodeling.
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Ommen, Anne-Mar van, Benavente, Ernest Diez, Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte, Valstar, Gideon B., Cramer, Maarten J., Rutten, Frans H., Teske, Arco J., Menken, Roxana, Hofstra, Leonard, Tulevski, Igor I., Sweitzer, Nancy, Somsen, G. Aernout, and den Ruijter, Hester M.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Concentric remodeling (cRM) can precede heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a condition prevalent in women. METHODS: Patients (n=60 593, 54.2% women) visiting outpatient clinics of Cardiology Centers of the Netherlands were analyzed for cRM, HFpEF development, and mortality risk. We studied risk factors for relative wall thickness both sex- stratified and in women and men combined. Biomarker profiling was performed (4534 plasma proteins) in a substudy involving 557 patients (65.4% women) to identify pathways involved in cRM. RESULTS: cRM was present in 23.5% of women and 27.6% of men and associated with developing HFpEF (HR, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.51–2.99]) and mortality risk (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.00–1.19]) in both sexes. Age, heart rate, and hypertension were statistically significantly stronger risk factors for relative wall thickness in women than men. Higher circulating levels of IFNA5 (interferon alpha-5) were associated with higher relative wall thickness in women only. Pathway analysis revealed differential pathway activation by sex and increased expression of inflammatory pathways in women. CONCLUSIONS: cRM is prevalent in approximately 1 in 4 women and men visiting outpatient cardiology clinics and associated with HFpEF development and mortality risk in both sexes. Known risk factors for cRM were more strongly associated in women than men. Proteomic analysis revealed inflammatory pathway activation in women, with a central role for IFNA5. Differential biologic pathway activation by sex in cRM may contribute to the female predominance of HFpEF and holds promise for identification of new therapeutic avenues for prevention and treatment of HFpEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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19. Reduction in Revascularization with Icosapent Ethyl: Insights from REDUCE-IT REVASC
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Peterson, Benjamin E, Bhatt, Deepak L, Steg, Ph Gabriel, Miller, Michael, Brinton, Eliot A, Jacobson, Terry A, Ketchum, Steven B, Juliano, Rebecca A, Jiao, Lixia, Doyle, Ralph T, Granowitz, Craig, Gibson, C Michael, Pinto, Duane, Giugliano, Robert P, Budoff, Matthew J, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Verma, Subodh, and Ballantyne, Christie M
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Prevention ,Heart Disease ,Atherosclerosis ,Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease ,Cardiovascular ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Research ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Good Health and Well Being ,Aged ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Double-Blind Method ,Eicosapentaenoic Acid ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Humans ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Myocardial Revascularization ,Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ,eicosapentaenoic acid ,icosapent ethyl ,myocardial revascularization ,prevention & control ,REDUCE-IT Investigators ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Public Health and Health Services ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology ,Clinical sciences ,Sports science and exercise - Abstract
BackgroundPatients with elevated triglycerides despite statin therapy have increased risk for ischemic events, including coronary revascularizations.MethodsREDUCE-IT (The Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial), a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, randomly assigned statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides (135-499 mg/dL), controlled low-density lipoprotein (41-100 mg/dL), and either established cardiovascular disease or diabetes plus other risk factors to receive icosapent ethyl 4 g/d or placebo. The primary and key secondary composite end points were significantly reduced. Prespecified analyses examined all coronary revascularizations, recurrent revascularizations, and revascularization subtypes.ResultsA total of 8179 randomly assigned patients were followed for 4.9 years (median). First revascularizations were reduced to 9.2% (22.5/1000 patient-years) with icosapent ethyl versus 13.3% (33.7/1000 patient-years) with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.58-0.76]; P
- Published
- 2021
20. Development of a Tool to Measure Compliance with Infection Prevention Activities Against Emerging Respiratory Infectious Diseases among Nurses Working in Acute Care and Geriatric Hospitals
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Sun Young Jeong, Min Sun Song, and Heeja Jung
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prevention & control ,communicable diseases ,emerging ,respiratory tract diseases ,nurses ,Medicine ,Geriatrics ,RC952-954.6 - Abstract
Background This study developed a preliminary instrument to measure nurses’ infection prevention compliance against emerging respiratory infectious diseases and to verify the reliability and validity of the developed instrument. Method The participants were 199 nurses working at a university hospital with more than 800 beds and two long-term care hospitals. Data were collected in May 2022. Results The final version of the developed instrument consisted of six factors and 34 items, with an explanatory power of 61.68%. The six factors were equipment and environment management and education, hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette, infection risk assessment and flow management, protection of employees in contact with infected patients, ward access management of patients with infectious diseases, and wearing and removing personal protective equipment. We verified the convergent and discriminant validities of these factors. The instrument's internal consistency was adequate (Cronbach’s α=0.82), and the Cronbach’s α of each factor ranged from 0.71 to 0.91. Conclusion This instrument can be utilized to determine the level of nurses’ compliance with infection prevention activity against emerging respiratory infectious diseases and will contribute to measuring the effectiveness of future programs promoting infection-preventive activities.
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- 2023
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21. The prevention strategies of swine viruses related to xenotransplantation.
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Mao, Hongzhen, Li, Jinyang, Liao, Guangneng, Gao, Mengyu, Yang, Guang, and Bao, Ji
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HERPESVIRUSES , *RETROVIRUSES , *XENOTRANSPLANTATION , *RNA interference , *HEPATITIS E virus , *ENDOGENOUS retroviruses , *SWINE farms , *SWINE , *POULTRY farms - Abstract
Xenotransplantation is considered a solution for the shortage of organs, and pigs play an indispensable role as donors in xenotransplantation. The biosecurity of pigs, especially the zoonotic viruses carried by pigs, has attracted attention. This review introduces several viruses, including porcine endogenous retroviruses that are integrated into the pig genome in a DNA form, herpesviruses that have been proven to clearly affect recipient survival time in previous xenotransplant surgeries, the zoonotic hepatitis E virus, and the widely distributed porcine circoviruses. The detail virus information, such as structure, caused diseases, transmission pathways, and epidemiology was introduced in the current review. Diagnostic and control measures for these viruses, including detection sites and methods, vaccines, RNA interference, antiviral pigs, farm biosecurity, and drugs, are discussed. The challenges faced, including those posed by other viruses and newly emerged viruses, and the challenges brought by the modes of transmission of the viruses are also summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Meta-analysis of Effect of Modest (≥10%) Weight Loss in Management of Overweight and Obese Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.
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Aldaas, Omar M, Lupercio, Florentino, Han, Frederick T, Hoffmayer, Kurt S, Krummen, David, Ho, Gordon, Raissi, Farshad, Birgersdotter-Green, Ulrika, Feld, Gregory K, and Hsu, Jonathan C
- Subjects
Atrial Fibrillation: epidemiology ,prevention & control ,Body Weight ,Comorbidity ,Disease Management ,Electrocardiography ,Global Health ,Humans ,Incidence ,Obesity: epidemiology ,therapy ,Overweight: epidemiology ,therapy ,Prevalence ,Recurrence ,Risk Assessment: methods ,Risk Factors ,Weight Loss - Abstract
Obesity and atrial fibrillation (AF) are growing epidemics with significant overlap in co-morbidities. Multiple smaller studies have evaluated the effects of weight loss and risk factor modification on recurrence of AF, reduction in AF burden and improvement in AF symptom severity. The objective of this study was to determine if a modest weight loss of ≥10% of initial body weight is enough to improve outcomes in overweight or obese patients with established AF. We performed an extensive literature search and systematic review of studies that compared weight loss of ≥10% versus weight loss of less than 10% or weight gain and assessed outcomes including recurrence of AF as determined through a Holter monitor, AF burden and improvement in AF symptom severity. Risk ratio 95% confidence intervals (CI) were measured for dichotomous variables and mean difference (MD) 95% CI were measured for continuous variables, where MD >0 favors the group with ≥10% weight loss. Five studies with a total of 548 patients were included. Patients who lost ≥10% of their initial body weight experienced less recurrence of AF (risk ratio 0.29; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.44) and a larger reduction in reported event frequency (MD 1.74; 95% CI 0.70 to 2.79), episode duration (MD 2.14; 95% CI 0.04 to 4.23), global episode severity (MD 1.89; 95% CI 1.34 to 2.45), and symptom severity (MD 5.36; 95% CI 3.75 to 6.97). In conclusion, weight loss is associated with less risk of recurrent AF, reduction in AF burden, and improvement in AF symptom severity.
- Published
- 2019
23. INFLUENCE OF DEATH ANXIETY ON THE PREVENTIVE PRACTICES OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK
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Mahrosh Asif, Masooma Bakhtiari, Rimsha Tahir, Abu Hurraira Khan, and Muhammad Ashraf Chaudhry
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death ,anxiety ,preventive measures ,prevention & control ,covid-19 ,healthcare professionals ,delivery of health care ,Medicine - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To ascertains the degree of death anxiety in healthcare professionals and their preventive practices during the ongoing pandemic and to find correlations between these two variables. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on healthcare professionals working in Combined Military Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from July 2020 to February 2021. A descriptive online questionnaire was distributed to measure demography, death anxiety using Collette-Lester Fear of Death Scale Revised and preventive practices using the prevention section of WHO European Region COVID-19 survey tool and guidance. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. RESULTS: Out of 136 subjects, 65 (47.8%) were male and 71 (52.2%) were female. Median (IQR) age of the participants was 28 (26-40) years. Median total degree of death anxiety was 83 (66-107). The four subscales showed Median (IQR) scores as follows: your own death 18 (12-27), your own dying 20 (15-27), the death of others 23 (18-28), and the dying of others 22 (16-29). Death anxiety was mild in 55 (40.4%), moderate in 65 (47.8%) and high in 16 (11.8%) participants. Significant association of female gender (p=0.002), experience of death of a patient (p=0.001) or loved one (p=0.001) was found with death anxiety. Zero participants recorded a high preventive practice score. CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of healthcare professionals suffered from undiagnosed moderate levels of death anxiety. The level of preventive practices amongst healthcare professionals was moderate to low. Death anxiety had no correlation with preventive practices. Further study is required to investigate the reason behind these unconventional findings.
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- 2022
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24. An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infections among people living with HIV and its successful containment—Taiwan, May to August 2021
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Hsun-Yin Huang, Pei-Chun Chan, Yu-Ching Huang, Hsiu-Yun Lo, Pin-Hui Lee, Chin-Hui Yang, Hung-Wei Kuo, and Chia-Chi Lee
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Coinfection ,Prevention & control ,Digital technology ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
In Taiwan, 14,308 locally acquired COVID-19 cases among customers and employees in Sexy Tea shops were the first cases from May 9–August 28, 2021 (weeks 19–34). Nine weeks after the community spread of COVID-19 began, the proportion of people living with HIV (PLHIV) among the COVID-19 patients peaked at 35.7%, affecting 192 HIV patients, while the prevalence of HIV infection was 0.15%. In addition to a nationwide Level 3 epidemic alert, the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan CDC) launched four strategies to contain this outbreak among PLHIV in this prevaccine era, including improving the quality of contact tracing, delivering health information via peer navigators, expanding SARS-CoV-2 screening and encouraging vaccination, and addressing hesitancy. The outbreak of COVID-19 related to Alpha strain among PLHIV in 2021 ceased four weeks after peaking and lasted eight weeks.
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- 2022
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25. Is caring for pressure ulcers in the intensive care unit in Spain still a challenge? A qualitative study on nurses' perceptions.
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Acosta-Hernández, Claudia, Fernández-Castillo, Rafael-Jesús, Montes-Vázquez, Manuel, and González-Caro, María-Dolores
- Abstract
The incidence of pressure ulcers is an indicator of quality in intensive care units. Due to their frequency and severity, they are identified as a problem of great importance, where the well-being of patients and relatives is compromised, also generating a high healthcare cost. Nurses are primarily responsible for the care of pressure ulcers, however, the existing literature exposes a clear lack of knowledge regarding its prevention and treatment. To explore the attitudes, knowledge and perceived barriers by intensive care nurses regarding pressure ulcers treatment and prevention in a critical care setting. A descriptive qualitative study has been carried out through semi-structured interviews with 22 intensive care nurses from two tertiary university hospitals in Spain. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines were used to reinforce the methodological approach of the study. From the collected data, 4 main themes emerged: "lack of specific knowledge about pressure ulcers in intensive care", "continuity of care: the main problem to solve", "teamwork and pressure ulcers: gasping for improvement" and "Skin care as another vital sign". Most intensive care nurses consider that they do not have sufficient knowledge regarding pressure ulcers. The nurses' attitudes are positive, however, an ineffective transmission of information and registration regarding ulcers is perceived. Regarding the treatment of pressure ulcers, the lack of continuity of care and updated knowledge/training have been the main barriers. In terms of prevention, the most mentioned barriers have been the clinical condition of the patient and the lack of personnel, despite the level of knowledge. • Pressure ulcers decrease the quality of nursing care in the ICU. • ICU nurses in Spain need more training in the prevention and treatment of PUs. • Initial training on PU should be provided to incoming nurses in these units. • Continuity of care must be ensured with effective nursing records and information transmission. • An adequate nurse staffing ratio, material resources and continuous training are essential for nurses in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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26. TECNICIDAD VERSUS CONSTRUCCIÓN PARTICIPATIVA, REFLEXIONES A PARTIR DE UNA ESTRATEGIA DE COMUNICACIÓN EN SALUD.
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Páez Mora, Carlos Duvan and Buitrago Echeverri, María Teresa
- Abstract
Health communication strategies are regularly based on technical models proposed by international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), among others. These strategies are developed under a reproducible model in order to be adjusted in the different countries, cities and communities where they will be applied. However, the local experience of learning through the construction of a health communication strategy to prevent respiratory diseases leaves many reflections on technical versus participatory constructions. The story of Paco HerrE.R.A, is a health communication strategy for the prevention and promotion of acute respiratory disease that began as a technical task of a student based on the guidelines of world organizations; however, the immersion of the researchers in the community derived the conception of the development of technical strategies to a participatory methodological construction that achieved unexpected results in the community. This reflection invites professionals to consider health education from qualitative participatory approaches in which knowledge is built in interaction with communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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27. Regional collaboration for the development of national childhood cancer plans in Latin America and the Caribbean.
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Loggetto, Patrícia, Jarquin-Pardo, Marta, Fuentes-Alabi, Soad, Vasquez, Liliana, Majano, Sara Benitez, Ruiz, Alejandra Gonzalez, Maza, Mauricio, Metzger, Monika L., Friedrich, Paola, Luciani, Silvana, and Lam, Catherine G.
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CHILDHOOD cancer , *REGIONAL development , *CHILD development , *CHILDREN'S hospitals , *PUBLIC spaces - Abstract
This article aims to describe the activities conducted by the National Childhood Cancer Plan Working Group to support the development of national childhood cancer plans in Latin America and the Caribbean in the period 2019--2022, and to present the stage of plan development. The Working Group activities were supported by the Pan American Health Organization and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, which is the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Childhood Cancer. Year after year, the workshops and activities developed with the Working Group mobilized key stakeholders: pediatric oncologists, representatives of the Ministry of Health, foundations supporting childhood cancer initiatives, and hospital administrators. As of February 2023, one regional framework is in place, approved by the Council of Ministries of Health of Central America and the Dominican Republic, nine countries are currently implementing national plans or laws that include childhood cancer, and ten countries are writing new plans. The WHO three-step framework helped to guide the Working Group activities. All plans were supported by a situational analysis, which highlighted the importance of having systematized data for evidence-based policies. To increase implementation success, an accompanying budget and timeline help to ensure the adequate implementation of the interventions. More than anything, committed stakeholders remain the most fundamental element to successfully write and approve a national childhood cancer plan. This is an opportunity to share these countries' experience so the strategy can be adapted to support other countries developing a childhood cancer plan and extended to other public health areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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28. Advances in the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer: implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean.
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Vásquez, Liliana, Fuentes-Alabí, Soad, Loggetto, Patricia, Benitez-Majano, Sara, Metzger, Monika L., Jarquin-Pardo, Marta, Echeandia-Abud, Naomi, Gupta, Sumit, Denburg, Avram, Friedrich, Paola, Ortiz, Roberta, Lam, Catherine, Luciani, Silvana, Ilbawi, Andre, Rodríguez-Galindo, Carlos, and Maza, Mauricio
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- *
CHILDHOOD cancer , *LITERATURE reviews , *MENTAL illness , *NON-communicable diseases , *PALLIATIVE treatment - Abstract
This report describes the status of childhood cancer control initiatives in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Progress between 2017 and 2023 is measured using the outcome indicators from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) childhood cancer logic model aligned with the World Health Organization Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC). This report also describes the advances, barriers, and facilitators for the implementation of the GICC at the Regional level. Methods used in this report encompassed a comprehensive approach, incorporating a literature review, interviews, surveys, and a Delphi study developed by the technical team of the PAHO Non-Communicable Diseases and Mental Health Department and by the GICC LAC working group. Since 2017, there has been a substantial increase in the number of countries that have included childhood cancer in their national regulations. Currently, 21 LAC countries are involved in the GICC implementation, activities, and dialogues. However, the objectives for 2030 will only be achieved if Member States overcome the barriers to accelerating the pace of initiative implementation. There is an urgent need to increase the efforts in childhood cancer control in LAC, especially regarding the prioritization of timely detection, essential diagnostics, access to cancer treatment, palliative care, and close follow-up of children and adolescents with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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29. Strengthening public health policies for childhood cancer: Peru's achievements through the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer.
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Maradiegue, Essy, Pascual, Claudia, Vasquez, Liliana, Maza, Ivan, Ugaz, Cecilia, Montoya, Jackeline, Zapata, Arturo, García, Henry, Chavez, Sharon, Ordoñez, Katy, Rossi, Jonathan, Diaz, Rosdali, Morales, Roxana, Trigoso, Viviana, Ames, Romy, Celis, Edinho, Barzola, Isela, Torres, Liliana, Cosme, Melitta, and Tarrillo, Fanny
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- *
CHILDHOOD cancer , *FEBRILE neutropenia , *CLINICAL deterioration , *NONPROFIT organizations , *MIDDLE-income countries , *PEDIATRIC oncology , *ONCOLOGY nursing , *HEALTH policy - Abstract
Objective. To report the progress in Peru, since June 2019, in the implementation of the World Health Organization Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer using the CureAll framework, which can be replicated in low- and middle-income countries. Methods. A mixed method was used of participatory and documentary evaluation. The participatory evaluation included stakeholders from various government institutions, nonprofit organizations, and international partners. The documentary aspect consisted of a review of data on the regulatory environment, national projects, and interventions implemented. The Ministry of Health engaged more than 150 participants to form working committees, which have developed policy and regulatory documents to strengthen care services. Results. Achievements include a decrease in the national treatment abandonment rate from 18.6% to 8.5%, the approval of the Childhood Cancer Law, improvements in the management of patients with febrile neutropenia, and a reduction in rates of events of clinical deterioration and mortality of hospitalized patients. The Cure All implementation framework allows local teams to implement specific strategies and monitor early outcomes in pediatric oncology. Conclusions. The results obtained reflect the teamwork, the leadership of the authorities, the technical support of professionals, and the support of involved organizations. Further actions will be needed to guarantee sustainability, and monitoring tools are needed to assure success in the planned activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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30. A novel method for measuring the burden of breast cancer in neighborhoods
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Russell K McIntire, Hee-Soon Juon, Scott W. Keith, Nicole L. Simone, Dexter Waters, Eleanor Lewis, and Charnita Zeigler-Johnson
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Breast neoplasms ,Residence characteristics ,Prevention & control ,Geographic mapping ,Epidemiology ,Public health ,Medicine - Abstract
Community-based breast cancer prevention efforts often focus on women who live in the same neighborhoods, as they tend to have similar demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and environmental exposures; yet little research describes methods of selecting neighborhoods of focus for community-based cancer prevention interventions. Studies frequently use demographics from census data, or single breast cancer outcomes (e.g., mortality, morbidity) in order to choose neighborhoods of focus for breast cancer interventions, which may not be optimal. This study presents a novel method for measuring the burden of breast cancer among neighborhoods that could be used for selecting neighborhoods of focus. In this study, we 1) calculate a metric composed of multiple breast cancer outcomes to describe the burden of breast cancer in census tracts Philadelphia, PA, USA; 2) map the neighborhoods with the greatest breast cancer burden; and 3) compare census tracts with the highest burden of breast cancer to those with demographics sometimes used for geo-based prioritization, i.e., race and income. The results of our study showed that race or income may not be appropriate proxies for neighborhood breast cancer burden; comparing the breast cancer burden with demographics at the census tract level, we found few overlaps with the highest percentage African American or the lowest median incomes. Agencies implementing community-based breast cancer interventions should consider this method to inform the selection of neighborhoods for breast cancer prevention interventions, including education, screening, and treatment.
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- 2023
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31. Reactions for actions? Trust in protective behaviors and safeguarding measures in the early phase of the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden
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Elin M. Andersson and Margareta Norberg
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COVID-19 ,Response efficacy ,Strategy efficacy ,Prevention & control ,Protective behaviors ,Safeguarding measures ,Medicine - Abstract
To minimize the spread of Covid-19, changing every-day behavior has been key. Trust in the effectiveness of individual protective measures (response efficacy) and confidence in collective safeguarding measures (strategy efficacy), offers an incitement for acting adequately. Efficacy beliefs of protective measures might be especially relevant to study in the Swedish context, since Sweden, in contrast to countries facing hard lock-downs, launched safeguarding measures based on individual responsibility and voluntary actions. We aimed to assess associations between on the one hand, response efficacy and strategy efficacy, and on the other hand, propensity for behavior change and support of protective measures. Furthermore, to assess associations between the efficacy beliefs and comprehension of and confidence in information about the virus, prosocial beliefs and worry of Covid-19. Reactions were assessed in a Swedish sample close in time to experiences via the SEMA3 app from March 25th to May 17th 2020. Study participants had replied to questions on strategy efficacy (n = 175) or response efficacy (n = 157) and 146 participants had replied to both. High response efficacy was associated with propensity for behavior change, support of protective measures and confidence in Covid-19 information. Low strategy efficacy was associated with lower comprehension of and confidence in information about Covid-19. The results suggest that strengthening efficacy beliefs can be a way to promote protective behaviors. Furthermore, the result underscores the importance of information being easy to understand and trustworthy. Finding ways to increase public understanding of the effectiveness of protective measures, including vaccination, seems crucial in pandemic times.
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- 2023
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32. Interrupting HIV transmission networks: how can we design and implement timely and effective interventions?
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Dennis, Ann M. and Mobley, Victoria
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- 2023
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33. Impact of sanitary restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life of the Sri Lankan population.
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Koralage Tanika Gayani Kanchana and Punithalingam Youhasan
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covid-19 ,prevention & control ,work-life balance ,baseline survey ,sri lanka ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a relatively new disease in Sri Lanka and across the world. It has had a significant impact on all aspects of human life, contributing to a decline in public health. Due to an increasing number of reported and suspected cases, the quality of life in many communities has deteriorated. This study aimed to determine the public perception regarding COVID-19 prevention and work-life balance during the COVID 19 pandemic period in Sri Lanka. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A cross-sectional online survey of 648 Sri Lankan citizens was conducted from the 30th of April 2020 to the 17th of January 2021. Participants were identified through the snowball sampling method. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection which consisted of details of demographic characteristics, COVID-19 prevention measures, and work-life balance during the curfew period. Descriptive statistics were employed in the data analysis. RESULTS: Regarding COVID-19 prevention, 94% of the participants perceived that COVID-19 is highly contagious, and 93% believed that there is no proper established treatment plan for COVID 19. The majority of the participants rated self-quarantine (98.9%) and washing hands frequently (81.9%) as an effective measure for preventing COVID- 19. 96.8% of participants accepted to cooperate with self-quarantine if they were found to have fever and cough. The social stigma was reported as a major constrain for expressing travel history. In the aspect of work-life balance, the majority of the participants were economically unstable (53.2%) and spending time happily with their families (94.8%) during the COVID-19 curfew (lockdown) period. 95.4% of the participants have not broken any laws (laws related to curfew/ quarantine) during the COVID-19 epidemic in Sri Lanka. The monotone of activities was identified as a major cause for increasing stress during the COVID-19 lockdown period. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated that Sri Lankans who participated in the survey have an acceptable level of awareness in COVID-19 prevention measures, and that monotony of sedentary life was the leading cause of stress throughout the lockdown period.
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- 2022
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34. Usefulness of the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) tool in detecting differences before and after an ergonomics intervention
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Fernanda Cabegi de Barros, Cristiane Shinohara Moriguchi, Thaís Cristina Chaves, David M. Andrews, Michael Sonne, and Tatiana de Oliveira Sato
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Musculoskeletal discomfort ,Prevention & control ,Occupational health ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Background Most ergonomics studies on office workstations evaluate the effects of an intervention only by subjective measures such as musculoskeletal pain and discomfort. Limited evidence has been provided regarding risk factor reduction in office environments through standardized methods assessments. The Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) tool can provide an estimation of risk factor exposure for office workers as a means by which the outcome of interventions can be quantified. Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate if ROSA scores reflect changes in risk factors after an ergonomics intervention among office workers. Methods Office workers (n = 60) were divided into two groups. The experimental group received a workstation intervention and the control group received no intervention. Changes in ROSA scores were compared before and after the intervention in both groups. Results Statistically significant reductions in the ROSA final and section scores occurred after the intervention in the experimental group with (mean reduction of 2.9, 0.8 and 1.6 points for sections A, B and C, respectively). In contrast, no differences were detected in the control group (mean increase of 0.1 point for sections A and C and mean reduction of 0.1 point for Section B). Conclusions These findings show that ROSA scores reflect changes in risk factors after an ergonomics intervention in an office environment. Consequently, this tool can be used for identifying and controlling risk factors among computer workers, before and after interventions.
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- 2022
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35. Prevention of COVID19 Infection in Nursing Homes by Chemoprophylaxis With Hydroxychloroquine (PREVICHARM) (PREVICHARM)
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Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga, Carlos III Health Institute, and JOSE MIGUEL MORALES ASENCIO, Professor of Research Methods and Evidence Based Health Care at University of Málaga (Spain)
- Published
- 2020
36. Study of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for Esophagus Protection in Patients With Lung Cancer Receiving Radial Radiotherapy
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Han Xi Zhao, Principal Investigator
- Published
- 2020
37. Comparative transcriptome analysis and RNA interference reveal CYP6A8 and SNPs related to pyrethroid resistance in Aedes albopictus.
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Xu, Jiabao, Su, Xinghua, Bonizzoni, Mariangela, Zhong, Daibin, Li, Yiji, Zhou, Guofa, Nguyen, Hoan, Tong, Sarah, Yan, Guiyun, and Chen, Xiao-Guang
- Subjects
Aedes: genetics ,virology ,Animals ,China: epidemiology ,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System: drug effects ,genetics ,Dengue: epidemiology ,prevention & control ,transmission ,Female ,Gene Expression Profiling: methods ,Insect Proteins: genetics ,Insecticide Resistance: genetics ,Insecticides: adverse effects ,pharmacology ,Larva: drug effects ,metabolism ,Mosquito Control ,Mosquito Vectors: genetics ,Polymorphism ,Single Nucleotide: drug effects ,genetics ,Pyrethrins: adverse effects ,pharmacology ,RNA Interference - Abstract
Wide and improper application of pyrethroid insecticides for mosquito control has resulted in widespread resistance in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, an important dengue vector. Therefore, understanding the molecular regulation of insecticide resistance is urgently needed to provide a basis for developing novel resistance diagnostic methods and vector control approaches. We investigated the transcriptional profiles of deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible Ae. albopictus by performing paired-end sequencing for RNA expression analysis. The analysis used 24 independent libraries constructed from 12 wild-caught resistant and 12 susceptible Ae. albopictus female adults. A total of 674,503,592 and 612,512,034 reads were obtained, mapped to the Ae. albopictus genome and assembled into 20,091 Ae. albopictus transcripts. A total of 1,130 significantly differentially expressed genes included 874 up-regulated genes and 256 down-regulated genes in the deltamethrin-resistant individuals. These differentially expressed genes code for cytochrome P450s, cuticle proteins, glutathione S-transferase, serine proteases, heat shock proteins, esterase, and others. We selected three highly differentially expressed candidate genes, CYP6A8 and two genes of unknown function (CCG013931 and CCG000656), to test the association between these 3 genes and deltamethrin resistance using RNAi through microinjection in adult mosquitoes and oral feeding in larval mosquitoes. We found that expression knockdown of these three genes caused significant changes in resistance. Further, we detected 1,162 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a frequency difference of more than 50%. Among them, 5 SNPs in 4 cytochrome P450 gene families were found to be significantly associated with resistance in a genotype-phenotype association study using independent field-collected mosquitoes of known resistance phenotypes. Altogether, a combination of novel individually based transcriptome profiling, RNAi, and genetic association study identified both differentially expressed genes and SNPs associated with pyrethroid resistance in Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, and laid a useful foundation for further studies on insecticide resistance mechanisms.
- Published
- 2018
38. An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infections among people living with HIV and its successful containment-Taiwan, May to August 2021.
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Huang, Hsun-Yin, Chan, Pei-Chun, Huang, Yu-Ching, Lo, Hsiu-Yun, Lee, Pin-Hui, Yang, Chin-Hui, Kuo, Hung-Wei, and Lee, Chia-Chi
- Subjects
HIV-positive persons ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission ,HIV infections - Abstract
In Taiwan, 14,308 locally acquired COVID-19 cases among customers and employees in Sexy Tea shops were the first cases from May 9-August 28, 2021 (weeks 19-34). Nine weeks after the community spread of COVID-19 began, the proportion of people living with HIV (PLHIV) among the COVID-19 patients peaked at 35.7%, affecting 192 HIV patients, while the prevalence of HIV infection was 0.15%. In addition to a nationwide Level 3 epidemic alert, the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan CDC) launched four strategies to contain this outbreak among PLHIV in this prevaccine era, including improving the quality of contact tracing, delivering health information via peer navigators, expanding SARS-CoV-2 screening and encouraging vaccination, and addressing hesitancy. The outbreak of COVID-19 related to Alpha strain among PLHIV in 2021 ceased four weeks after peaking and lasted eight weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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39. Feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions against infectious diseases among crisis-affected populations: a scoping review
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Jonathan A. Polonsky, Sangeeta Bhatia, Keith Fraser, Arran Hamlet, Janetta Skarp, Isaac J. Stopard, Stéphane Hugonnet, Laurent Kaiser, Christian Lengeler, Karl Blanchet, and Paul Spiegel
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Disease outbreaks ,Communicable disease control ,Prevention & control ,Vulnerable populations ,Warfare and armed conflicts ,Disasters ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are a crucial suite of measures to prevent and control infectious disease outbreaks. Despite being particularly important for crisis-affected populations and those living in informal settlements, who typically reside in overcrowded and resource limited settings with inadequate access to healthcare, guidance on NPI implementation rarely takes the specific needs of such populations into account. We therefore conducted a systematic scoping review of the published evidence to describe the landscape of research and identify evidence gaps concerning the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of NPIs among crisis-affected populations and informal settlements. Methods We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed articles published between 1970 and 2020 to collate available evidence on the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of NPIs in crisis-affected populations and informal settlements. We performed quality assessments of each study using a standardised questionnaire. We analysed the data to produce descriptive summaries according to a number of categories: date of publication; geographical region of intervention; typology of crisis, shelter, modes of transmission, NPI, research design; study design; and study quality. Results Our review included 158 studies published in 85 peer-reviewed articles. Most research used low quality study designs. The acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of NPIs was highly context dependent. In general, simple and cost-effective interventions such as community-level environmental cleaning and provision of water, sanitation and hygiene services, and distribution of items for personal protection such as insecticide-treated nets, were both highly feasible and acceptable. Logistical, financial, and human resource constraints affected both the implementation and sustainability of measures. Community engagement emerged as a strong factor contributing to the effectiveness of NPIs. Conversely, measures that involve potential restriction on personal liberty such as case isolation and patient care and burial restrictions were found to be less acceptable, despite apparent effectiveness. Conclusions Overall, the evidence base was variable, with substantial knowledge gaps which varied between settings and pathogens. Based on the current landscape, robust evidence-based guidance is not possible, and a research agenda is urgently required that focusses on these specific vulnerable populations. Although implementation of NPIs presents unique practical challenges in these settings, it is critical that such an agenda is put in place, and that the lessons learned from historical and present experiences are documented to build a firm evidence base. Graphical Abstract
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- 2022
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40. Human Asymptomatic Epitope Peptide/CXCL10-Based Prime/Pull Vaccine Induces Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific Gamma Interferon-Positive CD107+ CD8+ T Cells That Infiltrate the Corneas and Trigeminal Ganglia of Humanized HLA Transgenic Rabbits and Protect against Ocular Herpes Challenge.
- Author
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Khan, Arif A, Srivastava, Ruchi, Vahed, Hawa, Roy, Soumyabrata, Walia, Sager S, Kim, Grace J, Fouladi, Mona A, Yamada, Taikun, Ly, Vincent T, Lam, Cynthia, Lou, Anthony, Nguyen, Vivianna, Boldbaatar, Undariya, Geertsema, Roger, Fraser, Nigel W, and BenMohamed, Lbachir
- Subjects
Animals ,Animals ,Genetically Modified ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes: immunology ,Chemokine CXCL10: administration & dosage ,metabolism ,Cornea: immunology ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Epitopes: immunology ,HLA Antigens: genetics ,metabolism ,Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines: administration & dosage ,immunology ,Humans ,Interferon-gamma: analysis ,Keratitis ,Herpetic: pathology ,prevention & control ,virology ,Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1: analysis ,Rabbits ,Simplexvirus: immunology ,isolation & purification ,T-Lymphocyte Subsets: immunology ,Trigeminal Ganglion: immunology ,Vaccines ,Subunit: administration & dosage ,immunology ,Viral Load - Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a prevalent human pathogen that infects the cornea, causing potentially blinding herpetic disease. A clinical herpes vaccine is still lacking. In the present study, a novel prime/pull vaccine was tested in a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic rabbit model of ocular herpes (HLA Tg rabbits). Three peptide epitopes were selected, from the HSV-1 membrane glycoprotein C (UL44400-408), the DNA replication binding helicase (UL9196-204), and the tegument protein (UL25572-580), all preferentially recognized by CD8+ T cells from "naturally protected" HSV-1-seropositive healthy asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals (who never had recurrent corneal herpetic disease). HLA Tg rabbits were immunized with a mixture of these three ASYMP CD8+ T cell peptide epitopes (UL44400-408, UL9196-204, and UL25572-580), which were delivered subcutaneously with CpG2007 adjuvant (prime). Fifteen days later, half of the rabbits received a topical ocular treatment with a recombinant neurotropic adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8) vector expressing the T cell-attracting CXCL10 chemokine (pull). The frequency and function of HSV-specific CD8+ T cells induced by the prime/pull vaccine were assessed in the peripheral blood, cornea, and trigeminal ganglion (TG). Compared to the cells generated in response to peptide immunization alone, the peptide/CXCL10 prime/pull vaccine generated frequent polyfunctional gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ+) CD107+ CD8+ T cells that infiltrated both the cornea and TG. CD8+ T cell mobilization into the cornea and TG of prime/pull-vaccinated rabbits was associated with a significant reduction in corneal herpesvirus infection and disease following an ocular HSV-1 (strain McKrae) challenge. These findings draw attention to the novel prime/pull vaccine strategy for mobilizing antiviral CD8+ T cells into tissues to protect against herpesvirus infection and disease.IMPORTANCE There is an urgent need for a vaccine against widespread herpes simplex virus infections. The present study demonstrates that immunization of HLA transgenic rabbits with a peptide/CXCL10 prime/pull vaccine triggered mobilization of HSV-specific CD8+ T cells locally into the cornea and TG, the sites of acute and latent herpesvirus infections, respectively. Mobilization of antiviral CD8+ T cells into the cornea and TG of rabbits that received the prime/pull vaccine was associated with protection against ocular herpesvirus infection and disease following an ocular HSV-1 challenge. These results highlight the importance of the prime/pull vaccine strategy to bolster the number and function of protective CD8+ T cells within infected tissues.
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- 2018
41. Laser Adjuvant-Assisted Peptide Vaccine Promotes Skin Mobilization of Dendritic Cells and Enhances Protective CD8+ TEM and TRM Cell Responses against Herpesvirus Infection and Disease.
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Lopes, Patricia P, Todorov, George, Pham, Thanh T, Nesburn, Anthony B, Bahraoui, Elmostafa, and BenMohamed, Lbachir
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Adjuvants ,Immunologic ,Animals ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes: immunology ,pathology ,Dendritic Cells: immunology ,pathology ,Epitopes ,T-Lymphocyte: immunology ,Herpes Genitalis: immunology ,pathology ,prevention & control ,Herpesvirus 2 ,Human: immunology ,Herpesvirus Vaccines: immunology ,Immunologic Memory: drug effects ,radiation effects ,Lasers ,Mice ,Mice ,Transgenic ,Peptides: immunology ,Skin: immunology ,pathology ,virology ,Viral Envelope Proteins: immunology - Abstract
There is an urgent need for chemical-free and biological-free safe adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines against widespread viral pathogens, such as herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), that infect a large proportion of the world human population. In the present study, we investigated the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of a laser adjuvant-assisted peptide (LAP) vaccine in the B6 mouse model of genital herpes. This LAP vaccine and its laser-free peptide (LFP) vaccine analog contain the immunodominant HSV-2 glycoprotein B CD8+ T cell epitope (HSV-gB498-505) covalently linked with the promiscuous glycoprotein D CD4+ T helper cell epitope (HSV-gD49-89). Prior to intradermal delivery of the LAP vaccine, the lower-flank shaved skin of B6 or CD11c/eYFP transgenic mice received a topical skin treatment with 5% imiquimod cream and then was exposed for 60 s to a laser, using the FDA-approved nonablative diode. Compared to the LFP vaccine, the LAP vaccine (i) triggered mobilization of dendritic cells (DCs) in the skin, which formed small spots along the laser-treated areas, (ii) induced phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs, (iii) stimulated long-lasting HSV-specific effector memory CD8+ T cells (TEM cells) and tissue-resident CD8+ T cells (TRM cells) locally in the vaginal mucocutaneous tissues (VM), and (iv) induced protective immunity against genital herpes infection and disease. As an alternative to currently used conventional adjuvants, the chemical- and biological-free laser adjuvant offers a well-tolerated, simple-to-produce method to enhance mass vaccination for widespread viral infections.IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) infect a large proportion of the world population. There is an urgent need for chemical-free and biological-free safe adjuvants that would advance mass vaccination against the widespread herpes infections. The present study demonstrates that immunization with a laser-assisted herpes peptide vaccine triggered skin mobilization of dendritic cells (DCs) that stimulated strong and long-lasting HSV-specific effector memory CD8+ T cells (TEM cells) and tissue-resident CD8+ T cells (TRM cells) locally in the vaginal mucocutaneous tissues. The induced local CD8+ T cell response was associated with protection against genital herpes infection and disease. These results draw attention to chemical- and biological-free laser adjuvants as alternatives to currently used conventional adjuvants to enhance mass vaccination for widespread viral infections, such as those caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2.
- Published
- 2018
42. Reversing the Cardiac Effects of Sedentary Aging in Middle Age—A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Howden, Erin J, Sarma, Satyam, Lawley, Justin S, Opondo, Mildred, Cornwell, William, Stoller, Douglas, Urey, Marcus A, Adams-Huet, Beverley, and Levine, Benjamin D
- Subjects
Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Heart Disease ,Clinical Research ,Aging ,Prevention ,Cardiovascular ,Age Factors ,Cardiac Catheterization ,Cardiorespiratory Fitness ,Echocardiography ,Three-Dimensional ,Female ,Heart Failure ,High-Intensity Interval Training ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Myocardial Contraction ,Oxygen Consumption ,Prospective Studies ,Protective Factors ,Risk Factors ,Risk Reduction Behavior ,Sedentary Behavior ,Texas ,Time Factors ,Treatment Outcome ,Ventricular Dysfunction ,Left ,Ventricular Function ,Left ,Ventricular Remodeling ,catheterization ,diastole ,exercise ,humans ,monitoring ,physiological ,prevention & control ,ventricular function ,ventricular remodeling ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology - Abstract
BackgroundPoor fitness in middle age is a risk factor for heart failure, particularly heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. The development of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction is likely mediated through increased left ventricular (LV) stiffness, a consequence of sedentary aging. In a prospective, parallel group, randomized controlled trial, we examined the effect of 2 years of supervised high-intensity exercise training on LV stiffness.MethodsSixty-one (48% male) healthy, sedentary, middle-aged participants (53±5 years) were randomly assigned to either 2 years of exercise training (n=34) or attention control (control; n=27). Right heart catheterization and 3-dimensional echocardiography were performed with preload manipulations to define LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relationships and Frank-Starling curves. LV stiffness was calculated by curve fit of the diastolic pressure-volume curve. Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) was measured to quantify changes in fitness.ResultsFifty-three participants completed the study. Adherence to prescribed exercise sessions was 88±11%. Vo2max increased by 18% (exercise training: pre 29.0±4.8 to post 34.4±6.4; control: pre 29.5±5.3 to post 28.7±5.4, group×time P
- Published
- 2018
43. Dual BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants in an adolescent with syndromic intellectual disability.
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Algouneh, Arash, Caudle, Michelle, Balci, Tugce, Andrade, Andrea, Penava, Debbie, and Saleh, Maha
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- *
INTELLECTUAL disabilities , *BRCA genes , *CHILD patients , *GENETIC counseling , *TEENAGERS , *MEDICAL genetics - Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with increased risk for breast and ovarian cancers. Concurrent mutations in both genes in the same individual are rare but pose specific challenges when identified, usually through multigene panel testing or infrequently from a genome‐wide analysis, such as whole‐exome sequencing (WES). We present a 15‐year‐old female patient with syndromic intellectual disability whose exome reanalysis identified secondary findings of pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants, both inherited paternally. We discuss the significant challenges posed by this finding in genetic counseling and cancer risk management of an adolescent with nonverbal intellectual disability, as well as the impact on their family. This rare case highlights the potential increased diagnostic yield of whole exome sequencing reanalysis and the consequences of secondary medically actionable results in a pediatric patient. We discuss the challenges in genetic counseling and cancer risk management of an adolescent with nonverbal intellectual disability and concurrent BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. This rare case highlights the potential increased diagnostic yield of whole‐exome sequencing reanalysis and the consequences of secondary medically actionable results in a pediatric patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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44. Brote de malaria en relación con un conglomerado de casos importados en una zona fronteriza, Perú.
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Edith Solis-Castro, María and Gonzalez-Seminario, Rommell V.
- Abstract
Background: Malaria is transmitted by the bite of mosquitoes which belong to the genus Anopheles. The Tumbes region, located in the northern border of Peru, despite the permanent presence of the vector, was free from malaria transmission, and there are only sporadic imported cases. Material and Methods: A case series study of an outbreak of malaria caused by P. vivax associated with a conglomerate of imported cases was carried out in the context of massive Venezuelan migration to Peru. Results: The control activities implemented through the modified epidemiological fence methodology to control the reintroduction of the disease are described; transmission of the outbreak related to Venezuelan migrants in transit was detected. Conclusions: the reintroduction of malaria in the Tumbes region was related to cases imported from Venezuela. The modified epidemiological fences made it possible to improve the collection of cases in situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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45. Effects Provided by a Physiotherapy Treatment Preventing Lower Extremity Injuries in Female Football Players
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Loreto Ferrández Laliena, Master Student
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- 2019
46. Study of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for Skin Prevention in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Radiotherapy
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Han Xi Zhao, Principal Investigator
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- 2019
47. Factors Associated with Venous Thromboembolism Pharmacoprophylaxis Initiation in Hospitalized Medical Patients: The Medical Inpatients Thrombosis and Hemostasis (MITH) Study.
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Repp AB, Sparks AD, Wilkinson K, Roetker NS, Schaefer JK, Li A, McClure LA, Terrell DR, Ferraris A, Adamski A, Smith NL, and Zakai NA
- Abstract
Background: Although guidelines recommend risk assessment for hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE) to inform prophylaxis decisions, studies demonstrate inappropriate utilization of pharmacoprophylaxis in hospitalized medical patients. Predictors of pharmacoprophylaxis initiation in medical inpatients remain largely unknown., Objective: To determine factors associated with HA-VTE pharmacoprophylaxis initiation in adults hospitalized on medical services., Design: Cohort study using electronic health record data from adult patients hospitalized on medical services at four academic medical centers between 2016 and 2019., Participants: Among 111,550 admissions not on intermediate or full-dose anticoagulation, 48,520 (43.5%) received HA-VTE pharmacoprophylaxis on the day of or the day after admission., Main Measures: Candidate predictors of HA-VTE pharmacoprophylaxis initiation, including known HA-VTE risk factors, predicted HA-VTE risk, and bleeding diagnoses present on admission., Key Results: After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and study site, the strongest clinical predictors of HA-VTE pharmacoprophylaxis initiation were malnutrition and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thrombocytopenia and history of gastrointestinal bleeding were associated with decreased odds of HA-VTE pharmacoprophylaxis initiation. Patients in the highest two tertiles of predicted HA-VTE risk were less likely to receive HA-VTE pharmacoprophylaxis than patients in the lowest (1
st ) tertile (OR 0.84, 95% CI [0.81, 0.86] for 2nd tertile, OR 0.95, 95% CI [0.92, 0.98] for 3rd tertile)., Conclusions: Among patients not already receiving anticoagulants, HA-VTE pharmacoprophylaxis initiation during the first two hospital days was lower in patients with higher predicted HA-VTE risk and those with risk factors for bleeding. Reasons for not initiating pharmacoprophylaxis in those with higher predicted risk could not be assessed., (Copyright © 2024 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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48. District-level epidemiology and sociodemographic determinants of noncommunicable diseases - results the National Family Health Survey -5 (2019-21).
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Kulothungan V, Mascarenhas L, Das P, and Mathur P
- Abstract
Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of adult mortality in India. However, the data regarding the prevalence of NCD risk factors at district level is scarce. This study aims to analyse and map NCD risk factors at the state and district levels, exploring sociodemographic influences on these risks in Indian males and females., Methods: We analyzed National Family Health Survey-5 database and used the prevalence estimates to create choropleth maps, enabling us to examine the geographical variations in NCD risk factors at the district level in India., Results: Districts in the Satluj-Yamuna plains, western Rajasthan, and the northeastern regions exhibited clusters with a prevalence of high blood pressure exceeding 30.1 %. Northeastern districts showed over 40 % prevalence of current tobacco use, while high alcohol consumption clusters were observed in the northeastern and Telangana districts. Southern districts showed clusters of both obesity (as measured by BMI) and highest rates of oral, breast, and cervical cancer screening, moreover districts in Tamil Nadu exhibited notable clusters of raised blood glucose prevalence., Conclusion: Our analysis revealed variations in the prevalence of NCD risk factors at both the state and district levels. Accordingly, this study ranks districts based on the NCD burden, offering valuable insights to state and district teams to devise targeted measures for the prevention and control of NCDs, particularly in the most heavily affected districts., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2024
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49. Protocol for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in varicose vein surgery of the lower limbs
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MARCOS ARÊAS MARQUES, STÊNIO KARLOS ALVIM FIORELLI, BERNARDO CUNHA SENRA BARROS, ALCIDES JOSÉ ARAÚJO RIBEIRO, ARNO VON RISTOW, and ROSSANO KEPLER ALVIM FIORELLI
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Venous Thromboembolism ,Pulmonary Embolism ,Patient Safety ,Prevention & Control ,Protocols ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Pulmonary embolism is the most feared complication of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the third leading cause of cardiovascular mortality in the world, after acute myocardial infarction and stroke. The risk of VTE is virtually universal in hospitalized patients, especially those with reduced mobility. Although variable in incidence between clinical and surgical patients, up to 66.6% of events related to hospitalizations can occur after discharge, with this risk remaining for up to 90 days. Despite all the investment made in VTE prophylaxis in recent decades, there is still no consensus or specific guidelines for its prevention in patients undergoing conventional surgery for varicose veins of lower limbs. The adoption of a validated risk assessment model for VTE prophylaxis, based on the current literature, may help in the implementation and standardization of VTE prophylaxis in conventional lower limb varicose vein surgery, in addition to this benefit, it may lead to a reduction in the length of hospital stay and the number of readmissions.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Dual BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants in an adolescent with syndromic intellectual disability
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Arash Algouneh, Michelle Caudle, Tugce Balci, Andrea Andrade, Debbie Penava, and Maha Saleh
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early detection of cancer ,gynecology medical genetics ,incidental findings ,intellectual disability ,pediatrics ,prevention & Control ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with increased risk for breast and ovarian cancers. Concurrent mutations in both genes in the same individual are rare but pose specific challenges when identified, usually through multigene panel testing or infrequently from a genome‐wide analysis, such as whole‐exome sequencing (WES). We present a 15‐year‐old female patient with syndromic intellectual disability whose exome reanalysis identified secondary findings of pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants, both inherited paternally. We discuss the significant challenges posed by this finding in genetic counseling and cancer risk management of an adolescent with nonverbal intellectual disability, as well as the impact on their family. This rare case highlights the potential increased diagnostic yield of whole exome sequencing reanalysis and the consequences of secondary medically actionable results in a pediatric patient.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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