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The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) became effective from May 25th, 2018 in the EU and influences any company that collects and stores personal data about European citizens. Our research aim is to explore opportunities and challenges that Norwegian companies face when complying with GDPR. First, we studied the 99 articles that constitutes GDPR. Second, we conducted a survey questionnaire and third, we took part in the GDPR project of one large company during spring 2018. Our contribution consists of insights and descriptions of opportunities and challenges that Norwegian companies face when complying with GDPR. Our main findings include that the majority of our respondents was well informed about the new regulation and they rated themselves as well prepared. They even saw some positive aspects, like gaining more control over the company's data and business procedures. The greatest concern is how to comply with Article 17: Right to erasure ("right to be forgotten"). In addition, this paper contributes by identifying eleven of 99 GDPR articles that primarily influence a company's IT-systems. Our study should be of interest to company managers and it will remain relevant in the time after the GDPR implementation date. In this regard, one of our respondents eloquently stated: "Complying with GDPR is not a goal to be reached, it is the start of a journey". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent improvements in communication, information and connectivity technologies have made new business models possible. Peer-to-peer platforms, collectively known as the sharing economy, have emerged as alternative suppliers of goods and services traditionally provided by long-established industries. Airbnb was founded in 2008 and enables people to book accommodations from a mobile phone or tablet, without involving a third party like travel agency or hotel manager. This implies that technology can replace customer service. This paper was guided by our research question: How is the interaction between Airbnb hosts and guests, and can the feedback loop be trusted? Drawing on some concepts of the "Market of Lemons theory" we wanted to investigate the potential positive and negative reinforcements of the feedback loop, which are enabled by the technological platform used by Airbnb. We interviewed current hosts and guests of Airbnb during the summer of 2017. Our findings indicate that both guests and hosts are reluctant to express certain negative experiences in the feedback loop, and that they are unaware of the consequences. This study confirms both the inflation of the rating with five stars, and the positively skewed written reviews. Our conclusion of this explorative study indicates that the feedback loop is not as trustworthy as users believe, especially when it comes to minor and high severity issues; while issues of medium severity seems to be reported. This study should be interesting to existing and potential hosts and guests of Airbnb and similar services, as well as researchers of the sharing economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many PhD students write paper-based dissertations. This has several advantages; by dividing the PhD project into smaller pieces you get published early, and also reduce the overall risk of running out of time and funding. However, at one point you will need to write a PhD Summary, which essentially should show that all the pieces fit together into one consistent contribution. This is often more difficult and time consuming than expected, and the PhD student - while now well versed in the chosen research method - is often at loss regarding how to do this. Enter Strawberry Analysis. Building on Carney's Ladder of Analytical Abstraction and Miles & Huberman's data analysis techniques we suggest a framework that guides the PhD student through four steps of analytical abstraction and synthesis, enabling her or him to integrate the contributions of each paper. We illustrate the approach by an example, and discuss the usefulness of the framework. This study should be useful to PhD students writing a paper-based PhD, particularly those who have published a few papers and are in the second half of writing the Summary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business system studies are in demand in higher education, and current research is addressing how this should be taught from a pedagogic angle. This paper describes a different framing of the phenomenon. Building on Hanseth's information infrastructure theory and Larman's pattern principles, a case from higher education is used to investigate how a knowledge infrastructure can be built in higher education. The case is a course of Business Intelligence at a university college which has evolved over six years. Two contributions are offered. The first is the proposal of an alternative theoretical framing of Business systems studies, where the "knowledge infrastructure in action" model highlights the dynamics of the interplay between the structural level and the actionable level. The second contribution consists of four practical patterns for establishing a business systems course in an educational or industrial organisation. This research should be useful for lecturers of business systems, both in college and the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of social media/mobile technology and Business Intelligence (BI) analysis opens for an unprecedented use of personal data for business purposes. This paper argues that it is high time for ethics to catch up with the evolution of Business Intelligence technology. Traditional BI is defined as decision support for management in an organization, by use of technology. New BI trends include "BI for all", "Social media analysis", and "Big data", but there is little attention on ethics within BI, both in the past decade and when it comes to current "call for papers". Recent research has so far failed to address the potential threat to a person's privacy and individuality. This paper investigates the following research question: To what degree are the existing ethical guidelines sufficient for the privacy and individuality challenges posed by modern BI? Using a framework for analysis by Davenport et al, this paper identifies six types of ethical dilemmas caused by BI technology. The Norwegian Research Ethics Guidelines for Natural Science and Technology (NENT) and the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct are presented and discussed. The following findings are offered: the guidelines do cover the ethical dilemmas, but they are not followed. This results in a call for more research on dedicated ethical guidelines in BI. Such a framework for BI ethics would be useful for anyone working with BI, both in the industry and in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business Intelligence (BI) is commonly seen as a decision making process with associated tools. In this paper, we explore how research can be conducted using BI techniques. Our main argument is that BI can be modified to offer a full stepwise process, going from the research question through data collection, data qualification, and data analysis, to findings and conclusion. We believe that the Internet offers innovative and vast opportunities for BI analysis. As an example we discuss an investigation of customer communication on Facebook. Further, we identify nine different BI research designs. These designs show a considerable breadth of possible investigations, ranging from simple blog analysis to surveillance research. We illustrate that the basic BI steps constitute a sound research basis for all these designs. We find that BI is useful in an exploratory setting with no clear hypotheses, because it allows for creative queries and mining of large amounts of data. Overall, we argue that BI offers some new and exciting opportunities for research designs in an information-rich world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companies have invested in complex CRM systems for two decades. The results of these considerable investments are at best moderate. What is the potential of new social software, such as Facebook, in handling customer relationships? We conducted a case study of two Norwegian airlines' use of Facebook for customer communication during the ash crisis in April 2010. Our research approach was a Business Intelligence analysis using web and text mining based on 28.000postings on Facebook. We offer two findings: First, Facebook was successfully used for customer communication during the ash crisis: it quickly became a preferred channel for the passengers, and the companies managed to use it effectively. Second, we find that Facebook has also a more general potential in solving some of the shortcomings of traditional CRM, notably on openness, maintenance of personal data and self-reinforcing mechanisms for diffusion. If not a full CRM, Facebook can serve as an "agile CRM". There are, however, also concerns; one is privacy issues, another is the integrity of data over time, and a third is the cost effectiveness of Facebook as a communication channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]