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Visual field dependence in 292 multi-ethnic adult children of alcoholics (ACAs) and nonalcoholics (NACAs) was assessed, using the Hidden Figures Test (Ekstrom, French, & Harmon, 1976). There were no differences among ethnic groups, but ACAs achieved a significantly lower percentage of correct answers and more incorrect answers and attempted more questions relative to NACAs. These findings suggest that ACAs' visuospatial deficits are not related to ethnic and cultural factors., ALCOHOLICS AND THEIR CHILDREN exhibit a deficit in the processing of visuospatial information. Across a series of studies, Schandler and his colleagues (Schandler, Brannock, Cohen, Antick, & Caine, 1988; Schandler, [...]

Meta-analytic techniques were used to review studies of the illusion of control. Fifty-three experiments from 29 articles were included in the present review. Participants' awareness of the possibility that task outcomes were random, type of illusion measured, type of situational variable, and type of control assessment were identified as possible moderator variables. Larger effect sizes were found in experiments that measured participants' perception of their ability to predict outcomes as opposed to participants' perception of their ability to control outcomes. Also, larger effects were obtained in experiments that used indirect, quantitative as opposed to direct assessments of the illusion of control. The illusion of control construct has been operationalized in many different ways. These operationalizations converge on E. Langer's (1975) definition of illusory control, but many of them do not seem to assess the commonly used notion of control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meta-analytic techniques were used to review studies of the relation between Levenson's locus of control scales and depressive symptomatology. Whereas other reviewers have used only zero-order correlations as estimates of effect size, the present review included semipartial correlations. After partialling out the shared variance of the chance and powerful others scales, higher beliefs in a lack of internality were associated with higher levels of depressive symptomatology. Also, higher scores on the chance and powerful others scales were uniquely associated with higher scores on measures of depressive symptomatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]