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1. Angular decay coefficients of $J/\psi$ mesons at forward rapidity from $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=510$ GeV

Author

Adare, A., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Akimoto, R., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Aramaki, Y., Asano, H., Atomssa, E. T., Awes, T. C., Ayuso, C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bandara, N. S., Bannier, B., Barish, K. N., Bathe, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Beckman, S., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Black, D., Blau, D. S., Boer, M., Bok, J. S., Bownes, E. K., Boyle, K., Brooks, M. L., Bryslawskyj, J., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Butler, C., Campbell, S., CanoaRoman, C., Cervantes, R., Chen, C. -H., Chi, C. Y., Chiu, M., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Chujo, T., Citron, Z., Connors, M., Cronin, N., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., Danley, T. W., Datta, A., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Ding, L., Dion, A., Dixit, D., Do, J. H., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Dumancic, M., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., Dusing, J. P., Elder, T., Enokizono, A., En'yo, H., Esumi, S., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D. E., Finger, M., Finger, Jr., M., Fokin, S. L., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fukuda, Y., Gal, C., Gallus, P., Garg, P., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Goto, Y., Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gu, Y., Gunji, T., Guragain, H., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H. F., Han, S. Y., Hanks, J., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T. O. S., He, X., Hemmick, T. K., Hill, J. C., Hill, K., Hollis, R. S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Huang, S., Ikeda, Y., Imai, K., Imazu, Y., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ito, Y., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B. V., Jeon, S. J., Jezghani, M., Ji, Z, Jia, J., Jiang, X., Johnson, B. M., Joo, E., Joo, K. S., Jorjadze, V., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kang, J. H., Kang, J. S., Kapukchyan, D., Karthas, S., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Kempel, T., Key, J. A., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Kihara, K., Kim, C., Kim, D. H., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. -J., Kim, H. -J., Kim, M., Kim, Y. K., Kimball, M. L., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kofarago, M., Koster, J., Kotler, J. R., Kotov, D., Kudo, S., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Lacey, R., Lajoie, J. G., Lallow, E. O., Lebedev, A., Lee, K. B., Lee, S., Lee, S. H., Leitch, M. J., Leitgab, M., Leung, Y. H., Lewis, N. A., Li, X., Lim, S. H., Liu, L. D., Liu, M. X., Loggins, V-R, Loggins, V. -R., Lovasz, K., Lynch, D., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Malaev, M., Manion, A., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Meles, A., Mendez, A. R., Mendoza, M., Meredith, B., Miake, Y., Mignerey, A. C., Mihalik, D. E. M., Miller, A. J., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mitchell, J. T., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D. P., Morrow, S. I. M., Moukhanova, T. V., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagai, K., Nagamiya, S., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J. L., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakagomi, H., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Netrakanti, P. K., Nihashi, M., Niida, T., Nouicer, R., Novák, T., Novitzky, N., Novotny, R., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C. A., Koop, J. D. Orjuela, Osborn, J. D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G. J., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J. S., Park, S., Pate, S. F., Patel, L., Patel, M., Peng, J. -C., Peng, W., Perepelitsa, D. V., Perera, G. D. N., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C. E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pinson, R., Pisani, R. P., Press, C. J., Pun, A., Purschke, M. L., Rak, J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K. F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Riveli, N., Roach, D., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Rubin, J. G., Runchey, J., Safonov, A. S., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, K., Sato, S., Sawada, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B. K., Sedgwick, K., Seele, J., Seidl, R., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silva, J. A., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Snowball, M., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Stankus, P. W., Stepanov, M., Stien, H., Stoll, S. P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Syed, S., Sziklai, J., Takahara, A., Takeda, A, Taketani, A., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Torii, H., Towell, C. L., Towell, M., Towell, R., Towell, R. S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., van Hecke, H. W., Vargyas, M., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Vznuzdaev, E., Wang, X. R., Wang, Z., Watanabe, D., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y. S., Wei, F., Whitaker, S., Wolin, S., Wong, C. P., Woody, C. L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Xue, L., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yamamoto, H., Yanovich, A., Yoo, J. H., Yoon, I., Younus, I., Yu, H., Yushmanov, I. E., Zajc, W. A., Zelenski, A., and Zou, L.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report the first measurement of the full angular distribution for inclusive $J/\psi\rightarrow\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ decays in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=510$ GeV. The measurements are made for $J/\psi$ transverse momentum $2

Published
2016
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2. Measurement of the relative yields of $\psi(2S)$ to $\psi(1S)$ mesons produced at forward and backward rapidity in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV

Author

Adare, A., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Ayuso, C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bandara, N. S., Bannier, B., Barish, K. N., Bathe, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Beckman, S., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Blau, D. S., Boer, M., Bok, J. S., Bownes, E. K., Boyle, K., Brooks, M. L., Bryslawskyj, J., Bumazhnov, V., Butler, C., Campbell, S., CanoaRoman, C., Cervantes, R., Chen, C. -H., Chi, C. Y., Chiu, M., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Chujo, T., Citron, Z., Connors, M., Cronin, N., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., Danley, T. W., Datta, A., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Dion, A., Diss, P. B., Dixit, D., Do, J. H., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Dumancic, M., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., Dusing, J. P., Elder, T., Enokizono, A., En'yo, H., Esumi, S., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D. E., Finger, M., Finger, Jr., M., Fokin, S. L., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fukuda, Y., Gal, C., Gallus, P., Garg, P., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Goto, Y., Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gunji, T., Guragain, H., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H. F., Han, S. Y., Hanks, J., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T. O. S., Hashimoto, K., He, X., Hemmick, T. K., Hill, J. C., Hill, K., Hollis, R. S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Huang, S., Imai, K., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ito, Y., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B. V., Jezghani, M., Ji, Z, Jia, J., Jiang, X., Johnson, B. M., Jorjadze, V., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kanda, S., Kang, J. H., Kapukchyan, D., Karthas, E., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Key, J. A., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Kim, C., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. -J., Kim, G. W., Kim, M., Kimball, M. L., Kimelman, B., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Kitamura, R., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Komkov, B., Kotler, J. R., Kotov, D., Kudo, S., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Lacey, R., Lajoie, J. G., Lallow, E. O., Lebedev, A., Lee, S., Lee, S. H., Leitch, M. J., Leung, Y. H., Lewis, N. A., Li, X., Lim, S. H., Liu, L. D., Liu, M. X., Loggins, V-R, Loggins, V. -R., Lovasz, K., Lynch, D., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Malaev, M., Manion, A., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Meles, A., Mendez, A. R., Mendoza, M., Mignerey, A. C., Mihalik, D. E. M., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mitchell, J. T., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, A. K., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D. P., Morrow, S. I. M., Moukhanova, T. V., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagai, K., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J. L., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakagomi, H., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Netrakanti, P. K., Niida, T., Nishimura, S., Nouicer, R., Novák, T., Novitzky, N., Novotny, R., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C. A., Koop, J. D. Orjuela, Osborn, J. D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G. J., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J. S., Park, S., Pate, S. F., Patel, M., Peng, J. -C., Peng, W., Perepelitsa, D. V., Perera, G. D. N., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C. E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pinson, R., Pisani, R. P., Press, C. J., Pun, A., Purschke, M. L., Rak, J., Ramson, B. J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K. F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Rubin, J. G., Runchey, J., Safonov, A. S., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, K., Sato, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B. K., Sedgwick, K., Seidl, R., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silva, J. A., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Snowball, M., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Stankus, P. W., Stepanov, M., Stien, H., Stoll, S. P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Syed, SS, Sziklai, J., Takeda, A, Taketani, A., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Towell, C. L., Towell, R., Towell, R. S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., van Hecke, H. W., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Wang, X. R., Wang, Z., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y. S., Wei, F., White, A. S., Wong, C. P., Woody, C. L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Xue, L., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yamamoto, H., Yanovich, A., Yoo, J. H., Yoon, I., Yu, H., Yushmanov, I. E., Zajc, W. A., Zelenski, A., Zhou, S., and Zou, L.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The PHENIX Collaboration has measured the ratio of the yields of $\psi(2S)$ to $\psi(1S)$ mesons produced in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV over the forward and backward rapidity intervals $1.2<|y|<2.2$. We find that the ratio in $p$$+$$p$ collisions is consistent with measurements at other collision energies. In collisions with nuclei, we find that in the forward ($p$-going or $^{3}$He-going) direction, the relative yield of $\psi(2S)$ mesons to $\psi(1S)$ mesons is consistent with the value measured in \pp collisions. However, in the backward (nucleus-going) direction, the $\psi(2S)$ is preferentially suppressed by a factor of $\sim$2. This suppression is attributed in some models to breakup of the weakly-bound $\psi(2S)$ through final state interactions with comoving particles, which have a higher density in the nucleus-going direction. These breakup effects may compete with color screening in a deconfined quark-gluon plasma to produce sequential suppression of excited quarkonia states., Comment: 364 authors, 10 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, 2014,15 data. v2 is version accepted by Phys. Rev. C. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html

Published
2016
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3. Automatic imitation and associative learning

Author

Press, C. M.

Subjects
612.8
Abstract

Human body movements are especially effective in eliciting imitative responses. This thesis aims to establish why this is the case, and fundamentally, what this suggests about the mechanisms mediating imitation. Chapter 1 outlines theories which can account for this imitative bias, and highlights issues upon which these theories can be distinguished. Chapter 2 establishes whether the finding that responses are executed faster in response to stimuli of the same action type reflects an automatic tendency to imitate observed actions. On the basis of evidence to support this hypothesis, Chapters 3 and 4 use this reaction time measure to investigate imitation mechanisms. Chapter 3 addresses whether the human imitative bias emerges through top-down modulation of imitation mechanisms, on the basis of knowledge about whether stimuli are of human origin, or through perceptual properties of stimuli. These experiments suggest that automatic imitation effects are larger with human stimuli than robotic stimuli, but are unaffected by beliefs about stimulus identity, indicating that the imitative bias is driven by perceptual properties of stimuli. Chapter 4 asks why the perceptual properties of human stimuli are especially effective in eliciting imitative responses. On the basis of evidence suggesting that training can modulate imitation of robotic stimuli, this chapter supports the hypothesis that the imitative bias results from greater opportunity for associative learning with human stimuli. Chapter 5 investigates whether visuotactile integration can be modulated through training, in a similar way to visuomotor integration. By recording event-related brain potentials in response to tactile stimulation following visuotactile training, Chapter 5 indicates that visuotactile integration is modulated following training, but there are some differences in the influences of training with human and non-human visual stimuli. In summary, the results of the experiments reported in this thesis support the hypothesis that the human imitative bias emerges because of perceptual properties of human stimuli and greater opportunity to form associations between these stimuli and matching responses. These findings are consistent with the Associative Sequence Learning model of imitation. Visuotactile integration may also be understood with reference to associative learning.

Published
2007

4. Stubborn predictions in primary visual cortex

Author

Yon, D., Thomas, E.R., Gilbert, S.J., Lange, F.P. de, Kok, P., Press, C., Yon, D., Thomas, E.R., Gilbert, S.J., Lange, F.P. de, Kok, P., and Press, C.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 295427.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), Perceivers can use past experiences to make sense of ambiguous sensory signals. However, this may be inappropriate when the world changes and past experiences no longer predict what the future holds. Optimal learning models propose that observers decide whether to stick with or update their predictions by tracking the uncertainty or "precision" of their expectations. However, contrasting theories of prediction have argued that we are prone to misestimate uncertainty - leading to stubborn predictions that are difficult to dislodge. To compare these possibilities, we had participants learn novel perceptual predictions before using fMRI to record visual brain activity when predictive contingencies were disrupted - meaning that previously "expected" events became objectively improbable. Multivariate pattern analyses revealed that expected events continued to be decoded with greater fidelity from primary visual cortex, despite marked changes in the statistical structure of the environment, which rendered these expectations no longer valid. These results suggest that our perceptual systems do indeed form stubborn predictions even from short periods of learning - and more generally suggest that top–down expectations have the potential to help or hinder perceptual inference in bounded minds like ours.

Published
2023

5. Structural biochemistry of the Tol-Pal inner membrane protein assembly

Author

Press, C, Kleanthous, K, and Newstead, S

Subjects
Structural Biology, Bacterial cell surfaces, Biochemistry
Abstract

Understanding fundamental processes within bacteria is crucial to building new approaches to tackle the problem of antimicrobial resistance. In particular, the cell envelope is a key focus as it is a target for current and future antibiotics. The Gram-negative cell envelope typically comprises of an outer membrane (OM), cell wall and inner membrane (IM). The OM acts as a barrier to the outside world and can confer intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. However, the OM is non-energised and so active processes that are carried out at the OM must harness an energy source from elsewhere. One system that carries out such a process is the Tol-Pal system that works to actively maintain the integrity of the OM. Tol-Pal utilises the proton motive force (PMF) across the inner membrane to carry out this role. There are five core components of the Tol-Pal system that span the cell envelope. Pal is a lipoprotein anchored into the OM that binds the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall. TolB is a periplasmic protein that binds Pal with high affinity. When in complex with TolB, Pal can freely diffuse within the plane of the OM. The Tol-Pal system works to modulate the binding state of Pal between PG and TolB. During cell division, Pal is recruited to the septum to ensure the OM is tethered to the PG as the cell divides. The IM components TolQ-TolR are responsible for transducing the PMF to the IM effector protein TolA. It is thought that upon interaction and protonation, TolA extends across the periplasm to bind the TolB-Pal complex at the OM. TolA then relaxes back to its ground state, dissociating TolB from Pal, allowing for the deposition of Pal onto PG. The work described in this study aimed to better our understanding of the IM components of Tol-Pal by integrating a range of structural, biochemical, computational, and biophysical techniques. The first focus was to elucidate the role of the second domain of TolA in extending across the periplasm to bind TolB-Pal. A combination of Far UV circular dichroism, size exclusion chromatography multi-angle light scattering, and nuclear magnetic resonance determined that the domain is helical, monomeric and has flexible N- and C-termini. Analysis of the AlphaFold2 model of the domain reveals an extended helical hairpin structure in this domain that is the length of the periplasm. Molecular dynamic simulations demonstrated the helices of this domain can interact, and provided a basis for a new mechanism by which TolA reaches the OM. The assembly of the IM stator component of Tol-Pal, TolQ-TolR, was also investigated. First, extensive optimisation was carried out to identify conditions where TolQ-TolR could be purified. Following this, the stoichiometry of the complex was investigated through biochemical methods, native mass spectrometry, and cryo-EM. In addition, the assembly of TolQ-TolR was modelled through computational means and the model evaluated in relation to experimental data. The final project of the study investigated the IM interactions of the TolQ-TolR-TolA assembly through a photoactivatable crosslinking approach. The TolAHis22BPA mutation was demonstrated to be functional, but crosslinks between TolA and TolQ at this site could not be detected. Modelling of AlphaFold2 TolA into the TolQ-TolR model showed TolA binds to a groove between two transmembrane helices of TolQ. In combination, the study furthers our understanding of how the Tol-Pal IM components assemble, and suggests a new ‘helical hinge’ mechanism for how TolA operates, allowing it to bridge the periplasm and bind to TolB-Pal at the OM.

Published
2023

7. Action enhances predicted touch

Author

Thomas, E.R., Yon, D., Lange, F.P. de, Press, C., Thomas, E.R., Yon, D., Lange, F.P. de, and Press, C.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, It is widely believed that predicted tactile action outcomes are perceptually attenuated. The present experiments determined whether predictive mechanisms necessarily generate attenuation or, instead, can enhance perception - as typically observed in sensory cognition domains outside of action. We manipulated probabilistic expectations in a paradigm often used to demonstrate tactile attenuation. Adult participants produced actions and subsequently rated the intensity of forces on a static finger. Experiment 1 confirmed previous findings that action outcomes are perceived less intensely than passive stimulation but demonstrated more intense perception when active finger stimulation was removed. Experiments 2 and 3 manipulated prediction explicitly and found that expected touch during action is perceived more intensely than unexpected touch. Computational modeling suggested that expectations increase the gain afforded to expected tactile signals. These findings challenge a central tenet of prominent motor control theories and demonstrate that sensorimotor predictions do not exhibit a qualitatively distinct influence on tactile perception.

Published
2022

9. Building better theories

Author

Press, C, Yon, D, and Heyes, C

Subjects
Health Behavior, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

In this My word, Press et al. tackle the 'theory crisis' in cognitive science. Using examples of good and not-so-good theoretical practice, they distinguish theories from effects, predictions, hypotheses, typologies, and frameworks in a self-help checklist of seven questions to guide theory construction, evaluation, and testing.

Published
2022

11. Action biases perceptual decisions toward expected outcomes

Author

Yon, D., Zainzinger, V., Lange, F.P. de, Eimer, M., Press, C., Yon, D., Zainzinger, V., Lange, F.P. de, Eimer, M., and Press, C.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 227546.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), We predict how our actions will influence the world around us. Prevailing models in the action control literature propose that we use these predictions to suppress or "cancel" perception of expected action outcomes, to highlight more informative surprising events. However, contrasting normative Bayesian models in sensory cognition suggest that we are more, not less, likely to perceive what we expect - given that what we expect is more likely to occur. Here we adjudicated between these models by investigating how expectations influence perceptual decisions about action outcomes in a signal detection paradigm. Across three experiments, participants performed one of two manual actions that were sometimes accompanied by brief presentation of expected or unexpected visual outcomes. Contrary to dominant cancellation models but consistent with Bayesian accounts, we found that observers were biased to report the presence of expected action outcomes. There were no effects of expectation on sensitivity. Computational modeling revealed that the action-induced bias reflected a sensory bias in how evidence was accumulated rather than a baseline shift in decision circuits. Expectation effects remained in Experiments 2 and 3 when orthogonal cues indicated which finger was more likely to be probed (i.e. task-relevant). These biases toward perceiving expected action outcomes are suggestive of a mechanism that would enable generation of largely veridical representations of our actions and their consequences in an inherently uncertain sensory world.

Published
2021

12. Neurocomputational mechanisms of action-outcome prediction in V1

Author

Press, C., Thomas, E.R., Gilbert, S.J., Lange, F.P. de, Kok, P., Yon, D., Press, C., Thomas, E.R., Gilbert, S.J., Lange, F.P. de, Kok, P., and Yon, D.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, Goal-directed action depends on our ability to anticipate the outcomes of our movements. Recent accounts have suggested that the predictive mechanisms deployed during action operate according to general principles of perceptual prediction – with observers using top-down knowledge about likely action consequences to bias perception of expected outcomes and to 'sharpen' representations in the sensory brain. However, it remains unclear what kind of mechanism generates these effects, and there is continuing controversy surrounding the relationship between predictive effects on the sensory brain and behavior. Here we present a new experiment addressing this controversy by combining multivariate fMRI with computational modelling of participant choices in an action and perception task. In a behavioral acquisition phase, participants acquired perfect associations between manual actions and gratings with particular orientations. In a subsequent MRI test session, participants produced manual actions either with no visual effect (33%), or to generate gratings with an orientation that was expected (33%) or unexpected (33%) on the basis of the preceding training. When expectations were valid, decisions about the grating orientation were faster than on unexpected trials and modelling indicated that this effect was explained by biases in sensory evidence. Representations of outcomes in primary visual cortex (V1) were also ‘sharpened’ relative to unexpected trials, such that linear support vector machines classified the identity of the gratings from patterns of V1 activity with superior accuracy. Moreover, we performed a number of analyses allowing us to examine the relationship between the V1 processing and behavioral decisions, revealing how effects of action prediction in primary visual cortex are related to what agents see and what they decide.

Published
2020

20. Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder are sensitive to the kinematic features defining natural human motion

Author

Edey, R, Cook, J, Brewer, R, Bird, G, and Press, C

Subjects
psyc
Abstract

It has been hypothesized that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (hereafter ‘autism’) have problems perceiving biological motion, which contributes to their social difficulties. However, the ability to perceive the kinematic profile characteristic of biological motion has not been systematically examined in autism. To examine this basic perceptual ability we conducted two experiments comparing adults with autism with matched typical adults. In Experiment 1, participants indicated whether two movements – which differed in the quantity of formula-generated biological motion – were the same or different. In Experiment 2, they judged which of two movements was ‘less natural’, where the stimuli varied in the degree to which they were a product of real movement data produced by autistic and typical models. There were no group differences in perceptual sensitivity in either experiment, with null effects supported by Bayesian analyses. The findings from these two experiments demonstrate that adults with autism are sensitive to the kinematic information defining biological motion to a typical degree – they are both able to detect the perceptual information in a same-different judgment, and as inclined to categorize biological motion derived from real models as natural. These findings therefore provide evidence against the hypothesis that individuals with autism exhibit low-level difficulties in perceiving the kinematics of others’ actions, suggesting that atypicalities arise either when integrating this kinematic information with other perceptual input, or in the interpretation of kinematic information.

Published
2018

21. Mountain rescue casualty care and the undergraduate medical elective

Author

Larsen, J., Blagnys, H., Cooper, B., Press, C., Sambridge, N., Livesey, M., Watt, C., Allewell, C., Chapman, N., Larsen, J., Blagnys, H., Cooper, B., Press, C., Sambridge, N., Livesey, M., Watt, C., Allewell, C., and Chapman, N.

Abstract

Many UK medical curricula lack dedicated prehospital education other than first aid courses and basic life support training. In contrast, nonmedical mountain rescue team members receive advanced prehospital training addressing scene management and various clinical interventions. This article reports a condensed mountain rescue casualty care course designed for medical students by a mountain rescue team. The course was offered as part of a student-selected module during phase 3A at the University of Sheffield Medical School. Within the module, students also learned the relevant biomedical sciences and clinical skills to construct their knowledge of mountain rescue casualty care.

Published
2019

22. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Author

Albini, B., primary, Adler, B., additional, Adler, H., additional, Ameratunga, R., additional, Anderson, A.O., additional, Andrews, A.E., additional, Arstila, T.P., additional, Bailey, M., additional, Barnes, H.J., additional, Bazin, H., additional, Bertoni, G., additional, Blacklaws, B., additional, Bos, N.A., additional, Brait, M., additional, Butler, J.E., additional, Cahill, R.N.P., additional, Carter, S.D., additional, Cesbron, J.-Y., additional, Charlemagne, J., additional, Charley, B., additional, Cunningham, C., additional, Cukrowska, B., additional, Daha, M.R., additional, Dammers, P.M., additional, Deenen, G.J., additional, Defresne, M.P., additional, Delhem, N., additional, Demaries, S.L., additional, Desmecht, D., additional, Dijkstra, C.D., additional, Ellis, A.E., additional, Fatzer, R., additional, Felsburg, P.J., additional, Fletcher, O.J., additional, Fluri, A., additional, Foss, D.L., additional, Gianello, P., additional, Giger, U., additional, Goddeeris, B., additional, Govaerts, A., additional, Grant, C.K., additional, Greiner, D.L., additional, Griebel, P.J., additional, Grimholt, U., additional, Groen, H., additional, Hague, B., additional, Haig, D., additional, Hala, K., additional, Hamers, R., additional, Hanken, R.J., additional, Hannant, D., additional, Harbour, D.A., additional, Harlan, J., additional, Hawken, R.J., additional, Hein, W.R., additional, Heinen, E., additional, Helfand, S.C., additional, Hermann, T., additional, Høgåsen, K., additional, Hogenesch, H., additional, Hordvik, I., additional, Horohov, D.W., additional, Howard, C., additional, Hünig, T., additional, Husband, A., additional, Hüttner, S.W., additional, Hylkema, M.N., additional, Ingram, G.A., additional, Ishiguro, N., additional, Jakowlew, S.B., additional, Jeurissen, S.H.M., additional, Joosten, E., additional, Jørgensen, T., additional, Jungi, T.W., additional, Kaplan, M.H., additional, Kaufman, J., additional, Kimpton, W.G., additional, Knight, K.L., additional, Koch, C., additional, Komatsu, M., additional, Koppenheffer, T.L., additional, Krakowka, G.S., additional, Kroese, F.G.M., additional, Landsverk, T., additional, Lanning, D., additional, Latinne, D., additional, Leblond, V., additional, Leutenegger, C., additional, Levy, J.K., additional, Lewin, H., additional, Lie, Ø., additional, Lillehoj, H.S., additional, Llanes, D., additional, Lumsden, J.S., additional, Lunn, D.P., additional, Lunney, J., additional, Lutz, H., additional, MacHugh, N., additional, Maddox, J.F., additional, Mage, R.G., additional, Martin, H.M., additional, McClure, S., additional, McConnell, T.J., additional, McCormack, W.T., additional, McCullagh, P.P., additional, McKeever, D., additional, Mertens, B., additional, Miller, N.W., additional, Modiano, J.F., additional, Morgan, B.P., additional, Morizot, D.C., additional, Moutschen, M.P., additional, Murtaugh, M.P., additional, Muyldermans, S., additional, Naessens, J., additional, Nash, A.D., additional, Nguyen, T.C., additional, Nieuwenhuis, P., additional, Obexer-Ruff, G., additional, Pabst, R., additional, Pastoret, P.P., additional, Pedersen, N.C., additional, Pertile, T.L., additional, Pescovitz, M.D., additional, Peterhans, E., additional, Pilstöm, L., additional, Plachy, J., additional, Press, C. McL., additional, Pu, R., additional, Ramamoorthy, C., additional, Ratcliffe, M.J.H., additional, Rautenschlein, S., additional, Reinacher, M., additional, Ritchey, J.W., additional, Robertsen, B., additional, Rodkey, L.S., additional, Rombout, J.H.W.M., additional, Roth, J., additional, Rothkötter, H.J., additional, Rozing, J., additional, Schat, K.A., additional, Seto, A., additional, Sharar, S., additional, Sharma, J.M., additional, Sinkora, J., additional, Sittisombut, N., additional, Soares, M., additional, Sopp, P., additional, Stokes, C.R., additional, Suter, M., additional, Tabel, H., additional, Tatner, M.F., additional, Tissot, R.G., additional, Tlaskalová-Hogenová, H., additional, Toivanen, P., additional, Tompkins, M.B., additional, Tompkins, W.A.F., additional, Torres-Nagel, N.E., additional, Tournefier, A., additional, Trebichavsky, I., additional, Tucker, E., additional, Urbain, J., additional, Vainio, O., additional, van den Berg, R.H., additional, van den Berg, T.K., additional, van den Broeke, A., additional, van der Meide, P., additional, Vandevelde, M., additional, van Rees, E.P., additional, Vögeli, P., additional, Wagner, J.L., additional, Wakenell, P.S., additional, Watson, D., additional, Weinstein, P.D., additional, Werner, E.R., additional, Westermann, J., additional, Whalen, B.J., additional, Willett, B.J., additional, Winkelstein, J.A., additional, Winn, R., additional, Yamamoto, J.K., additional, Young, A.J., additional, and Zurbriggen, A., additional

Published
1998
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27. Action sharpens sensory representations of expected outcomes

Author

Yon, D., Gilbert, S.J., Lange, F.P. de, Press, C., Yon, D., Gilbert, S.J., Lange, F.P. de, and Press, C.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 197118.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), When we produce actions we predict their likely consequences. Dominant models of action control suggest that these predictions are used to 'cancel' perceptual processing of expected outcomes. However, normative Bayesian models of sensory cognition developed outside of action propose that rather than being cancelled, expected sensory signals are represented with greater fidelity (sharpened). Here, we distinguished between these models in an fMRI experiment where participants executed hand actions (index vs little finger movement) while observing movements of an avatar hand. Consistent with the sharpening account, visual representations of hand movements (index vs little finger) could be read out more accurately when they were congruent with action and these decoding enhancements were accompanied by suppressed activity in voxels tuned away from, not towards, the expected stimulus. Therefore, inconsistent with dominant action control models, these data show that sensorimotor prediction sharpens expected sensory representations, facilitating veridical perception of action outcomes.

Published
2018

28. Angular decay coefficients of $J/\psi$ mesons at forward rapidity from $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=510$ GeV

Author

Adare, A., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Akimoto, R., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Aramaki, Y., Asano, H., Atomssa, E. T., Awes, T. C., Ayuso, C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bandara, N. S., Bannier, B., Barish, K. N., Bathe, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Beckman, S., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Black, D., Blau, D. S., Boer, M., Bok, J. S., Bownes, E. K., Boyle, K., Brooks, M. L., Bryslawskyj, J., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Butler, C., Campbell, S., CanoaRoman, C., Cervantes, R., Chen, C. -H., Chi, C. Y., Chiu, M., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Chujo, T., Citron, Z., Connors, M., Cronin, N., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., Danley, T. W., Datta, A., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Ding, L., Dion, A., Dixit, D., Do, J. H., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Dumancic, M., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., Dusing, J. P., Elder, T., Enokizono, A., En'yo, H., Esumi, S., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D. E., Finger, M., Finger, Jr., M., Fokin, S. L., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fukuda, Y., Gal, C., Gallus, P., Garg, P., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Goto, Y., Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gu, Y., Gunji, T., Guragain, H., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H. F., Han, S. Y., Hanks, J., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T. O. S., He, X., Hemmick, T. K., Hill, J. C., Hill, K., Hollis, R. S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Huang, S., Ikeda, Y., Imai, K., Imazu, Y., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ito, Y., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B. V., Jeon, S. J., Jezghani, M., Ji, Z, Jia, J., Jiang, X., Johnson, B. M., Joo, E., Joo, K. S., Jorjadze, V., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kang, J. H., Kang, J. S., Kapukchyan, D., Karthas, S., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Kempel, T., Key, J. A., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Kihara, K., Kim, C., Kim, D. H., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. -J., Kim, H. -J., Kim, M., Kim, Y. K., Kimball, M. L., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kofarago, M., Koster, J., Kotler, J. R., Kotov, D., Kudo, S., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Lacey, R., Lajoie, J. G., Lallow, E. O., Lebedev, A., Lee, K. B., Lee, S., Lee, S. H., Leitch, M. J., Leitgab, M., Leung, Y. H., Lewis, N. A., Li, X., Lim, S. H., Liu, L. D., Liu, M. X., Loggins, V-R, Loggins, V. -R., Lovasz, K., Lynch, D., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Malaev, M., Manion, A., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Meles, A., Mendez, A. R., Mendoza, M., Meredith, B., Miake, Y., Mignerey, A. C., Mihalik, D. E. M., Miller, A. J., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mitchell, J. T., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D. P., Morrow, S. I. M., Moukhanova, T. V., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagai, K., Nagamiya, S., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J. L., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakagomi, H., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Netrakanti, P. K., Nihashi, M., Niida, T., Nouicer, R., Novák, T., Novitzky, N., Novotny, R., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C. A., Koop, J. D. Orjuela, Osborn, J. D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G. J., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J. S., Park, S., Pate, S. F., Patel, L., Patel, M., Peng, J. -C., Peng, W., Perepelitsa, D. V., Perera, G. D. N., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C. E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pinson, R., Pisani, R. P., Press, C. J., Pun, A., Purschke, M. L., Rak, J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K. F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Riveli, N., Roach, D., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Rubin, J. G., Runchey, J., Safonov, A. S., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, K., Sato, S., Sawada, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B. K., Sedgwick, K., Seele, J., Seidl, R., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silva, J. A., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Snowball, M., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Stankus, P. W., Stepanov, M., Stien, H., Stoll, S. P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Syed, S., Sziklai, J., Takahara, A., Takeda, A, Taketani, A., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Torii, H., Towell, C. L., Towell, M., Towell, R., Towell, R. S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., van Hecke, H. W., Vargyas, M., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Vznuzdaev, E., Wang, X. R., Wang, Z., Watanabe, D., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y. S., Wei, F., Whitaker, S., Wolin, S., Wong, C. P., Woody, C. L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Xue, L., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yamamoto, H., Yanovich, A., Yoo, J. H., Yoon, I., Younus, I., Yu, H., Yushmanov, I. E., Zajc, W. A., Zelenski, A., Zou, L., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), PHENIX, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
510 GeV-cms, p p: scattering, quantum chromodynamics: nonrelativistic, helicity, High Energy Physics - Experiment, J/psi(3100): hadroproduction, quantum chromodynamics: model, muon: pair production, J/psi(3100): leptonic decay, J/psi(3100): transverse momentum, rapidity, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], decay: angular distribution, Nuclear Experiment, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, p p: colliding beams, experimental results
Abstract

We report the first measurement of the full angular distribution for inclusive $J/\psi\rightarrow\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ decays in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=510$ GeV. The measurements are made for $J/\psi$ transverse momentum $2, Comment: 390 authors, 11 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, 2013 data. v2 is version accepted for publication by Phys. Rev. D. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html

Published
2017

29. Measurement of the relative yields of $\psi(2S)$ to $\psi(1S)$ mesons produced at forward and backward rapidity in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV

Author

Adare, A., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Ayuso, C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bandara, N. S., Bannier, B., Barish, K. N., Bathe, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Beckman, S., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Blau, D. S., Boer, M., Bok, J. S., Bownes, E. K., Boyle, K., Brooks, M. L., Bryslawskyj, J., Bumazhnov, V., Butler, C., Campbell, S., CanoaRoman, C., Cervantes, R., Chen, C. -H., Chi, C. Y., Chiu, M., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Chujo, T., Citron, Z., Connors, M., Cronin, N., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., Danley, T. W., Datta, A., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Dion, A., Diss, P. B., Dixit, D., Do, J. H., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Dumancic, M., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., Dusing, J. P., Elder, T., Enokizono, A., En'Yo, H., Esumi, S., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D. E., Finger, M., Jr.,, Fokin, S. L., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fukuda, Y., Gal, C., Gallus, P., Garg, P., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Goto, Y., Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gunji, T., Guragain, H., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H. F., Han, S. Y., Hanks, J., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T. O. S., Hashimoto, K., He, X., Hemmick, T. K., Hill, J. C., Hill, K., Hollis, R. S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Huang, S., Imai, K., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ito, Y., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B. V., Jezghani, M., Ji, Z, Jia, J., Jiang, X., Johnson, B. M., Jorjadze, V., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kanda, S., Kang, J. H., Kapukchyan, D., Karthas, E., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Key, J. A., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Kim, C., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. -J., Kim, G. W., Kim, M., Kimball, M. L., Kimelman, B., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Kitamura, R., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Komkov, B., Kotler, J. R., Kotov, D., Kudo, S., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Lacey, R., Lajoie, J. G., Lallow, E. O., Lebedev, A., Lee, S., Lee, S. H., Leitch, M. J., Leung, Y. H., Lewis, N. A., Li, Xiaojian, Lim, S. H., Liu, L. D., Liu, M. X., Loggins, V-R, Loggins, V. -R., Lovasz, K., Lynch, D., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Malaev, M., Manion, A., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., Mccumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Meles, A., Mendez, A. R., Mendoza, M., Mignerey, A. C., Mihalik, D. E. M., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mitchell, J. T., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, A. K., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D. P., Morrow, S. I. M., Moukhanova, T. V., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagai, K., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J. L., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakagomi, H., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Netrakanti, P. K., Niida, T., Nishimura, S., Nouicer, R., Novák, T., Novitzky, N., Novotny, R., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C. A., Koop, J. D. Orjuela, Osborn, J. D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G. J., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J. S., Park, S., Pate, S. F., Patel, M., Peng, J. -C., Peng, W., Perepelitsa, D. V., Perera, G. D. N., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C. E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pinson, R., Pisani, R. P., Press, C. J., Pun, A., Purschke, M. L., Rak, J., Ramson, B. J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K. F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Rubin, J. G., Runchey, J., Safonov, A. S., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, K., Sato, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B. K., Sedgwick, K., Seidl, R., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silva, J. A., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Snowball, M., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Stankus, P. W., Stepanov, M., Stien, H., Stoll, S. P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Syed, SS, Sziklai, J., Takeda, A, Taketani, A., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Towell, C. L., Towell, R., Towell, R. S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., Van Hecke, H. W., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Wang, X. R., Wang, Z., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y. S., Wei, F., White, A. S., Wong, C. P., Woody, C. L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Xue, L., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yamamoto, H., Yanovich, A., Yoo, J. H., Yoon, I., Yu, H., Yushmanov, I. E., Zajc, W. A., Zelenski, A., Zhou, S., Zou, L., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and PHENIX

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The PHENIX Collaboration has measured the ratio of the yields of $\psi(2S)$ to $\psi(1S)$ mesons produced in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV over the forward and backward rapidity intervals $1.2, Comment: 364 authors, 10 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, 2014,15 data. v2 is version accepted by Phys. Rev. C. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html

Published
2017

30. Myenteric networks of interstitial cells of Cajal are reduced in horses with inflammatory bowel disease.

Author

Fintl, C., Lindberg, R., and McL. Press, C.

Abstract

Summary: Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a well‐recognised but poorly understood disease complex in the horse. Clinical signs may vary but often include weight loss, diarrhoea and colic. The effect this disease process may have on the gastrointestinal pacemaker cells (the interstitial cells of Cajal), enteric neurons and glial cells has not been previously evaluated in the horse. Objectives: To compare the density of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), enteric neurons and glial cells in horses with IBD to those of normal horses using immunohistochemical markers. Study design: Retrospective, quantitative immunohistochemical study. Methods: Ileal samples were collected during post‐mortem examinations from 14 horses with a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of IBD and from eight normal controls. All horses were Standardbreds 1–15 years of age. Six of the IBD cases had eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) while the remaining eight had granulomatous enteritis (GE). Tissue sections were labelled with anti‐CD117 (c‐Kit), anti‐TMEM16 (TMEM16), anti‐protein gene product (PGP9.5) and anti‐glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) using standard immunohistochemical labelling techniques. Image analysis was performed to quantify the presence of ICC (CD117, TMEM16) as well as neuronal (PGP9.5) and enteroglial (GFAP) networks. Results: Interstitial cells of Cajal networks were significantly reduced in the myenteric plexus (MP) region in IBD horses compared with the controls for both markers (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the density of the neuronal or glial cell markers between the two groups (P>0.05). Main limitations: The number of horses included in the study. Conclusions: Disruption to ICC networks may contribute to the clinical signs of colic in some horses with IBD. Further studies are needed to establish the pathophysiological mechanisms involved and the functional effects of the reduced ICC networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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32. Cover Image

Author

Mosberian-Tanha, P, primary, Landsverk, T, additional, Press, C M, additional, Mydland, L T, additional, Schrama, J W, additional, and Øverland, M, additional

Published
2018
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36. Task-dependent and distinct roles of the temporoparietal junction and inferior frontal cortex in the control of imitation.

Author

Hogeveen, J, Obhi, SS, Banissy, MJ, Santiesteban, I, Press, C, Catmur, C, Bird, G, Hogeveen, J, Obhi, SS, Banissy, MJ, Santiesteban, I, Press, C, Catmur, C, and Bird, G

Abstract

The control of neurological networks supporting social cognition is crucially important for social interaction. In particular, the control of imitation is directly linked to interaction quality, with impairments associated with disorders characterized by social difficulties. Previous work suggests inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) are involved in controlling imitation, but the functional roles of these areas remain unclear. Here, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was used to enhance cortical excitability at IFC and the TPJ prior to the completion of three tasks: (i) a naturalistic social interaction during which increased imitation is known to improve rapport, (ii) a choice reaction time task in which imitation needs to be inhibited for successful performance and (iii) a non-imitative control task. Relative to sham stimulation, stimulating IFC improved the context-dependent control of imitation-participants imitated more during the social interaction and less during the imitation inhibition task. In contrast, stimulating the TPJ reduced imitation in the inhibition task without affecting imitation during social interaction. Neither stimulation site affected the non-imitative control task. These data support a model in which IFC modulates imitation directly according to task demands, whereas TPJ controls task-appropriate shifts in attention toward representation of the self or the other, indirectly impacting upon imitation.

Published
2015

37. The nature and efficacy of culturally-adapted psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Degnan, A., Baker, S., Edge, D., Nottidge, W., Noke, M., Press, C. J., Husain, N., Rathod, S., and Drake, R. J.

Subjects
SCHIZOPHRENIA treatment, ADAPTABILITY (Personality), BENCHMARKING (Management), CONFIDENCE intervals, CULTURE, META-analysis, PSYCHOTHERAPY, SYSTEMATIC reviews, EFFECT sizes (Statistics), THEMATIC analysis, TREATMENT effectiveness, SEVERITY of illness index
Abstract

BackgroundEvidence-based psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia founded on Western belief systems and values may not be efficacious in different cultures without adaptation. This systematic review analyses the nature and outcomes of culturally-adapted psychosocial interventions in schizophrenia, examining how interventions have been adapted, their efficacy and what features drive heterogeneity in outcome.MethodArticles identified by searching electronic databases from inception to 3 March 2016, reference lists and previous reviews were independently screened by two authors for eligible controlled trials. Data on the nature of adaptations was analysed inductively using thematic analyses. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models to calculate effect sizes (Hedges’ g) for symptoms.ResultsForty-six studies with 7828 participants were included, seven adapted for minority populations. Cultural adaptations were grouped into nine themes: language, concepts and illness models, family, communication, content, cultural norms and practices, context and delivery, therapeutic alliance, and treatment goals. Meta-analyses showed significant post-treatment effects in favour of adapted interventions for total symptom severity (n = 2345, g: −0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.36 to −0.09), positive (n = 1152, g: −0.56, 95% CI −0.86 to −0.26), negative (n = 855, g: −0.39, 95% CI −0.63 to −0.15), and general (n = 525, g: −0.75, CI −1.21 to −0.29) symptoms.ConclusionsThe adaptation process can be described within a framework that serves as a benchmark for development or assessment of future adaptations. Culturally adapted interventions were more efficacious than usual treatment in proportion to the degree of adaptation. There is insufficient evidence to show that adapted interventions are better than non-adapted interventions. Features of context, intervention and design influenced efficacy. Investigating whether adaptation improves efficacy, most importantly amongst ethnic minorities, requires better designed trials with comparisons against unadapted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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38. Granulomatous enteritis in rainbow trout (<italic>Oncorhynchus mykiss</italic>) associated with soya bean meal regardless of water dissolved oxygen level.

Author

Mosberian‐tanha, P., Landsverk, T., Press, C. M., Mydland, L. T., Schrama, J. W., and Øverland, M.

Subjects
CROHN'S disease, RAINBOW trout, SOYBEAN meal as feed, OXYGEN content of seawater, FIBROBLASTS, DISEASE risk factors, DISEASES
Abstract

Abstract: This study investigated morphological changes associated with soya bean meal‐induced enteritis (SBMIE) in distal intestine (DI) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a soya bean meal (SBM)‐based diet and exposed to normoxia or hypoxia created by optimal and low water flow rates, respectively. A 28‐day adaption period was followed by a 42‐day challenge period where 600 fish were subjected to dietary challenge and/or hypoxia. Twelve tanks each containing 50 juvenile trout were assigned randomly in triplicate to each treatment. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation revealed pathological features that have not previously been described in association with SBMIE. Vacuolar degeneration of epithelial cells mainly at the base of mucosal folds, epithelial cysts, epithelial dysplasia, necrosis, shedding of necrotic cells, and granulomatous inflammation including infiltration of enlarged, sometimes finely vacuolated or “foamy” macrophages, multinucleated giant cells and increased proliferation of fibroblasts were observed. Acid‐fast bacteria were not detected in enlarged macrophages; however, these cells contained AB‐PAS‐ and sometimes cytokeratin‐positive material, which was interpreted to be of epithelial/goblet cell origin. Hypoxia did not affect the morphological changes in DI. These results suggest that SBM was associated with a granulomatous form of enteritis in DI of rainbow trout regardless of water oxygen level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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41. Schwangerschaften nach Organtransplantation*

Author

Ulmer Hu, Press C, Bitzan M, A. Kopp, Kremer B, Henne-Bruns D, H. Kraemer-Hansen, and E. Goepel

Subjects
Pregnancy, medicine.medical_specialty, Obstetrics, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Incidence (epidemiology), Birth weight, Obstetrics and Gynecology, medicine.disease, Organ transplantation, Surgery, Miscarriage, Prednisone, Maternity and Midwifery, medicine, Gestation, Caesarean section, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

In 17 of 74 patients, in the 20-40 years of age group, who had undergone an organ transplantation (kidney or liver), the course and outcome of pregnancy were evaluated. In three cases, the pregnancies ended in premature miscarriage and in five cases they were terminated for medical reasons. Nine infants were born alive between the 32nd to the 40th week of gestation, six of them spontaneously, three of them by abdominal Caesarean section. One of these infants born in the 32nd week of gestation with a birth weight of 800 grams died on the second day after birth. One infant born in the 33rd week of gestation showed incidence of a persistent ductus arteriosis Botalli. Four of the nine newborns suffered from intrauterine dystrophy. The birth weight of four further infants corresponded to the 10th to 25th percentile. Neither the incidence of a maternal varicella zoster infection in the early stages of pregnancy nor the reactivation of a herpes simplex (HSV) and cytomegalia virus infection during the pregnancy resulted in any perceptible damage to the infant or transplant. During pregnancy, three of the mothers were treated with immunosuppressants, either with a combination of azathioprine and prednisone (conventional) or cyclosporine (CSA) and prednisone, or with a combination of all three drugs (triple therapy). As opposed to the newborn of those mothers, who had been treated conventionally, the newborn of those treated with CSA showed post partum a tendency towards hypocalcaemia. Two of the mothers gave birth to their infants outside the Federal Republic of Germany.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1990

43. Repeated infections are associated with lower bacterial loads.

Author

Gupta, K., Bakshi, R. K., Van Der Pol, B., Daniel, G., Brown, L., Press, C. G., Gorwitz, R., Papp, J., Lee, J. Y., and Geisler, W. M.

Abstract

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections remain highly prevalent. CT reinfection occurs frequently within months after treatment, likely contributing to sustaining the high CT infection prevalence. Sparse studies have suggested CT reinfection is associated with a lower organism load, but it is unclear whether CT load at the time of treatment influences CT reinfection risk. In this study, women presenting for treatment of a positive CT screening test were enrolled, treated and returned for 3- and 6-month follow-up visits. CT organism loads were quantified at each visit. We evaluated for an association of CT bacterial load at initial infection with reinfection risk and investigated factors influencing the CT load at baseline and follow-up in those with CT reinfection. We found no association of initial CT load with reinfection risk. We found a significant decrease in the median log10 CT load from baseline to follow-up in those with reinfection (5.6 CT/ml vs. 4.5 CT/ml; P = 0.015). Upon stratification of reinfected subjects based upon presence or absence of a history of CT infections prior to their infection at the baseline visit, we found a significant decline in the CT load from baseline to follow-up (5.7 CT/ml vs. 4.3 CT/ml; P = 0.021) exclusively in patients with a history of CT infections prior to our study. Our findings suggest repeated CT infections may lead to possible development of partial immunity against CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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49. False-positive results in immunoglobulin M (IgM) toxoplasma antibody tests and importance of confirmatory testing: the Platelia Toxo IgM test

Author

Liesenfeld, O, Press, C, Montoya, J G, Gill, R, Isaac-Renton, J L, Hedman, K, and Remington, J S

Subjects
parasitic diseases, Research Article
Abstract

Although tests for detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) toxoplasma antibodies have been reported to have a high degree of accuracy, it is well recognized by investigators in the United States and Europe that false-positive results may occur with many of these tests, at times to an alarming degree. Unfortunately, this information is not well documented in the literature. Studies on various toxoplasma IgM test kits are frequently flawed. The investigators often use reference tests which have not previously been carefully evaluated as well as sera that were not appropriate to answer the question of how often false-positive results might occur. We recently had the unique opportunity to evaluate the accuracy of the Platelia Toxo IgM test in 575 serum samples obtained during an outbreak of toxoplasmosis which occurred in 1995 in the Capital Regional District of British Columbia, Canada. When compared with results obtained in a reference IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the Platelia Toxo IgM test had a sensitivity of 99.4%, specificity of 49.2%, positive predictive value of 51.9%, negative predictive value of 99.3%, and an overall agreement of 67.0%. In an attempt to resolve discrepancies between these two tests, a serological profile (Sabin-Feldman dye test, IgA and IgE antibody tests, differential agglutination [AC/HS] test, and IgG avidity method) was performed. Of 153 serum samples that were positive in the Platelia Toxo IgM test and negative in the IgM ELISA, 71 (46.4%) were negative in the Sabin-Feldman dye test. Of the serum samples that were positive in the dye test, 77 (93.9%) had a serological profile most compatible with an infection acquired in the distant past. These results reveal high numbers of false-positive results in the Platelia Toxo IgM test and highlight the importance of appropriate evaluation of commercial tests that are currently being marked. Our results also emphasize the importance of confirmatory testing to determine whether the results of an IgM antibody test reflect the likelihood of a recently acquired infection.

Published
1997

50. Differentiation of the follicle-associated epithelium in ileal Peyers patch and production of 50-nm particles are maintained in B-cell-depleted fetal sheep

Author

Lie, K-I, Press, C M, McCullagh, Peter, McClure, Susan J, Landsverk, T, Lie, K-I, Press, C M, McCullagh, Peter, McClure, Susan J, and Landsverk, T

Abstract

To evaluate the dependence of the differentiation of the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) on the presence of follicular B-cells, the FAE of ileal Peyer's patch follicles was examined in B-cell-depleted fetal lambs. The FAE of these rudimentary follicles, which are devoid of lymphocytes, showed normal differentiation, including carbonic anhydrase reactivity and ultrastructural characteristics of transcytosis, extensive interdigitation of the lateral plasma membrane and the shedding of membrane-bounded particles, approximately 50 nm in size, resembling exosomes. These 50-nm membrane-bounded particles were abundant in the extracellular space of the epithelium and the dome but no particles were found in the rudimentary follicles. This study confirms that the rudimentary follicles consist of clusters of follicular dendritic cells. Our findings suggest that the differentiation of FAE of ileal Peyer's patch and the production of the 50-nm particles constitute features that appear to be independent of B-cells.

Published
2005

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