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The original city hospitality experience (CHX) model outlined essential components of urban visitor experiences and the dynamics inherent in guest–host relationships. Its primary aim was to comprehend the essence of hospitality in destinations, striving to establish a harmonious equilibrium among diverse engaged stakeholders. A new model appears necessary to respond more effectively to societal developments, the escalating complexity of city hospitality within urban contexts, and the evolving academic discourse on customer experiences. Meta-theoretical research provided a conceptual basis for the new CHX model. Recognizing the multitude of perspectives and stakeholder interests, an initial iteration of the revised model was disseminated among scholars and practitioners, prompting valuable input and recommendations that helped to refine the model. The new CHX model encompasses further elements including relationships between stimuli and responses and evaluative outcomes, while acknowledging contextual and contingency factors. The new model adds to the urban tourism literature and supports practitioners to understand how city hospitality experiences arise and develop. From a societal perspective, the new model enables understanding, measuring and sustaining experiences of stakeholders. It aims to support destinations addressing major challenges, such as having hospitable, open and friendly images of places that offer safe, yet stimulating experiences, in a responsible manner, while recognizing the interests of visitors, residents and businesses. The model helps to explain the impact of developments in digitization, sustainability and overtourism through a multi-stakeholder experience lens. Furthermore, the new CHX model serves as a framework for designing and testing specific interventions that lead to a balanced experience while fostering positive community effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the basis arguments of so-called legal logic and their relation to logic in its standard meaning. There is no doubt that legal arguments belong to logic in the wide sense (sensu largo), but their reduction to schemes of formal logic (logica sensu stricto) is a controversial issue. It can be demonstrated that only some legal arguments fall under explicit rules of formal logic, that is, having a deductive character. Most such reasoning is fallible, and its correctness depends on appealing to extra-logical principles taken from legal norms. For instance, if we say, “If it is permitted more, then it is permitted less” (argumentum a maiori ad minus), we assume that the concepts expressed by the words “more” and “less” are already defined.

AbstractOne of the earliest forms of cultural and economic support for people worldwide, especially in Ethiopia, is indigenous knowledge-based handcrafting. This study uses exploratory, descriptive research design to understand the indigenous knowledge-based tub and griddle pan handcrafting industry in Dessie, Ethiopia. The required data was gathered through in-depth questionnaires and interviews with 97 business owners and employees, supplemented by first-hand field observation and secondary data from offices. Data from different sources was analyzed using descriptive statistical factors such as percentages and frequencies. Content analysis was also used to examine non-numeric qualitative information. The study revealed that artisans produced various goods for indoor and outdoor functions, mainly unique artisan products such as the tub and griddle pan. Artisans can support themselves using manual tools, equipment, and long-established traditional knowledge and skills. Most artisans had learned their skills through apprenticeships or hands-on training. The manufacturing compound was covered in discarded garbage and scrap. Artisans were at risk of injury because they worked without the proper safety gear. Other production barriers included a lack of appropriate production utilities and facilities, including credit, raw materials, markets, and information for product distribution. Therefore, it is vital to find ways to support the Tub and Griddle Pan handcrafting business, by figuring out how to get better production tools and equipment, access to credit, raw materials, market outlets, and training and skill development through the practical application of the policies and strategies set forth by the government.

Copyright of Space & Form / Przestrzeń i FORMA is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department of Architecture & Urban Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk Law Review / Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Selcuk Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We propose a revised definition of "argument scheme" that focuses on describing argumentative performances and normative assessments that occur within an argumentative context, the social context in which the scheme arises. Our premise-and-conclusion structure identifies the typical instantiation of an argument in the argumentative context, and our critical framework describes a set of normative assessments available to participants in the context, what we call practically normative assessments. We distinguish this practical normativity from the rationally or universally normative assessment that might be imposed from outside the argumentative context. Thus, the practical norms represented in an argument scheme may still be subject to rational critique, and the scheme avoids the is/ought fallacy. We ground our theoretical discussion and observations in an empirical study of US district court opinions resolving legal questions about copyright fair use and the lawyers' briefs that led to them, instantiating our definition of argument scheme in the "argument for classification by precedent." Our definition addresses some criticisms the argument-scheme construct has received. For example, using our data, we show that a minimally well formed instance of this type of argument does not shift any conventional burden from the proponent of the argument to its skeptics. We also argue that these argument schemes need not be seen as dialogical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commented decision of the Supreme Administrative Court concerns a substantial theoreticaland practical issues, that is the stay of execution of a contested environmental approvaldecision ordered by the voivodship administrative courts. The environmental approvaldecisions are governed by the provisions of Art. 86f of the Act of 8 October 2008 on the1 Prof. dr hab., Zakład Prawa Ochrony Środowiska, Katedra Prawa Administracyjnego i Nauki Administracji, WydziałPrawa i Administracji Uniwersytet Łódzki, ORCID: 0000-0003-2138-8609.10 PIOTR KORZENIOWSKIdisclosure of environmental information, environmental protection and public participationin such protection and on the assessment of impact on the environment (consolidated text:Journal of Laws of 2022, item 1029, as amended, hereinafter referred to as ‘u.u.i.ś’). The questionrequires a broader view of the problem of providing effective right of access to courts asfar as environmental protection issues are concerned. The finding in question is not the firstone of its kind; the Supreme Administrative Court has already expressed its opinion on stay ofexecution of disputed environmental approval decision ordered by court of justice in severalpreviously issued rulings, in accordance with Art. 61 3 p.p.s.a. in conjunction with Art. 86fsection 1 u.u.i.ś.

The article focuses on elucidating the distinctive aspects of designing the environment within educational institutions. It identifies the typical characteristics of design found in domestic higher education institutions, encompassing architectural solutions and functional concepts, as well as principles governing the division of educational spaces and zones. The article also examines the influence of classroom design on academic performance effectiveness. Notable illustrations of contemporary design within the educational environment of Ukrainian higher education institutions are presented. Additionally, the article explores design and architectural solutions employed in educational institutions abroad. Furthermore, the article puts forth original approaches toward shaping a modern design framework for educational institutions' environments. This research aims to uncover the specific characteristics associated with the design of educational institution environments. The object of investigation is the educational institution itself, viewed as a subject for design and architectural solutions. Research methods. The research employed various methods including description, analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, and modeling. The article delves into the distinct features associated with the design of educational institution environments. It identifies the defining characteristics of design within Ukrainian higher education institutions, explores the rationale behind such design approaches, and examines the evolution of design in the modern era. The study establishes the key aspects related to the design of specific educational spaces such as study rooms, lecture halls, specialized discipline offices, and computer rooms within Ukrainian higher education institutions (hereinafter HEIs). Additionally, recreational areas are characterized as a unique type of educational space, providing students with an opportunity to rest during breaks and prepare for upcoming classes. The study presents an analysis of the merits and drawbacks of the design of educational environments in contemporary domestic higher education institutions. It discerns the distinctive attributes within each category and assesses their influence on students' academic performance. Moreover, the study emphasizes the emerging trends that should be pursued in the development of modern HEIs design. The article uncovers the distinctive characteristics of designing educational institutions both in Ukraine and abroad. It emphasizes the particulars of designing lecture halls, study rooms, specialized rooms, and laboratories. Building upon the obtained results, this research develops approaches and principles for shaping the design of educational institution environments in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Law & Economics / Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The importance of food attributes and motivational factors in the purchasing decision represents a particularly significant aspect in the current context. This theme reflects the growing interest in locally sourced food products and their influence on consumer preferences and choices. Studying these aspects is becoming increasingly important to better understand consumer buying behaviour and to develop effective marketing and promotion strategies for local products. The purpose of this research is to explore the significance of various food attributes and motivational factors that influence the purchasing decisions of Romanian consumers regarding local food products. By examining the key factors that drive consumers to choose locally sourced products, we can gather valuable information about their preferences, attitudes, and behaviours. Through comprehensive research in these areas, we can gain a better understanding of the dynamics of the local food market in Romania. This knowledge can be invaluable for food producers, marketers, decision-makers, and consumers alike. It can contribute to supporting the growth of the local food sector, promoting sustainable and healthy eating habits, and contributing to the overall well-being of consumers and the Romanian agricultural industry. Culture, through traditions, consumption habits, values, and norms, significantly influences purchasing and food consumption behaviour. A nation's culture refers to behavioural patterns, economic and social ideas and activities of individuals and remains stable in the short and medium term while changing slowly in the long term. Cultural changes from one generation to another are almost imperceptible. Consumption habits are influenced by a nation's cultural norms, which are passed down vertically from one generation to the next. Thus, we can appreciate that consumption habits change very slowly over time. Beyond the strong traditional nature of buying and food consumption behaviour, the influence of culture in shaping this behaviour varies in intensity depending on the age and even the living environment of individuals. In the era where "globalization of food" has become a fundamental component of the overall globalization process, a new concept, "locavorism," seeks to mitigate the wave of importing food from distant lands and countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposal to be pursued in the investigation seeks to explain the relation that can be implemented between the curricular proposal and the biblical cosmovision in the context of Christian Education. In this sense, the aim is to discuss the instrumentalization of assumptions in the process of curricular construction and the way in which they can be applied to the process of human formation. For this purpose to be achieved the research follows a qualitative approach of the bibliographic and descriptive type. The intention is to present arguments that deal with the assumptions of the Christian cosmovision to be applied in human formation, through the teaching and learning process to be implemented in the curricular proposal of the educational institution, whether formal or informal. The guiding question, in terms of argumentation, investigates how the assumptions of the biblical Christian cosmovision can be applied to the curriculum and how they will be materialized in the context of teaching and learning. It is considered that the curricular proposal projects the identity of the intended training, which is why the need to work with the assumptions of the biblical cosmovision in its composition is defended, because they are essential in the identity constitution of its target audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We live in a world characterized by the desire for economic growth and improved living standards, by often irrational government measures, by the struggle for the re-distribution of the spheres of influence and, last but not least, by the increasing frequency and impact of economic crises. The globalization of economy has inevitably led to the globalization of crises, a phenomenon that is generating both interest and concern. The aim of this paper has been to highlight the complex issues faced by mankind, issues which create the premises for the worsening of the crises in the medium- and long-term.

The aim of the article is to present the main characteristics of things in the Polish civil law, with a particular emphasis on real property. According to the Polish Civil Code, real property includes land, buildings or parts of buildings. A thing, including a real property, is a normative concept, limited under the Polish law to self-contained material objects. The material nature of the land may raise doubts due to the fact that it is a “part of the earth's surface” (Article 46 § 1 of the Civil Code). The land thus understood is only “materialized” by objects located on or below the surface. However, the scope of acts related to the exercise of the ownership title is determined by the framework of the permissible use of space, i.e., the socio-economic purpose of land (Article 143 of the Civil Code). Then again, a building or its part may constitute a real property separate from the land in the cases specified in special regulations. These regulations distinguish not only between buildings and premises, but also between parts of buildings that are non-separated premises or a common property related to the perpetual usufruct of land in a building in which residential apartments have been singled out as distinct separate properties.

In PHP Galen presents four kinds of premises: scientific; dialectical; rhetorical; and sophistical. According to Galen, the rhetorical premises are classified as based on external witnesses, opinions and are only persuasive (πιθανόν). In PHP II 5.20 Chrysippus uses pithanon to defend the truth that the heart is the seat of thought. Galen criticizes Chrysippus and his followers for using the rhetorical premises to support the doctrine that the heart is the commanding centre of the soul (ἡγεμονικόν). This research addresses the occurrences of pithanon in PHP and how Galen argues against Chrysippus defending the thesis that pithanon cannot produce knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There exist some concepts such as workaholism, career satisfaction, work-life balance, work commitment and financial needs, which cause workers to put in more effort at the workplace and subsequently, an increase in their working hours. The main reason why these concepts are called premises is related to the fact that they are defined as factors leading heavy work investment (HWI) in the literature. Overworking has been a concept which could be measured only through time during work until recently, however, it is currently regarded as a concept which covers much more than heavy work as a result of HWI. The present study contributes to the literature by determining the interaction of HWI with its premises. In order to determine whether HWI is formed with effort or via time dimensions and which premises have been effective in its formation, 372 people working in Kars were surveyed on HWI and its premises. The data collected were analysed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). Due to the limited number of studies on HWI in the literature, the effect of premises on HWI was investigated by developing more than one model. In fact, HWI-Time Commitment (TC) had a negative mediation effect between career satisfaction and premises while HWI-Work Intensity (WI) did not have any effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the complex determination by the express method of the volumetric activity of 222Rn in the premises' air of Rivne city are given. The geometric mean value of the volumetric activity of 222Rn in the studied premises (600 basements, semi-basements, and first floors of residential buildings) of Rivne is 200 Bq/m3, the geometric standard deviation is 0.8. Namely, we determined the average geometric value of the volumetric activity 365 Bq/m3 in 185 basements, 161 Bq/m3 in 215 semi-basements, and 127 Bq/m3 in the living quarters of the first floors. We made a comparative analysis of experimentally obtained values of radon flux density from the soil of the city (the city was divided into 48 subdistricts) with statistics on mortality from lung cancer; mortality in these subdistricts was recorded for a certain period of time.

The article considers the analysis of construction of spatial (floor) property, which assumes the existence of real property rights to individual premises in buildings in relation to such rights with the right to the building as a whole.

Copyright of Law / Teise is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We live in a world characterized by the desire for economic growth and improved living standards, by often irrational government measures, by the struggle for the re-distribution of the spheres of influence and, last but not least, by the increasing frequency and impact of economic crises. The globalization of economy has inevitably led to the globalization of crises, a phenomenon that is generating both interest and concern. The aim of this paper has been to highlight the complex issues faced by mankind, issues which create the premises for the worsening of the crises in the medium- and long-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Projects are responses to identified problems. So a thorough analysis to detect the problem is extremely important in project management. There are countless types of projects depending on their purpose, content among other issues. Among these, those related to content and social development stand out due to the current context. In the development of this research, the characteristics of a project in a general sense are detailed and it is specified in those related to social programs, taking into account the current situation in the world, mainly influenced by the economic crisis and the Covid 19 pandemic. The foundations for the design and development of a procedure for the evaluation of social projects will be established. A series of principles and premises related to these will be analyzed using the AHP and TOPSIS multicriteria methods in their neutrosophic version. The result is a decision support tool for all the people involved in the process.

The author discusses the impact of a preventive measure in the form of an order to temporarily vacate premises occupied together with an aggrieved party, imposed upon a person charged with a violent offence committed to the detriment of the cohabiting person, on the exercise of civil-law rights to the premises by the said accused, in particular when the accused is the owner of the premises. The individual rights jointly constituting the property ownership right are analysed in the context of a preventive measure referred to in Article 275a of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The meaning of the notion of “premises” as used in the procedural law in relation to the preventive measure and its relation with the civil law is examined as well. The article also features a summary and conclusions.

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In modern Russia, there is often a situation where people are registered in an apartment who once refused to privatize it in favor of another person or who did not participate in such privatization for some other reason, despite the existence of such a right. The apartment, built before the 90s of the previous century, at first belonged to state or municipal property, and then transferred free of charge to the property of the persons living in it in privatization order. In this article, the Author talks about the problems associated with the lack of legal consolidation of this right. The position of the courts of various instances regarding the legal status of these persons, as well as the grounds for recognizing them as having lost the right to use the disputed apartment, is examined. Options for improving legislation to address this issue are proposed.

A substantial body of scholarship highlights the role of core values as elements of liberalism–conservatism. However, researchers have yet to fully appreciate the contribution of premises, or abstract descriptive beliefs. This disjuncture has occurred despite the fact that for centuries, philosophers have used premises about human nature and society to ground their religious, political and economic theories. In the observational and experimental studies described in this article, the authors examine the extent to which such premise disputes stand independently from value conflicts as ideological ingredients. The findings suggest that premises are distinct and meaningful elements of political cognition, analogous in importance to several well-worn values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the complex determination by the express method of the volumetric activity of 222Rn in the premises’ air of Rivne city are given. The geometric mean value of the volumetric activity of 222Rn in the studied premises (600 basements, semi-basements, and first floors of residential buildings) of Rivne is 200 Bq/m³, the geometric standard deviation is 0.8. Namely, we determined the average geometric value of the volumetric activity 365 Bq/m³ in 185 basements, 161 Bq/m³ in 215 semi-basements, and 127 Bq/m³ in the living quarters of the first floors. We made a comparative analysis of experimentally obtained values of radon flux density from the soil of the city (the city was divided into 48 subdistricts) with statistics on mortality from lung cancer; mortality in these subdistricts was recorded for a certain period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An inaccurate definition of the term generates the polysemantic interpretation and, as a result, falsification (incorrect choice) of fire prevention measures. The authors of the article analyzed several of the most frequently used terms applied in regulatory legal acts and normative documents. The authors concluded that the definitions of many terms need to be adjusted. The authors also formulated proposals for changing the definitions of certain terms and particular paragraphs of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements as well as Codes of Rules.

2004 is a turning point in the linguistic policy elaborated and thereafter implemented in northern Basque Country, particularly because of the transformation of the Direction for the Public Works into the Public Office for the Basque. That change gives an account of the willingness of public authorities to go back to a classic scheme in the local governance with on the one hand public administrations and on the other hand associative actors gathered at the Advisory Board, and their wish to carry out a more ambitious public policy for the revitalization of Basque. This new entity, which acts as a public interest group, is equipped with a twofold function: to design, define and initiate a linguistic policy for the Basque; and to mobilize the necessary financial resources for its implementation. The elaboration of a policy for the linguistic revitalization was commissioned by its member institutions to the Public Office for the Basque. This effort results, in December 2006, in the drafting of a Project for a Linguistic policy that sets out the main guidelines and objectives to be achieved in the short and medium term together with the strategy to follow and an operative program to be applied in order to attain them; without neglecting some monitoring indicators in order to facilitate assessment. This policy has undergone a double interdepartmental assessment which concludes among others the increasing of the intervention ability by the Public Office for the Basque, an enhanced cooperation with the Basque Government, significant advances in the transmission of Basque by means of education, an improvement in euskera resources, but also an Advisory Board which has not found its rightful place yet.

Projects are responses to identified problems. So a thorough analysis to detect the problem is extremely important in project management. There are countless types of projects depending on their purpose, content among other issues. Among these, those related to content and social development stand out due to the current context. In the development of this research, the characteristics of a project in a general sense are detailed and it is specified in those related to social programs, taking into account the current situation in the world, mainly influenced by the economic crisis and the Covid 19 pandemic. The foundations for the design and development of a procedure for the evaluation of social projects will be established. A series of principles and premises related to these will be analyzed using the AHP and TOPSIS multicriteria methods in their neutrosophic version. The result is a decision support tool for all the people involved in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przeglad Sejmowy is the property of Kancelaria Sejmu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In production and in everyday life, various heating systems are used. Alternative heating methods have also been used in recent years. One of the sources for the heating system is the Sun. The use of solar energy is of great importance for objects cut off from centralized heat and power supply systems: small villages and auls, farm formations, distant pasture breeding, mobile houses. Heating from the sun, created on the basis of solar panels, is carried out by installing an electric heater. Currently, more and more attention of consumers is drawn to the electrically conductive carbon-based fuel material (carbon). The aim of the study was to study the use of an alternative energy source in the form of solar radiation and carbon thermal flexible material as a heater for heating mobile living quarters of farmers. To carry out the research, a solar station and a heater with a carbon fiber heat-emitting flexible material were installed on the farmer's mobile house. Studies have shown that the proposed system is efficient and in comparison with other systems, such as solar collectors, the system has a number of advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern Russia, there is often a situation where people are registered in an apartment who once refused to privatize it in favor of another person or who did not participate in such privatization for some other reason, despite the existence of such a right. The apartment, built before the 90s of the previous century, at first belonged to state or municipal property, and then transferred free of charge to the property of the persons living in it in privatization order. In this article, the Author talks about the problems associated with the lack of legal consolidation of this right. The position of the courts of various instances regarding the legal status of these persons, as well as the grounds for recognizing them as having lost the right to use the disputed apartment, is examined. Options for improving legislation to address this issue are proposed.

The article considers the analysis of construction of spacial (floor) property, which assumes the existence of real property rights to individual premises in buildings in relation to such rights with the right to the building as a whole. The article aims determination the optimal model of spacial property for the civil law of Ukraine, which is essential given the social importance of this issue with insufficient development in the national civil doctrine. The author observes the socio-economic preconditions for the formation of the structure of spacial property, highlights the models of this structure in the countries of the Romano-Germanic legal family. In the specified general context the history of origin and development of floor property in a national legal order is traced, and also the current condition of the legislation on the considered question is analyzed. The author concludes that it is necessary to reform significantly the institution of spacial property in the civil law of Ukraine. The initial idea should be the introduction of the possibility of three alternative models of spacial property organization: the Roman model adopted in national law (with its simultaneous improvement), the cooperative model, the South German model of joint ownership of the whole house. At the same time, the owners of apartments and non-residential premises in an apartment building should be given the opportunity to choose the model of organization of property relations that they want to implement for themselves. However, there should be only one such model in one building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapists are regularly exposed to verbal memories in the clinical setting, but the automatic behavior of patients can provide an additional window into the past. Template theory uses the concept of a relational template to aid us in tracking back from observable behavior in the consultation room, to developmental events that, through repetition, have encoded those behaviors the patient now automatically exhibits, sometimes out of awareness. A relational template is comprised of three elements: 1) observable automatic behavior, 2) automatic expectancies of others, and 3) relational premises, or beliefs. Any of the multiple relational templates residing in both patient and therapist can be activated in treatment; synchronous pairings blend, while discordant templates create conflict, which may manifest in the therapist's affect. A clinical tale of two disparate experiences involving the topic of "farming" is recounted to demonstrate how an awareness of discordant templates between therapist and patient can expand the understanding of a patient's history. Exploration of differences in behavior and worldview in the analytic pair led to increased understanding of past histories of shame, which helped to resolve a therapeutic impasse. Therapists who understand the origins of their own attitudes, can intuit a different developmental history that gave rise to contrasting beliefs and behaviors in their patients. In this way, observation of automatic non-verbal behavior can be used to deepen our understanding of the patient's developmental history, facilitating insight and the therapeutic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cogency: Journal of Reasoning & Argumentation is the property of Cogency Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This material is the result of collaboration readiness of the most representative factors of Romanian Handball Federation and clubs, national team coaches and club teams of seniors, juniors, children, and players with great experience. In total, 165 people were interviewed or responded to questionnaires applied differently for each category during the three years (2008, 2009 and 2010).