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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nighttime affects pilot visual scan patterns and increase the risks of helicopter operations, contributing to many helicopter accidents and incidents. Several past studies have attempted to examine the effect of nighttime on helicopter pilot gaze behavior, but researchers had limited success due to the difficulty of collecting representative data under real flight conditions. The present study attempted to address this challenge by conducting a real flight study involving daytime and nighttime traffic pattern tasks and using a Tobii Glasses 3 eye-tracking device to collect helicopter pilot eye-tracking data. This study preliminarily explored the feasibility of data collection in real flight conditions in the context of eye-tracking research on civil helicopter pilots in China. Due to safety considerations, only one pilot was recruited to collect data in multiple tasks. Differences and correlations were examined for all gaze behavior metrics. The results suggested that pilot gaze behavior metrics and their correlations differed between daytime and nighttime flights in aspects critical to aviation safety. Pilot gaze behavior also varied with the flight phase. The findings from this study serve as a reference for optimizing helicopter pilot training systems, improving pilot performance during nighttime flights, and ensuring flight safety on helicopters.

Halal tourism is one form of tourism development and promotion that is anticipated to boost local economic growth and state revenue. Halal tourism aims to instill trust in Muslim visitors so that they are not hesitant to visit tourist destinations like Lake Toba where the majority of the population is non-Muslim and is one of the most popular tourist destinations. This is done to convince the tourists that these destinations welcome Muslim visitors even if Lake Toba’s population is primarily comprised of non-Muslims. The government must enact rules if halal tourism is to be practiced properly and lawfully. This study used normative and empirical research methods. Examining the rules and laws governing halal goods and tourism is done as normative research. Following surveys and interviews with villagers and business owners in the Lake Toba region, empirical research was conducted. The findings demonstrate that halal tourism is a concept that ensures the provision of the services and infrastructure required by Muslim travelers during their journey, including halal food, prayer spaces, and so forth. However, halal tourism currently has legal loopholes. Halal tourism in Lake Toba thus has advantages and disadvantages. In reality, local residents and business owners in the Lake Toba region are sympathetic to the notion, as long as it does not obliterate traditions and local culture, and does not act as a campaign to Islamize them. As a tourism marketing tactic, Indonesia can model its halal tourism policies after those of Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Evidence from animal studies suggests that minocycline may reduce lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) recurrence in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, possibly by inhibiting perivascular extracellular matrix degradation in cerebral small vessels. There is currently no evidence of its safety or efficacy in humans with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Methods and Results To provide preliminary data to support future studies of minocycline's efficacy, the authors performed a retrospective single‐center cohort study to assess the incidence of recurrent ICH in patients with an aggressive clinical course of probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy who had been prescribed minocycline off‐label via shared decision‐making. Crude incidence rate ratios were calculated to compare incidence rates before versus after treatment. Sixteen patients (mean age at minocycline initiation, 66.3±3.5 years; women 62.5%; median of 3 lobar ICHs [range, 1–6]) were initiated on minocycline and followed for a median of 12.4 months (range, 1.8–61.4 months). Adverse events were reported in 4 of 16 patients (gastroenteric, n=3; dizziness, n=1) and were considered mild. ICH incidence sharply increased the year before minocycline initiation compared with the preceding years (2.18 [95% CI, 1.50–3.07] versus 0.40 [95% CI, 0.25–0.60] events per patient‐year) and fell to 0.46 (95% CI, 0.23–0.83) events per patient‐year afterwards. Incidence rate ratios of recurrent ICH after minocycline was lower (0.21 [95% CI, 0.11–0.42], P

Qualitative interviews provide invaluable insights into human experiences, but they can be challenging, especially for novice researchers. Therefore, conducting a preliminary study becomes crucial to refine interview techniques and improve the overall research process. The present study focuses on the importance of a preliminary study in understanding indigenous chicken micro-farming and aims to gain insights into the interview process and associated issues before conducting a full-scale study. This study represents the first attempt, to the best of our knowledge, to pilot interviews before conducting a comprehensive investigation in the context of indigenous chicken micro-farming. It highlights the methods employed in designing and conducting the preliminary study, as well as the valuable lessons learned throughout the process. The interviews were conducted with indigenous chicken micro-farmers as part of the preparation for a dissertation centered on developing an integrated supply chain model for indigenous chicken in Malaysia. Additionally, this study outlines the modifications made based on the preliminary study for the main study, which subsequently led to the implementation of a pilot study. These adaptations include changes to the interview guide, adjustments in vocabulary to enhance participant understanding, rephrasing of certain questions, and the addition of more interview questions to gain a comprehensive understanding of the issues related to indigenous chicken operations. This study underscores the significance of a preliminary study and its role in informing and shaping the subsequent main study. The findings and insights derived from this preliminary investigation contribute to the development of a robust research design for the main study in indigenous chicken micro-farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise endoscopic skills are critical for endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) to ensure patient safety, as well as to succeed as a surgeon. Among these skills, basic skills such as hand-eye coordination and bimanual dexterity are the most important skills for novice surgeons. However, there is no proficiency-based training for the basic skills in EES. In this study, we aimed to develop a proficiency-based training curriculum for beginners in EES using tractable tasks and to assess the curriculum's validity and educational benefits. Training tasks for basic surgical skills of EES were created by experts, using a low-cost and simple simulator. Subsequently, a proficiency-based training curriculum was developed through a preliminary study. The face and content validity of the curriculum was evaluated by expert surgeons. The construct validity was confirmed by comparing the scores of the medical students with those of the experts. In addition, the educational benefits of the curriculum were assessed by comparing the scores of the medical students before and after the implementation of the curriculum. A proficiency-based training curriculum using six tractable tasks was developed in the preliminary study. Replication of real surgical situation, camera navigation, and instrument operability under endoscopy were all highly appreciated (4.6, 4.6, and 4.8 out of 5 points, respectively), which indicates face validity. The content validity of the curriculum was demonstrated by the results of the questionnaire (4.4 out of 5 points). The curriculum was implemented by 12 medical students. The initial student scores were significantly lower than the expert scores (mean score: 61.9 vs. 100.0, p < 0.001), and each coefficient of variation of the student scores was higher than that of the expert scores (p < 0.01), supporting the construct validity of the curriculum. The mean student composite scores were statistically improved after the training (61.9 vs. 93.3, p < 0.0001). In addition, improvement of five other medical students' EES skills through this training curriculum was confirmed in cadaver dissection (1.7 vs. 3.7, p < 0.0001). The validity of the proficiency-based training curriculum developed through the preliminary study was established based on the questionnaire of experts and the difference between student and expert scores. In addition, the educational benefits were demonstrated by the students' learning curves. The low-cost and simple simulator seems appropriate as an entry model for beginners in EES, and this curriculum can provide rapid intervention and objective assessment of basic skills in EES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mushrooms are an edible source of plant-based protein with distinctive flavors and can be developed into the dried seasoning. The research method consists of mushroom drying and powdering, product formulation, sensory analysis, and nutritional profile determination. Research was conducted using two factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The acceptance test result showed that formula 1 accounted for the highest acceptance score, containing 70% mushroom powder and 30% spice condiment. Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) analysis was conducted to obtain the key drivers liking of the product compared with market product (Brand T and Brand W). In this research, some sensory attributes such as umami, salty, garlic, mushroom scent and sweet spicy attributes drive the preference which could be used as potential directions for product improvement. The final product contained 15 kinds of amino acids mainly L-Glutamic acid and L-Aspartic acid suspected to help build the overall product flavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a pilot study using the Polish version of the Stuttering Perception Scale. The phenomenon of stigmatisation which is present in stuttering has a negative impact on the quality of life of those who stutter. The purpose of the study outlined below was to identify the opinions of those whoare known as 'double experts' on the phenomenon of stigmatisation and self-stigmatisation in stuttering, as well as on the correctness of the Polish adaptation ofthe scale and its potential applicability in the therapy of adults suffering from stuttering. This qualitative study involved 7 participants: speech therapists, psychologists, and/or leaders of the self-help movement for people who stutter, who have personal experience of stuttering. The research problem took the form of the question: How do respondents assess the reliability of the translation of the scale and its usefulness in the process of Speech Therapy intervention? The article cites selected opinions of the respondents and indicates the practical implications of the study.

Objective: To examine the prediction of severity of illness, health promoting behaviors, cardiac self-efficacy, and acceptance of illness on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among Thai people with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Thailand. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. A quota sampling was used to recruit 110 people with CHD, who met the inclusion criteria, from 20 selected hospitals across Thailand. Five self-reporting questionnaires were used: a demographic data questionnaire, Thai version of MacNew HRQOL, Thai version of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II, Thai version of Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale Questionnaire, and the Thai version of Acceptance of Illness Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a point-biserial correlation or a bivariate Pearson’s correlation and multiple stepwise regression analyses. Results: One hundred and ten people were included. Most of the participants were men (64.5%) with an average age of 62.07±9.98 years. Most of them (76.4%) were best categorized as class I under the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) classification system. The findings showed that 46 percent of the variance (adjusted R2 =0.46) for HRQOL was explained by being CCS class I (β=0.22, p-value

This research deals with a preliminary study for hearing and obedience in the Islam. This research aims to explain the concept hearing and obedience and report the importance of hearing and obedience and types of hearing and obedience. Then discover the effects of hearing and obedience both individually and collectively. And summarizes that the word of hearing in the Quran is still followed to obedience. Hearing and obedience to Allah r and the Messenger of Allāh r is absolute. As for hearing and obedience to guardians, parents, the husband and others, they are restricted to what was known in the Sharia, that is, if they agree to the truth and what they violate, meaning as long as they are not commanded to disobey Allāh, because there is no obedience to a created being in disobedience to the Creator. He who is characterized by this quality has fully enjoyed this life and the hereafter.

purpose of this study was to summarize and analyze the clinical experience of using Enterprise 2 (EP2) stent-assisted embolization in the treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms. Methods: From January 2019 to December 2020, the clinical and imaging data of 98 patients with paraclinoid aneurysms treated with EP2 stent-assisted embolization were enrolled retrospectively. Preliminary experience and follow-up outcomes of EP2 stent-assisted embolization of paraclinoid aneurysms were assessed by using the Raymond grade and modified Rankin Scale. Results: Of the 98 aneurysms, all stents were released satisfactorily. The immediate postprocedural angiography revealed a complete occlusion of the aneurysms with 77.55% of the (76/98) patients, and the last follow-up angiograms showed complete occlusion with 83.67% of the (82/98) patients. The average aneurysm size was (4.11 ± 1.25) mm, the aneurysm diameter was (4.41 ± 1.37) mm, the vessel radius was (3.87 ± 0.32) mm, the diameter at the distal of stent was (3.23 ± 0.21) mm, and the proximal was (4.18 ± 0.23) mm. Among the 98 aneurysms, 13 cases had incomplete stent apposition, 3 cases had intraoperative knotting, and the stents were improved post adjusted; 2 cases had vasospasm and 1 case had stenosis during operation, the symptoms were improved after symptomatic treatment. The result demonstrated that stent length and inner bending radius of parent artery were the pivotal factors affecting incomplete stent apposition (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The EP2 stent for the treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms is safe and effective, however, the length of the stent and the inner bending radius of parent artery are important factors affecting incomplete stent apposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is a preliminary study on a small and limited scale that aims to identify local potentials in the Lampung area as a source of learning biology with conformity to the Basic Competencies in the 2013 Curriculum. This study used a qualitative method with a survey technique through an exploratory descriptive approach. Participants in this study were all biology teachers from 17 public high schools in Bandar Lampung totaling 30 teachers (5 males and 25 females). The selection of participation was done through purposive sampling technique using certain criteria. The results of the study show 18 local potentials of Lampung consisting of 6 natural resource potentials, 4 conservation areas, 4 culinary delights, 2 arts, 1 handicraft and 1 traditional ceremony. The grouping of local potentials can be related to the subject of biology at the high school level. Local potential can be categorized as use in the field of education, namely natural resources and conservation areas. It can alsobe used as practicum activities with the help of LKPD media. Furthermore,local culinary potential can be used as practicum activities on learning devices (RPP), local potentials for arts, crafts. moreover, traditional ceremonies can be used as an additional reference for enrichment programs on learning devices (RPP).

Aims: This study aimed to (1) examine the feasibility of an online interactive exercise class for community-dwelling older adults and (2) preliminarily examine changes in physical activity and self-efficacy. Methods: Participants were 25 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older, but due to 5 dropouts, the final number of participants for analysis was 20 (mean age 76.9 ± 5.7 years). The intervention program was conducted for 40 minutes each session, twice a week for four consecutive weeks, using the LINE group call (LINE Corporation, Japan). An online questionnaire was used to assess participant characteristics, modified Fall Efficacy Scale score, modified Gait Efficacy Scale (m-GES) score, self-rated health, and daily steps, which were compared pre- and post-intervention using the Wilcoxon signed-rank sum and chi-square tests. Results: The Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test showed significant improvement in the m-GES score and daily steps. The chi-square test showed that self-rated health was significantly greater in the maintenance/increase group. Conclusions: Online interactive exercise classes are feasible for community-dwelling older individuals. These results also suggest the possibility of using telehealth to improve physical activity and self-efficacy.

Aims: This study aimed to (1) examine the feasibility of an online interactive exercise class for community-dwelling older adults and (2) preliminarily examine changes in physical activity and self-efficacy. Methods: Participants were 25 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older, but due to 5 dropouts, the final number of participants for analysis was 20 (mean age 76.9 ± 5.7 years). The intervention program was conducted for 40 minutes each session, twice a week for four consecutive weeks, using the LINE group call (LINE Corporation, Japan). An online questionnaire was used to assess participant characteristics, modified Fall Efficacy Scale score, modified Gait Efficacy Scale (m-GES) score, self-rated health, and daily steps, which were compared pre- and post-intervention using the Wilcoxon signed-rank sum and chi-square tests. Results: The Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test showed significant improvement in the m-GES score and daily steps. The chi-square test showed that self-rated health was significantly greater in the maintenance/increase group. Conclusions: Online interactive exercise classes are feasible for community-dwelling older individuals. These results also suggest the possibility of using telehealth to improve physical activity and self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endometriosis (EMS) is a relapsing and estrogen-dependent disease. For endometriosis such as deep endometriosis and ovarian endometrioid cysts, surgery is the most effective treatment. Long-term follow-up showed that the recurrence rate of endometriosis after surgical treatment was high, so postoperative drugs were needed to reduce recurrence, and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) were the most commonly used drug for postoperative management.GnRH-a may reduce the post-treatment endometriosis relapses by lowering the hormone levels in the body. However, the use of GnRH-a can give rise to perimenopausal symptoms, especially osteoporosis, bone loss, and bone pain, for which reason GnRH-a use is often limited. The add-back therapy is often used to alleviate the untoward effects caused by GnRH-a. However, long-term use of hormone drugs may lead to EMS recurrence, thrombosis, and breast cancer. Therefore, a safer and more effective drug is urgently needed to alleviate the untoward effects caused by GnRH-a. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have found that isopropanolic Cimicifuga racemosa extract (ICR), as a plant extract, can better relieve the symptoms of perimenopausal women. At the same time, some studies have initially confirmed that black cohosh preparations can relieve the perimenopausal symptoms caused by GnRH-a treatment in EMS patients. Objective: To investigate the effect of black cohosh preparations on the bone metabolism of rat models with GnRH-a-induced perimenopausal symptoms. Methods: The rat models of perimenopausal symptoms were established by GnRH-a injection. and normal saline (NS injection) was used as the control. According to the modeling method and drug intervention, the rats were randomly divided into four groups: GnRH-a injection + saline intervention group (GnRH-a + NS), saline injection control + saline intervention group (NS + NS), GnRH-a injection + estradiol intervention group (GnRH-a + E2), and GnRH-a injection + black cohosh preparation intervention group (GnRH-a + ICR). The rat models were identified with the vaginal smear method, and then the corresponding drug intervention was administrated for 28 days. After the intervention, the rats were sacrificed. The rats' bone mineral density (BMD) of the distal femur was detected by a dual-energy X-ray bone density scanner. Rat tibia bone tissues were decalcified and made into slices. The pathological and morphological changes of rat tibial bones in each group were observed through HE staining. Histomorphometry parameters of rat tibial bones in each group, such as trabecular bone volume (TBV), trabecular thickness (TbTh), trabecular number (TbN), and trabecular spacing (TbSp), were detected and analyzed by using an automatic image analysis system. Results: (1) The BMD level of the distal femur in the GnRH-a + NS group was significantly lower than the NS + NS, GnRH-a + E2, and GnRH-a + ICR groups (P <0.01), the BMD levels in GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups were slightly lower than the NS + NS group, but there was no significant difference among the three groups (P >0.05). (2) The pathological changes of the tibia bones under the microscope in different groups were as follows: The tibia bone trabecular structure was normal in the NS + NS group, without trabecular thinning or fracture, and the arch structure was normal. In the GnRH-a + NS group, some trabecular structures tapered, the arch structure disappeared, but no obvious bone fracture was observed in the trabecula. In the GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups, the trabecular structures were normal, without trabecular bone thinning or fracture, and the arch structures were normal. (3) The TBV level of the GnRH-a + INS group was significantly lower than that of the NS + NS, GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups (P <0.01, P <0.05, P <0.01), while there was no significant difference among NS + NS, GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups (P >0.05). (4) The TbTh levels in the four groups had no significant difference (P >0.05). Compared with the NS + NS group, the TbTh levels in the GnRH-a + NS, GnRH-a + E2, and GnRH-a + ICR groups showed a descending tendency, while the TbTh levels in the GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups were slightly higher than that of the GnRH-a + NS group. However, such differences were not significant statistically (P>0.05). (5) Compared with the NS + NS group, the TbN levels in the GnRH-a + NS, GnRH-a + E2, and GnRH-a + ICR groups decreased remarkably (P <0.05). Compared with the GnRH-a + NS group, the TbN levels in the GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups showed a mild descending tendency, but such differences were not significant statistically (P >0.05). (6) The TbSp level of the GnRH-a + NS group was significantly higher than that of the NS + NS, GnRH-a + E2, and GnRH-a + ICR groups (P <0.01), while there was no significant difference among NS + NS, GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups (P >0.05). Conclusion: The GnRH-a injection could achieve the desired effect. GnRH-a injection may lead to the loss of bone mass in rats. Black cohosh preparations, like estrogen, may have a protective effect on bone mass loss caused by GnRH-a injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some of the diverse agro-industrial waste generated in primary or secondary stages have proved to be promising biomaterials for treating aqueous effluents contaminated, in this case, with heavy metals. Therefore, it is necessary to know their optimal operating conditions and the regeneration or reusability of the solid by-product, an aspect related to desorption. Considering the above, this article presents the findings of a preliminary study related to the desorption process of coffee pulp without physicochemical modification (Castilla variety), an agricultural waste used as a sorbent of Cr(III and VI) ions in synthetic wastewater. The desorption efficiency of four eluting agents at defined concentrations (0.10M)—HC1, HNO3, H2SO4, and EDTA—was evaluated in a time interval of 1 to 9 days. Likewise, the proposals for the sorption and/or desorption mechanisms proposed and reported in the literature with respect to the use of biosorbents derived from the coffee crop are presented. With respect to the results, the coffee pulp used in previous studies of the adsorption of chromium species mentioned (optimal conditions in synthetic water of particle size 180 μm, dose 20 g·L−1, agitation 100 RPM, room temperature, time of 90 to 105 min) showed efficiencies in the removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) of 93.26% and 74.80%, respectively. Regarding the extracting substances used, H2SO4 0.10 M was the one that presented the highest desorption percentage in both chromic species, with a desorption of 45.75% Cr(VI) and 66.84% Cr(III) in periods of 5 and 9 days, respectively, with agitation of 100 RPM and room temperature. Finally, the dissemination of preliminary results on the desorption of coffee pulp contaminated with chromic species without physicochemical modification is novel in this study, as similar work with this specific material has not yet been reported in the literature. On the other hand, the limitations of the study and future research are related to the evaluation at different concentrations and of other extractor solutions that allow improving the efficiency of desorption of these chemical species in a shorter time from the coffee pulp (with and without modification) as well as the reuse cycles. As a result, the desorption of coffee pulp used as an adsorbent material in real water could help researchers identify the possible interfering factors that affect the process (foreign anions and cations, organic matter, environmental conditions, among others). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China will launch the atmospheric environment monitoring satellite, which is equipped with a CO2-integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) LIDAR, in the coming years. The space-borne IPDA LIDAR is believed to supplement current passive remote sensing techniques in terms of effective observations at nights, as well as in high-latitude regions and heavily polluted areas. Currently, no LIDAR-based satellite is operational for CO2 detection in orbit despite the fact that Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) and Advanced Space Carbon and Climate Observation of Planet Earth (A-SCOPE) are dedicated to fill this gap. However, the ESA mission proposal A-SCOPE dedicated for CO2 measurement was not selected, and ASCENDS from NASA remains in the loop but on low priority. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of this novel technique and to identify potential differences among its CO2 concentration products and the passive remote sensing technique. In this article, we developed an initial data-processing procedure for an airborne CO2-IPDA LIDAR, which is the minified prototype of the forthcoming space-borne LIDAR. We tested the effectiveness of this procedure and evaluated the performance of the minified prototype in a flight test over ocean, urban, and mountainous terrain. The column-weighted xCO2 (XCO2) retrievals obtained by the airborne IPDA LIDAR were considerably more sensitive to the gradients of the dry-air mixing ratio of CO2 (xCO2) than the XCO2 products of OCO-2 and in situ measurements of point xCO2. The mean XCO2 values over the ocean, urban, and mountainous area were 411.07, 425.71, and 417.87 ppm with STDs of 1.93, 0.85, and 0.96 ppm, respectively. We used altitude-dependent xCO2 obtained by a decline-climb flight to calculate a reference for XCO2 over the ocean. The difference between XCO2 obtained using two means was less than 0.5 ppm. Moreover, the actual random error coincided well with the simulated random error, suggesting that our previous performance-evaluation model was reliable. This model predicted that a relative random error of less than 0.3% would be very likely for the forthcoming satellite mission over land. However, measuring CO2 concentrations precisely over oceans was identified as a very challenging work. Improvements in hardware technology are unlikely to narrow this gap largely. Thus, developing dedicated algorithms to address CO2 measurement over oceans by using IPDA LIDAR is necessary.

BackgroundEndometriosis (EMS) is a relapsing and estrogen-dependent disease. For endometriosis such as deep endometriosis and ovarian endometrioid cysts, surgery is the most effective treatment. Long-term follow-up showed that the recurrence rate of endometriosis after surgical treatment was high, so postoperative drugs were needed to reduce recurrence, and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) were the most commonly used drug for postoperative management.GnRH-a may reduce the post-treatment endometriosis relapses by lowering the hormone levels in the body. However, the use of GnRH-a can give rise to perimenopausal symptoms, especially osteoporosis, bone loss, and bone pain, for which reason GnRH-a use is often limited. The add-back therapy is often used to alleviate the untoward effects caused by GnRH-a. However, long-term use of hormone drugs may lead to EMS recurrence, thrombosis, and breast cancer. Therefore, a safer and more effective drug is urgently needed to alleviate the untoward effects caused by GnRH-a. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have found that isopropanolic Cimicifuga racemosa extract (ICR), as a plant extract, can better relieve the symptoms of perimenopausal women. At the same time, some studies have initially confirmed that black cohosh preparations can relieve the perimenopausal symptoms caused by GnRH-a treatment in EMS patients.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of black cohosh preparations on the bone metabolism of rat models with GnRH-a-induced perimenopausal symptoms.MethodsThe rat models of perimenopausal symptoms were established by GnRH-a injection. and normal saline (NS injection) was used as the control. According to the modeling method and drug intervention, the rats were randomly divided into four groups: GnRH-a injection + saline intervention group (GnRH-a + NS), saline injection control + saline intervention group (NS + NS), GnRH-a injection + estradiol intervention group (GnRH-a + E2), and GnRH-a injection + black cohosh preparation intervention group (GnRH-a + ICR). The rat models were identified with the vaginal smear method, and then the corresponding drug intervention was administrated for 28 days. After the intervention, the rats were sacrificed. The rats’ bone mineral density (BMD) of the distal femur was detected by a dual-energy X-ray bone density scanner. Rat tibia bone tissues were decalcified and made into slices. The pathological and morphological changes of rat tibial bones in each group were observed through HE staining. Histomorphometry parameters of rat tibial bones in each group, such as trabecular bone volume (TBV), trabecular thickness (TbTh), trabecular number (TbN), and trabecular spacing (TbSp), were detected and analyzed by using an automatic image analysis system.Results(1) The BMD level of the distal femur in the GnRH-a + NS group was significantly lower than the NS + NS, GnRH-a + E2, and GnRH-a + ICR groups (P0.05). (2) The pathological changes of the tibia bones under the microscope in different groups were as follows: The tibia bone trabecular structure was normal in the NS + NS group, without trabecular thinning or fracture, and the arch structure was normal. In the GnRH-a + NS group, some trabecular structures tapered, the arch structure disappeared, but no obvious bone fracture was observed in the trabecula. In the GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups, the trabecular structures were normal, without trabecular bone thinning or fracture, and the arch structures were normal. (3) The TBV level of the GnRH-a + INS group was significantly lower than that of the NS + NS, GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups (P0.05). (4) The TbTh levels in the four groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with the NS + NS group, the TbTh levels in the GnRH-a + NS, GnRH-a + E2, and GnRH-a + ICR groups showed a descending tendency, while the TbTh levels in the GnRH-a + E2 and GnRH-a + ICR groups were slightly higher than that of the GnRH-a + NS group. However, such differences were not significant statistically (P>0.05). (5) Compared with the NS + NS group, the TbN levels in the GnRH-a + NS, GnRH-a + E2, and GnRH-a + ICR groups decreased remarkably (P0.05). (6) The TbSp level of the GnRH-a + NS group was significantly higher than that of the NS + NS, GnRH-a + E2, and GnRH-a + ICR groups (P0.05).ConclusionThe GnRH-a injection could achieve the desired effect. GnRH-a injection may lead to the loss of bone mass in rats. Black cohosh preparations, like estrogen, may have a protective effect on bone mass loss caused by GnRH-a injection.

Purpose – This research aims to conduct an initial assessment of students' attitudes in high school, with a focus on Islamic education, which is one of the benchmarks in soft skills development activities. Design/methods/approach – This study uses research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) with three stages in it, namely the preliminary, development, and testing stages. To increase students' soft skills, an infographic-based Islamic Religious Education teaching material was designed in this study. Findings – According to preliminary research conducted at senior high schools in Surakarta with class XI subjects, Islamic learning does not provide opportunities for students to improve their soft skills. This is requiring the development of learning tools, one of which is infographic-based teaching materials, to assist in achieving the expected competencies. Research limitations – This study focuses on acquiring Islamic education in high school, with a focus on the limitations of development in teaching materials that affect students' ability to obtain competencies in the form of soft skills. Originality/value – A preliminary investigation into the development of teaching materials in Islamic education courses, namely for senior secondary school, was studied further in this study. The development of soft skills is one of the things that is actively supported in the development of character education in Indonesian schools.

Background Atelocollagen has been studied for restoration of rotator cuff tendon. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the clinical outcome of ultrasound-guided atelocollagen injection in an outpatient clinic for patients with partial rotator cuff tear. Methods We recruited 42 outpatients who visited our hospital from May 2019 to September 2019. Atelocollagen injection was performed in patients with partial rotator cuff tear diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Constant, Korean Shoulder Score (KSS) and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) scores, and range of motion were assessed before injection and after 2 months. Statistically, we analyzed the clinical results using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Finally, 15 patients were enrolled for analysis. There was no significant difference between pre- and post-injection in terms of range of motion, ASES (57.0 vs. 60.4), Constant (56.4 vs. 58.9), KSS (64.6 vs. 68.5), and pain-visual analog scale (4.2 vs. 3.7), except function-visual analog scale (F-VAS; 6.3 vs. 7.1) and SST (6.6 vs. 6.9). A significant difference was found in SST (P=0.046) and F-VAS (P=0.009). According to the ultrasound results at 2 months, we found hyperechoic materials in three of seven patients. The most common complication of atelocollagen injection was post-injection pain (53%, 8/15). Conclusions Ultrasound-guided atelocollagen injection for partial rotator cuff tear showed no significant change in terms of clinical outcomes, except for F-vas and SST score. Tendon regeneration was not clear due to the remnants of atelocollagen present at 2-month follow-up ultrasound. There seems to be alarming post-injection pain for 2 to 3 days in the patients who received atelocollagen injection in an outpatient clinic.

PurposeCurrently, surgical drainage during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is still placed in selected patients. Evidence of the non-beneficial effect of the surgical drain comes from studies with a heterogeneous population. This preliminary study aims to identify any clinical, demographic, or intraoperative predictive factors for a surgical drain placement during LC as the first step to identify population for a prospective randomized study.MethodThe study was conducted in a single referral center and academic hospital between 2014 and 2018. Patients who underwent unconverted LC were divided into two groups: Group A (drain) and Group B (no drain). We explored baseline, preoperative, intraoperative characteristics, and postoperative outcomes.ResultsBetween 409 patients who underwent LC: 90 (22%) patients were in Group A (drain). Age >64 years, male sex, cholecystitis, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ≥ 1, experienced surgeon, intraoperative technical difficulties, need for an additional trocar, operative time >60 min, and estimated blood loss >10 ml were predictive factors at univariate analysis. While at multivariate analysis, cholecystitis (odds ratio [OR]: 2.8, 95% CI:1.5–5.1; p < 0.001), CCI ≥ 1 (OR:1.9, 95% CI:1.0–3.5; p = 0.05), intraoperative technical difficulties (OR: 3.6, 95% CI:1.8–6.2; p < 0.001), need of an additional trocar (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.4–4.4; p < 0.005), and estimated blood loss >10 ml (OR: 3.0, 95% CI:1.7–5.3; p < 0.0001) were predictive factors for a surgical drain placement during LC.ConclusionsThis study identified predictive factors that currently drive the surgeons to a surgical drain placement after LC. Randomized prospective studies are needed to define the use of drain placement in these selected patients.

Background: To sustain performance during a task that requires attention may be a challenge for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which strongly influences motivation for tasks and has been connected to the level of arousal., Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of musical stimulus on attentional performance in children with ADHD and typically developing children., Methods: A total of 76 boys (34 with ADHD and 42 typically developing) performed the Attention Network Test (ANT) for children under 2 experimental conditions (with and without music). Four attentional measures were extracted from the ANT. We tested the effect of the experimental condition and its interaction with the group using repeated measures ANOVA., Results: We found no significant main effects or interactions for the reaction times of the alerting, orienting, and conflict attentional networks of the ANT (all P>.05). Regarding ANT errors, we found a significant main effect for music, with a moderate effect size (F 1,72= 9.83; P=.03; ηp 2 =0.06) but the condition×group interaction was not significant (F 1,72 =1.79; P=.18). Participants made fewer errors when listening to music compared to the control condition., Conclusions: Music seems not to interfere in the attentional network in children and adolescents. Perhaps background music affects motivation. Future studies will be needed to validate this., Trial Registration: ReBEC.gov U1111-12589039; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8s22sh8., (©Camila Guimarães Mendes, Jonas Jardim de Paula, Débora Marques Miranda. Originally published in the Interactive Journal of Medical Research (https://www.i-jmr.org/), 18.07.2024.)

Some of the diverse agro-industrial waste generated in primary or secondary stages have proved to be promising biomaterials for treating aqueous effluents contaminated, in this case, with heavy metals. Therefore, it is necessary to know their optimal operating conditions and the regeneration or reusability of the solid by-product, an aspect related to desorption. Considering the above, this article presents the findings of a preliminary study related to the desorption process of coffee pulp without physicochemical modification (Castilla variety), an agricultural waste used as a sorbent of Cr(III and VI) ions in synthetic wastewater. The desorption efficiency of four eluting agents at defined concentrations (0.10M)—HC1, HNO3, H2SO4, and EDTA—was evaluated in a time interval of 1 to 9 days. Likewise, the proposals for the sorption and/or desorption mechanisms proposed and reported in the literature with respect to the use of biosorbents derived from the coffee crop are presented. With respect to the results, the coffee pulp used in previous studies of the adsorption of chromium species mentioned (optimal conditions in synthetic water of particle size 180 μm, dose 20 g·L−1, agitation 100 RPM, room temperature, time of 90 to 105 min) showed efficiencies in the removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) of 93.26% and 74.80%, respectively. Regarding the extracting substances used, H2SO4 0.10 M was the one that presented the highest desorption percentage in both chromic species, with a desorption of 45.75% Cr(VI) and 66.84% Cr(III) in periods of 5 and 9 days, respectively, with agitation of 100 RPM and room temperature. Finally, the dissemination of preliminary results on the desorption of coffee pulp contaminated with chromic species without physicochemical modification is novel in this study, as similar work with this specific material has not yet been reported in the literature. On the other hand, the limitations of the study and future research are related to the evaluation at different concentrations and of other extractor solutions that allow improving the efficiency of desorption of these chemical species in a shorter time from the coffee pulp (with and without modification) as well as the reuse cycles. As a result, the desorption of coffee pulp used as an adsorbent material in real water could help researchers identify the possible interfering factors that affect the process (foreign anions and cations, organic matter, environmental conditions, among others).

[Objectives] To study the anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from different parts of Ficus pumila L. [Methods] Inflammatory models of xylene-induced ear swelling, glacial acetic acid-induced celiac capillary permeability and carrageenan-induced toe swelling were established to evaluate the effects of extracts from different parts of F. pumila L. on inflammation. The inflammatory model of ear swelling in mice with bilateral adrenalectomy induced by xylene was established to determine whether its anti-inflammatory effect depends on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis（HPAA） system. [Results] Compared with the blank control group, except that there was no statistical significance in the low dose group（P>0.05）, the high and middle dose groups of extracts from different parts of F. pumila L. had significant inhibitory effects on xylene-induced ear swelling in mice. The high, middle and low dose groups of F. pumila L. extract could significantly increase the celiac capillary permeability of mice induced by glacial acetic acid, and significantly inhibit the toe swelling induced by carrageenan. Compared with the blank control group, the high and middle dose groups of extracts from different parts of F. pumila L. could significantly inhibit xylene-induced ear swelling and carrageenan-induced toe swelling in bilateral adrenalectomy mice. [Conclusions] The extracts from different parts of F. pumila L. had anti-inflammatory activity, and its anti-inflammatory effect was independent of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis（HPAA） system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have characterized safety execution as an essential capacity in deciding the achievement or disappointment of an organization. While, Fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries have turned into a noteworthy worldwide concern and their outcomes to safety and health can be vigorously troubling. This preliminary examination explored the safety issues of nurses in Jordanian emergency clinics to identify potential harm factors. The study aimed to survey the occupational injuries association amidst the working time of Jordanian nurses and their vision of executive support for workplace safety. Thirty-two nurses volunteered and finished the survey - about 81% of reacting nurses some injury. Injuries from sharp devices were accounted for at 25%, trailed by sensitivity episodes risks at 18.8% and back agony related issues at 12.5%. Most of the specialists felt that an absence of top administration support and insufficient preparing were identified with work environment safety issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence from animal studies suggests that minocycline may reduce lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) recurrence in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, possibly by inhibiting perivascular extracellular matrix degradation in cerebral small vessels. There is currently no evidence of its safety or efficacy in humans with cerebral amyloid angiopathy., Methods and Results: To provide preliminary data to support future studies of minocycline's efficacy, the authors performed a retrospective single-center cohort study to assess the incidence of recurrent ICH in patients with an aggressive clinical course of probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy who had been prescribed minocycline off-label via shared decision-making. Crude incidence rate ratios were calculated to compare incidence rates before versus after treatment. Sixteen patients (mean age at minocycline initiation, 66.3±3.5 years; women 62.5%; median of 3 lobar ICHs [range, 1-6]) were initiated on minocycline and followed for a median of 12.4 months (range, 1.8-61.4 months). Adverse events were reported in 4 of 16 patients (gastroenteric, n=3; dizziness, n=1) and were considered mild. ICH incidence sharply increased the year before minocycline initiation compared with the preceding years (2.18 [95% CI, 1.50-3.07] versus 0.40 [95% CI, 0.25-0.60] events per patient-year) and fell to 0.46 (95% CI, 0.23-0.83) events per patient-year afterwards. Incidence rate ratios of recurrent ICH after minocycline was lower (0.21 [95% CI, 0.11-0.42], P <0.0001) compared with the year before initiation., Conclusions: Minocycline appeared safe and generally tolerated in a small group of patients with clinically aggressive cerebral amyloid angiopathy and was associated with reduced ICH recurrence. Determining whether this reduction represents a biological response to minocycline rather than a regression to the mean, however, will require a future controlled treatment trial.

Background: Social capital is a predictor of overall well-being and mental health. Social capital in a collective perspective can affect health outcomes of community members through its shared social norms, collective action and coping. Evidence on the relevance of social capital and people with mental disorders is limited as previous studies discussed social capital aspects mainly at natural-environment level. This paper aimed to explore social capital aspects and social support in community level for people with severe mental disorders in Indonesia. Method: This study combined a descriptive quantitative and qualitative approach. A sample of 225 health cadres, health care professionals, local public figures and neighbours with a proportional stratified random sampling was used. The data gathering tools consisted of demographic characteristics, Measuring Social Capital in Five Communities in NSW and Social Provisions Scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 8 participants and analyzed with a qualitative content analysis method. Result: The results showed that there was a significance relationship between social capital and social support (P=0.000, r=0.605). Three themes emerged from the data: trust them, feels like relatives and need support for improvement. Discussion and Conclusion: Participants considered that social trust, social network and social support were three factors contribute to mental well-being. Social capital was described as resources to provide social support for people with severe mental disorders in community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Degradation of coastal water quality is one of the major concern in the Malacca Strait since this area is one of the most important fishing ground in Malaysia. Despite being great in the fishery industry, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan somehow recorded the lowest marine fishes landing, which raises a question about dynamics of this area. It is therefore, a preliminary study of the physical properties and nutrient concentrations carried out from 27 March to 4 April 2016 at the coastal water off the southern west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, specifically at Pulau Besar, Malacca and Tanjung Tuan, Negeri Sembilan. Data for temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) was acquired by using Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) probe. Meanwhile, nutrient concentrations determination in this study was done by using a Westco Smartchem 200 Discrete Analyser, according to the procedure adopted from United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). In general, results of this study indicated the coastal stations were characterised with cooler, less saline, and high DO waters than stations away from coast. Large sea surface heating and weak winds were determined as the causative factors affecting dynamics of water column at the study area. At nearshore area, temperature, salinity, and DO variability were modulated by degree of freshwater intrusion. High nutrient concentrations at the stations closer to the coast was believed to be associated with river outflow, which acted as the main source of nutrients supply in this area. Comparison to previous study had shown that nutrient concentrations in this research were low, which could contribute to an insight on declining marine fish catches in these two states. With regard to Malaysian Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard (MWQCS), mean nutrient concentrations at the study area were in Class 1, which are suitable for marine parks and marine protected areas conservation. Regardless of limited scope, the outcome of this study is believed to be a good baseline reference for future studies seeking to understand coastal dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the current study is to explore the emerging adulthood experiences among young people in Sabah. As no similar investigation has been conducted, a semi-structured interview using open-ended questions has been utilized in the current study. A total of five emerging adult ages between 22 and 28-year-old has been recruited in this investigation. The data in this study has been analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Five themes were constructed concerning the criteria of adulthood: individualism, self-control maturity, role transitions, family capacities, and social maturity. This information is useful as a basis to guide local researchers for further study in emerging adulthood research. Besides, the development of the research is beneficial for policy modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious harmony between different religious adherents is important in determining social peace and harmony in a plural country like Malaysia. The failure to ensure religious harmony can disrupt political and national stability. Hence, all parties, including policy makers, religious leaders and society should work together to strengthen inter-religious relations. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of religious harmony in Perak. It used a survey questionnaire as an instrument for data collection in which data from a total of 44 respondents were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 software. The findings generally revealed that all dimensions of religious harmony were at a moderately high level. Surprisingly, the findings also showed that ‘Understanding’, ‘Cooperation’ and ‘Stable Conflict’ were recorded as the highest mean score for the Hindu group, while ‘Peacefulness’, Acceptance’, ‘Understanding’, and ‘Right and Justice’ were recorded as the lowest mean score for the Buddhist group. The study offers a valid measurement to determine the level of religious harmony that will advise the government to take appropriate measures to mitigate religious conflict and promote mutual understanding within multi-religious society.

[Objective] The paper was to preliminarily study and discuss the biological characteristics of Habroloma subbicorne. [Method] The biological habits of H. subbicorne adults were observed by indoor observation and field observation. [Result] H. subbicorne adults, with characters of polyphagy and feign death, liked young leaves and often fed from the edge of a leaf, and preferred warm and sunny environment. Adults mated, foraged, flied, and walked during the day. H. subbicorne adults were the most active from 13:00 pm to 14:00 pm during the day. [Conclusion] The study will provide a theoretical basis for further research and scientific prevention and control of H. subbicorne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: There is an increasing trend shifting the esthetic focus downward from the face with a significant number of new treatments aimed at the aging neck. Hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection is widely performed into the horizontal neck lines in Korea, but there are few reports assessing its effectiveness. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HA filler injection in the treatment of horizontal neck lines. Patients and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on cases of horizontal neck lines treated with HA fillers. A total of 28 neck halves from 14 patients with Fitzpatrick skin types IV‐V were included. All participants underwent a single treatment session with a 0.3 cc insulin syringe (31G×8 mm needle). Wrinkle assessment was conducted at baseline and 2 months after treatment. Two blinded physicians evaluated the improvement using a 5‐point Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) (5‐very much improved, 4‐much improved, 3‐improved, 2‐no change, 1‐worse) by comparing the pretreatment and post‐treatment photographs. A questionnaire was used to evaluate patient satisfaction and the incidence of adverse reactions. Results: Among the 28 neck halves, 35.7% were treated with the linear threading technique (LTT) and 64.3% were treated with the vertical technique (VT). The average amount of filler injection per side was 1.01±0.13 cc. The GAIS score of the horizontal neck lines measured at the 2‐month follow‐up after filler injection was 4.04±0.79 (overall); the GAIS score of the horizontal neck lines was 3.60±0.70 with the LTT and 4.27±0.75 with the VT (P=.027). Complications, such as skin irregularity and accentuation of neck lines, were observed, but they were transient. Conclusion: Our preliminary study results indicate that HA filler injection with a 0.3 cc insulin syringe could be a safe and effective treatment option for horizontal neck lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that religious tourism has been in existence for centuries, there is still a dearth of academic focus on this tourism niche area especially in the developing context. Along similar lines, the academic analysis that has focused on tourism in South Africa has largely neglected aspects of religious tourism, despite the significant growth experienced by the sector in contemporary South Africa. This paper presents in part, a preliminary analysis of a longitudinal based study and with specific reference to the Zion Christian Church (ZCC) Easter Festival in Moria, a major religious tourism event that takes place during the Easter period in Limpopo, South Africa. In terms of the methodology, the data was collected through the use of questionnaire surveys, administered face-toface to event attendees using a stratified random sampling method. The perceptions were measured on a five-point Likert-type scale. The results show that, while respondents were enthusiastic with regards to socio-economic opportunities created by the event for local residents, major concerns remained in key tourism facilities such as banking, transport, cleanliness and being a responsible tourism destination. The study underscore the need for the relevant authorities to consider a new approach to the event planning and execution that will holistically improve attendee concerns and ensure the event sustainability.