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Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the occlusal relationships between the gum pads of neonates and to record intraoral findings in neonates and compare with the existing findings. Materials and methods The oral cavities of 1,000 healthy neonates from birth to 1 month of age were examined to evaluate the occlusal relationships between the gum pads and to record other intraoral findings in neonates and compare with the existing findings. Oral findings recorded were oral mucosal cysts, Fordyce's spot, Epstein's pearls, Bohn's nodules, ankyloglossia, natal or neonatal teeth and attachment of the upper midline frenum. Relationship between the alveolar ridges was also recorded. Obtained data were evaluated and statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 and Epi-info version 3.0. Results The maxillo-mandibular relationship of gum pads in approximately 97% cases, the mandible was found distal and lingual to maxilla. The presence of anterior open bite was observed in 9.1% cases. The most common intraoral finding in examined neonates was an oral mucosal cyst, 61.2%. The presence of Epstein's pearls was the next most common finding 38.3%. Fordyce's spots were found only in 1.2% of cases, while the presence of natal/neonatal teeth was only in 0.6% of cases. Ankyloglossia was present in only 0.5% neonates. Maxillary frenum was present in 79.1% of cases and it was attached on the alveolar crest. Conclusion The results of the present study were in accordance with the pre-existing data. However, anterior open-bite was seen in significantly less percentage of the population. How to cite this article Niranjan MM, Srivastava N, Rana V, et al. Assessment of Intraoral Findings of Neonates, Born in and around Meerut City. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(1):48–52.

Aim: This study aimed to quantitatively assess the levels of Scardovia wiggsiae in caries-free and early childhood caries (ECC)- and severe ECC (SECC)-affected children using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods: Forty-five children aged

BACKGROUND/AIM: Non-suicidal self injury may be a possible etiologic factor for dental trauma in adolescents. The aim of this case report is to present a case of non-suicidal self injury resulting in dental trauma in a 16 year old adolescent boy. CASE REPORT: This report illustrates a case of non-suicidal self injury in a 16 year old healthy boy with resultant trauma to the maxillary central incisors and the left lateral incisor (teeth 11, 21, and 22). Three tests were applied; Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence(™) (WASI), Inventory of Statements about Self Injury (ISAS), and UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS); to assess the patient's intellectual and behavioral functioning. Dental treatment was rendered in the form of composite restorations on teeth 11, 21, and 22. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The patient had a general intelligence quotient (IQ) of 92 (SD = 10.9), verbal score of 86.6 (SD = 14.6), and performance IQ of 93.4 (SD = 23.66) which implied that the intelligence levels were well within the normal range. The patient demonstrated self hitting behavior and predominantly intrapersonal functions of his NSSI on testing with the ISAS scale and elevated urgency scores on the UPPS scale. The total UPPS score was 115.9 and urgency score was 35.9. NSSI was an outlet for negative emotions and to release self directed anger. This resulted in dental trauma to teeth 11, 21, and 22. CONCLUSION: NSSI may be an etiologic or risk factor for dental trauma in intellectually normal adolescents as seen in the present case. Self hitting, intrapersonal factors or self directed factors and impulsivity are more likely to predispose an adolescent toward performance of such behavior.© 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Language: en

This study aimed to quantitatively assess the levels of Scardovia wiggsiae in caries-free and early childhood caries (ECC)- and severe ECC (SECC)-affected children using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Forty-five children aged71 months were randomly recruited from the Outpatient Clinic at the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry at Subharti Dental College and Hospital, Meerut, India. Fifteen children suffering from ECC, 15 with SECC, and 15 children without ECC were enrolled in the study. About 1-2 mL of unstimulated saliva was collected and subjected to microbial analysis using RT-PCR.The SECC group (n = 15) was found to have significantly higher mean relative 16s rRNA expression of S. wiggsiae (3.67) than both ECC (n = 15) and controls (n = 15) (1.69 and 0.85, respectively). S. wiggsiae was detected in 86.7% of the SECC and 60% ECC group and was detected negligibly in the control (caries free) group. The correlation of decayed, missing, or filled surface levels with 16s rRNA levels showed significant positive correlation with 16S rRNA in both ECC and SECC patients.Salivary levels of S. wiggsiae were significantly associated with ECC in children. S. wiggsiae represents a new frontier in the microbial etiology of ECC. This may lead to the development of new antimicrobial agents targeted to this organism and improve the treatment of ECC.

Background: Vital pulpotomy is a single-stage procedure of surgical amputation of the coronal portion of exposed vital pulp, usually as a means of preserving the vitality and function of the remaining radicular portion. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic success rates for ferric sulfate (FS), electrosurgery (ES) and laser pulpotomy in human primary molars. Materials and methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 30 primary molars indicated for pulpotomy in children aged 4 to 10 years were treated using either a FS (10 teeth), ES technique (10 teeth) and laser (10 teeth). Following the pulpotomy, the teeth were evaluated for clinical and radiographic success at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months on the basis of the presence of pain, sinus, mobility, internal and external resorption, periapical radiolucency, calcification in the canal and bone loss. Statistical analysis: The data were assessed with Chi-square test. Results: After 12 months of follow-up, both clinical and radiographic success rates were 100% in the laser group but only 80% in both ES and FS groups. There was statistically significant difference between the success rates of three groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Laser pulpotomy showed better clinical as well as radiographical results than ES and FS pulpotomy. Laser pulpotomy was also found superior in terms of operating time, patient cooperation, ease of use and pain. Although results of the study showed the failure rates for electrosurgical pulpotomy to be equal to those for FS pulpotomy, electrosurgical pulpotomy being a nonpharmacological technique considered more favorable. Further studies using larger sample size and longer evaluation periods are suggested. How to cite this article: Gupta G, Rana V, Srivastava N, Chandna P. Laser Pulpotomy–An Effective Alternative to Conventional Techniques: A 12 Months Clinicoradiographic Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(1):18-21.

Paramolars are relatively uncommon supernumerary molars. Limited cases of bilateral maxillary or mandibular paramolars have been reported. This case report describes bilateral maxillary premolars and their management in a 15-year-old girl, whose chief complaint was food lodgment in these regions. After a diagnosis of bilateral maxillary premolars was made and confirmed by orthopantomogram, both of the paramolars were extracted.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an recessive X-linked mediated, musculoskeletal disorder that affects only males. It is the most common and severe form of muscular dystrophy where there is failure to manufacture dystrophin. Clinically, it is characterized by progressive muscle wasting eventually leading to premature death. This case report describes the genetic, oral and systemic findings in two cases of DMD in male siblings. How to cite this article: Suneja B, Suneja ES, Adlakha VK, Chandna P. A Rare Case Report of Neurodegenerative Disease: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Two Male Siblings. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(2):163-165.

Background Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is most common chronic infectious disease of childhood. Diagnosis of dental caries has been limited to clinical, visual and radiographic methods but its inflammatory component remained unexplored. Hence, this study aims to evaluate salivary levels of inflammatory cytokines in children with ECC to assess their potential as non-invasive biomarkers. Methods 50 subjects were recruited (25 ECC patients and 25 healthy children). Saliva samples were taken from all subjects and collected again from patients after rehabilitative intervention. Levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF- α were determined using ELISA. Cytokines level were statistically correlated with each other and with DMF score along with ROC curve analysis. Results Salivary levels of IL-6, IL-8 & TNF-α were significantly higher in patients which got significantly reduced after rehabilitative intervention. Levels of these cytokines were significantly associated with severity of dental caries. These cytokines were correlating with each other along with DMF score upon Spearman correlation. ROC curve reveals optimum sensitivity and specificity of these cytokines for diagnosis in ECC with absolute levels observed for IL-6. Conclusions Significant elevation of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α with optimum sensitivity and specificity might imply their involvement as potential non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic markers in ECC.

Remineralizing agents represent a new frontier in dentistry. They may be classified as fluoride agents, calcium and phosphate based agents, herbal agents or combinations. The modes of delivery of remineralizing agents may be as dentifrices, mouth rinses, lozenges or chewing gums. The applications of remineralizing agents may be extrapolated to virtually every branch of dentistry ranging from pediatric to geriatric dentistry.

Dilaceration is one of the most common complications of trauma to deciduous dentition. The possible causes of dilaceration are trauma and developmental disturbances, while some authors suggest an association with some developmental syndromes. Dilaceration can be seen in both the permanent and deciduous dentition. The present case report describes surgical repositioning of a dilacerated impacted maxillary central incisor in a 9-year-old boy.

Osteopetrosis is a rare metabolic disease.1 Dental abnormalities may be attributed to the pathological changes in osteopetrosis. Patients with osteopetrosis are especially susceptible to osteomyelitis of mandible.1 A 13-year-old girl presented with complaint of jaw swelling on left side. The radiograph of left mandible (lateral oblique view) showed small sequestrum with irregularity and erosions of the man-dibular cortical margins. This case report aims at diagnosis and treatment of osteopetrosis with superadded mandibular osteomyelitis―a are entity.

Peripheral giant cell granuloma is a benign reactive lesion of gingiva. It manifests as a firm, soft, bright nodule or as a sessile or pedunculate mass. This article reports the management of peripheral giant cell granuloma in a 12-year-old boy by surgical excision.

The article describes an unusual case of a 7 years old male child presenting with orofacial cat bite injury that occurred in infancy. This resulted in loss of deciduous and permanent tooth buds and consequently hampered alveolar growth. The patient was given a removable partial denture to restore function and aesthetics. The article highlights the importance of complete history, diagnosis and management of such injuries in children.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare clinically and radiographically use of hydroxyapatite crystals and 2% glutaraldehyde as a pulpotomy agent. Method: Thirty deciduous molars were treated with pulpotomy using hydroxyapatite crystals and 2% glutaraldehyde. Results: Clinical and radiographic findings were observed at three months and six months. The success rate was found to be 100% clinically and 80.33% radiographically in the hydroxyapatite crystals group and 100% clinically and radiographically in the glutaraldehyde group. Clinical significance: The results of this study revealed that hydroxyapatite crystals is a potential pulpotomy agent for deciduous molars.

Background: Dental esthetic problems in adolescence have significant impact on the psychologic health and well being during this important period of development. These dental problems not only hinder the normal oral functioning of these children, but also have a considerable psychological impact. Dental problems in anterior region may be related to abnormality in shape, size, color and structure of the tooth, pigmentation of the gingiva, traumatic injuries, orthodontic problems. One of the frequently encountered dental problems is gingival pigmentation, which is seen as a purplish staining or as brown or light brown patches. Case: The aim of the report is to describe the management of gingival pigmentation by means of electrocautery as a feasible esthetic alternative in an adolescent girl.

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is one of the most common dermatologic diseases occurring in the mouth with an overall prevalence of 0.5 - 2.2%. Childhood OLP is rare and follows an atypical course. OLP typically presents clinically as bilateral, symmetrical, flat- topped polygonal papules and plaques that may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. The aim of this article is to present a brief review of OLP with a case report of a 7 year old girl with OLP.

Introduction: Giant cell lesions (GCG) are a group of varied lesions that contain a multitude of multinucleated, osteoclast like giant cells within connective tissue stroma. These include giant cell granulomas which may be central (CGCG), if they lie within the jaw bone, or, peripheral (PGCG) if they lie within the soft tissue. Giant cell granulomas comprised 9.29% of all oral lesions. This case series comprises of 5 giant cell lesions in children between the ages of 4 to 12 years. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients who were diagnosed with giant cell lesions and treated over a period of 10 years (from August 2004 to August 2014) at Subharti Dental College and Hospital, Meerut, India. Results: A total of 5 giant cell lesions were identified in this case series, of which 2 cases were diagnosed as PGCG and 3 cases as CGCG. Surgical excision and curettage was performed for 2 peripheral lesions under local anesthesia while 1 central lesion was excised under general anesthesia. Two central lesions were treated with a non-surgical approach using intralesional corticosteroid. Conclusion: Our experience suggests that a correct diagnosis and complete surgical excision with curettage is effective in complete management of oral giant cell lesions in the pediatric age group.

Background: Newer technologies and the development of pit and fissure sealants have shifted the treatment philosophy from ‘drill and fill’ to that of ‘seal and heal’. Aims: The purpose of this in–vitro study was to evaluate the effects of bonding agents on the tensile bond strengths of two pit and fissure sealants by using invasive and non-invasive techniques. Study Design and Methods: One hundred and twenty bicuspids were collected and teeth were divided into two groups: Group-I (Clinpro) and Group-II (Conseal f) with 60 teeth in each group. For evaluating tensile bond strengths, occlusal surfaces of all the teeth were flattened by reducing buccal and lingual cusps without disturbing fissures. Standardised polyvinyl tube was bonded to occlusal surfaces with respective materials. Sealants were applied, with or without bonding agents, in increments and they were light cured. Tensile bond strengths were determined by using Universal Testing Machine. Statistical Analysis: Data were then statistically analysed by using Student t–test for comparison. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in tensile bond strength in invasive with bonding agent group than in noninvasive with bonding agent group. Conclusion: This study revealed that invasive techniques increase the tensile bond strengths of sealants as compared to non- invasive techniques and that the use of a bonding agent as an intermediate layer between the tooth and fissure sealant is beneficial for increasing the bond strength.

Clefts of the palate, alveolus and lip are some of the most frequently encountered anomalies of the face. This article presents a case report of a neonate with cleft lip and palate in whom a feeding obturator was delivered. This article demonstrates the indications, construction, and benefits of a palatal obturator in an 11-day-old infant with a bilateral cleft lip and palate.

Dental caries in the primary dentition can have significant damaging effects on a child’s growth due to impairment of oral functions. Since the first encounter of a child to a medical environment is often through pediatricians and medical practitioners, it is important that they be aware of the prevention of oral disease that begins early in life. The aim of this article is to diminish the existing ambiguity among pediatricians and medical practitioners regarding oral disease and its prevention.