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This study examines the copy raising constructions in Chinese and proposes an integrated analysis built on the insights of the prominent proposals from recent years. It argues that the matrix subject in Chinese copy raising is base-generated and requires a coindexed copy in the complement. Though concurring with Landau's (2011) predication theory that recognizes theta assignment and predication as two ways of semantically licensing an argument, this squib differs from him in assuming that languages like Chinese can be parametrized in not treating the perceptual source as thematic. It is further argued that in Chinese, the perceptual source construal of the subject does not come from theta assignment but rather as an implicature which interprets the matrix subject to be involved in the topic event denoted by the perception verb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Precise estimation of current and future comorbidities of patients with cardiovascular disease is an important factor in prioritizing continuous physiological monitoring and new therapies. Machine learning (ML) models have shown satisfactory performance in short-term mortality prediction in patients with heart disease, whereas their utility in long-term predictions is limited. This study aimed to investigate the performance of tree-based ML models on long-term mortality prediction and effect of two recently introduced biomarkers on long-term mortality. Methods: This study used publicly available data from the Collaboration Center of Health Information Application at the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan, China. The collected data were from patients admitted to the cardiac care unit for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between November 2003 and September 2004. We collected and analyzed mortality data up to December 2018. Medical records were used to gather demographic and clinical data, including age, gender, body mass index, percutaneous coronary intervention status, and comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Using the data, collected from 139 patients with AMI, from medical and demographic records as well as two recently introduced biomarkers, brachial pre-ejection period (bPEP) and brachial ejection time (bET), we investigated the performance of advanced ensemble tree-based ML algorithms (random forest, AdaBoost, and XGBoost) to predict all-cause mortality within 14 years. A nested cross-validation was performed to evaluate and compare the performance of our developed models precisely with that of the conventional logistic regression (LR) as the baseline method. Results: The developed ML models achieved significantly better performance compared to the baseline LR (C-Statistic, 0.80 for random forest, 0.79 for AdaBoost, and 0.78 for XGBoost, vs. 0.77 for LR) (PRF < 0.001, PAdaBoost < 0.001, and PXGBoost < 0.05). Adding bPEP and bET to our feature set significantly improved the performance of the algorithm, leading to an absolute increase in C-statistic of up to 0.03 (C-statistic, 0.83 for random forest, 0.82 for AdaBoost, and 0.80 for XGBoost, vs. 0.74 for LR) (PRF < 0.001, PAdaBoost < 0.001, PXGBoost < 0.05). Conclusion: The study indicates that incorporating new biomarkers into advanced ML models may significantly improve long-term mortality prediction in patients with cardiovascular diseases. This advancement may enable better treatment prioritization for high-risk individuals.

The paper focuses on identifying the number of Overlapping Associates (O) and Overlapping Associate Strength (OSG), as well as on demonstrating the possibilities of using these indices in the analysis of a speech action. The associative fields bogatyj and bednyj presented in the Russian Associative Dictionary and rich and poor indicated in the associative norms of the University of South Florida are used as research material. It has been established that bogatyj – bednyj and rich – poor are the most frequent cue – target pairs. The power of predication in different pairs can vary significantly. The overlapping associates, which may be different in number, represent semantic features that form the similarity basis for the meanings of the studied words. It has been proved that the level of similarity largely depends not on the number of overlapping associates, but rather on the strength of their overlap. The data obtained indicate that the psychological meaning of the words bogatyj and bednyj in the Russian thesaurus is closer than rich and poor in the American one. It is also found that the index of Overlapping Associate Strength for the associate money is higher than for the associate dengi. This emphasizes its relevance for the Americans.

In this paper, I will counter Hodgson's critique of Hanks' assertion that neutral predication is incoherent, which is premised on the belief that asking is a neutral act. My defense of Hanks will be two-pronged. Firstly, I will provide textual proof that Hanks is, or should be, of the opinion that asking is not neutral, but rather a committal act. Secondly, I will illustrate how Hanks' model can accommodate the committal aspect of asking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Platonic work, extended to a lot of dialogues, could be used among others as an analytical instruction of the nature of participation given through various types of predication relations. This article focuses on the identification of the implicit and explicit predications (seen as participations) dispersed in the Platonic work. Nine distinct categories have been found and each of then is comprised of certain structures, carrying distinguishable meanings. Ordinary predication, Pauline predication, identity, difference, otherness and definition are included, while the various senses of self-predication and self-participation are presented. Lastly, concept maps of mutual relations between selected ideas are exhibited in a software ontology environment.

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the verbal negation of declarative main clauses in Dawurotsuwa. This study aims to describe verbal negation in Dawurotsuwa, a language that is scarcely described. Having prepared phrases and sentences for elicitation, which are appropriate and purposefully fitting to the verbal predication negation in English and Amharic, the data were collected from native speakers of Dawurotsuwa. The finding shows that the language suffixes negative markers to the root. Verbal negation in main clauses is formed by suffixing the morphemes -kk-/-nn- to the verb along with other inflectional suffixes, such as person, number, and aspect. The negative morpheme -kk- is used for all persons except 3SG.M. The morpheme -nn- is used for 3SG.M and infinite verb forms. Negation in Dawurotsuwa is asymmetric, in which the structural difference between affirmative and corresponding negative goes beyond the mere existence of the negative marker. The negative and perfective aspect marker co-occur together though the perfective aspect marker is substituted by another marker in the negative. The imperfective aspect is not marked in the language. The language emphasizes negation by attaching -ttenne to the verb following the person and number marker. In ellipsis, the morpheme -kka is suffixed to the pronouns or nominal elements for representing all other elements of the antecedent clause omitted in both affirmatives and negatives.

Copyright of Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Circumstantialists already have a logical semantics for impossibilities. They expand their logical space of possible worlds by adding impossible worlds. These are impossible circumstances serving as indices of evaluation, at which impossibilities are true. A variant of circumstantialism, namely modal Meinongianism (noneism), adds impossible objects as well. These are so-called incomplete objects that are necessarily non-existent. The opposite of circumstantialism, namely structuralism, has some catching-up to do. What might a structuralist logical semantics for impossibilities without impossibilia look like? This paper makes a structuralist counterproposal. We present a semantics based on a procedural interpretation of the typed λ-calculus. The fundamental idea is that talk about impossibilities should be construed in terms of procedures: some yield as their product a condition that could not possibly have a satisfier, while the rest fail to yield a product altogether. Dispensing with a ‘bottom’ of impossibilia requires instead a ‘top’ consisting of structured hyperintensions, intensions, intensions defining other intensions, a typed universe, and dual (de dicto and de re) predication. We explain how the theory works by going through several examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with Thomas Aquinas’s (1225–1274) theory of predication. Aquinas’s numerous works contain passages devoted to the issue of how predication works, usually in various theological or philosophical contexts. Assuming Aquinas’s account of predication was sufficiently uniform in relation to essential and accidental predications, there are several distinct interpretative models of predication possible in relation to the texts. They differ in ascribing different semantic roles to the copula. The first model sees the copula as expressing inherence of a form expressed by the predicate term in the entity denoted by the subject term. The second model interprets the copula as designating identity. The third model incorporates inherence with the fact that Aquinas combines predicative and existential functions of the copula. I argue that the identity model is closest to what Aquinas has in mind when speaking about predication as opposed to extensional truth conditions.

In Francesco Berto's words, the term "Serious Actualism" is used for the position "that any object must exist in every circumstance in which it has any property – the thesis that predication, or the having of properties as such, entails existence." ("Modal Meinongianism and Fiction: The Best of Three Worlds", Philosophical Studies 152, 2011, 324f.) Berto agrees with Nathan Salmon that Serious Actualism is "a confused and misguided prejudice" (Salmon, "Nonexistence", Noûs 32, 1998, 290). The aim of this article is to defend the doctrine of Serious Actualism against this verdict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no consensus in the literature regarding the defining characteristics of copy raising (CR), or in other words what determines whether a CR-like expression is CR or not. As a result, existing analyses target different data sets. In this paper, I propose a different approach to these constructions, which takes a functional perspective. I propose to abandon the term copy raising, which is misleading in a number of ways. Instead, I distinguish between perceptual depiction reports and perceptual inference reports and show that the functions which they fulfill are not particular to CR-like constructions, but are in fact more general. Such an approach, I claim, resolves existing conundrums surrounding CR. The analysis is formalized in the framework of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) and is inspired by previous accounts of CR in related frameworks such as LFG and SBCG, as well as HPSG analyses. In the spirit of HPSG, the analysis employs type inheritance hierarchies to distinguish between what is shared by the two constructions and what is construction-specific in order to account for alternative realizations of a single lexeme and to ascribe constructional (or extra-lexical) meaning to linguistic elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the publication of The verb "be" in Ancient Greek by Charles Kahn, people have put a lot of emphasis and invested too much labor in all kinds of historico-philological analyses in order to resolve philosophical questions regarding the concept of existence in Greek thought. Useful as these analyses might be, they cannot provide us with conclusive answers to the specific philosophical questions under scrutiny, and, perhaps, it is time for us to abandon the overwhelming optimist motivating the pioneers behind these attempts. I use the Sophist as a case study. I conclude that whether the Form of Being represents existence or predication cannot be settled on speculation regarding the syntax of the verb εἶναι; absolute εἶναι need not be existential in meaning, and complemented εἶναι may be existential in meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the behaviors of tag questions in Chinese and proposes a unifying analysis involving empty CP/DP pro-forms and predication. It is found that there are universally two types of Tag questions – (i) the invariable type and (ii) the (modal) verbal type, which correspond to the question-types in Chinese syntax. Previous research by Culivocer (1992. English tag questions in Universal Grammar. Lingua 88. 193–226) analyzed English tag questions as a pro-IP structure that is bound by a previous sentence. However, in Chinese, two types of tag questions include both A-not-A form and particle form. Furthermore, both the two kinds of tag questions display syntactic predication between the tag and an empty subject pro. An abbreviated "yes-no question" is attached to empty CP/DP constituents in these constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is cross-linguistically common to find a distinction between “temporary” vs. “permanent” states in copular verbs, e.g., Spanish estar and ser (see Deo et al. 2017). In Mashi [shr] (Bantu, JD53; Maho 2009), a similar temporary-permanent distinction holds not only of the two copular be-verbs in the language, -li (temporary state) and -ba (permanent state), but also of the two possessive have-verbs, -dwiire and -jira; -dwiire indicates temporary possession, while -jira instead indicates permanent possession. This parallelism provides a novel argument in favor of a decompositional approach to possessive verbs (Freeze 1992, Kayne 1993, Harley 1998). The analysis is further supported through patterns of allomorphy where HAVE is realized in its decomposed form, BE + comitative, in Mashi. I analyze the patterns using a Spanning Insertion analysis (Williams 2003, Svenonius 2012, 2016, Merchant 2015).

Objective To explore the predictive validity of joint function screening for military training injuries in new recruits. Methods A total of 113 new recruits were subjected from a training institution of the Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA from March to May 2022. Their joint function was evaluated, and the military training injuries were recorded during the training. Jarque-Brea (JB) normality test, binary logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and OR value calculation were used to comprehensively evaluate the validity of joint function screening in predicting military training injuries. Results The average score of joint function was 9.46 in the participants, and statistical difference was observed in the score between the injured recruits and uninjured recruits (7.30±1.45 vs 9.92±1.74, P < 0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the screening score of joint function was an important influencing factor of military training injuries (β=-1.098, P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC value was 0.875 (95%CI: 0.789~0.952 P < 0.01) in the prediction of training injuries, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 80.6%, and the injury risk threshold was 8.5 points. The potential injury risk probability in the new recruits with < 8.5 points in screening was 12.5 times higher than those with the score ≥8.5 points (OR=12.5). Conclusion The screening score of joint function has good correlation with military training injury, and shows good predictive performance for the injuries. Therefore, it can be used as a prediction tool of military training injuries for new recruits in all branches of the military.

Pour « l’instance de réception » du sens que nous sommes, tout procès sémiosique, tout ensemble signifiant suppose une « instance énonçante » qui se trouve à son origine et qui « énonce », à travers ce qu’elle signifie, un rapport au monde, le sien ou celui d’autrui, vécu ou imaginé, tout en « s’énonçant » en même temps comme dotée de telle ou telle « identité ». Il s’agit non pas d’une identité socio-historique mais d’une « identité sémiotique » car elle fait sens pour nous, récepteurs et interprètes. Cependant, la saisie de cette identité varie d’un interprète à un autre : certains, tablant sur le « principe d’immanence » typique de toute pensée scientifique, ne tiennent compte que du logos et des « prédicats cognitifs » qui le manifestent ; d’autres, au contraire, peuvent en plus, en faisant le leur un « principe de réalité », mettre en avant les « prédicats somatiques » et la phusis qu’ils traduisent. Ce sont ces différents types de réception et d’interprétation du « discours », effectuation du langage, modèle par excellence de toute signification, que la « théorie des instances énonçantes » (Coquet) essaie de penser, non pas dans le cadre commun hypothético-déductif et génératif, mais plutôt en tablant, à travers la mise au jour d’un certain nombre de régularités sémiotiques, sur un « parcours inductif » de nature interprétative conjuguant les manifestations discursives aussi bien du logos que de la phusis. Ce sont les articulations importantes de cette « forme » singulière donnée à la « sémiotique discursive » (Greimas) que nous allons tenter de cerner et d’expliciter ici.

Usage of the Greek verb ‘to be’ is generally divided into three broad categories — the predicative use, the existential and the veridical—and these usages often inform the way we understand Being in ancient philosophy. This article challenges this approach by arguing that Being is not the product of linguistic reflection in Parmenides, Plato and Aristotle; rather, these thinkers treat Being as the ontological and epistemological primary. Though this may overlap with the linguistic senses, it is not the same thing. The article is divided into three sections: the first one raises several basic issues with the predicative interpretation of Being, the second argues that Being is unified and singular in a significant sense and the third brings out the special pre-immanence of Being.

There is no consensus in the literature regarding the defining characteristics of copy raising (CR), or in other words what determines whether a CR-like expression is CR or not. As a result, existing analyses target different data sets. In this paper, I propose a different approach to these constructions, which takes a functional perspective. I propose to abandon the term copy raising, which is misleading in a number of ways. Instead, I distinguish between perceptual depiction reports and perceptual inference reports and show that the functions which they fulfill are not particular to CR-like constructions, but are in fact more general. Such an approach, I claim, resolves existing conundrums surrounding CR. The analysis is formalized in the framework of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) and is inspired by previous accounts of CR in related frameworks such as LFG and SBCG, as well as HPSG analyses. In the spirit of HPSG, the analysis employs type inheritance hierarchies to distinguish between what is shared by the two constructions and what is construction-specific in order to account for alternative realizations of a single lexeme and to ascribe constructional (or extra-lexical) meaning to linguistic elements.

Статья посвящена рассмотрению функциональных особенностей имен собственных личных (антропонимов) в выражении авторской модальности и в построении предикативного аспекта художественной диктемы. Исследование направлено на изучение формальных и контекстуально-ситуативных признаков имен собственных, участвующих в организации тематической структуры художественного произведения. Особое внимание уделяется рассмотрению семантико-оценочному содержанию предикативного центра художественной диктемы, ядром которого являются литературные антропонимы. В рамках диктемного подхода к изучению имени собственного установлено, что предикативный центр диктемы состоит из двух значимых категорий коммуникативного единства: авторской модальности и читательской интерпретации. В результате исследования показано, что различные виды антропонимов и их формы способны соотносить происходящие события в тексте с действиями объективной реальности, что помогает читателю распознать и интерпретировать различные авторские интенции в воображаемом мире художественного произведения.

A relevant part of Jainism is its logic. Jaina logic gives tools to communicate and argue. However, it is problematic from the western perspective: it seems to be a paraconsistent system, that is, a system in which a fact and the denial of that very fact can be true at once. Those difficulties have been overtaken from interpretations that ignore classical standard logic and assess Jaina logic from a point of view more linked to reasoning and the real use of natural language. One of those interpretations have resorted to the theory of mental models, and that interpretation is the one the present paper develops. This is because the theory of mental models has been updated and, hence, any relation provided between Jaina logic and this last theory should be updated as well.

According to the Categories , predicates can be 'said of' their subjects or they can be 'present in' their subjects. The said-of relation has received relatively little scholarly attention, and scholars disagree on the answers to four foundational questions about the relation. (i) What is it? (ii) Is it an essential relation? (iii) How is it related to predication? (iv) Is it primitive? I argue that A is said-of B just in case A is a formal part of B. On this account, said-of is an essential relation and it is definable, but it is not defined in terms of predication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the Johnny Depp and Amber Heard case in news media. The aim of the current research is to allow for an in-depth analysis of how a range of news media outlets used discourse to frame intimate partner violence (IPV) in modern news media. A synthesis of previous literature revealed methodological limitations and a potential research bias in the existing body of research addressing news media discourse regarding IPV. The current study utilized a sample of 12 articles from three news media outlets of distinct political orientations that were analyzed following guidelines on maintaining quality in CDA. Two discursive strategies are presented in this article: (a) predication and argumentation; (b) the construction of ingroups and outgroups. This article argues that these strategies were used to discredit the experience of Depp and create perceived ingroups and outgroups throughout the discourse. It is also noted that this sample of articles only highlighted instances of physical violence. Future research should investigate the effect this representation of IPV may have on consumers of news media, as societal expectations may inform help seeking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A relevant part of Jainism is its logic. Jaina logic gives tools to communicate and argue. However, it is problematic from the western perspective: it seems to be a paraconsistent system, that is, a system in which a fact and the denial of that very fact can be true at once. Those difficulties have been overtaken from interpretations that ignore classical standard logic and assess Jaina logic from a point of view more linked to reasoning and the real use of natural language. One of those interpretations have resorted to the theory of mental models, and that interpretation is the one the present paper develops. This is because the theory of mental models has been updated and, hence, any relation provided between Jaina logic and this last theory should be updated as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article explores the motivations that led Jalāl al-Dīn al-Dawānī (d. 1502) to draw the distinction between what he called "primary predication" (ḥaml awwalī) and "familiar predication" (ḥaml mutaʿāraf or ḥaml shāʾiʿ). These motivations include allowing for the predication of particulars, such as "This is Zayd" and accounting for apparently true self-negations, such as "The [concept] particular is not a particular." The article also explores some criticisms of this distinction by Dawānī's contemporary and rival Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Dashtakī (d. 1498). Despite these criticisms, Dawānī's distinction was adopted, adapted, and emphasized by the Safavid scholar Mīr Dāmād (d. 1631). Mīr Dāmād's influence, in turn, accounts for the prominence given to the distinction in later centuries among Iranian and Indo-Muslim logicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is one of the most serious illnesses that many individuals worldwide face. Accurate detection and effective treatment are of vital significance in lowering the death rate of breast cancer. Although researchers throughout the globe have offered many diagnostic approaches for the identification of this illness, these current methods still need additional refinement to assure the proper and efficient diagnosis of this disease. The purpose of this study is to make early and precise forecasts regarding breast cancer, which consider the second biggest cause of death in women globally. which in turn reduces the number of deaths around the world. In this study, we propose a methodology that utilises a soft voting classifier for diagnosing the type of breast cancer tumor, whether benign or malignant, based on three machine learning algorithms, namely, logistic regression, support vector machine, and decision tree. The Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer dataset was used to assess the proposed methodology. Before using this dataset, we balanced it using the SMOTE technique to eliminate bias and increase the size of the dataset. Modern studies have been surpassed by the proposed methodology, which has 99.3% accuracy, 100% precision, 98.46% recall, 99.2% F1 score, and an AUC of 0.992. Furthermore, it achieved an accuracy mean of 97.24% with 10-fold crossvalidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At Prior Analytics II 22.68a16–21, Aristotle argues that if A is predicated of all B and C and nothing else, and B is predicated of all C, then A and B convert. In justifying his argument, however, he appears to claim that B is not predicated of all A. This claim has long been a cause of puzzlement to commentators. A widespread view is that the kind of conversion discussed in the passage at issue should be explained in both extensional and intensional terms. After providing some textual evidence that Aristotle only apparently claims that B is not predicated of all A, I give a purely extensional account of Aristotle's argument. This account is plausible, conservative and simpler than any of the intensional accounts that have been proposed so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper defends an interpretation of Plato, Soph. 259c7–d7, which describes a distinction between genuine and pretender forms of 'examination' or 'refutation' (ἔλεγχος). The passage speaks to a need, throughout the dialogue, to differentiate the truly philosophical method from the merely eristic method. But its contribution has been obscured by the appearance of a textual problem at 259c7–8. As a result, scholars have largely not recognized that the Eleatic Stranger recommends accepting contrary predication as a condition of genuine refutation. After reviewing various proposals to change the text, the paper defends this reading. Finally, the paper turns to the methodological significance of accepting contrary predication. The dialogue depicts contrary predication as an instance of a class of statements that compel the soul's disbelief. Soph. 259c7–d7 suggests that these kinds of statements are a crossroad: one can either reject them and turn to eristic discourse or accept them and practise genuine refutation. The paper reflects on what this indicates about Plato's meditations on contradiction and philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Análisis Filosófico is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Analisis Filosofico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding a gradable adjective (e.g., big) requires mak-ing reference to a comparison class, a set of objects or entitiesagainst which the referent is implicitly compared (e.g., big fora Great Dane), but how do listeners decide upon a compari-son class? Simple models of semantic composition stipulatethat the adjective combines with a noun, which necessarily be-comes the comparison class (e.g., “That Great Dane is big”means big for a Great Dane). We investigate an alternativehypothesis built on the idea that the utility of a noun in anadjectival utterance can be either for reference (getting the lis-tener to attend to the right object) or predication (describing aproperty of the referent). Therefore, we hypothesize that whenthe presence of a noun N can be explained away by its util-ity in reference (e.g., being in the subject position: “That N isbig”), it is less likely to set the comparison class. Across threepre-registered experiments, we find evidence that listeners usethe noun as a cue to infer comparison classes consistent with atrade-off between reference and predication. This work high-lights the complexity of the relation between the form of anutterance and its meaning.

Op-ed writers reflect the ideology of their media organizations in their columns using various linguistic strategies. These strategies can be manifested using the analytic tools provided by Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The aim of this study is to analyze how the portrait of Mehmed II painted by the Italian artist Bellini being purchased by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality on 25 June 2020 is reflected in two op-ed articles in the Sözcü and Yeni Akit newspapers which represent contrasting ideologies. The op-ed articles have been analyzed using the Predication strategy within the framework of Discourse-Historical Approach (Reisigl & Wodak, 2009). Our findings have revealed that predication strategy has been used in the op-ed article in Yeni Akit newspaper to present the opposition between us and them, while it has been used in the op-ed article in Sözcü to create a similarity between the social actors with different ideological orientations by mitigating the distinction between us and them. It has been concluded that the topic at hand is the determining factor for the op-ed writers in conveying their ideologies in the text and that the predication strategy is mainly used to persuade the target audience.

In this paper, I present evidence for variable agreement with anaphors in Tatar. I show that inflected reflexives trigger co-varying person agreement as DP/nominalization subjects and as complements of postpositions, which appears to contradict the generalization on the anaphor agreement effect (AAE). At the same time, inflected reciprocals induce 3p agreement on external targets. These data are puzzling in two aspects. First, it is unclear how to derive co-varying agreement with inflected reflexives because it cannot be handled as a regular exception to AAE predicted to arise by the agreement-based theory if the antecedent of the anaphor is positioned lower than the agreement target. Secondly, the difference between reflexives and reciprocals with respect to external agreement looks enigmatic. I propose that Tatar reflexives and reciprocals, despite their superficial resemblance, have different internal structures, which in turn bring about differences in their feature sets, and external agreement reveals these differences. As to AAE violations, I propose that the Tatar data can be accounted for under the feature sharing approach whereby the features on the anaphor and on the external probe are first identified as instances of the same feature set and then valued by the anaphor's binder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with attributive modification in South American languages. It focuses on descriptive terms that denote properties. First of all, it is observed that attributive modification with property terms is possible in most, but not all South American languages. The typology of attributive constructions is argued to constitute a continuum, from syntactically loose nominal expressions, on the one hand, to morphologically complex structures which are ambiguous between compounding and derivation, on the other hand. The latter involves the use of lexico-grammatical means such as classifiers. The paper also raises the question of a possible diachronic link – at least for some languages – between intransitive clauses and postnominal property terms, which are often verbal in nature.

This is a descriptive, stylistic, linguistic study that addresses nominal predication from a new perspective that seeks to reveal the logical causative relationship between the nominal subject (ạl 'mubtadāủ) and the nominal predicate ) ạl 'kẖabaru ( in the nominal predication. The study is meant to identify the types of nominal structures that express causative meaning from other nominal predications. This study is unique in the sense that it follows and enumerates the structural forms of nominal subject (ạl 'mubtadāủ) and the nominal predicate (ạl 'kẖabaru) in Madni Qur'an. It is concerned with extrapolating the rich semantic meanings in them, defining the deep stylistic functions that explain the levels of structures according to the verbal and semantic context, and according to the status of the recipient and his willingness to receive the discourse with approval, doubt or denial, identifying the regular synthetic means that goes with the original rule or digresses from it by deletion, precedence and deferment and the resulting aesthetic effect and other various semantical rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the correlation between muscle content index and bone mineral density (BMD) of different parts, and to screen the best site of muscle content index measurement and cut-off point for predicting the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods A total of 1366 postmenopausal women were selected from the Health Management Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2018 to October 2021. BMD and skeletal muscle content (ASM) of limbs were measured with DXA and BIA methods. Muscle indexes such as ASMI, ASMBMI, and SMI were calculated from ASM. ROC curve and logistic regression analysis were used to verify the ability of muscle index to predict OP risk and to evaluate the correlation strength. Results The muscle content in OP group was lower than that in non-OP group. There was no significant difference between SMI and different BMD group in lumbar, the visceral fat area and different BMD group in femoral neck, and ASMBMI and different BMD group in greater trochanter and total hip BMD (P>0.05). There were significant differences in fat and muscle content among different BMD group (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between BMD and SMI (r=0.095, -0.122, r=0.195 and r=0.177, P<0.05), and a positive correlation with ASM, ASM and ASMBMI (r=0.369, 0.298, 0.085/0.366, 0.297, 0.066/0.366, 0.362/0.362, 0.360, P<0.05). ROC curve and regression analysis showed that ASM<17.2 kg (OR=3.699) and ASMBMI<0.74 (OR=2.235) were the highest muscle content indexes and cut-off points for predicting the risk of OP in postmenopausal women. Conclusion ASM<17.2 kg and ASMBMI< 0.74 are independent risk factors of OP and muscle mass index and cut-off point range for predicting the risk of OP in postmenopausal women's femoral neck and lumbar spine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demonstratives have traditionally been recognized as a semantic category in which different members are classified as belonging to certain lexical or syntactic categories. Current research suggests there are at least 7 different distinct lexical categories: determiners, pronouns, adverbs, nonverbal predicators, verbs, adpositions, and articles. This study looks at one of the aforementioned category of demonstratives, demonstrative verbs, based on a sample of 101 languages with demonstrative verbs out of a total of 1182 languages examined. We present a typological classification of demonstrative verbs based on semantics, an exploration on the morphosyntactic properties of demonstrative verbs and their use in different pragmatic functions, and vast illustrative data in support of our analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]