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The ideological divisions within the North American radical environmental organisation Earth First! led to its disintegration. While the old guard was for strict concentration on wilderness issues, the new guard wanted an extension of the organizational platform to include social issues. An external factor responsible for the break-up was possible FBI involvement. It was the 'no compromise' attitude of the old guard which undermined other interests that were at stake. The issue of organization developing into a mass movement also raised controversies.

The article uses the case of a major state-sponsored cultural policy institution in Sweden, the Foundation Culture of the Future ( Stiftelsen framtidens kultur ), to show how tension between institutional autonomy and state dependence can be dealt with creatively by foundations seeking both autonomy and legitimacy from the state and other actors. The article argues that that the Foundation (FCF) has developed its operations within a field of tension between the patron and architect models of state cultural policy. These models reflect the tension between institutional autonomy and state dependence. Through the application of a strategy of "self-governed dependence", the FCF has chosen a "third way", and has been able to establish itself as a major actor on the cultural policy arena, and to secure support and legitimacy from both national cultural policy makers and those who compete for funding opportunities provided by the FCF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on missionary woman Emma Dahl's role in contesting the patriarchal gender regime of the Norwegian Missionary Society (NMS) in Madagascar. Patriarchal gender regimes and missionary feminism; Source materials used for the interpretation of historical events; Preaching by Bible women; Other opportunities obtained by Dahl after her career in the NMS.

Women's movements participate in a multitude of interactional spaces, some of which are created by governmental institutions, and some of which are created by civil society actors including women's organizations themselves. The reflections on these spaces that follow arise from empirical research conducted within the FEMCIT project. Our research investigated relations between ethnic majority and minority women's movement organizations in Norway, Spain and the United Kingdom, with a particular view to whether such organizations engage in mutual dialogue, cooperation and political claims-making, as well as how they work to influence public policy. The focus of this piece is on the importance of space, place and nation at theoretical, normative, and empirical levels in women's movement research, and on processes of inclusion and exclusion linked to the multitude of spaces in which women's movements participate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]